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Aims, Goals, Objectives
Aims, Goals, Objectives
Aims, Goals, Objectives
curriculum development
Aims, goals and objectives
Education is purposeful. It concern with outcomes that
are expressed at several levels
Aims : the most general level
Goals: reflect the purpose with outcomes in mind.
Objectives: reflect the most specific levels of
educational outcomes
Wilson(2004) defines AIMS as " general statements that
provide direction or intent to educational action".
Orstein and Hunkins concluded that AIMS serve to:
1 Be general statements that provide shape and
direction to the more specific actions designed
to achieve future product and behavior.
2. Be starting point for ideal/inspirational vision of
the good future
Develop moral character and personal discipline.
Encourage creative and critical thinking.
Broaden scientific and technological knowledge.
Foster love of humanity.
Teach the rights and duties of citizenship
Promote respect for human right.
Strengthen ethical and spiritual values.
Aims of Elementary Education
Provide knowledge and develop skills , attitudes,values
essential to personal development and necessary for living
in and contributing to a developing and changing society.
Provide learning experiences which increase the child's
awareness of and responsiveness to the changes in the
society.
Promote and intensify knowledge, identification with and
love for the nation and the people to which he belongs.
Promote work experiences which develop orientation to
the world of work and prepare the learner to honest and
gainful work.
Aims of Secondary Education
Continue to promote the objective of elementary
education.
Discover and enhance the different aptitudes and
interests of students in order to equip them with
skills for productive endeavor and or to prepare
them for tertiary schooling.
Aims of Tertiary Education
Provide general education programs which will
promote national identity, cultural consciousness,
moral integrity and spiritual vigor.
Train the nation's manpower in the skills required
for national development.
Develop the professions that will provide leadership
for nation.
Advance knowledge through research and apply new
knowledge for improving the quality of human life
and respond effectively to changing society.
Goals are statements or intent to be accomplished.
Goals are statement of purpose with some outcomes in
mind.
According to Wilson(2005), goals are " the statement of
educational intention which are more specific than
aim.
Oliva(2001) distinguishes between curriculum goal and
instructional goals.
Curriculum goal: a purpose in general terms without
criteria of achievement.
Instructional curriculum: a statement of performance
expected of each student
Goals can be written broadly and specifically.
Examples
To develop a skill in reading,writting ,speaking and listening
To be able to verbally and visually express a point of view
Objectives are usually specific statement of educational
intention which delineate either general or specific
outcomes.
Benjamin Bloom and Robert Magyar defined educational
objective in two ways:
1 Explicit formulations of the ways in which
students are expected to be changed by
educative process.
2. Intent communicated by statement describing
proposed change in learner
Taba(1962) states that there are two types of objectives:
1 General objective:
Those objectives that describe school- wide outcomes.
E.g. Improving students skills
2 Specific objective:
Those objectives that describe behavior to be attained in a
particular unit, a subject/course or particular programmed
E.g. cognitive, affective and psychomotor domain
Three Big Domain of Objectives
Cognitive
Affective
Psychomotor
To conclude the topic we come to know that