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Science: Solar Energy and The Atmosphere
Science: Solar Energy and The Atmosphere
Science: Solar Energy and The Atmosphere
SCIENCE
Fourth Quarter – Module 3
Solar Energy and the Atmosphere
Republic Act 8293, Section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein
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may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
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FAIR USE AND CONTENT DISCLAIMER: This SLM (Self Learning Module) is for
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photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in these modules are owned by their
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ownership over them. Sincerest appreciation to those who have made significant
contributions to these modules.
Introductory Message
The atmosphere is a thick gaseous envelope which surrounds the Earth and
is held down by gravitational force. It acts as a blanket which does not only
distribute the heat received from the sun but also tends to prevent the escape of
heat from the Earth. As the heat makes its way to the atmosphere and back out to
space, greenhouse gases absorb much of it. These gases are necessary to sustain
all types of life on earth.
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be able to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.
What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.
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story, a song, a poem, a problem opener,
an activity or a situation.
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At the end of this module you will also find:
References v
This is a list of all sources used in
developing this module.
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use your Science activity notebook in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain a deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
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Table of Contents
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What I Need to Know
Earth is the only planet in the solar system with an atmosphere that can
sustain life. It does not only contain the air that we breathe but also protects us
from the blasts of heat and radiation coming from the sun. It warms the planet by
day and cools it by night.
After going through this module, you should be able to discuss how energy
from the sun interacts with the layers of the atmosphere. (S7ES-IVd-5)
The scope of this module permits you to use different learning situations.
The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. Follow the
directions in the activities and answer the given tests and exercises properly.
1
What I Know
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer and write it in your Science activity
notebook.
3. You and your friends joined a mountain climbing activity. You have noticed that
as you go higher, you felt that the air is getting colder. What explains this
condition?
A. The temperature increases as the altitude decreases.
B. The temperature increases as the altitude increases.
C. The temperature decreases as the altitude increases.
D. The temperature decreases as the altitude decreases.
4. What is the correct sequence of the layers of the atmosphere from the ground
up to the space?
A. Exosphere – Mesosphere – Thermosphere – Stratosphere – Troposphere
B. Exosphere – Thermosphere – Mesosphere – Stratosphere – Troposphere
C. Troposphere – Stratosphere – Mesosphere – Thermosphere – Exosphere
D. Troposphere – Stratosphere – Thermosphere – Mesosphere – Exosphere
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5. An Ozone (O3) becomes a “bad ozone” when it ___________.
A. becomes unstable C. absorbs Ultraviolet (UV) rays
B. stays at the stratosphere D. moves down to the ground level
8. Which of the following is a blanket of air that protects the Earth from ultraviolet
radiation and meteors?
A. Atmosphere B. Clouds C. Water vapor D. Wind
10. What would the Earth’s temperature be without the greenhouse gases?
I. Too hot for humans to survive on Earth
II. Too cold for humans to survive on Earth
III. Increased temperature on the Earth’s surface
IV. Decreased temperature on the Earth’s surface
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11. What is the process of trapping the sun’s heat in the atmosphere that keeps
the planet's climate warm enough to support life?
A. Carbon emission C. Global warming
B. Climate change D. Greenhouse effect
12. Which of the following statements is NOT a possible result of global warming?
A. increased acidic levels in rainfall
B. increased occurrence of flooding
C. the melting of the world’s ice cover
D. death of many aquatic animals
14. Which of the following activities can reduce greenhouse gas emission?
A. Burning dried leaves
B. Riding private car in the way to school
C. Using aerosol sprays to kill harmful insects
D. Using reusable bags when buying things from the market
15. The gradual rise in the atmospheric temperature due to the increase in
greenhouse gases is known as _____.
A. climate change C. greenhouse effect
B. global warming D. ozone depletion
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Lesson
Layers of the Atmosphere
1
What’s In
5
What’s New
ALPHABET CODE
A B C D E F G H I J
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
K L M N O P Q R S T
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
U V W X Y Z
21 22 23 24 25 26
SCIENCE
1.) 19, 3, 9, 5, 14, 3, 5 : _________________________
3.) 20, 18, 15, 16, 15, 19, 16, 8, 5, 18, 5 : _______________________
4.) 19, 20, 18, 1, 20, 15, 19, 16, 8, 5, 18, 5 : _______________________
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What is It
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Layers of the Atmosphere
Earth's atmosphere has a series of layers, each with its own specific traits.
Figure 2 shows the layers of the Earth’s atmosphere. Moving upward from ground
level, these layers are named the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere,
thermosphere and exosphere. The exosphere gradually fades away into the realm
of interplanetary space. The atmosphere’s division of layers depends on how
temperature changes with height.
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Shown in Table 1 below is the summary of the description and the characteristics
of each layer of the Earth’s atmosphere.
Characteristics:
1. It is the only layer where jets can travel.
2. Stratosphere
2. It is where the Protective Ozone is found. It is
considered as “good” ozone because it protects life on
Earth from the harmful effects of the Sun's Ultraviolet
(UV) rays.
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Layers of the Description/ Characteristics
Atmosphere
Temperature: DECREASES (up to -100 ºC)
Characteristics:
1. It is the coldest region of the atmosphere.
3. Mesosphere
2. It extends from the top of the stratosphere to an altitude
of about 90 kilometers.
3. It is the layer that protects the Earth by burning up
meteors while entering the atmosphere.
Temperature: INCREASES (from 500 ºC to 2,000 ºC)
Characteristics:
4. Thermosphere
1. Its air molecules are 1 km apart.
2. It is the first layer exposed to the Sun's radiation and so it
is first heated by the Sun.
3. It is often considered the “hot layer” because it contains
the warmest temperatures in the atmosphere.
4. It is the layer where satellites are found.
5. It is where the Ionosphere is found.
Characteristics of Ionosphere:
1. It is the lower part of the Thermosphere.
2. It allows long distance radio communication by reflecting
the radio waves back to Earth.
3. It is where the Aurora Borealis (or northern lights, are an
ethereal display of colored lights shimmering across the
night sky) is found.
Temperature: Varies from very hot to very cold
Characteristics:
5. Exosphere 1. It is the Upper part of Thermosphere.
2. It is the actual "final frontier" of Earth's gaseous
envelope.
3. It is where rockets travel.
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What’s More
Directions: Refer to the graph showing the “Average Temperature Profile of the
Earth’s Atmosphere” in Figure 3 and complete the table below. Write
your answers in your Science activity notebook. Number 1 is done for
you.
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Lesson Greenhouse Effect
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You have already learned that the Earth's atmosphere has different layers
and is composed of several gases which are responsible for maintaining life on the
Earth’s surface. You will later discover their life saving role as you proceed to the
lesson.
What’s In
WORD BOX
Thermosphere Stratosphere Mesosphere
Troposphere Exosphere
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What’s New
WORD BOX
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What is It?
Solar energy from the Sun makes its way to Earth and passes through the
atmosphere into the earth’s surface. Some of the heat from the ground are
reflected back into the atmosphere and absorbed by the ozone layer. The ozone
layer located in the upper part of the stratosphere shields us from much of the
sun’s ultraviolet radiation. It contains greenhouse gases such as water vapor,
carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone and some artificial chemicals such
as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) which are responsible for the absorption of heat
coming from the Sun. They occur both naturally and through human activities. At
the top of the troposphere, ozone acts as a greenhouse gas and adds to global
warming.
Greenhouse Earth
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Figure 6. Greenhouse Effect
The sun’s heat enters About half of the The rest reaches the
the atmosphere as heat is reflected or earth, where it
SOLAR RADIATION absorbed by clouds absorbs by oceans
and the atmosphere. and land.
The earth also releases Some of this heat But most of it captured
heat called escape directly back and retained by
INFRARED RADIATION into space greenhouse gases in
back toward space the atmosphere.
In natural greenhouse effect, more heat escaped back into the space and
less is re-emitted towards the Earth’s surface. However, in the enhanced
greenhouse effect, more heat is trapped and reflected back to the Earth’s surface
due to the high presence of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide. This resulted
to the increase of earth’s temperature known as the ‘global warming’.
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What’s More
ACTIVITY 3: Fill Me In
Directions: Name the phenomenon or event shown in each picture below by filling
in the missing letters in the box. Write your answers in your Science
activity notebook.
1. 2.
D O H F O
3. 4.
M L T G W L D F R
O F I
Question:
What do you think causes these phenomena or events to
happen?
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What I Have Learned
Directions: Complete the selection below by filling in the blanks with the word/s
from the word box. Write your answers in your Science activity
notebook.
WORD BOX
carbon dioxide mesosphere
earth’s surface solar radiation
exosphere stratosphere
greenhouse effect troposphere
greenhouse gases thermosphere
infrared radiation
The Sun’s rays enter the Earth’s atmosphere as (6)_____. This radiation in
a form of heat is reflected back to space or absorbed by the (7)____ and is trapped
in the atmosphere. Some of it reaches the (8)____, where it is absorbed by the
ocean and land. The Earth also releases heat back toward the space called
(9)____. Some of this heat successfully escapes back into space and a portion of
it is retained by greenhouse gases. The heat goes back down to warm the surface.
This process is called (10)____.
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What I Can Do
Directions: Using the Carbon Emission Checklist, assess your carbon footprint
by putting a check mark ( ⁄ ) that corresponds to your choice. Interpret
the results by counting the total value of check marks in each column.
Activities Always Sometimes Never
(1) (2) (3)
We use kerosene lamp or low energy light
bulbs at home.
SCORE
OVER-ALL SCORE
Interpretation:
10 – 15: Be happy! You are a Climate Hero! Keep up the good work.
16 – 20: It’s Alright! You can still do more to be a Climate Hero.
21 – 30: Don’t be sad. Just start to reduce your carbon footprint. Do it now!
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Assessment
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it in your Science
activity notebook.
1. Which of the following is a blanket of air that protects the Earth from ultraviolet
radiation and meteors?
A. Atmosphere B. Clouds C. Water vapor D. Wind
3. What is the correct sequence of the layers of the atmosphere from the ground
up to the space?
A. Exosphere – Mesosphere – Thermosphere – Stratosphere – Troposphere
B. Exosphere – Thermosphere – Mesosphere – Stratosphere – Troposphere
C. Troposphere – Stratosphere – Mesosphere – Thermosphere – Exosphere
D. Troposphere – Stratosphere – Thermosphere – Mesosphere – Exosphere
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6. You and your friends joined a mountain climbing activity. You have noticed that
as you go higher, you felt that the air is getting colder. What explains this
condition?
A. The temperature increases as the altitude decreases.
B. The temperature increases as the altitude increases.
C. The temperature decreases as the altitude increases.
D. The temperature decreases as the altitude decreases.
8. What is the process of trapping the sun’s heat in the atmosphere that keeps the
planet's climate warm enough to support life?
A. Carbon emission C. Global warming
B. Climate change D. Greenhouse effect
10. What would the Earth’s temperature be without the greenhouse gases?
I. Too hot for humans to survive on Earth
II. Too cold for humans to survive on Earth
III. Increased temperature on the Earth’s surface
IV. Decreased temperature on the Earth’s surface
20
11. Which of the following statements is NOT a possible result of global warming?
A. increased acidic levels in rainfall C. the melting of the world’s ice cover
B. increased occurrence of flooding D. death of many aquatic animals
14. The gradual rise in the atmospheric temperature due to the increase in
greenhouse gases is known as _____.
A. climate change C. greenhouse effect
B. global warming D. ozone depletion
15. Why is the increase of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration in the atmosphere
an environmental problem?
A. It leads to more factories.
B. It can lead to a major increase in greenhouses.
C. It causes a major decrease in human population.
D. It causes climate change and increase in global temperature.
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Additional Activities
Materials:
Coloring materials Scissors
Paste/ Glue 1 Colored Paper
Pencil 5 long bond papers
6 Different sizes of circles (coin, round glass, plates or any round objects
that can be used to trace)
Procedure:
Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/XJPDi5XHsmC6juFAA
Figure 8. 3D Model of the Earth’s atmosphere
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Rubric for scoring the 3D Model of Earth’s Atmosphere:
Labels All the images are Not all images are No labels are seen
properly labeled. labeled. on the model.
Quality The model shows The model shows The model shows
careful work and thoughtful work. sloppy or hurried
attention to work.
details.
Creativity The model shows The model shows The model shows
excellent creativity average creativity in little creativity in
in design. design. design.
Neatness The model is neat The model has a few The model is untidy.
and clean. flaws.
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What I Have Learned What I can Do
1. troposphere 1 – 10. Students’
2. stratosphere answers may vary
3. mesosphere depending on their
4. thermosphere practices.
5. exosphere
15. D 10. B 5. D
6. solar radiation
14. B 9. D 4. B
7. greenhouse
13. D 8. D 3. C
gases
8. earth’s surface Lesson 2 12. D 7. D 2. B
9. infrared radiation What’s In 11. A 6. C 1. A
1. Thermosphere Assessment:
10. greenhouse
2. Stratosphere
effect
3. Mesosphere Lesson 2
Lesson 1 4. Exosphere What’s New
What’s More 5. Troposphere 1. Sun
1. decreases 2. Sun’s radiation
2. increases What’s More
3. Heat
3. decreases 1. Drought
4. increases 4. Gases
2. Flood
5. Earth’s surface
3. Melting of Ice
Lesson 1 6. Infrared radiation
4. Wildfire
What’s New 7. Atmosphere
1. Science Lesson 1
2. Atmosphere What’s In What I Know
3. Troposphere 1. X 1. B 6. D 11. D
4. Stratosphere 2. D 7. B 12. A
2.
5. Mesosphere 3. C 8. A 13. D
3.
6. Thermosphere 4. C 9. D 14. D
4.
7. Exosphere 5. X 5. D 10. B 15. B
Answer Key
References
BOOK
Asuncion, Alvie J., Catalan, Maria Helen D. H. Ph.D., Catris, Leticia V. Ph.D.,
Ferido, Marlene B. Ph.D., Gutierrez, Jacqueline Rose M., Mantala, Michael
Anthony B., Maramag, Cerilina M., Mejia, Ivy P., Obille, Eligio C.Jr., Reyes,
Risa L. Ph.D., Sebastian, Ma. Dulcelina O., Tan, Merle C. Ph.D., and Treves,
Rodolfo S. Ph.D. Science Grade-7 Learner’s Material. 2017. First Edition.
2nd Floor Dorm G, PSC Complex, Meralco Avenue. Pasig City, Philippines
1600: Department of Education, pp 235-237
Mejia, Ivy P., Obille, Eligio C. Jr.,Tan, Merle C. 2013. Science Grade-7 Learner's
Material. 2nd Floor Dorm G, PSC Complex, Meralco Avenue, Pasig City:
Departmnet of Education.pp 237-243
ELECTRONIC SOURCES
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n.a. 2020. iRubric: Science Project: Model and Presentation rubric. Accessed
June15,2020.https://www.rcampus.com/rubricshowc.cfm?sp=yes&code=VC
4AB9&
n.a. 2020. What causes the aurora borealis? Accessed July 27, 2020.
https://earthsky.org/earth/what-causes-the-aurora-borealis-or-northern-lights
n.a. June 25, 2009. Layers of the Atmosphere. Accessed July 28,2020.
https://www.weather.gov/jetstream/layers
n.a .2016. Climate Science Investigation-NASA. January 14. Accessed May 21,
2020. http://www.ces.fau.edu/nasa/module-2/atmosphere/earth.php.
Brown, Kirsten. 2020. What Kind of Footprint? Carbon Footprint. March 27.
Accessed May 24, 2020.
https://www.teachengineering.org/lessons/view/cub_footprint_lesson1.
Lallanila, Marc. 2018. LIVESCIENCE. March 08. Accessed June 08, 2020.
https://www.livescience.com/37743-greenhouse-effect.html.
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