DEPARTMENT OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT STUDIES & TECHNOLOGY

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONS.) CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY

INNOVATION PROJECT 1 (BCT 604)

TITLE: SAFETY (HOISTING AND RIGGING)

TASK 1

NAME: Sharifah Nur Atiqah Binti Syed Muzzafar Shah

MATRIC ID: 2020963365
CLASS: AP256 5A
PREPARED FOR: Profesor Madya Dr Siti Akhtar Binti Mahayu
TABLE OF CONTENT

CONTENTS PAGES
Table of Content i
List of Figures ii
1.0 Introduction 4
2.0 Various Innovation Approaches
2.1 Wire Rope 5
2.2 Chain Hoist 6
2.3 Mesh 7
2.4 Synthetic 8
3.0 Conclusion 9
References 10

i
LIST OF FIGURES PAGES
Figure 1 Wire Rope 5
Figure 2 Chain Hoist 6
Figure 3 Mesh 7
Figure 4 Synthetic 8

ii
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Innovation is crucial because it focuses about the use of current or fresh ideas for the
production and development of new services, systems, or goods, resulting in initial outcomes
with strong social or economic value that led to environmental problems and adapt with
existing and future technical environments (Mian et al., 2020). In terms of investment, wages,
and GDP contribution, the construction industry is widely regarded being one of the most
important in both developing and developed countries. As a result, the environmental effect
of the construction industry is expected to be significant, especially in terms of soil and
agricultural land degradation, woodland and wildland loss, air pollution, and water pollution
(Spence, 1995). Then there is the high-rise building. An urban structure is described as a high
building or a multistorey structure in which most residents rely on stairwells or lifts. The
construction of different residential group on the same plot of area. The term "urban area" or
"metropolitan area" applies to the region around a city that includes towns, villages, and
suburbs. It consists of residential, industrial, highways, bridges, and railways. Humans and
automobiles are more concentrated in urban areas. It would be impossible if the building site
has been in the city because there are so many issues that could arise during the development.
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a set of widely agreed aims that sought to
solve scientific and theoretical evidence that the world needs a more sustainable approach
(Mian et al., 2020). The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), also known as the Global
Goals, are a series of universally agreed-upon targets to stop starvation, secure all that makes
the world liveable, and assure that every people have peace and stability now and in the
future.
A construction site is a hazardous location and the contractors or persons involved would be
vulnerable to a multitude of safety risks and contagious diseases. Accidents and fatalities on
building sites continue to rise year after year due to a shortage of safety awareness for staff
and improper use of personal protective equipment. Before beginning any building project,
the far more critical concern is health and safety. Staff of building projects participate in a
range of tasks which may lead workers to a series of safety risks, such as dropping materials,
operating from rooftops, or scaffolding, and being exposed to huge construction machinery,
or Scaffolding, proximity to massive building tool, or the use of short-lived electrical circuits
while doing electrical apparatus in water environments are all risks. (Construction Safety |
Office of Environmental Health and Safety, 2021). Construction sites are hazardous areas,
and anyone on the job must be educated in safety precautions to avoid injuries that may
trigger injury or loss. Every part of a jobsite, including fall prevention safety to careful
scaffold installation, needs specifically defined requirements to be in place such that
employers' lives are not jeopardised. To promote a sense of construction site protection,
employees must be provided with appropriate equipment and a clean working environment.
Those who cannot get building site protection if they do not have the correct tool and there is
still the circumstances of getting injured if using the wrong tool (Arya Hojati, 2018). Injuries
and deaths in building accidents remain an impediment, clinging to the construction
industry's notorious status as the manufacturing industries liable for the most occupational
accidents by any other. As a result, improving building health and safety remains a critical
priority for all participants in the construction phase. To mitigate those hazards, safety
management is likely to consider all threats and incidents that can be reasonably predicted to
place project workers at risk. (Yousif Salam Saeed, 2017).

2.0 VARIOUS INNOVATION APPROACHES

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There are numerous of various innovation approaches in safety construction industry.

2.1 Wire Rope

Figure 1: Wire rope

Source: https://www.whitingcorp.com/wire-rope-safety/

Wire rope is an item that has many aspects and features where it can affect the
performance and work life. The wire rope also has a joint structure with several moving
parts where often it can operate to stabilize and move goods or loads. It is used in the
method of lifting and rigging production to connect to a crane or hook with the load and
lifting in a balanced state. For different aim, wire ropes are recommended for lifting
equipment. Its one-of-a-kind architecture is made up of several steel wires that shape
single string and are placed in a coiling fashion over a heart (What Is Wire Rope?
Understanding the Specifications and Construction, 2018). Strands are installed in layers
on ropes of Ordinary construction. Six wires are wrapped around a central wire to form
the simple seven-wire strand. A nineteen-wire strand is made by layering twelve wires
over a seven-wire strand. A 37-wire strand is formed by adding a third layer of eighteen
wires (HOISTING and RIGGING Safety Manual, n.d.). There are plenty benefits of using
wire rope for carry heavy loads and it ensures that the loaded object is safely moved.
Manual labour is not needed to lift the material. Using rope hoists to lift heavy weights
can guarantee that the items stay protected and unharmed during the operation
(advantagehoistpromo, 2012). The disadvantages include the possibility of bent cables,
rust, and bird caging. Wire rope stress malfunction when exposed to high loads over
minimal sheaves. In addition to the normal crown breaks, there are breaks in the valleys
of the strands triggered by overloading strand nicking. Mechanical damage caused by
rope motion throughout a sharp edge when loaded (HOISTING and RIGGING Safety
Manual, n.d.).

2.2 Chain hoist

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 Figure 2: Chain hoist
Source: https://www.seagullhoist.com

Chain hoists are among the most durable innovations for moving large objects
(advantagehoistpromo, 2012). Chain hoists are beneficial as they enable the load to be halted
and held steady at a certain time. Chain hoists qualify for accurate vertical positioning due to
their slow rate of movement. The chain hoist is the most often used device for moving loads
weighing up to tonnes. The mechanism is made up of two chains: the hand chain and the load
chain. Hand chains are especially helpful in remote areas in which an electric motor or other
forms of mechanical devices is not convenient. The pull added via the hand chain is
multiplied by more than 20 and transferred to the load chain. A load hook holds the load to be
lifted, while another hook at the top supports the process (vipul308, 2015). Chain hoists are
beneficial as they enable the load to be paused and held steady at any time. Chain hoists
qualify for accurate vertical positioning due to their slow rate of movement (HOISTING and
RIGGING Safety Manual, n.d.). A chain hoist is useful for lifting and transporting heavy
objects, but they are not intended to last forever. These devices are prone to wear and tear,
and with prolonged usage, they may fail. Instead of having to wait for a disaster, it is
important to recognise red flags of a crisis. Load drift is a typical chain hoist failure caused
by a failed brake line. Which causes a load to migrate over or more inches, which can have a
significant impact on production. It could be a simple repair, or it could be more extreme
(www.bilcogroup.com, 2021).

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2.3 Mesh

Figure 3: Metal mesh sling

Source: https://www.mazzellacompanies.com

High-tensile carbon, alloy, or stainless-steel wire mesh is used to make metal mesh
slings. These are highly defiant to scrape and cutting, but if there is just one broken wire in
the sling, the whole sling must be withdrawn from use (METAL MESH SLINGS WHAT IS A
METAL MESH SLING?, n.d.). Metal mesh slings are often used in metal -related jobs and
other sectors at which loads is hot, rough, or have a propensity to cut into softer synthetic
slings. Mesh sling is ideal for carrying hot or sharp-edged materials, like bar stock or plate
steel. Mesh slings need huge load bearing surfaces, where extremely boost load stabilization.
Tool stores and steel warehouses commonly have operation using mesh slings ((Hoisting &
Rigging, 2021). The benefits include the ability to guard against cutting, abrasion, and cutting
due to its high-strength and rugged nature. Perfect for high-heat operating conditions, such as
those used in metalworking. With its flexible construction and large bearing surface, it excels
at securely grasping erratic loads. The disadvantage is that if one wire breaks, the whole sling
must be withdrawn from work. Metal mesh slings able to sustain crumble wreck (Wire Mesh
Lifting Sling, 2019). Due to various their potential to be fixed and re-certified, metal mesh
slings are frequently favoured in harsh conditions. They both have weak stretch and a large
bearing surface area, allowing them to securely grip and retain a load while minimising load
impact (How to Inspect Your Metal Mesh Lifting Slings to ASME B30.9 Standards, 2018).
The issue with the metal mesh sling is a 25% decrease in wire diameter leading to abrasion or
a 15% decrease due to erosion, as well as mesh distortion, which creates a lack of durability
(Wire Mesh Lifting Sling, 2019).

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2.4 Synthetic

Figure 4: Synthetic
web sling
Source: https://www.hsewebsite.com

Nylon and polyester are the two fabrics used to make web synthetic slings. Nylon is
resistant to a wide range of alkalis, while polyester is resistant to a wide range of acids.
Synthetic slings are made of lightweight components, but they are durable enough to lift
heavy loads while protecting valuable and sensitive loads against damage and cracking. A
synthetic lifting sling will include the stability, strength, and protection you need to aid a
specialised load while lifting highly finished pieces or fragile materials. Because of the cheap
price and wide range of sizes, synthetic slings are widely used in construction and other
general sectors (Advantages and disadvantages of common lifting slings, 2020). The
advantages are that they are cheap and light, making them appealing to nearly every business
or lifting use. The drawbacks have a poor heat resistance and cannot be used in high-heat
applications. Some brands, though, offer exclusive high-heat resistance slings. Following
that, while choosing a synthetic sling for use in chemical applications, particular things need
to be considered. As for the issues, they are often more susceptible to environmental effects,
such as extremely high or extremely low temperatures, prolonged UV penetration, and
chemically active conditions. For instance, nylon and polyester react in different ways in
alkaline and acidic conditions. Synthetic slings are not quite as prone to cut and abrasion
injury like other equipment. They just are not as resistant to heat damage, but some vendors
produce slings that are specifically built to survive extreme heat. Finally, plastic slings
demand corner defender to help prevent shred and cuts (Pros and Cons of Different Kinds of
Synthetic Slings - American Cable & Rigging, 2020)

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3.0 CONCLUSION
Finally, technological, or robotic advancement is critical to industries such as
construction, manufacturing, robotics, oil, and gas, and so on. The construction industry's aim
is to have no industrial accidents, casualties, or fatalities. The lower the number of casualties,
the more popular the building industry would be. Since high-rise building development in
urban areas can cause multiple pollutions and issues, technology can now help construction
speed up and make the site safer. As the 17 interconnected targets must be accomplished by
2030, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) seek to stop starvation, preserve the earth,
and assure society love balance and growth. There is indeed a lot of competition in the
building sector that would make it a stronger industry. Wire rope is an invention that can be
used to lift heavy weights while keeping the products and materials secure. The chain hoist
aids in the lifting and transportation of large objects. Following that, metal mesh sling is ideal
for intense, high heat working conditions. A synthetic lifting sling can offer the stability,
weight, and support necessary to facilitate a specialised load. Among the best ways to reduce
accident rates is to ensure employees have knowledge of safety issues, expose them to those
matters, and find out ways to strengthen safety systems and problems that occur. In
conjunction to these measures, staff should have the right equipment, be well managed, be
innovative in seeking solutions to this problem, and be clear if such an issue does arise.

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REFERENCES

Advantages and disadvantages of common lifting slings. (2020). Nobles.com.au.

https://www.nobles.com.au/en-au/smarter-lifting/best-practice-guidelines/advantages-

and-disadvantages-of-common-lifting-slings

advantagehoistpromo. (2012). Why to Go for Rope Hoist: Advantages and Uses of Rope

Hoists. Slideshare.net. https://www.slideshare.net/advantagehoistpromo/why-to-go-for-

rope-hoist-advantages-and-uses-of-rope-hoists

advantagehoistpromo. (2012). Pros and cons of electric chain hoist. Slideshare.net.

https://www.slideshare.net/advantagehoistpromo/pros-and-cons-of-electric-chain-hoist-

15370936

Arya Hojati. (2018, December 12). eSUB. ESUB Construction Software.

https://esub.com/blog/improve-construction-site-safety/

Construction Safety | Office of Environmental Health and Safety. (2021). Princeton.edu.

https://ehs.princeton.edu/workplace-construction/construction-safety

HOISTING and RIGGING Safety Manual. (n.d.). Retrieved April 27, 2019, from

https://www.ihsa.ca/PDFs/Products/Id/M035.pdf

‌Hoisting & Rigging | Office of Environmental Health and Safety. (2021). Princeton.edu.
https://ehs.princeton.edu/workplace-construction/construction-safety/hoisting-rigging

How to Inspect Your Metal Mesh Lifting Slings to ASME B30.9 Standards. (2018, December

12). Mazzella Companies. https://www.mazzellacompanies.com/learning-center/how-

to-inspect-metal-mesh-slings-asme-b30-9/

‌ METAL MESH SLINGS WHAT IS A METAL MESH SLING? (n.d.).

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eshSlingsAtAGlance_0719.pdf

Pros and Cons of Different Kinds of Synthetic Slings - American Cable & Rigging. (2020,

January 22). American Cable & Rigging. https://americancablerigging.com/pros-and-

cons-of-different-kinds-of-synthetic-slings/

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What Is Wire Rope? Understanding the Specifications and Construction. (2018, February 6).

Mazzella Companies. https://www.mazzellacompanies.com/learning-center/what-is-

wire-rope-specifications-classifications-construction/

Wire Mesh Lifting Sling. (2019, September 17). Metal Wire Mesh Lifting Slings.

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slings

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‌ Yousif Salam Saeed. (2017, July 20). SAFETY MANAGEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION

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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319215798_SAFETY_MANAGEMENT_IN

_CONSTRUCTION_PROJECTS