WESTERN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

La Paz, Iloilo City

College of Arts & Sciences SS3 (Understanding the Self) 2nd Semester A.Y. 2020-2021 Social Sciences Department
Module 2, Lesson 8

Responsible Self: Commitment to Lifelong Growth

1.1 Intelligence Quotient and Emotional Quotient
1.2 Howard Gardner and The Theory of Multiple Intelligence
1.3 Contributors to Intelligence
1.4 Motivation and Theories

INTRODUCTION
“Every Child is Special” is a quote from Tar Zameen Par; an Indian drama-film about a child named Ishaan who experienced
difficulty in his academics which was found out later on that it was caused by his Dyslexia, a condition which made it difficult
for a person to read. He was considered as a slow learner, a kid with no future. He was considered hopeless until an art
teacher took time to teach him and later on discovered that Ishaan is a precious Star, capable of greater things. Just like
Ishaan, every child is special; Each one of you have something in you that can contribute to the betterment of the society. With
appropriate motivation and the understanding that Intelligence is a concept with multiple dimensions, you will be able to enhance you
own strengths.

LEARNING OUTCOMES
Upon completion of this module, students taking this course should have:
1. Explain the concepts of IQ and EQ;
2. Identify the different Intelligences according to Howard Gardner;
3. Identify the contributors to one’s intelligence; and
4. Explain the different theories of motivation.

DISCUSSION
Guide Question for Discussion:
1.1 What is IQ and EQ
1.2 What are the different kinds of intelligence according to Howard Gardner?
1.3 What contributes to the formation of our intelligence?
1.4 What are the theories of Motivation?
1.5 What is EQ?
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1.1 Charles Spearman and Intelligence Quotient Emotional quotient (EQ)
Charles Spearman (1904)
- Spearman is an American Psychologist best known for his
work in statistics, leading to the breakthrough in the field of IQ (Intelligence quotient)
Psychological Assessment and the creation of standard
measurement to various concepts in - A standardized measure that represents a person’s reasoning skills
psychology. - It has been accepted in the psychological community that
- He believed that intelligence consists of a general mental intelligence is not necessarily a single and generalized
ability or IQ (Intelligence quotient) and Domain specific characteristic, but is comprised of different specific traits
abilities

- The abilities to perceive, appraise, understand, and express emotions accurately and appropriately
- The use of emotions and emotional knowledge to facilitate thinking and the regulation of one’s emotions to promote both
emotional and intellectual growth
- EQ is the emotional counterpart of IQ

1.2 Howard Gardner and The Theory of Multiple Intelligence

Howard Gardner
-

Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligence (1983)

1. Verbal Linguistic Intelligence

- It is characterized by the ability to think in words and use language to express meaning.
- Authors, journalists, speakers, poets
2. Logical-mathematical Intelligence
- Refers to the ability to carry out mathematical operations
- The ability to handle long chains of reasoning
- The sensitivity and capacity to discern logical or numerical patters
- Scientist, engineers, accountants, mathematicians
3. Spatial-visual Intelligence
- Ability to think in images, pictures, or three-dimensional figures
- As well as the capacity to perceive the visual-spatial world accurately and perform transformations on one’s initial perceptions -
Architects, artists, sailor/navigators, sculptor
4. Naturalistic Intelligence
- The ability to observe patterns in nature and understand natural and human-made systems
- Sensitivity to differences among diverse species
- The ability to interact subtly with living creatures
- Farmers, botanist, ecologist, landscapers, environmentalist
5. Bodily-kinesthetic Intelligence
- Ability to be physically adept at manipulating objects, controlling one’s bodily movements, and handling objects skillfully -
Surgeons, crafts people, artisans, dancers, athletes
-
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6. Musical-rhythmic Intelligence
- The sensitivity to pitch, melody, rhythm, and tone
- The ability to produce and appreciate rhythm, pitch, and timbre
- The appreciation of the forms of musical expressiveness
- Composers, musicians, or sensitive listeners
7. Interpersonal Intelligence
- The ability to understand and interact effectively with others
- The capacity to discern and respond appropriately to the moods, temperaments, motivations, and desires of others -
Teachers, mental health professionals
8. Intrapersonal Intelligence
- The ability to understand oneself
The knowledge of one’s own strength, weaknesses, desires, and intelligences
- Understanding of one’s own feelings and the ability to discriminate among them and draw upon them to guide behavior -
Theologians, psychologist, a person with detailed and accurate self-concept

1.3 Contributors to Intelligence

Intelligence is an accumulation of all the influences one have. Those influences are influenced by the following;

Heredity
- The genes one inherits from their parents, which provide the upper and lower limits of their intelligence quotient -
This is the raw biological material of intelligence

Environment
- Involves the experiences and the psychological and physical exposure of the individual to the various influences around
him/her
- Home, school, and the community as well as the things happening therein are examples of one’s environment -
Heredity and environment both interact to contribute to intelligence and personality

1.4 Motivation and theories

Motivation is the force that moves people to behave, think, and feel the way they do.
- Motivated behavior are energized, directed, and sustained. Motivation is an Important in personality development for without
which, it would be difficult to sustains oneself vigor to reach ones’ goals in life.

Below are theories that try to explain people’s motivation through different lenses;

1. Evolutionary Theory (Buss, 2000)

- The motivation for sex, achievement, aggression, and other behaviors is rooted in the organisms’ evolutionary past - If a
species is highly competitive, it is because such competitiveness has improved its chances of survival, and these are
passed down through genes from generation to generation
2. Drive Reduction Theory
- Organisms are driven by physiological needs
- A need energizes one’s drive to eliminate or reduce the deprivation
- As drive becomes stronger, the individual becomes more motivated to reduce it
3. Optimum Arousal Theory
- Yerkes-Donson Law states that performance is at its highest under conditions of moderate arousal rather than high
(cannot concentrate) or low (too lazy to move) arousal
- Level of arousal depends on the kind of task

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4. Personal Characteristics
 - Also influences levels of behavior
- Sensation-seeking is the motivation to experience varied, complex, and intense feelings of and experiences. -
High-sensation seekers are;
⮚ Motivated to engage in adventure sports (mountain climbing, hang gliding, scuba diving)
⮚ Attracted to vocations such as, Emergency room work, traffic control, fire fighting
⮚ Drink heavily, smoke, use illicit drugs
⮚ Short term hedonistic attitude towards intimate relationships
5. Cognitive Approach
- Cognitive factors determine motivation level
⮚ Intrinsic Motivation
- Internal factors like self-determination, curiosity, challenge, and effort
⮚ Extrinsic Motivation
- External factors like rewards and punishment

SUMMARY
This lesson presented critical Factors in developing oneself to function effectively as a responsible contributing member of the
community. These variables include intelligence, emotional quotient, and motivation to name a few.
∙ The module discussed Howard Gardner’s multiple intelligences
∙ It was also discussed that there are two broad contributors to intelligence namely environment and heredity. ∙ It is also
important to note the importance of Emotional Quotients is important in developing responsibility for it affects social relationships

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