UNSOLVED NUMERICAL PROBLEMS

1. A body moving with a speed of 36 km/h is brought to rest in 10 s. What is the negative acceleration and
the distance travelled by the body before coming to rest?

2. A train starts its journey from station F; accelerates at the rate of 2 m/s2, and reaches its maximum
speed in 10 s. It maintains this speed for 30 mm and retards uniformly to rest at the station Q after the
next 20 s. Calculate:
(a) The maximum speed of the train.
(b) Retardation
(c) The distance between stations P and Q.

3. A body travels 200 cm in the first 2 s and 220 cm in the next 5 s. Calculate the velocity at the end of the
seventh second from the start. (Ans. 2.22 m/s)

*4. Robbers in a car travelling at 20 m/s pass a policeman on a motorcycle at rest. The policeman
immediately starts chasing the robbers. The policeman accelerates at 3m/s 2 for 12 s and thereafter
travels at a constant velocity. Calculate the distance covered by the policeman before he overtakes the
car.

5. Interpret the velocity-time graphs (Figs 1.16 and 1.17)

Ans. No acceleration; uniform acceleration

Y Y

Q
P Q

P
O t X O t X
Fig. 1.16 Fig. 1.17

6. In Fig. 1.18 the position of a body at different times is shown. Calculate the speed of the body as it
moves from A to B, B to C and C to D.
Ans. 1 cm/s; 0; 2 cm/s

*7. A body is coming down an inclined plane with an acceleration of 1 m/s2. If it starts from rest, find the
time after which its velocity becomes 5 m/s.
Ans. 5s

8. The motion of a moving train has been depicted in Fig. 1.19. Find
(a) The average velocity of the train in time OA.
(b) The total distance covered by the train from 0 to D.
(c) The uniform acceleration and retardation of the train.
Ans. 6 m/s; 1860 m; 6 m/s, — 5 m/s2

1
Fig. 1.19

*9. A body is dropped from a balloon which is moving upward with a speed of 10 m/s. The body is dropped
when the balloon is at a height of 390 m from the surface of the earth. Find the approximate time taken
by the body to reach the surface of the earth. Take g = 10 m/s 2.
Ans. 10 s

10. If a force of 15 N acts on a body in the direction of north and another force of 10 N simultaneously acts
on it in the direction of south, what is the resultant force acting on the body?
Ans. 5N towards north

* 11. A body is moving with uniform acceleration, and describes 75 m in the 6th second and 115 m in the
11th second. Show that its moves 155 m during the 16th second.

12. (a) A body is dropped from the roof of a building 10 m high. Calculate the time of fall, and the speed
with which it hits the ground. Take g = 10 m/s2.
Ans. 1.4 s; 14 m/s

(b) A ball is thrown vertically upwards with a velocity of 20 m/s. How high did the ball go?
Take g = 9.8 m/s2.
Ans. 20.4 m

13. A bicycle moving with a velocity of 3 m/s speeds up with an acceleration of 0.5 m/s2. What will its
velocity be after 5 s and how far will it have moved during this time.
Ans. 5.5 m/s, 21.25 m

2
*14. A ball is thrown vertically upwards. It reaches its maximum height in 2.5 s. If the acceleration of the ball
10m/s2 be directed towards the ground, find the initial velocity of the ball.
Ans. 25 m/s

15. A scooterist is racing at a speed of 72 km/h. If the radius of the wheel is 20cm, find the angular speed of
the wheels.
Ans. 100 rad/s

* 16. A wooden slab, starting from rest, slides down an inclined plane of length 10m with an acceleration of
5 m/s. What would be its speed at the bottom of the inclined plane?
1
S = ´ a ´ t2
2
Hint :
1
10 = ´ 5 ´ t2
2

t = 2S
v = 0 + at
= 5 × 2 = 10 m/s

17. A train starting from rest and moving with a uniform acceleration attains a speed of 90 km/h in 5 mm.
Find (a) the acceleration and (b) the distance traversed.
Hint: u=0
90 ´ 1000
v= =25 m / s
3600

t = 300 s
u 25 1
= = =m / s 2
t 300 12
a=
S = at2
1 1 300 ´ 300
= ´ ´ km
2 12 1000

= 3.75km

*18. A person rows his boat in a stream with a speed of 2.0 m/s. Water in the stream is flowing
perpendicular to the direction of flow, find graphically his resultant velocity.
Ans. 2.5 m/s

19. A bus starting from rest moves with a uniform acceleration of 0.1 m/s2 for 2 mm. Find (a) the speed
acquired and (b) the distance travelled.
Hint : u=0
a = 0.1 m/s2
t = 60 × 2 s
v = at = 12 m/s
1 2
at =720 m
2
S=

*20. A train is travelling at 90 km/h. The brakes are applied so as to produce a uniform acceleration of - 0.5
m/s2. Find how far the train goes before it stops?
Hint : a = - 0.5 m/s2
90 ´ 1000
v= =25m / s
3600

v=0
S=?

3
 v 2 - u2
2´ a
We know, S =
02 - (25)2
2 ´ (- 0.5)
S=
625
=625 m
2 ´ 1/ 2
or S=
21. Find the initial velocity of a train which is stopped in 20 s by applying brakes. The retardation due to
brakes is 1.5 m/s2.
Hint: u=?
t = 20 s
v=0
a = - 1.5 m/s2
V = u + at
O = u - 1.5 × 20
= u - 30
u = 30 m/s

*22. A bullet leaves the barrel of a rifle with a speed of 300 m/s. If the length of the barrel is 0.9 m, at what
rate is the bullet accelerated while in the barrel?
Ans. 5 x 104 m/s2

23. A car travels a certain distance with a speed of 40 ms -1 and returns with a speed u. If the average
speed for the whole journey is 48 ms-1, what is the value of u?
Ans. 60 ms-1

24. An object of mass 0.5 kg is whirled at the end of a string 0.8 m long. If the string makes three
revolutions in 1.2 s, find the tension in the string.
Ans. 35.6 N

25. A body starts from rest and is found to cover 3 m during the 5th second of its motion. Find the
acceleration if it is uniformly accelerated.
Ans. 0.67 m/s2

*26. An aeroplane, taking off from a field, has a run of 500 m. What is the acceleration if it leaves the ground
in 10 s from the start? Also find the take off velocity.
Ans. 10 m/s2, 100 m/s

27. A train 50 m long passes over a bridge 250 m long at a velocity of 30 km/h. How long will it take to
completely pass over the bridge?
Ans. 36 s

28. A cyclist goes uphill at a speed of 8 km/h and downhill at a speed of 32 km/h. If the uphill and downhill
journeys involve the same distance, what is his average speed during the whole journey.
Ans. 12.8 km/h

*29. The figure given below is the distance-time graph of an object. Do you think it represents a real
situation? If so, why?
Ans. It does not represent a real situation.

4
30. Look at the graphs (a) to (d) in Fig. 1.21 carefully and state with reasons, which of these cannot
possibly represent one dimensional motion of a particle.
Hint: (a) it is not possible. A line drawn parallel to position-axis will cut the graph at P and Q corresponding to
x1 and x2 for the same time, which is absurd.
(b) It is not possible. Similarly, for the same time the particle cannot have two velocities v 1and v2.

(c) It is not possible because the speed can never be negative.

(d) It is not possible as the total path length travelled by the particle cannot decrease with
time.

*31. Represent graphically the motion of a body starting from rest

and moving with uniform acceleration both in terms of
velocity-time and displacement-time axes.

Hint:

5
*32. The position-time (x — t) graphs for two children A and B returning from their school 0 to their homes P
and Q respectively are shown in Fig. 1.24. Choose the correct entries in the brackets below:
(i) (A/B) lives closer to the school than (B/A).
(ii) (A/B) starts from the school earlier than (B/A).
(iii) A and B reach home at the (same/different) time.
(iv) (A/B) overtakes (B/A) on the road (once/twice).
(v) (A/B) walks faster than (B/A).
Hint:
(i) A lives closer to the school than B because P is close to 0 then Q.
(ii) A starts from the school earlier than B because A starts when t = 0.
(iii) A and B reach homes at different times (A reaches after t1 and B after t9).
(iv) As the two curves intersect at one point only, B overtakes A on the road once.
(v) Since the curve for B is steeper than for A, B walks faster than A.

33. Do the following two graphs represent same types of motion? Name the motion.
Ans. Both the graphs represent non-uniform motion

34. In case of uniform linear motion, what is the value of acceleration?

Ans. Zero

*35 Separate the vector and scalar quantities from the following: distance, velocity, dis- placement, speed.
Ans. distance and speed are scalar quantities

36. A body starts from rest, and moves along a straight line. It has uniformly accelerated motion upto time
t1. During the interval

t2 - t1, it moves with uniform velocity. After time t2 its motion is retarded, and it comes to rest at time t3.
Draw the velocity-time graph.
Hint: Refer to Fig. 1.26.

37. Mohen takes 15 minutes to go from his home to school and 30 minutes for the return journey. If the
distance between the school and the home is 4.5 km, what is his average velocity?

6
 Total displacement 0
Average velocity = = =0
Total time taken 45min
Hint:

*38. Read each statement below carefully, and state with reasons and examples if it is true or false. A
particle in one-dimensional motion
(a) with zero speed at an instant may have non-zero acceleration at that instant.
(b) with zero speed may have non-zero velocity.
(c) with constant speed must have zero acceleration.
(d) with positive value of acceleration must be speeding up.

Hint: (A) True (B) False (C) True (D) False

7
39. A car accelerates from rest at a constant rate ‘A’ for sometime, after which it retards at a constant rate
‘B’ to come to rest. If the total time lapse is T seconds, evaluate the maximum velocity reached and the
total distance travelled in terms of A, B and T.
Hint: Let us plot the given statement graphically.
Let t1 + t2 = T

V V
=A and =B, where V
t1 t2
is the maximum velocity
V V æ1 1 ö æA +B ö
+ =V ç + ÷=V ç ÷
A B èA B ø è AB ø
Or t1+t2 = T =

æA +B ö
V =ç T
è AB ÷ø
Or

D
Total distance travelled = Area under the v — t graph = Area of AMN

1 1
= (t1 +t 2 )V = TV
2 2

1 æAB ö 2
= ç ÷T
2 èA +B ø

ABT 2
2(A +B)
The required distance =

8
*40. A train starts from a station P with a uniform acceleration a1 for some distance and then goes with the
uniform retardation a2 for some more distance to come to rest at the station Q. The distance between
the stations P and Q is 4 km and the train takes 4 minutes to complete this journey. If the accelerations
are in km per minute2 unit,

1 1
+ =2
a1 a2
show that,

Solution Suppose the train moves from P to R with uniform acceleration a 1 and then from R to Q with
retardation a2.

Taking PR = S1 and RQ = S2 and t1, t2 be the times taken for these two parts respectively, we
can write,

S1 + S2 = 4 km

t1 + t2 = 4 min

For the part PR, we can write

æ0 +v ö
ç t
è 2 ÷ ø1
S1 = (i)

For the part RQ we can write

æV +0 ö
S1 =ç ÷t 2
è 2 ø
(ii)

From (i) and (ii) we have,

1
S1 +S2 = v ( t1 +t 2 )
2

1
4= v ´ 4
2
Or

Or V = 2 km/min

Also, v = 0 + a1t1 and 0 = v - a2t2

v v
and t 2 =
a1 a2
Or t1 =

2 2 1 1
+ =t1 +t 2 =4 or + =2
a1 a 2 a1 a 2

9
 1 1
+ =2
a1 a2
Thus, , which is the required relation.

10
*41. The speed of a train increases at a constant rate a from zero to v, and then remains constant for an
interval, and finally decreases to zero at a constant rate /3. If L be the total distance described, prove
that the total time taken is

L v æ1 1 ö
+ +
v 2 ç
èa b ÷
ø
.

Sol. The given problem can be graphically represented as shown below.

v v
a= or t1 =
t1 a

v v
b= or t3 =
t3 a

The distance (L) travelled by the train is equal to the area under the v - t graph on the time on the time-
axis.

D D
L = Area of OPM + Area MPQN + Area of NQR

1 1 æt +t ö
t1v + vt 2 + t 3 v = v ç 1 3 +t 2 ÷
2 2 è 2 ø
=

L t1 +t 3
= +t 2
v 2
Or

v æ1 1 ö
+
2çèa b ÷
ø
= + t2

Total time taken = (t1 + t3) + t2

æ1 1 ö éL v æ1 1 öù
v ç + ÷+ê - ç + ÷ú
èa b ø ëv 2 èa b øû
=

11
 L v æ1 1 ö
+ +
v 2çèa b ÷
ø
= [From (i)]

42. A body travels 2 m in the. 2nd second and 6 m in the next four seconds. What will be the distance
travelled in the 9dI second?
Ans. 12 cm

*43. A body travels 10 m in first three seconds and 15 m in the next four seconds. What is the velocity at the
end of 8th second?
Ans. 2.54 mc1

44. A body starts from rest and is uniformly accelerated. It travels a distance x in t s. Show that the distance
travelled in the tth second of its motion is
æ2 1 ö
S tth =ç - 2 ÷x
èt t ø

OBJECTIVE EVALUATION

I TRUE OR FALSE STATEMENTS

State whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F).

1. The distance travelled by a body starting from rest and moving with uniform acceleration is directly
proportional to the square of the time.

2. Motion of an object moving in a circle with constant speed is an example of accelerated motion.

*3. The graph between velocity and time for uniform acceleration is a curved line.

4. If acceleration is zero, the velocity is also zero.

5. Speed can be uniform even if velocity is not uniform.

6. SI unit of angular velocity is rad/s.

7. When a body starts moving from rest its initial velocity is zero.

*8. A body moves from P and Q with a certain velocity and returns from Q and P with the same velocity. Its
average velocity during the whole journey is zero.

9. Speed is a fundamental physical quantity.

10. SI unit for velocity is m/s.

11. SI unit for retardation is m/s2.

12. Vector quantities are those which are completely described by magnitude alone.

*13. Whenever a moving body is brought to rest its acceleration is always zero.

14. If a body goes from a certain point and comes back to the same point; its displacement is zero.

Total dis tance

Total time
15. Average speed =

12
16. The velocity of a body moving in a circle remains constant.

* 17. The distance travelled by a body, moving with uniform acceleration, is proportional to time.

18. The change of position of an object is called distance.

19. The units of speed and velocity are different.

20. Negative acceleration is called retardation.\

Answers
1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T 6. T
7. T 8. F 9. F 10. T 11. T 12. F
13. F 14. T 15. T 16. F 17. F 18. F
19.F 20.T

13
II FILL IN THE BLANKS

Fill in the blanks using suitable word(s):

1. Linear velocity = __________ x radius of the circle.

2. SI unit of angular velocity is __________ .

3. Displacement is a quantity. -

*4 Energy is a quantity.

5. Force is a physical quantity having magnitude and __________

6. A train is moving out of a railway station. Then the platform is at/in with respect to the train.

7. Distance travelled is always

*8. If the distance-time graph is a straight line, then the body has a __________ motion.

9. If the distance-time graph is curve, then the body has a _________- motion.

*10. Speed and velocity are expressed in __________ units.

11. Velocity of a body is its speed in a particular

12. The velocity of a body at any particular instant during its motion is called velocity.

13. When the velocity of a body decreases with time, its acceleration is __________

14. The uniform acceleration is also called __________ acceleration.

*15. If the acceleration of a body is —8.5 ms2, then its retardation is _________

16. A body falling freely under gravity has uniform __________

17. The velocity-time graph of a body having uniform acceleration is a __________

*18. When a body travels with uniform velocity, its acceleration is __________

19. The slope of distance against time is __________

20. One radian is equal to degrees.

Answers
1. Angular velocity 2. rad s-1 3. quantity 4. scalar
5. direction 6. motion 7. positivc 8. uniform
9. non-uniform 10. same 11. direction 12. instantaneous
13. negative 14. constant 15. 8.5 ms2 16. acceleration
17. straight line 18. zero 19. speed 20. 57.3

III MATCH THE ITEMS

Match the items of Column A with the corresponding items of Column B.
Column A Column B
(i) speed (a) radian per second
(ii) displacement (b) radian
(iii) retardation (c) metre
(iv) angular velocity (d) metre per second

14
 (v) angular displacement (e) metre per (second)2
Answers
(i) (d) (ii) (c) (iii) (e) (iv) (a) (v) (b)

IV MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Tick () the only correct choice amongst the following:

1. Unit of acceleration is
(A) m/s (B) ms (C) m/s2 (D) none of these

2. A body goes ft m A to B with a velocity of 20 m/s and comes back from B to A with a velocity of 30 m/s.
The average velocity of the body during the whole journey is
(A) zero (B) 24 M/s (C) 25 m/s (D) none of these

3. A body covers half the distance with a speed of 20 m/s and the other half with a speed of 30 m/s The
average velocity of the body during the whole journey is
(A) zero (B) 24 m/s (C) 25 m/s (D) none of these

*4. In the equation of motion, S = ut = 1/2 at2, S stands for

(A) distance in t seconds (B) maximum height reached
(C) distance in the tth second (D) none of these

5. Choose the wrong statement:

(A) Retardation is a vector quantity.
(B) Acceleration due to gravity is a vector quantity.
(C) Average speed is a vector quantity.
(D) Displacement is a vector quantity.

6. In the equation of motion, x = at + bt2, the units of a and b respectively are

(A) m/s2, m/s (B) m/s, m/s2 (C) m/s, m/s (D) none of these

7. A body is thrown up with an initial velocity u and covers a maximum height of h, then h is equal to
u2 u
2g 2g
(A) (B) (C) 2 ug (D) none of these
*8. The second’s hand of a watch is 2 cm long. The speed of the tip of this hand is
(A) 0.21 cm/s (B) 2.1 cm/s (C) 21.0 cm/s (D) none of these

9. A body is thrown vertically upwards and rises to a height of 10 m. The velocity with which the body was
thrown upwards is (g = 9.8 m/s2).
(A) 10 m/s (B) 20 m/s (C) 14m/s (D) none of these

10. In problem no. 9, the time taken by the body to reach the highest point is
(A) 1.43s (B) 4.1s (C) 1.24s (D) none of these

11. If the time-displacement graph of a particle is parallel to the time-axis, the velocity of the particle is
(A) infinity (B) unity
(C) equal to acceleration of the body (D) zero

* 12. Velocity-time graph AB (Fig. 1.29) shows that the body has
(A) a uniform acceleration
(B) a uniform retardation
(C) uniform speed
(D) initial velocity OA and is moving with uniform retardation

13. Velocity-time graph AB (Fig. 1.30) shows that the body has
(A) uniform acceleration
(B) uniform retardation
(C) uniform velocity throughout its motion and has zero initial velocity

15
 (D) none of these
* 14. The distance travelled by a freely falling body is propor tional to
(A) the mass of the body (B) the square of the acceleration due to gravity
(C) the square of the time of fall (D) the time of fall

15. The rate of change of displacement with time is

(A) speed (B) acceleration (C) retardation (D) velocity

16. A body strikes the floor vertically with a velocity u and rebounds at the same speed. The change in
velocity would be
(A) u (B) 2u (C) 3u (D) zero

*17. The moon is 4 x 108 m from the earth. A radar signal transmitted from the earth will reach the moon in
about
(A) 5.2s (B) 1.3s (C) 2.6s (D) 0.70s

18. A and B are arguing about uniform acceleration. A states that acceleration means “the longer you go.” B
states that acceleration means “the further you go.” who is right?
(A) A (B) B (C) both (D) none

*19. A particle experiences constant acceleration for 20 s after starting from rest. If it travels a distance X 1, in
the first 10s and distance X2, in the remaining 10s, then which of the following is true?
(A) X1 = 2X2 (B) X1 = X2 (C) X1 = 3X2 (D) none of these

20. If a trolley starts from rest with an acceleration of 2 mIs 2, the velocity of the body after 4s would be
(A) 2 m/s (B) 8 m/s (C) 4 m/s (D) 6 m/s

21. A train passes over a 400 m long bridge. If the speed of the train is 30 m/s and the train takes 20 s to
cross the bridge, find the length of the train.
(A) 400 M (B) 600 M (C) 800 M (D) 200 M

22. The SI unit for the average velocity is

(A) M/s (B) km/s (C) cm/s (D) mm/s

*23. The SI unit for the resultant velocity is

(A) m/s (B) km/s (C) cm/s (D) mm/s

24. A train 50 m long passes over a bridge at a velocity of 30 km/h. If it takes 36 s to cross the bridge, the
length the length of the bridge will be
(A) 100 m (B) 200 m (C) 250 m (D) 300 m

*25. The SI unit for angular velocity is

(A) m/s (B) rad (C) rad/s (D) m/rad

26. N kg-1 is NOT the unit of

(A) retardation (B) acceleration
(C) rate of change of velocity (D) all the above

27. A ball is thrown up with a certain velocity. It attains a height of 40 m and comes back to the thrower.
Then the
(A) total distance covered by it is 40 m
(B) total displacement covered by it is 80 m
(C) total displacement is zero
(D) total distance covered by it is zero

28. The acceleration of a body projected upwards with a certain velocity is

(A) 9.8 m/s2 (B) - 9.8m/s2 (C) zero (D) insufficient data

16
29. A driver is driving his car along a road is shown in Fig. 1.31. The driver makes sure that the
speedometer reads exactly 40 km/h. What happens to the speed of the car from P to Q?

(A) speed remains constant (B) speed first increases then decreases
(C) speed first decreases then increases (D) nothing can be decided

30. In the above question, what happens to the velocity of the car from P to Q?
(A) velocity remains constant (B) velocity first increases then decreases
(C) velocity first decreases then increases (D) nothing can be decided

31. In Question 29, the driver should say that

(A) the average speed is 40 km/h (B) the average velocity is 40 km/h
(C) the average speed is 80 km/h (D) the average velocity is 80 km/h

*32. A stone tied to a string is whirled in a circle. As it is revolving, the rope suddenly breaks. Then
(A) the stone files off tangentially (B) the stone moves radially inward
(C) the stone moves radially outward (D) the motion of the stone depends upon its velocity

33. In the following graph (Fig. 1.32) of displacement versus time,

(A) the body is at rest
(B) the body has some initial speed
(C) the body moves with constant speed
(D) the body moves with constant velocity

*34 Figure 1.33 shows the displacement-time graphs (a) and (b) for a body moving in a straight path drawn
on the same scales. Then
(A) slope of line in (a) is greater than the slope of line in (b)
(B) slope of line in (b) is greater than the slope of line in (a)
(C) slope of line in (a) is equal to the slope of line in (b)
(D) nothing can be said about the slopes

35. It follows from Question 34, that the velocity in case of (b) is
(A) more than the velocity in case of (a)
(B) less than the velocity in case of (a)
(C) equal to the velocity in case of (a)
(D) square of the velocity in case of (a)

36. In Fig. 1.34, BC represents a body moving

(A) backward with uniform velocity
(B) forward with uniform velocity
(C) backward with non-uniform velocity
(D) forward with non-uniform velocity

37. In Fig. 1.35, the velocity of the body at A is

(A) zero (B) unity
(C) maximum (D) infinite

17
38. In the above question, the velocity
(A) increases between point 0 and A (B) increases between point A and B
(C) decreases between points A and B (D) is zero throughout

39. A body moving along a circular path has

(A) a constant speed (B) a constant velocity
(C) no tangential velocity (D) no radial acceleration

40. In Fig. 1.36

(A) retardation is uniform
(B) velocity is decreasing with time
(C) beyond M, the body has negative velocity
(D) all the above are correct

41. P is moving in a straight line with uniform velocity. Q is moving in a straight line with steadily increasing
velocity.

Which of the following (Fig. 1.38) shows, Q’s apparent path w.r.t P?
(A) A (B) B (C) C (D) D

*42. The velocity of a particle increases from u to v in a time t during which it covers a distance S. If the
particle has a uniform acceleration, which one of the following equation does not apply to the motion?
v- u æ 1 ö
a= S =çu + at ÷t
t è 2 ø
(A) 2 S = (v +u) t (B) (C) v2 = u2 — 2 aS (D)
43. Which of the following (Fig.1.40) would probably show the velocity-time graph for a body whose
acceleration-time graph is shown in Fig. 1.39?

18
44. The velocity-time graph of a body falling from rest under gravity and rebounding from a solid surface is
represented by which of the graphs shown in Fig. 1.41?

*45• The unit for the rate of change of velocity will be

(A) m/s (b) m/s2 (C) Ns (d) N/s

46. The acceleration-time graph for a body is shown in Fig. 1.42. The most probable velocity-time graph for
the body is

47. A cyclist moves from a certain point X and goes round a circle of radius ‘r’ and reaches Y, exactly at the
other side of the point X, as shown in Fig. 1.44. The displacement of the cyclist would be
pr 2pr 2r 2p / r
A) (B) (C) (D)
(

48. In the above problem, the distance covered by the cyclist would be
pr 2pr 2p / r
(A) (B) (C) 2r (d)

49. Which of the following relation represents the relationship between the average speed, time and
distance correctly?
(A) Average speed = distance x time
total dis tance
total time
(B) Average speed =
(C) Time = average speed + distance
(D) Distance = average speed × (time)2

19
*50. When a graph between two physical quantities is a straight line, the two quantities are:
(A) both constant
(Bb) independent
(C) directly proportional
(D) inversely proportional

51. A body moving along a circular path, has

(A) constant speed
(B) constant velocity
(C) no radial acceleration
(D) no tangential velocity

*52. Area under a velocity-time graph gives

(A) the time taken by a moving object
(B) the distance travelled by a moving object
(C) the acceleration of moving object
(D) the retardation of a moving object

53. When the distance an object travels is directly proportional to the length of time, it is said to travel with
(A) constant speed (B) zero velocity
(C) constant acceleration (D) uniform velocity

54. Which of the following physical quantity is different from others?

(A) speed (B) distance (C) energy (D) average velocity

55. Which of the following physical quantity is different from others?

(A) displacement (B) velocity (C) force (D) kinetic energy

*56. The speed of a body describing its motion is

(A) direction (B) state (C) type (D) rapidity

57. Which of the following distance-time graph (Fig. 1.45) represents the accelerated motion of a body?

58. A body moves along the circumference of a circular track of radius R (Fig. 1.46). What is displacement
of the body when it covers 3/4th of its circumference?
3 3
pR pR 2R
4 2
(A) 3R (B) (C) (D)

20
59. Which of the following represents distance (S) - time (t) graph (Fig. 1.47) for a retarded motion?

60. A rubber ball dropped from a certain height is an example of

(A) uniform acceleration. (B) uniform retardation
(C) uniform speed (D) non - uniform speed

*61. If the velocity of a

body does not change, its
acceleration is
(A) zero (B)
infinite (C) unity
(D) none of
these

62. The velocity-time

graph for a body with non-
uniform motion is a
(A) straight line
(B)
straight line parallel to x-
axis
(C) straight line
parallel to y-axis (D)
curved line

*63. The ratio of SI units to

CGS units of retardation is
(A) 10-2 (B)
102 (C) 10
(D) 10-1

21
*64. The physical quantity corresponding to the rate of change of displacement is
(A) speed (B) velocity (C) acceleration (D) retardation

65. The velocity of a body at rest is always

(A) unity (B) negative (C) zero (D) infinite

66. When the distance an object travels is directly proportional to the length of time, it is said to travel with
(A) zero velocity (B) constant speed
(C) constant acceleration (D) uniform velocity

67. In the following speed-time graph, the shaded portion gives

(A) distance travelled (B) average speed
(C) average velocity (D) displacement travelled

68. A car increases its speed from 20 km/h to 50 km/h in 10 seconds. Its acceleration is
(A) 30 ms-2 (B) 3 ms-2 (C) 18 ms-2 (D) none of these

*69. A body whose speed in a particular direction is constant

(A) must be accelerated (B) might be accelerated
(C) has a constant velocity (D) cannot be accelerated

*70. A body has an acceleration of - 4 ms-2. What is its retardation?

(A) - 4ms2 (B) 4 ms-2 (C) zero (D) nothing can be decided

*69. A body whose speed in a particular direction is constant

(A) must be accelerated (B) might be accelerated
(C) has a constant velocity (D) cannot be accelerated

*70. A body has an acceleration of -4 ms-2. What is its retardation?

(A) - 4ms2 (B) 4 ms-2 (C) zero (D) nothing can be decided

FORCE AND NEWTON'S LAWS

UNSOLVED NUMBERICAL PROBLEMS

1. How much force is needed to accelerate a trolley of mass 20 g through 1 m/s 2?

Ans. 2 x 10-2 N

2. A force of 100 N acts on a mass of 25 kg for 5 s. What velocity does it generate ?

Ans. 20 M/s

3. A bullet leaves a rifle with a velocity of 100 m/s and the rifle (mass = 2.5 kg) recoils with a velocity of 1
m/s. Find the mass of the bullet.
Ans. 0.25 kg

4. A certain force acting on a mass of 15 kg for 3 s, gives it a velocity of 2 m/s. Find the magnitude of the
force.
Ans. 10 N

*5 A cricket ball of mass 0.15 kg is moving with a velocity of 1.2 m/s. Find the impulse on the ball and the
average force applied by the player if he is able to stop the ball in 0.18s.
Ans. 0.l8Ns,— 1 N s

6. A motor car of mass 2000 kg is moving with a certain velocity. It is brought to rest by the application of
brakes, within a distance of 20 m when the averag resistance being offered to it is 5000 N. What was
the velocity of the motor car?

22
Ans. 10 m/s

7. A body of mass 0.5 kg undergoes a change in velocity of 4 cm/s in 4 s. What is the force acting on it?
Ans. 5 x 10-3 N

8. A force of 8 N acting on an 8 kg mass for 4 s provides it some velocity. Calculate the velocity.
Ans. 4 m/s

9. What would be the weight of a body of mass 50 kg on the surface of the moon, where g = 1.6 m/s2?
What would be its mass?
Ans. 80 N, 50 kg

*10. A boy jumps a distance of 2 m on the surface of the earth. What distance will he jump on the surface of
the moon, where g is of its value on the surface of the earth?
Ans. 12 m

11. Two bodies of mass 1 kg and 2 kg respectively moving in the directions opposite to each other with a
speed 5 m/s collide. Calculate the total momentum of the system before collision.
Ans. - 4 kg m/s

12. A bullet of mass 15 g leaves the barrel of a gun with a velocity of 120 m/s. The gun recoils with a
velocity of 1 m/s. The gun recoils with a velocity of 1 m/s. Find the mass of the gun.
Ans. 1.8 kg

13. A force of 3 N acts on a mass of 0.5 kg at rest for 10 s. Find the final velocity and the momentum of the
body after 10 s.
Ans. 60 m/s, 30 kg m/s

* 14. A force of 80 N acting on a certain mass for 3.0 s gives it a velocity of 6.0 m/s. Find the mass of the
body if the body was initially at rest.
Ans. 40 kg

15. A toy of mass 0.1 kg acquires a speed of 5.0 m/s when pushed forward. What is the
impulse given to the toy?
Ans. 5.0 N

16. A projectile weighing 200 kg is fired from a gun with a velocity of 500 m/s. If the velocity of recoil of the
gun is 12.5 m/s, calculate the mass of the gun.
Ans. 8000 kg

17. A car of mass 2500 kg accelerates at the rate of 4.0 m/s2 and then at the rate of 16 m/s2. Calculate the
ratio of the forces exerted by the engine in the two cases.
Ans. 1/4

23
 a a

7 kg

12 kg
F ig . 2 .1 1
*18. Two masses 7 kg and 12 kg are connected at the two ends of a light
inextensible string that passes over a frictionless pulley as shown in Fig. 2.11. Find the acceleration of
the masses and the tension in the string when the masses are released.
Ans. 2.58 ms2, 86.6 N

19. A 10g bullet is shot from a 10 kg gun with a velocity of 400 ms* What is the velocity of recoil of the
gun?
Ans. - 0.4 ms

*20 A hunter has a machine gun that can fire 50 g bullets with a velocity of 75 ms* A 60 kg tiger springs at
him with a velocity of 10 ms1. How many bullets must the hunter fire per second into the tiger in order
to stop him in his track?
Ans. 160

21. A shall of mass 0.02 kg is fired by a gun of mass 100 kg. If the muzzle speed of the shell is 80ms, what
is the recoil speed of the gun?
Ans. - 0.016 ms-1

22. A rocket with a lift off mass 20000 kg is blasted upwards with a net acceleration of 5 ms -2. Calculate the
initial thrust of the blast.
Ans. 2.96 x 105 N

OBJECTIVE EVALUATION

I TRUE OR FALSE STATEMENTS

State whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F):

1. Force may or may not produce any motion in a body.

2. Action and reaction act on the same body.

3. 1N = 1kg x m/s2

24
4. The SI unit for impulse is kg m/s.

5. Impulse represents the rate of change of momentum of a body.

*6. Momentum is a vector quantity

7. 1 N is that force which produces an acceleration of 1 m/s 2 in a body of mass 1 g.

8. In the game of carrom, we use powder to decrease friction.

9. In any interaction there are always at least two forces in play.

10. The force of friction is smaller in solids than in liquids.

11. The first law of motion is also known as Galileo’s law of inertia.

* 12. A ball thrown upwards in a running train continues to move along the train due to inertia of motion.

13. Balanced forces do not change the speed of the body.

14. Impulse is a scalar quantity.

15. If the resultant of forces is zero, they are said to be balanced.

ANSWERS
Q. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans. T F T F F T F T T F
Q. 11 12 13 14 15
Ans. T T T F T

II FILL IN THE BLANKS

Fill in the following blanks with suitable word (s):

1. Dyne is the C.G.S. unit of _________

2. 1 new ton is that force which produces an acceleration of _______ in a body of mass 1 kg.

*3• The passengers in a bus tend to fall ___________ when it starts suddenly.

4. A heavier body has more __________ than a lighter body.

5. The unbalanced forces acting on a body produce in it.

6. The single force which acts on a body to produce the same effect in it as is done by all the forces
together is known as ___________ force.

7. A body is said to be under balanced forces when the resultant force acting on the body is __________

*8. Force has __________ and direction.

9. Newton’s first law of inertia is also known as Galileo’s law of __________

10. The SI unit of momentum is _________

11. To every action there is an equal and _________ reaction.

12. Action and reaction always act on __________ bodies.

25
13. Ns is the SI unit of __________

*14. Friction is a self adjusting

15. Kg wt is the gravitational unit of __________

ANSWERS
1. force 2. 1ms-2 3. backward 4. inertia 5. motion 6. resultant
7. zero 8. magnitude 9. inertia 10. kg ms-1 11. opposite 12. different
13. impulse 14. force 15. Force

III MATCH THE ITEMS

Match the items of Column A with the corresponding items of Column B.

Column A Column B

(i) change in momentum (a) m-1

(ii) resultant force (b) ms-2
(iii) impulse (c) no unit
(iv) acceleration (d) N
(v) change in velocity (e) N s
(vi) inertia (f) kg ins1

Answers
(i) (f) (ii) (d) (iii) (c) (iv) (b) (v) (a) (vi) (c)

IV MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Tick () the only correct choice amongst the following:

1. The product of force and time is called

(A) thrust (B) impulse (c) pressure (d) none of these

2. Choose the wrong statement:

(A) 1kg wt = 9.8N
(B) Momentum is awector quantity.
(C) Force is always conserved.
(D) Momentum is conserved in the absence of an external force.

*3. A long-jumper runs before jumping because

(A) he covers a greater distance
(B) he maintains momentum conservation
(C) he gains energy by running
(d) he gains momentum

4. Two unequal masses (m1 and m2) are connected by a string which passes over a frictionless pulley
(Fig. 2.12). If m1, m2 and the table are frictionless, the acceleration of the masses would be

26
 M1g M1 +M2 M2 g
M1 +M2 M1g M1 +M2
(A) (B) (C) (D) None of these

5. The weight of a body would not be zero

(A) at the centre of the earth (B) during a free fall
(C) in interplanetary space (D) on a frictionless surface

6. An iron ball and a wooden ball of the same radius are released from a height H in vacuum. The time
taken by both of them to reach the ground are
(A) roughly equal (B) unequal
(C) exactly equal (D) in the inverse ratio of the their diameters

7. A man is standing on a boat in still water. If he walks towards the shore the boat will
(A) move away from the shore (b) remain stationary
(c) move towards the shore (d) sink

*8. During a planned manoeuvre in a space flight, a free-floating astronaut A pushes another free-floating
astronaut B, the mass of A being greater than that of B. Then, the magnitude of the force exerted by
astronaut A on astronaut B is
(A) equal to zero
(B) equal to the force exerted by B on A
(C) greater than the force exerted by B on A
(d) less than the force exerted by B on A

9. In the above problem, during a push

(A) the acceleration of A is greater than that of B
(B) the acceleration of A is less than that of B
(C) neither is accelerated
(D) their accelerations are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction

* 10. A bullet of mass A and velocity B is fired into a block of wood of mass C. If loss of any mass and friction
be neglected, the velocity of the system must be
AB A +C AC A +B
A +C B +C B +C AC
(A) (B) (C) (D)

11. A single horizontal force F is applied to a block of mass M, which is in contact with another block of
mass M (Fig. 2.13). If the surfaces are frictionless, the force between the blocks is

27
 M1F M1M2 M2F
M2 M1 +M2 M1 +M2
(A) (B) (C) (D) none of these

* 12. A driver accelerates his car first at the rate of 1.8 m/s 2 and then at the rate of 1.2 m/s 2. The ratio of the
forces exerted by the engines will be respectively equal to
(A) 2 : 3 (B) 1: 2 (C) 2 : 1 (D) 3 : 2

13. A body of mass 5 kg undergoes a change in speed from 30 to 40 m/s. Its momentum would increase by
(A) 50 kg m/s (B) 75 kg m/s (C) 150 kg m/s (d) 350 kg m/s

14. The force needed to produce an acceleration of 6 m/s2 in a ball of mass 4 kg will be
(A) 24 N (B) 30 N (C) 32 N (D) 36 N

15. A body of mass 5 kg undergoes a change in speed from 20 to 0.20 m/s. The momentum of the body
would
(A) increase by 99 kg m/s (B) decrease by 99 kg m/s
(C) increase by 101 kg m/s (D) decrease by 101 kg m/s

*16. A bullet of mass 0.01 kg is fired from a gun weighing 5.0 kg. If the initial speed of the bullet is 250 mis,
calculate the speed with which the gun recoils.
(A) – 0.50 m/s (B) + 0.05 m/s (C) – 0.25 m/s (D) + 0.25 m/s

17. A body of mass 100 g is moving with a velocity of 15 rn/s. The momentum associated with the ball will
be
(A) 1.5 kg m/s2 (B) 1.5 kg m/s (C) 2.5 kg m/s (D) 3.2 N s

18. A number of discs, each of momentum M kg m/s are striking a wall at the rate of n discs per minute.
The force associated with these discs, in newton, would be
Mn M N
60 60n 60M
(A) (B) 60 Mn (C) (D)
20. If action and reaction were to act on the same body,
(A) the resultant would not be zero (B) the body would not move at all
(C) both (a) and (b) are correct (D) neither (a) nor (b) is correct

*21. A stationary ball weighing 0.25 kg acquires a speed of 10 m/s when hit by a hockey stick. The impulse
imparted to the ball is
(A) 2.5 N s (B) 2.0 N s (C) 1.5 N s (D) 0.5 N s

28
22. A stone is tied to the middle of a string and suspended from one end as shown in
Fig. 2.14. Here S is the stone and 0 is the point of suspension. If you give a sharp
jerk at P, the string will break
(A) below the stone (B) at the point P itself
(C) from above the stone (D) nothing can be decided

23. In the above problem, if we increase the pull at P gradually, the string will break
(A) below the stone (B) at the point P itself
(C) from above the stone (D) nothing can be decided

24. The above problem can be explained on the basis of the property of
(A) inertia (B) force (C) momentum (D) torque

*25. The combined effect of mass and velocity is taken into account by a physical
quantity called
(A) torque (B) moment of force
(C) momentum (D) moment of momentum

26. Momentum is a measure of

(A) weight (B) mass (C) quantity of motion (D) velocity

27. Momentum has the same units as that of

(A) impulse (B) torque (C) moment of momentum (d) couple

*28. Consider two spring balances hooked as shown in Fig. 2.15. We pull them in opposite directions. If the
reading shown by A is 1.5 N, the reading shown by B will be
(A) 1.5 N (B) 2.5 N (C) 3.0 N (D) zero

29. A hammer weighing 3 kg, moving with a velocity of 10 m/s, strikes against the head of a spike and
drives it into a block of wood. If the hammer comes to rest in 0.025 s, the impulse associated with the
ball will be
(A) 30 N s (B) – 30 N s (C) 15 N s (D) – 15 N s

30. In the above problem, the average retarding force acting on the spike will be
(A) 600 N (B) – 600 N (C) 1200 N (D) — 1200 N

31. In a tug-of-war between the teams A and B, the rope breaks at a point which is nearer to A. Then
(A) A has applied more force (B) B has applied more force
(C) A and B both have applied same force (D) none has applied any force

*32. A rocket works on the

(A) first law of motion (B) third law of motion
(B) second law of motion (D) law of conservation of energy

33. A metallic ball strikes a wall and falls down whereas a tennis ball having the same mass and velocity
bounces back. The reason for this is that
(A) both suffer equal change in momentum
(B) the tennis ball suffers a greater change in momentum
(C) metallic ball suffers a grater change in momentum
(D) the momentum of the tennis ball is less than that of the metallic ball.

29
*34. Kg ms-1 is same as
(A) N (B) NS (C) NS-2 (D) Ns-3
35. If you are asked to push an object so that the acceleration produced in it is now twice as before, then
the force required will be
(A) twice as before (B) half as before (C) same as before (D) four times as before

36. It is difficult to walk on ice because of

(A) absence of friction (B) absence of inertia (C) more inertia (D) more friction

37. The law which defines force is

(A) Newton’s third law of motion (B) Newton’s first law of motion
(C) Newton’s second law of motion (D) Newton’s law of gravitation

38. The law which gives a quantitative

(A) Newton’s third law of motion
(B) Newton’s first law of motion
(C) Newton’s first law of motion
(D) Newton’s law of gravitation measurement of force is

39. Internal forces

(A) are always balanced forces (B) never balanced forces
(C) (c) may or may not be balanced (D) none of these

*40. External forces

(A) are always balanced (B) never balanced
(C) may or may not be balanced (D) none of these

*41. The ratio of SI unit to CGS unit of force is

(A) 10-5 (B) 103 (C) 10-3 (D) 105
42. A and B are two objects with mass 6 kg and 34 kg respectively.
(A) A has more inertia than B (B) B has more inertia than A
(C) A and B both have same inertia (D) none of the above is true

43. Which of the following class of force is different from others?

(A) pulling of a cart (B) stretching of a coiled spring
(C) kicking of a football (D) electrical force

*44. Which of the following class of force is different from others?

(A) magnetic force (B) electrical force
(C) gravitational force (D) stretching of a spring

45. A body is said to be unier balanced forces when th resultant force acting on the body is
(A) unity (B) zero (C) infinite (D) none of these

*46. P and Q are two object with masses 5 kg and 30 kg respectively. Then
(A) P has more inertia than Q (B) Q has more inertia than P
(C) P and Q have the same inertia (D) neither P nor Q has any inertia.

47. The ratio of SI unit to CGS unit of momentum is

(A) 103 (B) 105 (C) 10-5 (D) 102

48. Which of the following represents the SI unit of force?

(A) dyne (B) gram-weight (C) newton (D) kilogram-weight

49. 1 dyne is equal to

1
g wt
981
(A) 981 g wt (B) (C) 981 kg wt (D) none of these

30
*50. When an object undergoes acceleration
(A) its speed always increases (B) its velocity always increases
(C) it always falls towards the earth (D) a force always acts on it

51. A force acts on an object which is free to move. If we know the magnitude of the force and the mass of
the object, newton’s 2nd law of motion enables us to determine the object’s
(A) weight (B) speed (C) acceleration (D) position

52. When a force of 1 newton acts on a mass of 1 kg that is able to move freely, the object moves with an
(A) speed of 1ms-1 (B) acceleration of 1 ms-2
-1
(C) speed of 1 kms (D) accelerations of 10 ms-2

*53. When a net force acts on an object, the object will be accelerated in the direction of the force with an
acceleration proportional to the
(A) force on the object (B) velocity of the object
(C) mass of the object (D) inertia of the object

*54. Newton used the phrase ‘quantity of motion’ for

(A) momentum (B) force
(C) acceleration due to gravity (D) none of these

55. The effect of an impulse force on the body is measured only in terms of its
(A) force (B) moment of momentum (C) impulse (D) none of these

56. kg ms-1 is the SI unit of

(A) impulse (B) force (C) angular velocity (D) none of these

*57. The gravitational unit of force in the metric system is

(A) g wt (B) N (C) kg wt (D) none of these

*58. Galileo’s law of inertia is another name for newton’s law of motion.
(A) first (B) second (C) third (D) any one of the above

59. Frictional force can’t be measured in

(A) kg wt (B) newton (C) dyne (D) kg ms-1
60. Time rate of change of linear momentum is called
(A) pressure (B) impulse (C) force (D) none of these

61. Friction is a/an

(A) self-adjusting force (B) necessary evil
(C) important force in daily life (D) all the above are wrong

62. Three equal weights of mass 2 kg each are hanging on a string passing over a fixed pulley as shown in
the figure 2.16. The tension in the string connecting the weights B and C is about
(A) zero (B) 13N (C) 3.3 N (D) 19.6 N

63. Two skaters A and B of mass 50 kg and 70 kg respectively stand facing each other 6 metres apart.
They then pull on a light rope stretched between them. How far has each moved when they meet?
(A) Both have moved 3 metres
(B) A moves 2.5 metres and B moves 3.5 metres
(C) A moves 3.5 metres and B moves 2.5 metres
(D) A moves 2 metres and B moves 4 metres

*64. A cannon after firing recoils due to

(A) conservation of energy (B) backward thrust of gases produced
(C) Newton’s 1st law of motion (D) Newton’s 3rd law of motion

31
*65. A man of weight W is standing on a lift which is moving upward with an acceleration
a. The apparent weight of the man is
æ aö æ aö æ a2 ö
ç1+ W ç1 - ÷ W ç1 - 2 ÷
è g÷ø è gø è g ø
(A) (B) W (C) (D)
66. You are marooned on a frictionless horizontal surface and cannot exert any horizontal force by pushing
against the surface. How can you get off?
(A) by jumping (B) by spitting or sneezing
(C) by rolling you body on the surface (D) by running on the plane

67. A body of mass M collides against a wall with velocity V and rebounds with the same speed. Its change
in momentum is
(A) zero (B) MV (C) -2 MV (D) – MV

*68. A machine gun fires n bullets per second and the mass of each bullet is m. If the speed of bullets is v,
then the force exerted on the machine gun is
mnv
g
(A) mng (B) mnv (C) mnvg (D)
69. A bullet in motion hits and gets embedded in a solid resting on a frictionless table. What is conserved?
(A) momentum and kinetic energy (B) momentum alone
(C) kinetic energy alone (D) neither momentum nor kinetic energy

*70. A diwali rocket is ejecting 0.05 kg of gases per second at a velocity of 400 ms -1. The accelerating force
on the rocket is
(A) 20 dynes (B) 20 newton (C) 20 kg wt (D) sufficient data not given

71. A man sitting in a train in motion is facing the engine. He losses a coin up, the coin falls behind him.
The train is moving
(A) forward with uniform speed (B) backward with uniform speed
(C) forward with acceleration (D) forward with deceleration

72. A monkey is at rest on a weightless rope which goes over a pulley and is tied to a bunch of bananas at
the other end. The weight of the bunch of bananas is exactly the same as that of the monkey. The
pulley is frictionless and weightless. The monkey starts to climb up the rope to reach the bananas. As
he climbs, the distance between him and the bananas will
(A) decrease (B) increase
(C) first decrease and then increase (D) remain unchanged

*73. A stretching force of 100 N is applied at one end of a spring balance and an equal stretching force is
applied at the other end at the same time. The reading on the balance will be

(A) 200 N (B) 100 N (C) 400 N (D) zero

32
74. The masses of 10 kg and 20 kg respectively are connected by a massless spring. A force of 200 N acts
on the 200 kg mass. At the instant shown, the 10 kg mass has an acceleration of 12 ms2, what is the
acceleration of 20 kg mass?
(A) 12 ms-2 (B) 4 ms-2 (C) 10 ms-2 (D) zero

*75 Physical independence of force is a consequence of

(A) First law of motion (B) Second law of motion
(C) Third law of motion (D) All of these laws
Answers

Q. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Ans. B C D A D C A B B A

Q. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Ans. C D A A B B B A A B

Q. 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Ans. A A C A C C A A B D

Q. 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

Ans. A C B B A A B C A A

Q. 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

Ans. D B D D B B B C B B

Q. 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

Ans. C B A A C A C A D C

Q. 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

Ans. A, B, C B C D A B C B B B

Q. 71 72 73 74 75

Ans. C D B B A

GRAVITATION

UNSOLVED NUMERICAL PROBLEMS

1. The value of the force of gravity on a boy of mass 40 kg was found to be 2400 N.
Using Me = 6 x 1024 kg and Re = 6.4 x106 m, find the value of G.
Ans. 6.67 x 1011 Nm2/kg2

33
2. Compute the force of gravity on a body of mass 80 kg lying on the surface of the earth. Given mass of
the earth 6 x kg, radius of the earth C.4 x 106 m and
G = 6.67 x 1011 Nm2/kg2.
Ans. g = 9.77 m/s2, 781.6 N

3. Calculate the value of acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the moon (mass of moon
= 7.4 x 1022 kg, radius of moon = 1740 km, G = 6.673 x 10-11 Nm2/kg2
Ans. 1.63 m2/s

4. Calculate the mass of the earth. Given g = 9.8 m/s2 , Re = 6370 km and G = 6.67 × 10-11 Nm2/kg2.
Ans. 5.96×1024 kg

*5. If gmoon/gearth = 1/6, what height will a man of 60 kg jump safely on the moon, if he jumps 1.5 m on the
earth.
Ans. 9m

6. A force 20 N acts on a body whose mass is 9.8 kg. What is its acceleration?
Ans. 2.04 m/s2

7. A force of 2 kg wt acts on a body of mass 4.9 kg. Calculate the acceleration. (g = 9.8 m/s)
Ans. 4.0 m/s2

8. A ball dropped from a balloon at rest clears a tower 81 m high during the last body when it reaches the
ground.
Ans. 2684.2 m, 324.38 m/s

9. A ball is dropped from a height of 1 m. How long does it take for the ball to reach the ground? With what
speed does it hit the ground?
Ans. 0.45 s, 4.4 m/s

10. Calculate the vertical distance through which the moon falls in 2 days.
Ans. 40642 km

11. The earth’s gravitational force causes an acceleration of 5.5 m/s 2 in a 2 kg mass somewhere in space.
How much would the acceleration of a 3 kg mass be at the same place?

12. What is the vertical distance travelled by a projectile in time t when thrown parallel to the ground? Does
it depend upon the speed with which the object is thrown?
1 2
gt
2
Ans. , no

13. The value of G is 6.67 × 10-11 Nm2 kg -2 write down its value in CGS units.
Ans. 6.67 × 10-8 dyne cm2 g-2

14. What do you mean by apparent weight? What is the apparent weight of a body during free fall?
Ans. Zero

15. What is the mass of an object whose weight is 98 N?

Ans. 10 kg

16. A ball is dropped from a height of 1 m from the earth’s surface. How much time would it take to reach
the ground? With what speed does it hit the ground?
Ans. 0.45s, 4.4 ms-1

17. The value of g on the moon is 1.62 ms -2 . If G = 6.67 × 10-11 Nm2 kg-2 and radius of the moon is 1.74 ×
106 m, what is the mass of the moon?
Ans. 7.35 × 1022 kg

34
18. What is the distance between two bodies each of mass 2kg so that the gravitational force between
them is 1 N? Use the standard data.
Ans. 1.63 × 10-5 m

19. The gravitational force between two objects is 4 N. What will be the force between them if the distance
between them gets doubled?
Ans. 1N

20. Use the standard given data to prove that

gearth
=6
gmoon

Given: G = 6.67 × 10-11 SI units

Mmoon 7.4 × 1022 kg
Rmoon = 1.75 × 106 m

21. What is the value of g on the surface of the sun?

Mass of the sun = 1.99 × 1030 kg
Radius of the sun = 6.96 × 108 m

22. A body is taken to a height R e above the surface of the earth, where R e is radius of the earth. What is
the value of acceleration due to gravity at R e?
Ans. 2.45 ms-2
OBJECTIVE EVALUATION

1. TRUE OR FALSE STATEMENTS

State whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F):

1. Acceleration due to gravity depends upon the mass of body.

2. Mass is measured by spring balance.

3. Projectile is a body which moves in space without any fuel or propulsion.

4. G and g are same.

*5 Weight of body is given by, W = m xg.

6. Bodies falling freely under gravity have no weight.

7. The value of C depends upon the mass of two objects.

8. If a spring balance, holding a heavy object is released, it will read zero weight.

9. The value of C is high if the radius of the body is more and less if radius is less.

*10. The gravitational force between two bodies changes if a material body is placed between them.

11. The acceleration of a body thrown up is numerically the same as the acceleration of a downward falling
body but opposite in sign.

12. The value of g is zero at the centre of the earth.

*13. All objects attract each other along the line joining their centre of mass.

14. The atmosphere is not separated from the surface of the earth due to Coulombian force of attraction.

35
 M
G
R2
15. Acceleration due to gravity, g = , where symbols have their usual meanings.

Answer

Q. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
II FILL
Ans. F F T F T T F T F T

Q 11 12 13 14 15

Ans. T T T F T

IN THE BLANKS

Fill in the following blanks using suitable word(s):

1. Weight is a _____________ quantity.

2. 1 kg wt = _________________ N.

*3 The weight of a body is the __________ with which it is attracted towards the earth.

4. A body would weigh___________ at the top of a mountain than at its base.

5. The weight of a body becomes __________ at the centre of the earth.

6. The value of g on earth is __________ at the poles and __________ at the equator.

7. Nm2 kg-2 is the SI unit of _________

*8. Gravitational force is an __________ force.

9. When the distance between particles is halved, the gravitational force becomes
_________ the two.

10. The law of gravitation was given by_________

11. Weight is measured by a __________ balance.

12. The gravitational force which acts on a mass of 1 kg is ________

13. If the weight of an object is 49 N, its mass is ___________

14. The apparent weight of a body during free fall is __________

15. The horizontal distance travelled by a projectile is called its ___________

Answer
(1) Vector (2) 9.8 (3) Force (4) Less
(5) Zero (6) Maximum (7) G or gravitational constant
(8) action - at - a distance (9) Four times
(10) Newton (11) spring (12) 9.8 N (13) 5 kg
(14) Zero (15) Range

III MATCH THE ITEMS

36
 Match the terms of Column A with the corresponding items of Column B

Column A Column B
(i) Gravitational intensity (a) kg
(ii) Gravitational force (b) no unit
(iii) Gravitational constant (c) n kg-1
(iv) Gravitational field (d) N
(v) Gravitational mass (e) Nm2 kg-2
Answers
(i) (c) (ii) (d) (iii) (e) (iv) (b) (v) (a)

IV MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Tick () the only correct choice amongst the following:

1. The universal law of gravitation was postulated by

(A) Copernicus (B) Newton (C) Galileo (D) Archimedes’

2. A rock is brought from the surface of the moon,

(A) its mass will change (B) its weight will change but not mass
(C) both mass and weight will change (D) its mass and weight both will remain same.

*3. A body is weighed at the poles and then at the equator. The weight
(A) at the equator will be greater than at the poles
(B) at the poles will be greater than at the equator
(C) at the poles will be equal to the weight at the equator
(D) depends upon the shape of the object

4. A lead ball and a snow ball of identical radius are released from a certain height in vacuum. The time
taken by both of them to reach the ground are
(A) exactly equal (B) unequal
(C) roughly equal (D) in the ratio of the density of lead and snow

5. The weight of a body at the centre of the earth is

(A) zero (B) equal to its mass (C) maximum (D) infinite

*6. The SI unit of g is

(A) m2/s (B) m/s2 (C) s/m2 (D) m/s

*7 The SI unit of G is
(A) N2 — m2/kg (B) N — m2/kg (C) N — m/kg (d) N — m2/kg2

8. Choose the correct statement

(A) All bodies repel each other in this universe.
(B) Our earth does not behave like a magnet.
(C) Acceleration due to gravity is 8.9 m/s2.
(D) All bodies fall at the same rate in vacuum.

*9 The maximum weight of a body is

(A) at the centre of the earth (B) inside the earth
(C) on the surface of the earth (D) above the surface of the earth

10. If the distance between two masses be doubled, then the force between them will become
(A) 1/4 times (B) 4 times (C) 1/2 times (D) 2 times

37
11. A body falls freely towards the earth with
(A) uniform speed (B) uniform velocity (c) uniform acceleration (d) none of these

12. If the mass of a body is M on the surface of the earth, then its mass on the surface of the moon will be
M
6
(A) (B) M (C) M + 6 (D) M x 6

13. If a person jumps 1 m at the surface of the earth, he will jump 6 metres at the surface of the moon.
Therefore, the ratio of moon’s acceleration due to gravity with respect to earth’s acceleration due to
gravity would be
(A) 6 (B) 1/6 (C) 0.6 (D) 0.06

14. Choose the correct statement:

(A) Weight is a vector quantity.
(B) The weight of a body in interplanetary space is maximum.
(C) Weight increases when the bodies go up.
(D) 1 N = 1 kg x 1 m/s
15. The value of acceleration due to gravity near the earth’s surf’e is
(A) 8.9 m/s2 (B) 8.9 m/s (C) 9.8m/s2 (D) 9.8 m/s

* 16. The force of gravitation between two bodies does not depend upon
(A) their separation (B) the gravitational constant
(C) the product of their masses (D) the sum of their masses

17. The type of force which exists between charged bodies is

(A) only gravitational (B) only electrical
(C) neither gravitational nor electrical (D) both electrical and gravitational

18. When a fruit falls from a tree

(A) only the earth attracts the fruit
(B) both the earth and the fruit attract each other
(C) only fruit attracts the earth
(D) they repel each other

*19. When an object is thrown up, the force of gravity

(A) acts in the direction of the motion
(B) acts in the opposite direction of the motion
(C) remains constant as the body moves up
(D) increases as the body moves up

20. Newton’s law of gravitation

(A) can be verified in the laboratory (B) is valid only in the solar system
(C) cannot be verified but is true (D) is valid only on earth

21. If the distance between two particles is halved, the gravitational force becomes
(A) four times (B) two times (C) eight times (D) none of these

22. The force of gravitation exists

(A) everywhere in the universe (B) at the surface of the earth only
(C) inside the earth only (D) at the surface of the moon only

*23. Newton’s law of gravitation holds good for

(A) small bodies only (B) terrestrial bodies only
(C) big bodies only (D) all types of bodies

24. The gravitational force is a

(A) contact force (B) action-at-a-distance force
(C) neither (a) nor (b) (D) both (a) and (b)

38
25. 1 kg wt is equal to
(A) 9.8 N (B) 980 N (C) 98 N (D) 0.98 N

*26. 1 kg wt is equal to
(A) 980 dyne (B) 9.80 dyne (C) 98 dyne (D) none of these

*27. Name the force responsible for the existence of the solar system:
(A) force of friction (B) gravitational force (C) electrostatic force (D) magnetic force

28. Which of the following forces is responsible for the flow of water in rivers?
(A) force of friction (B) gravitational force (C) electrostatic force (D) magnetic force

29. Name the force responsible for holding the atmosphere near the surface of the
earth:
(A) electrostatic force (B) magnetic force (C) frictional force (D) gravitational force

30. The value of G depends on

(A) nature of the interacting bodies (B) size of the interacting bodies
(C) mass of the interacting bodies (D) none of these

*31. The ratio of SI units to CGS units of G is

(A) 103 (B) 102 (C) 10-2 (D) 10-3

*32. The ratio of SI units to CGS units of g is

(A) 102 (B) 10 (C) 10 (D) 10-2

33. SI unit of C is Nm2 kg-2. Which of the following can also be used as the SI unit of G?
(A) m3 kg-1 s-2 (B) m2 kg-2 s-1 (C) m kg-3 s-1 (D) m2 kg-3 s-2

34. The value of G depends on

(A) the mass of the interacting bodies (B) the space where the particles are kept
(C) the time at which the force is considered (D) none of these

*35 1 N is nearly equal to

1
kg wt
19.8
(A) 0.1 kg wt (B) 1 kg wt (C) (D) 9.8 kg wt

36. The force of gravitation between two bodies can be zero if the separation between the bodies becomes
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) -1 (D) infinity

37. SI unit of acceleration due to gravity is

(A) ms2 (B) ms-1 (C) N (D) N kg-1

38. Name the scientist who first performed Galileo’s experiment on the moon:
(A) David Scott (B) Cavendish (C) Newton (D) none of these

39. Choose the correct statement.

(A) Gravity and gravitation are same.
(B) Gravity is a particular case of gravitation.
(C) Acceleration due to gravity is a scalar quantity.
(D) Different heavenly bodies have different values for G.

*40. The ratio of g00 to earth is

1 1
6 4
(A) 6 (B) (C) 4 (D)

39
41. In vacuum all freely falling bodies
(A) have the same speed (B) have the same velocity
(C) have the same force (D) have the same acceleration

42. At the centre of the earth, the value of g becomes

(A) zero (B) unity (C) infinity (D) none of these

43. g is a vector and its direction is towards centre of the

(A) body (B) sun (C) earth (D) any one of the above

44. The gravitational SI unit of weight is

(A) kg wt (B) N (C) g wt (D) all the above

45. The gravitational force which acts on 1 kg is

1 1
N N
9.8 980
(A) 9.8 N (B) (C) 980 N (D)

46. A body having a mass of 1 kg on the surface of the earth weighs

1 1
N N
9.8 980
(A) 9.8 N (B) (C) 980 N (D)

47. A stone dropped from the roof of a building takes 4s to reach the ground. The height of the building is
(A) 9.8 m (B) 19.6 m (C) 39.2 m (D) 78.4 m

48. A ball is thrown up and attains a maximum height of 100 m. Its initial speed was
(A) 9.8 ms-1 (B) 44.2 ms-1 (C) 19.6 ms-1 (d) none of these

*49. Weight is
(A) measured by a spring balance (b) measured by a beam balance
(C) measured in kg (D) a scalar quantity

50. The weight of an object

(A) is the quantity of the matter it contains
(B) refers to its inertia
(C) is same as its mass hut is expressed in different units
(D) is the force with which it is attracted towards the earth

51. What is the mass of an object whose weight is 98 N?

(A) 98 kg (B) 9.8 kg (C) 10 kg (d) none of these

*52. What is the mass of an object whose weight is 980 N?

(A) 980 kg (B) 98 kg (C) 100 kg (D) zero

53. If the mass of a body is 5 kg, what is its weight?

(A) 49 N (B) 5 N (C) 49 kg wt (D) none of these

54. How much would a 60 kg boy weigh on the moon?

gearth
6
Given: gmoon =
(A) 10 kg wt (B) 6 kg wt (C) kg wt (D) zero

55. How much would a W kg man weigh on the moon in terms of gravitational units?
(A) kg wt (B) 6W kg wt (C)W kg wt (D) zero

40
56. In Q 55 above, what would the man weigh in terms of absolute SI units?
æW ö
ç g N
è6 ÷
ø
(A) (Wg) N (B) (C) (6 Wg) N (D) zero

*57. A body has a mass M kg on the earth. What will be its weight on the earth?
(A) Mg newton (B) newton (C) M newton (D) zero

58. What would be its weight on the moon in Q 57?

MgN M
kg
6 6
(A) (B) 6 M kg (C) (D) zero

59. What will be its mass on the moon in Q 57?

M
kg
6
(A) M kg (B) 6 M kg (C) (D) zero
60. The gravitational pull exerted by the earth on a body is called its
(A) true weight (B) mass
(C) gravitational mass (D) inertial mass

61. A body weighs 60 kg on the earth’s surface. What would be its weight at the centre of the earth?
(A) 60 kg wt (B) 6 kg wt (C) 60 x 9.8 kg wt (D) zero

*62. A weighing machine measures

(A) weight only (B) mass only (C) mass and weight (D) none of these

63. A person stands on a weighing machine kept on the floor of an elevator When the elevator is at rest
then the apparent weight of the person is
(A) equal to his true weight (B) less than his true weight
(C) more than his true weight (D) more or less than his true weight.

64. In Q 63 above, if the elevator moves down with a constant acceleration, the apparent weight of the
person is
(A) less than its true weight (B) equal to its true weight
(C) more than its true weight (D) more or less than its true weight

65. In Q 63 above, if the elevator moves upward with a constant acceleration, the apparent weight of the
person is
(A) less than his true weight (B) equal to his true weight
(C) more than his true weight (D) more or less than his true weight

66. In Q 64 above, suppose the cable breaks, then the weighing machine will read
(A) more than the weight of the body (B) less than the weight of the body
(C) equal to the weight of the body (D) zero

*67. Hold a stone at the end of a spring balance. The pointer shows 5 kg wt. Now release the spring
balance. Then the pointer will read
(A) more than 5 kg wt (B) less than 5 kg wt
(C) equal to 5 kg wt (D) zero

68. The apparent weight of a body, weighing M kg wt, during free fall is
(A) less than M kg wt (B) more than M kg wt
(C) equal to M kg wt (D) zero

69. While orbiting around the earth in a spaceship, an astronaut experiences

(A) more weight (B) lesser weight (C) weightlessness (D) nothing at all

41
*70. Which of the following motion is different from others?
(A) A ball thrown horizontally in air.
(B) A bomb released from a flying aeroplane.
(C) A javelin thrown by an athlete.
(D) A bird flying in the air.

71. An object thrown into space horizontally under the action of earth’s gravity is called a/an
(A) projectile (B) trajectory (C) spaceship (D) none of these

*72. The path followed by a projectile is called its

(A) trajectory (B) range (C) amplitude (D) none of these

*73. The horizontal distance travelled by a projectile is called its

(A) trajectory (B) range (C) amplitude (D) none of these

74. If g is acceleration due to gravity, then the vertical distance travelled by a projectile in time t is equal to
1 2 3 2
gt 2 gt
2 gt 4
(A) (B) (C) (D) none of these

75. The gravitational force between two objects placed at a distance r is proportional to
1 1
r2 r
(A) r (B) r2 (C) (D)
*76. The force of gravity on a body of mass W is
W
g
(A) W (B) Wg (C) (D) Wg2
77. When an object falls freely to the earth, the force of gravity is
(A) opposite to the direction of motion (B) along the direction of motion
(C) constant (D) zero
78. Acceleration due to gravity of a body thrown up is
(A) 9.8 ms-2 (B) - 9.8 ms-2 (C) ± 9.8 ms-2 (D) zero

*79. A bomb is released from a flying aeroplane. Its path will be

(A) an arc of a circle
(B) parabola
(C) a zig-zag path
(D) a straight vertical path in the down - word direction

80. The value of acceleration due to gravity dependes on

(A) pressure (B) acceleration (C) force (D) none of these

81. The value of acceleration due to gavity depends on

(A) mass of the body (B) radius of the body (C) shape of the body (D) mass of the earth

*82. If the symbols have their usual meanings, is equal to

1 1
g2 g
(A) g2 (B) (C) g (D)
83. The time period of a geo-stationary satellite is
(A) 24 hrs (B) 6 hrs (C) 365 days (D) none of these

84. The gravitational force between two stones of mass 1 kg each separated by a distance of 1 m in
vacuum is

42
 (A) zero (B) 6.675 x 10-5 N (C) 6.675 x 10-8 N (D) 6.675 x 10-11 N

85. The weakest force of interaction is

(A) electrostatic (B) gravitational (C) nuclear (D) electromagnetic

86. The time taken by a radiowave to go and come back after reflection from a communication satellite is
1 1 1
S S S
4 2 8
(A) (B) (C) 1 s (D)

*87. Weighlessness in a satellite is because of

(A) intertia (B) zero gravity (C) centre of gravity (D) acceleration

88. The three laws of planetary motion were given by

(A) Aristotle (B) Kepler (C) Copernicus (D) Tycho Brahe

89. From the quator to the poles, the value of g

(A) decreases (B) increases
(C) remains unchanged (D) first decreases then increases

*90. From the centre of the earth to the surface of the earth, the value of g varies with distance (r) as
1
gµ
r2 gµr g µ r2 g µ r0
(A) (B) (C) (D)

91. The value of g varies with distances (r) above the earth’s surface as
1
gµ
r2 gµr g µ r2 g µ r0
((A) (B) (C) (D)
92. The space in which a body experiences a force by virtue of its mass is called
(A) magnetic field (B) electric field (C) gravitational field (D) none of these

93. The force experienced by a unit mass at a point in the gravitational field is called its
(A) gravitational intensity (B) electric intensity
(C) magnetic intensity (D) gravitational constant

94. The gravitational intensity in Q 93 is denoted by

(A) g (B) G (C) E (D) none of these
95. Which of the following represents the unit for gravitational intensity?
(A) N (B) kg m-2 (C) N kg-1 (D) ms-3
96. Where will a body weigh minimum?
(A) at a height of 100 m above the earth’s surface
(B) at the earth’s surface
(C) at a depth of 100 m below the earth’s surface
(D) at the centre of the earth

43
*97. The variation of g with height or depth (r) is shown correctly by the graph in Fig. 3.4 (where R is radius
of the earth),

98. The value of gravitational intensity at the centre of the earth is

(A) 1 (B) infinity (C) zero (D) can't be decided

99. The ratio of SI units to CGS of the gravitational intensity is

(A) 103 (B) infinity (C) zero (D) 102

gR 2
M
100. If the symbols have their usual meanings then represents
1 1
G G2
(A) G (B) G2 (C) (D)

44
 Answer

Q. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Ans. B B A A A B D D C A

Q 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Ans. C B B A C D D B B A

Q 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Ans. A A D B A A B B D D

Q 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

Ans. A A A D A D A,D A B B

Q 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

Ans. D A C A A A D B A B

Q. 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

Ans. C C A A A B A A A A

Q 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

Ans. D A A A C D D D C D

Q 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80

Ans. A A B A C B B B B C

Q 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90

Ans. D C A D B A B B B B

Q. 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100

Ans. A C A A C D A C D A

WORK, ENERVGY AND POWER

UNSOLVED NUMERICAL PROBLEMS

1. Two unequal masses have the same K.E. Prove that the momentum of the heavier body is more.

2. Two unequal masses have the same momentum. Prove that the heavier body possesses lesser K.E.

3. A roller is pushed by applying a force of 50 N. The line of action of the force makes an angle of 60º with
the horizontal. Find the work done in moving it through a distance of 10 m.
Ans. 250 J

4. Calculate the momentum of a body of mass 100 g having kinetic energy of 20 joule
Ans. 2kg m/s

45
5. Calculate the amount of work done in taking a packet of mass 100 kg to the top of a building of height
14.0 m. Take g = 10 m/s2.
Ans. 1.4 × 104 J

6. The momentum of a body increases by 20%. Calculate the percentage increase in its K.E.
Ans. 44%
Sol. Initial momentum = mv
æ 20 ö 6mv
çv+ v =
è 100 ÷ø 5
Final momentum = m
1
mv 2
2
Initial K.E. =
2
1 æ6v ö 1 æ36 ö
m ç ÷ = mv 2 ç ÷
2 è 5 ø 2 è25 ø
Final K.E. =
æ36 ö1
ç - 1 mv 2
è25 ÷ ø2
´ 100 =44%
1 2
mv
2
% Increase in K.E =
7. The momentum of a body decreases by 20%. Calculate the percentage decrease in its K.E.
Ans. 36%

8. A bullet leaves a rifle with a velocity of 200 m/s and strikes a wooden target up to 4 cm. What velocity
should it have to pierce the same block of wood up to 16 cm?
Ans. 400 m/s

9. The mass of a pendulum bob is 100g, and the string is 1 m long. The bob is held so that the string
horizontal. It is then allowed to fall. Find the KE when the string makes an angle of (a) 0º (b) 30º with
the vertical.
Ans. (a) 98 × 105 erg; (b) 84 ×104 erg

10. What horsepower is necessary to lift 180 tonnes of coal per hour, from a mine 120 m deep?
Ans. 78.82 hp

11. An elevator lifts a load of 1250 kg through a height of 20 m in 5 s. Calculate the power of the elevator.
Ans. 49 kW

12. A bullet of mass 5 g leaves a rifle with a velocity of 2 m/s. If it strikes a wooden target and penetrates 20
cm into it, what is the average resistance offered by the target?
Ans. 5000 dynes

13. The human heart forces 4500 cc of blood per min through the arteries, under a pressure of 15 cm of
Hg. Calculate the hp of the heart. Take 1 hp = 746 W and g = 980 cm/s 2
Ans. 20 × 10-4 approx

14. A pump is required to lift 480 kg of water per mm. from a well 10 m deep, and eject it with a speed of 10
m/s.
(A) How much work is done in lifting the water?
(B) What is the magnitude of the K.E. given to water?
(C) What is the horse power of the engine?
Ans. (a) 47,040 J (b) 24,000 J (c) 1.6

15. A boy of mass 50 kg sits on a swing, suspended by a rope 5 m long. A person pulls the rope that makes
an angle of 30° with the vertical. What is the gain in the gravitational potential energy of the boy?

46
Ans. 328.3 J

16. A ball is dropped from rest from a height of 12 m. If the ball loses 25% of its K.E. on striking the ground,
what is the height to which it bounces? How do you account for the loss in K.E.
Ans. 9m

17. 17. A car of mass 1000 kg travels at 12 m/s on a horizontal and the resistance to motion is 500 N. Find
(a) its momentum (b) its kinetic energy and (c) the power developed by the engine.
Ans. (A) 1.2 x 104 Ns (b) 7.2 x 104 J (c) 6.0 kW

18. The brakes of an unloaded lorry of mass 1000 kg will slow it down from 40 to 20 km/h in 7.5 s. How
long will they take to stop it from a speed of 30 km/h, if it has taken on a load of 2200 kg?
Ans. 36 s

19. If the frictional force resisting the motion of a car is 300 N, find the work done (i.e, the energy
expended) by a man who pushes the car at a steady rate for 25 m on a horizontal road.
Ans. 7500 J

20. The propelling force of a rocket increases uniforily froni zero to 5 N in the first 12 m and remains
constant for the next 40 m. Find the total work done.
Ans. 2300

21. The potential energy stored in the wound-up spring of a toy motor-car is 18 J. Ignoring any frictional
resistance to motion, find the distance this car (mass 200 g) will travel up a slope of 1 in 5.
Ans. 45.9 cm

22. A body of’ mass 20 kg falls through a distance of 50 cm. What is the loss in P.E.?
Ans. 98 J

23. What is the power output of the sun if 4 x 10 kg of matter per second is converted into energy in the
sun?
Use E = mc2 , where c = 3 × 108 m/s
Hint: E = mc2 , where E represents energy per second
kg m2
´
s s2
= 4 × 109 × (3 × 108)2
= 3.6 × 1026 Js-1
Or P = E = 3.6 × 1026 W

24. What is the ratio of 1 kWh to 1 Me V?

Hint 1 kWh = 3.6 × 106 J
1 Me V = 106 × 1eV
1 electron volt represents the energy associated with an electron when it jumps across a potential
difference of 1 volt.
1 eV = 1.602 × 10-19 C × 1 volt
1J
1C
= 1.602 × 10-19 C ×
= 1.602 × 10-19 J
or 1 MeV = 106 × 1.602 × 10-19 J
= 1.602 × 10-13
1k Wh 3.6 ´ 10 6 J
\ =
1MeV 1.602 ´ 10 - 13 J

= 2.25 × 1019
25 (a) What is the amount of work done by a weight - lifter in holding a weight of 100 kg on his shoulders
for 40 s ?
(b) What is the amount of work done by a man pressing a rigid wall with a forece of 200 N?

47
Ans. (a) zero (b) zero

26. In a tug of war, one team is slowly giving way to the other. What work is being done, and by whom?
Hint: Work is done by the winning team. It is equal to the product of the resultant force applied by the two
teams and the displacement that the losing team suffers.

27. A body is kept moving with uniform speed in a circle by a centripetal force acting on it. However, the
work done by this force is zero. Is it true? Explain.
q
Hint: Work done = FS cos = FS cos 90º = 0
r r
F S
Because and are always at right angles to each other.

28. The earth moving round the sun in a circular orbit is acted upon by a force, and hence work must be
done on the earth by this force. Do you agree with this statement?
Hint: The statement is wrong. Work done is zero because the centripetal force cannot do any work on the
earth.

29. A particle is moving in a circular path of given radius with

[(i) constant (ii) increasing (iii) decreasing] number of rotations per second. What happens to work done
in three cases?
Hint: Work done = change in kinetic energy
(i) For constant speed, kinetic energy does not change, and work done is zero.
(ii) As K.E. is increasing, work is done by the external force.
(iii) As K.E. is decreasing, work is done by the body on the force.

30. When a constant force is applied to a body moving with a constant acceleration, is power of the force
constant? If not, how will force vary with speed for the power to be constant?
Hint: Power = force x velocity
Since the body has acceleration, therefore, velocity changes and power also changes. In order to keep
the power constant, the force should vary inversely as velocity varies with time. In other words, if
velocity increases with time then force should decrease with the same rate as the velocity is increasing.

31. Can a body have energy without having momentum?

Hint: Yes, the body may have potential energy.

32. Can a body have momentum without having kinetic energy?

Hint: No, it is not possible.

33. A meteorite burns in the atmosphere before it reaches the earth’s surface. What happens to its
momentum?
Hint: The momentum is transferred to the air molecules and the earth.

34. When a ball is thrown up, the magnitude of its momentum decreases and then increases. Does this
violate the conservation of momentum principle?
Hint: There is no violation of the conservation of momentum. The net momentum of the system (earth + ball
+ air molecules) always remains conserved.

35. If energy is neither created nor destroyed, what happens to the so much energy spent against friction?
Hint: The energy lost against friction is dissipated in the form of heat and is not available for work.

36. A light and a heavy body have the same kinetic energy. Which one will have greater momentum?
Hint: The heavy body.

37. A bullet is fired from a gun. Which will have greater kinetic energy: The bullet or the gun?
Hint: The bullet has a greater kinetic energy.

38. A light and a heavy body have same momentum. Which one will have the greater kinetic energy?
Hint: The lighter body.

48
49
39. State the work done in the following situations:
(a) a person carrying bricks on his head on a level road from one place to another.
(b) a man rowing a boat upstream at rest with respect to the shore.
(c) when a body of mass rn moves with a uniform speed v in a circle.
(d) when a car moves with a uniform speed on a smooth level road, neglecting the air resistance.
Hint: (a) Work done in this case is zero because the angle between the force of gravity and displacement is
900.
(b) The man is doing work because he is applying a force. It is because there is a relative motion
between the boat and the stream.
(c) Since force is always perpendicular to displacement, work done is zero.
(d) Weight of the car and its displacement are at right angles, therefore, work done is zero.

40. A lorry and a car moving with same K.E. are brought to rest by the action of the brakes which provide
equal retarding forces. Which of them will come to rest in a shorter distance?
æ1 ö æ1 ö
ç mv 2 ÷ =ç MV 2 ÷
è2 øloory è2 øcar

F1S1 = F2S2

where F1, F2 are retarding forces produced by applying the brakes in the lorry and the car respectively
and S1, S2 are their respective distances covered before they stop.
From (i), F1S1 = F2S2
As F1 = F2, we have S1 = S2.
Therefore, before stopping they cover equal distances.

41. A ball is dropped vertically from rest at a height of 12 m. After striking the ground, it bounces to a height
of 9 m. What fraction of kinetic energy does it lose on striking the ground?
Hint: Let m be the mass of the body.
When the body falls from some height, potential energy at the top equals the gain in kinetic energy. The
body loses some kinetic energy and again rises to some different height.
(12mg - 9mg)
´ 100%
\ 12mg
Percentage loss in K.E. =
3mg
´ 100% =25%
12mg
=
42. Two bodies of masses 1 kg and 4 kg have equal linear momentum. What is the ratio of their kinetic
energies?
p2 (K.E)1 m2 4
K.E. = = =
2m \ ( K.E) 2 m1 1
Hint:
43. A man whose mass is 75 kg walks up 10 steps, each 20 cm high, in 5 s. Find the power he develops.
Take g = 10 ms-2.
æ10 ´ 20 ö
ç m =2m
è 100 ÷ ø
Hint: Mass, m = 75 kg, Total height =
Work 75 ´ 10 ´ 2
= =300 W
Time 5
T = 5 S, Power =

44. A body of mass 10 kg is dropped from a height of 20 m. Find (i) its potential energy before it is dropped,
(ii) its kinetic energy when it is 8 m above the ground and (iii) its kinetic energy when it hits the ground.
Take g = 10ms-2
Hint: (i) Potential energy = (10× 10× 20) J = 2000 J

50
(ii) K.E. when it is 8 m above the ground = 1200 J
(iii) K.E. when it hits the ground = 2000 J

51
45. A car of mass 2000 kg is lifted up a distance of 30 m by a crane in 1 minute. A second crane does the
same job in 2 minutes. Do the cranes consume the same or different amounts of fuel? What is the
power supplied by each crane? Neglect power dissipation against friction.
Take g = 10 ms-
Hint: Work done in lifting the car. W = mgh
= 2000 × 10 × 30 = 6 × 105 J
According to the principle of conservation of energy, both the cranes will consume the same amount of
fuel equivalent to 6 × 105 J.
W 6 ´ 105
= =10 4 W
t1 60
Power of first crane, P1 =
W 6 ´ 105
= =5 ´ 103 W
t2 120
Power of 2nd crane, P2 =
46. A tube-well pumps out 2400 kg of water per minute. If water is coming out with a velocity of 3 ms -1, what
is power of the pump? How much work is done, if the pump runs for 10 hours?
2400
m= =40 kg
60
Hint: Mass of water pumped per second,
Velocity of water, v = 3 ms-1
1 1
mv 2 = ´ 40 ´ 9 =180 J
2 2
K.E. of water coming out per second =
\
Power of pump = 180 Js-1 = 180 W
Work done = power × time
= 180 × 10 = 1800 Watt hour
= 1800 × 3600 J = 6.48 × 106 J

OBJECTIVE EVALUATION

I. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Tick () the only correct choice amongst the following
1. Work done upon a body is
(A) a vector quantity (B) a scalar quantity (C) always positive (D) always negative

2. In the SI system, the unit of P.E. is

(A) erg (B) dyne-cm (C) joule (D) none of these

3. Kilowatt hour (kWh) represents the unit of

(A) power (B) impulse (C) momentum (D) none of these

4. Two unequal masses possess the same K.E. Then, the heavier mass has
(A) greater momentum (B) smaller momentum
(C) the same momentum as the lighter mass (D) greater speed

5. Two unequal masses possess the same momentum, then the kinetic energy of the heavier mass is
____________ the kinetic energy of the lighter mass.
(A) same as (B) greater than (C) smaller than (D) much greater than

6. The speed of a motor car becomes six times, then the kinetic energy becomes
(A) 6 times (B) 36 times (C) 12 times (D) 24 times

7. The number of joules contained in 1 kWh is

(A) 36 x 102 (B) 36 x 103 (C) 36 x 104 (D) 3.6 x 106

52
8. A body is moved through a distance of 3 m in the following different ways. In which case is the
maximum work done?
(A) When pushed over an inclined plane. (B) When lifted vertically upward.
(C) When pushed over smooth rollers. (D) When pushed on a plane, horizontal surface.

9. In the above example, the work done is minimum when the body is
(A) pushed over an inclined plane (B) lifted vertically upward
(C) pushed over the smooth rollers (D) pushed on a plane horizontal surface

10. A truck and a car are moving on a smooth, level road such that the K.E. associated with them is the
same. Brakes are applied to both of them simultaneously. Which one will cover a greater distance
before it stops?
(A) Car (B) Truck
(C) Both will cover the same distance (D) Nothing can be decided

11. A wound watch spring has energy.

(A) mechanical (B) kinetic (C) potential (D) kinetic and potential

12. Two bullets P and Q, masses 10 and 20 g, are moving in the same direction towards a target with
velocities of 20 and 10 m/s respectively. Which one of the bullets will pierce a greater distance through
the target?
(A) P (B) Q
(C) both will cover the same distance (D) nothing can be decided

13. When the time taken to complete a given amount of work increases, then
(A) power increases (B) power decreases
(C) energy increases (D) energy decreases

14. When the force applied and the displacement of the body are inclined at 900 with each other, the work
done is
(A) infinite (B) maximum (C) zero (D) unity

15. A car is moving along a straight level road with constant speed. Then
(A) the work done on the car is infinite
(B) the work done on the car is zero
(C) the work done on the car is a measure of the gravitational potential energy
(D) the work done on the car cannot be found.

16. kgm-2s-2 represents the unit of

(A) kinetic energy only (B) work done only
(C) potential energy only (D) all the above

17. The moon revolves around the earth because the earth exerts a radial force on the moon. Does the
earth perform work on the moon?
(A) No (B) Yes, sometimes (C) Yes, always (D) cannot be decided

18. The K.E. of a body in increased most, by doubling its

(A) mass (B) weight (C) speed (D) density

19. A body is dropped from a certain height from the ground. When it is halfway down, it possesses
(A) only K.E. (B) both K.E. and RE. (C) only RE. (D) zero energy

20. A body of mass 20 kg is dropped from a height of 2 m. If g is taken to be equal to 10 m/s 2, the kinetic
energy of the body, just before striking the ground, will be
(A) 400 J (B) 4 J (C) 40 J (D) none of these

21. The energy required to raise a given volume of water from a well can be in

53
 (A) megawatts (B) meganewton (C) megajoules (D) kilowatts

22. Two spherical balls of the same radius, but of different masses, are dropped at the same time from the
top of a tower 19.6 m high. When they are 1.6 m above the ground, the balls will possess the same
(A) K.E. (B) RE. (C) momentum (D) total energy

23. Asha lifts a doll from the floor and places it on a table. If the weight of the doll is known, what else does
one need to know in order to calculate the work Asha has done on the doll?
(A) The time required (B) Height of the table
(C) Mass of the ball (D) Cost of the doll or the table

24. One kilowatt is approximately equal to

(A) 1.30 hp (B) 1.56 hp (C) 2.50 hp (D) 1.83 hp

25. The work done in lifting a mass of 1 kg to a height of 9.8 m is

(A) 1 J (B) (9.8)2 J (C) 9.8 J (D) none of these

26. Two bodies of equal weight are kept at heights of h and 1.5 h respectively. The ratio of their P.E. is
(A) 3 : 2 (B) 2 : 3 (C) 1: 1 (D) none of these

27. In which of the following cases will the work done be moved through a distance S on the ground. Fig.
4.7.

(A) A (B) B (C) C (D) D

28. One of the rectangular components of a force of 50 N is gular component will be

(A) 40 N (B) 30 N (C) 35 N (D) 45 N

29. The work done by a centripetal force

(A) increases by decreasing the radius of the circle
(B) decreases by increasing the radius of the circle
(C) increases by increasing the mass of the body
(D) is always zero

30. The units N-s are equivalent to

(A) J (B) kg-m-s-1 (C) kg-m-s2 (D) N -m - s

31. Certain weight is attached with a spring. It is pulled oscillates up and down. Its K.E. will be
(A) maximum in the middle of the movement (B) maximum at the bottom
(C) maximum just before it is released (D) constant

32. A photocell converts light energy into

(A) chemical energy (B) electrical energy
(C) electrical energy (D) mechanical energy

33. kWh represents the unit for

(A) force (B) power (C) time (D) energy

34. Watt sec represents the unit for

54
 (A) energy (B) power (C) force (D) none of these

35. Energy cannot be measured in

(A) Js (B) Ws (C) kWh (D) erg

36. A flying aeroplane has

(A) only potential energy (B) only kinetic energy
(C) both potential and kinetic energy (D) none of these

37. A steam engine converts

(A) heat energy into sound energy (B) heat energy into mechanical energy
(C) mechanical energy into heat energy (D) electrical energy into sound energy

38. A truck and a car are moving on a smooth level road such that the K.E. associated with them is the
same. Which one will cover greater distance when brakes are applied to them simultaneously?
(A) car (B) truck
(C) both will cover the same distance (D) none of these

39. Mechanically work done is equal to (symbols have their usual meanings)
(A) W = F/d (B) W = Fd (C) W = F + d (D) W = F- d

40. A body at rest can have

(A) speed (B) energy (C) momentum (D) velocity

41. Which of the following graph best represents the graphical relation between momentum (p) and kinetic
energy (k) for a body in motion?

42. When the momentum of a body increases by 10%, its K.E. increases by
(A) 20% (B) 40% (C) 44% (D) none of these

43. When the momentum of a body decreases by 10%, its K.E. decreases by
(A) 20 % (B) 40% (C) 36% (D) none of these

44. When the momentum of a body increases by 100%, its K.E. increases by
(A) 20% (B) 40% (C) 100% (D) 300%

45. Which of the following physical quantity is different from others?

(A) work (B) kinetic energy (C) force (D) potential energy

46. No work is said to have been done when an object moves at an angle of__________ with the direction
of the force.
(A) 0º (B) 90° (C) 180° (D) between 90° and 180°

47. A force of 20 N acts on a body and the body moves through 1 m at an angle of 45° to the direction of
tne force. The work done by the force is
10 - 10
J J
10 2 J 2 - 10 2 J 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
48. When a body is whirled in a circle, the work done on it is

55
 (A) positive (B) negative (C) zero (D) infinite

49. The flowing water of a river possesses energy

(A) gravitational (B) potential (C) electrical (D) kinetic

50. The unit of power is

(A) watt per second (B) joule (C) kilojoule (D) watt

51. The mass of an object P is double the mass of Q. If both move with the same velocity, then the ratio of
K.E. of P to that of Q is
(A) 1: 2 (B) 2 : 1 (C) 1: 4 (D) 4 : 1

52. 1 hp is equal to
(A) 0.746 kW (B) 7.46 kW (C) 74.6 kW (D) 746 kW

53. A bird flying in the sky has

(A) K.E. only (B) P.E. only (C) neither K.E. nor P.E. (D) both K.E. and P.E.

54. A body rolling down a hill has

(A) K.E. only (B) P.E. only (C) neither K.E. nor P.E. (D) both K.E. and P.E.

55. An object of mass 1 kg has a P.E. of 1 J relative to the ground when it is at a height of
(A) 0.102 m (B) 1 m (C) 9.8 m (D) 32 m

56. A total of 4900 joule was expended in lifting a 50 kg mass. The mass was raised to a height of
(A) 98 m (B) 960 m (C) 245 m (D) 10 m

57. A raised hammer possesses

(A) K.E. only (B) gravitational P.E. (C) electrical energy (D) sound energy

58. A ball of mass 200 g falls from a height of 5 m. What is its K.E. when it just reaches
the ground?
(A) 9.8 J (B) 98 J (C) 980 J (D) none of these

59. What is the momentum of a body of mass 100 g, having a K.E. of 20 J?

1
kg ms - 1
2
(A) 2 kg ms-1 (B) (C) 2 g cm s-1 (D) none of these

60. A stretched spring possesses energy.

(A) Kinetic (B) elastic potential (C) electric (D) magnetic

61. A body is thrown vertically up from the earth’s surface. What happened to its P.E during the motion?
(A) increases (B) decreases
(C) remains constant (D) first increases then decreases

62. In Q 61 above, what happens to P.E. at the highest point?

(A) maximum value (B) zero (C) minimum value (D) infinity

63. When a person climbs a hill, he possesses

(A) only K.E. (B) only RE. (C) both K.E. and P.E. (D) neither K.E. nor RE.

64. A 1 kg mass has a K.E. of 1 J when its speed is

(A) 1.4 ms-1 (B) 0.45 ms-1 (C) 4.4 ms-1 (D) none of these

65. When the speed of a moving object is doubled, its

(A) acceleration is doubled (B) weight is doubled

56
 (C) K.E. is doubled (D) K.E. becomes 4 times

66. An iron sphere of mass 30 kg has the same diameter as an aluminium sphere whose mass is 10.5 kg.
The spheres are dropped simultaneously from a cliff. When they are 10 m from the ground, they have
the same
(A) acceleration (B) momentum (C) potential energy (D) K.E.

67. Which of the following graph best represents the kinetic energy (K) of a freely falling body and its height
(h) above the ground?

68. Which of the following graph best represents the RE (U) of a freely falling body and its height (h) above
the ground?

69. Which of the following graph best represents the total energy (T) of a freely falling body and its height
(h) above the ground?

70. What is the velocity of a body of mass 100 g having a K.E. of 20 J?

(A) 2 ms-1 (B) 20 ms-1 (C) 40 ms-1 (D) none of these

57
 Answeres

Q. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Ans. B C D A C B D B C C

Q. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Ans. C A B C B D A C B A

Q. 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Ans. C D B A B B D A D B

Q. 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

Ans. A B D A A C B C B B

Q. 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

Ans. D D D D C B A C D D

Q. 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

Ans. B A D D A D B A A B

Q. 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

Ans. A A C A D A A A A B

II. TRUE OR FALSE STATEMENT

State whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F) :
1. A loudspeaker changes sound energy into electrical energy.

2. When energy changes from one form to another, the energy that disappears from one form, reappears
in exactly equivalents amount in the other form.

3. A force does not work, if it produces no motion.

4. Kilowatt hour is the unit of power.

5. Work and Energy have different units.

6. In order to get minimum work, the angle between force and displacement should be 900.

7. Work is a vector quantity.

8. When a body falls on the ground and stops, the principle of conservation of energy is violated.
9. When velocity is halved, its kinetic energy becomes 1/4th.

10. When an arrow is released from a bow, potential energy changes into kinetic energy.

11. Mass is also a form of energy

12. 1 erg = Joule

13. Work done by a force depends upon how fast work is done.

58
14. The rate of doing work is called power.

15. Work done by centripetal force is zero.

16. The unit of work is watt.

17. Power is a vector quantity.

18. If we know the speed and mass of an object, we can find out its kinetic energy.

19. 1 kWh = 3.6 x 106J.

20. Energy stored in the spring of a watch is kinetic energy.

Answeres

Q. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Ans. F T T F F T F F T T

Q. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Ans. T F F T T F F T T F

Ill FILL IN THE BLANKS

Fill in the blanks using suitable word(s).

1. All moving bodies possess

2. SI unit of work is _________.

3. Work and energy have _________ units.

4. The capacity of a body to do work is called __________.

5. The sum of potential and kinetic energies of a body is called its_____________ energy.

6. When the displacement is at right angles to the force, work done is __________.

7. When the displacement (S) is in the direction of the force (F), work done is equal to __________ .

8. When a body moves in a circular path, work done on it is __________.

9. The negative work means that the ___________opposes the motion of the body.

10. The gravitational potential energy is a quantity.

11. Water stored in an overhead tank possesses___________.

12. A raised hammer possesses _____________.

13. Power is a __________ quantity.

14. The rate of doing work is called __________

15. Horse power is the unit of __________

59
16. l hp =_____________ kW.

17. The SI unit of power _____________.

18. Kilowatt hour is the unit for __________.

19. When a body falls from a certain height, its ___________ changes into __________.

20. A dry cell converts __________ into __________

Answers
1. energy 2. joule 3. same 4. energy
5. mechanical 6. zero 7. FS 8. zero
9. force 10. scalar 11. potential energy
12. potential energy 13. scalar 14. power 15. power
16. 0.746 17. watt 18. energy
19. potential energy, kinetic energy 20. chemical energy, electric energy

FLOATING BODIES

UNSOLVED NUMERICAL PROBLEMS

2
100
1. A man weighing 60 kg is standing on the floor. The area of his feet is m2. What pressure will the
floor exert on his feet? Take g = 10 ms-2.
Hint: Force = weight of man
= 60 x 10 N
= 600 N
Reaction of floor = weight of man
= 600 N
600N
2
100
Pressure exerted by the floor = m2 = 3 x 104 N m-2
2. The tank of water supply is at a height of 50 m. Find the pressure in a pipe at the top of a house 10 m
high.
Ans. 4 x 104 kg wt/m2

3. The pressure at a water top at the base of a building is 7.9 x 10 4 kg wt/m2 and at its top is 5.4 x10 4 kg
wt/m2. Find the height of the building.
Ans. 25 m

4. A sealed can of mass 600 g has a volume of 500 cm3. Will this can sink in water?
Ans. Yes

60
5. A sealed tin of coca-cola of mass 400 g has a volume of 300 cm 3. Calculate the density of the tin.
Ans. 1.33 g cm3

6. An oil of relative density 1.2 and volume 1 litre is poured in water. Find the mass of the oil.
Ans. 1.2 kg

7. The pressure at the bed of the ocean is 7.84 x 10 7 Pa. Find the depth of the ocean.
Ans. 8km

8. A force of 100 N is applied on a nail of area 0.00 1 sq. cm. What is the thrust?
Ans. 100 N

9. A cube of wood floating in water supports a 200 g mass resting at the centre of its top face. When the
mass is removed, the cube rises 2 cm. Calculate the volume of the cube.
Hint: Let l cm be the length of each side of the cube.
Then, upward thrust of water on the cube due to displaced volume of water must be equal to weight of
mass removed.
Or l × l × 2 × g =200 g
Or l2 = 100
Or l = 10 cm
\
volume of cube = 103 cm3

10. A force of 60 N is applied on a nail, where tip has an area of cross-section of 0.00 1 cm 2 Calculate the
pressure on the tip.
Ans. 6 x 108 Nm2

11. A column of water 0.60 m supports a 0.32 m column of an unknown liquid. What is the density of the
liquid?
Ans. 1.875 x 103 kg m-3)

12. If the water pressure gauge shows the pressure at ground floor to be 2.7 x 10 5 Nm-2, how high would
water rise in the pipes of a building?
Ans. 27.6 m

13. A solid shell loses half of its weight in water. If relative density of shell is 5, what fraction of its volume is
hollow?
Ans. 3/5

61
14. A water tank is 20 m deep. If the water barometer reads 10 m at that place, then what is the pressure at
the bottom of the tank in atmosphere?
Ans. 3 atm.

15. A body floats in oil with 60% of its volume outside the oil. This body floats in water with 40% of its
volume outside the water. Calculate the relative density of the oil.

æ100 - 60 ö æ100 - 40 ö
ç V r g =ç Vr g
è 100 ÷ ø 0 è 100 ÷ ø w
Hint:
Vr0 g V r wg
Or 0.4 = 0.6
r 0 0.6
=
r w 0.1
Or
3
=
2

16. A liquid stands at the same level in the U-tube, when at rest. What will be the
difference in height h of the liquid in the two limbs of the U-tube, when the system is given an

a
acceleration towards right? Take A as area of cross-section and g as the acceleration due to gravity.
Hint: Mass of the liquid in the horizontal portion of the
r
U - tube = Al
r a
Force exerted on this mass = Al
r r a
Also, h g A = Al
la
g
or h =

62
OBJECTIVE EVALUATION
I. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Tick () the only correct choice amongst the following:

1. If the mass of a body is 12.1 g and the density is 2.2 g/cc, its volume is
(a) 5.5 cm3 (B) 8 cc (C) 11 cc (D) 55 cc

2. Aluminium has a density of 2.7 g/cc. The mass of 15 cc of aluminium is

(A) 45 g (B) 40.5 g (C) 80 g (D) 100 g

3. Brine has a density of 1.2 g/cc. 40 cc of it are mixed with 30 cc of water. The density of solution is
(A) 2.11 g/cc (B) 1.11 g/cc (C) 12.2 g/cc (D) 20.4 g/cc

4. 60 cc of a liquid of relative density 1.4 are mixed with 40 cc of another liquid of relative density 0.8. The
density of the mixture is

5. If a force of 10 N acts on surfaces of areas in the ratio 1 : 2 the thrust has the ratio
(A) 1 : 2 (B) 2 : 1 (C) 3 : 1 (D) 1 : 1

6. The height of mercury which exerts the same pressure as 20 cm of water column, is equal to
(A) 1.48 cm (B) 14.8 cm (C) 148 cm (D) none of these

7. The buoyant force depends on

(A) depth of a liquid (B) colour of a liquid (C) density of liquid (D) none of these

8. The hot air balloon rises because it is

(A) denser (B) less dense
(C) equally dense (D) the given statement is wrong

9. A force of 50 N is applied on a nail of area 0.00 1 sq. cm. Then the thrust is
(A) 50 N (B) 100 N (C) 0.05 N (D) 10 N

1 3
3 4
10. A body floats with rd of its volume outside water and th of its volume outside liquid, then the
density of the liquid is
3 8 9 4
g / cc g / cc g / cc g / cc
8 3 4 9
(A) (B) (C) (D)
11. A piece of wood floats in water. What happens in alcohol?
(A) floats higher (B) stays as before (C) sinks (D) sinks and rises

12. A boat full of iron nails is floating on water in a lake. When the iron nails are removed, the water level
(A) rises (B) falls
(C) remains the same (D) nothing can be said

13. An ice cube is floating in a glass of water. What happens to the water level when the ice melts?
(A) rises (B) falls
(C) remains same (D) first rises and then falls

14. A solid weighs 32 gf in air and 28.8 gf in water. The R.D. of the solid is
(A) 8.9 (B) 10 (C) 29.12 (D) 20

15. A body of mass 50 kg has a volume 0.049 m3. The buoyant force on it is
(A) 50 kgf (B) 50 N (C) 49 N (D) 49 kgf

63
16. If the density of a metal is 8.2 g/cc, its relative density is
1
8.2
(A) 8.2 (B) (C) 0.82 (D) none of these
17. The SI unit of pressure is
(A) atmosphere (B) dyne/cm2 (C) pascal (D) mm of Hg

18. If two masses A and B have their masses in the ratio 1 : 4 and their volumes are equal, then their
densities have the ratio
(A) 1:4 (B) 4 : 1 (C) 2 : 1 (d) 3 : 1

19. The pressure exerted by a liquid of height h is given by (symbols have their usual meanings)
h h
dg d
(A) (B) h d g (C) (D) hg

20. If the density of a block is 981 kg/m3, it shall

(A) sink (B) float
(C) float completely immersed in water (D) float completely out of water

21. The R.D. of a metal block is 2.7 x i03 kglm3. It is immersed in water. Then the metal block.
(A) sinks (B) floats
(C) is partially immersed (D) has no part immersed

22. As the density of a series of liquids increases, the upthrust on the iron rod sub merged
(A) increases (B) decreases
(C) remains constant (D) nothing can be said

23. A block of wood floats in water with two-third of its volume submerged. Its relative density is equal to
1 2 4 1
3 3 3 9
(A) (B) (C) (D)
24. The SI unit of thrust is
(A) N (B) dyne (C) kg wt (D) N m2

25. Pressure cannot be measured in

(A) N m2 (B) bar (C) Pa (D) kg wt

26. The total force exerted by the body perpendicular to the surface is called
(A) pressure (B) thrust (C) impulse (D) none of these

27. Pascal is the unit for

(A) pressure (B) thrust (C) buoyant force (D) none of these

28. At sea level, atmospheric pressure is

(A) 76 cm of Hg column (B) 76 m of Hg column
(C) 0.76 cm of Hg column (D) 76 cm of water column

29. 1 millibar is equal to

1
100
(A) 100 N m-2 (B) 10 N m-2 (C) 1 N m-2 (D) N m-2

30. Atmospheric pressure is measured by a

(A) doctor’s thermometer (B) mercury barometer
(C) speedometer (D) none of these

31. The mercury barometer was invented by

64
 (A) Celsius (B) Fahrenheit (C) Torricelli (D) Bernoulli

32. The weather forecasting department uses as the unit of pressure.

(A) bar (B) N m-2 (C) Pa (D) mm of Hg

33. The atmospheric pressure at the surface of the earth is about

(A) 103 N m-2 (B) 10 N m-2 (C) 10-3 N m-2 (D) 10-5 N m-2

34. The SI unit of density is

(A) kg m-3 (B) g cm-3 (C) kg wt cm-2 (D) none of these

35. Which of the following physical quantity has no unit?

(A) relative density (B) density (C) pressure (D) thrust

36. The ratio of SI units to CGS units of density is

(A)103 (B) 102 (C) 10-2 (D) 10-3

37. The density of water is

(A) 10-3 kg m-3 (B) 10-2 kg m-3 (C) 102 kg m-3 (D)103 kg m-3

38. Any solid will sink in water if its relative density is

(A) less than unity (B) equal to unity (C) greater than unity (D) infinite

39. Any solid will not sink in water if its relative density is
(A) less than 1 (B) equal to 1 (C) greater than 1 (D) infinite

40. The branch of physics which deals with the study of fluids at rest is called
(A) statistics (B) hydrostatics (C) hydrodynamics (D) none of these

41. The branch of physics which deals with the study of fluids in motion is called
(A) dynamics (B) hydrostatics (C) hydrodynamics (D) none of these

42. The SI units of thrust aiid pressure are respectively given by

(A) N, Nm2 (B) N, Nm-2 (C) Nm-1, Nm-2 (D) Nm-2, N

43. Pins and nails are made to have pointed ends in order to have area of contact between the pin and the
given surface.
(A) infinite (B) least (C) largest (D) none of these

44. The bags and suitcases are provided with handles so that small pressure is exerted on the hand while
carrying them.
(A) broad (B) long (C) small (D) heavy

45. 1 Nm-2 equals

(A) 1 Pa (B) 0.1 Pa (C) 0.01 Pa (D) 10 Pa

46. It is difficult to walk bare footed on

(A) flies off (B) balances our weight
(C) yields under our weight (D) reduces our weight

47. SI unit of hydrostatic pressure is

(A) Pa (B) Nm-1 (C) Nm (D) kg wt m-2

48. Pressure is a
(A) scalar quantity (B) vector quantity
(C) normal force (D) all the above are wrong
49. Which of the following is different from others?
(A) bar (B) torr (C) kg wt (D) Pa

50. 1 torr is equal to

65
 (A) 1 mm of mercury column (B) mm of mercury column
(C) 10 mm of mercury column (D) none of these

51. 1 bar is the unit of

(A) blood pressure (B) liquid pressure
(C) atmospheric pressure (D) all the above

52. 1 bar is equal to

(A)105 Pa (B) 103 Pa (C) 10-3Pa (D) l0-5 Pa

53. The atmosphere exerts a pressure of P on the surface of the earth. Then P equals
(A) 1.01 x 105 Nm-2 (B) 1.01 x 10-5 Nm-2 (C) 1.01 x 107 Nm-2 (D) 1.01 x10-7 Nm-2

54. 1 bar is equal to

1
100
(A) 100 Pa (B) 10 Pa (C) 1000 Pa (D) Pa

55. The upward force acting on the body immersed in a fluid is called
(A) hydrostatic pressure (B) buoyant force (C) true weight (D) net force

66
 Answer

Q. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Ans. A B B A D A C B A B

Q. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Ans. C B C B D A C A B B

Q. 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Ans. A A B A D B A A A B

Q. 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

Ans. C A B A A D D C A B

Q. 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

Ans. C B B A A B A A C A

Q. 51 52 53 54 55

Ans. C A A A B

II. TRUE OR FALSE STATEMENTS

State whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F):

1. Any substance which begins to flow when external force is applied on it is called a fluid.

2. Fluids do not have their own shape but take the shape of the containing vessel.

3. A liquid at rest always exerts a force normal to the surface of contact.

4. SI unit of thrust is Nn-2.

5. It is not difficult to walk bare footed on a sandy ground.

6. Pressure is a scalar quantity.

7. Thrust and hydrostatic pressure have same units.

8. The liquid at rest exerts equal pressure in all directions at a point inside the liquid.

9. The working of hydraulic brakes is based on Pascal’s law.

10. Hydraulic lifts are used to lift the heavy loads.

Answer

Q. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 FILL
IN
Ans. T T T F F T F T T T THE

BLANKS:

Fill in the following blanks with suitable word (s):

67
1. Pascal’s law accounts for the transmission of __________ in liquids or gases.

2. Every liquid at rest exerts equal pressure in all __________ at a point inside the liquid.

3. Pascal is the SI unit of __________

4. Pressure is a___________ quantity.

5. Liquids and gases are __________

6. The study of fluids in motion is called __________

7. 1 Nm2 is same as __________

8. Atmospheric pressure is __________ Nm2 at sea level.

9. Specific gravity of the body is numerically equal to __________ of the body.

10. Thrust is a__________ quantity.

Answers
1. pressure 2. directions 3. pressure 4. scalar
5. fluids 6. hydrodynamics 7. 1 Pa 8. 1.013 × 105
9. relative density 10. vector

IV Match the items

Match the items of Column A with the corresponding items of Column B.

Column A Column B
(i) Pressure (a) no unit
(ii) Thrust (b) kg m-3
(iii) Density (c) Nm-2
(iv) Relative density (d) 100 Pa
(v) 1 bar (e) N
Answers
(i)-(c) (ii)-(e) (iii)-(b) (iv)-(a) (v)-(d)

COMPETITION FOCUS
CONCEPTUAL PROBLEMS
1. What do you mean by the earth's atmosphere?

2. What is atmospheric pressure?

3. What is the ratio of SI unit to CGS unit of pressure?

4. A tank 6 m high is half filled with water and then filled to the top with oil of density
0.90 g/cc. What is the pressure at the bottom of the tank due to these liquids?

5. Express bar in terms of Pascal.

6. How are Nnf2 and Pa related to each other?

68
7. Is specific gravity same as relative density of the body? Explain specific gravity in terms of density of
body.

8. What do you mean by buoyant force?

9. State Archimedes’ principle. Does it apply to gases?

10. Two liquids of same mass m but of different densities Pi and P2 are mixed together. What is the density
of the mixture?

11. What is the ratio of SI unit to CGS unit of density?

12. Express 7.8 g/cc in SI units.

13. A piece of pure gold of density 19.3 g cm3 is suspected to be hollow inside. It weighs 38.250 g in air
and 33.865 g in water. Calculate the volume of the hollow portion of the gold, if any.

14. A cube of wood floating in water supports 400 g mass resting at the centre of its top face. When the
mass is removed, the cube rises by 4 cm. Find the volume of the cube.

15. Does Archimedes’ principle hold in case of a vessel in free fall?

16. Hydrostatic pressure is a scalar quantity even though pressure is force divided by area, and force is a
vector.

17. A block of wood floats in a bucket of water in a lift. Will the block sink more or less if the lift starts
accelerating up?

18. The blood pressure in humans is greater at the feet than at the brain. Why?

19. Ice floats in water with about nine—tenths of its volume submerged. What is the fractional volume
submerged for an iceberg floating on a fresh water lake of a (hypothetical) planet whose gravity is ten
times that of the earth?

20. What is the fractional volume of an ice cube in a pail of water produced in an enclosure which is freely
falling under gravity?

21. What is 1 torr-? Is it same as 1 bar?

22. Why is the dam of water reservoir thick at the bottom?

23. A boat carrying a number of large stones is floating in a water tank. What will happen to water level if
the stones are unloaded into water

24. A body floats in a liquid contained in a beakei The whole system falls freely under gravity. What is the
upthrust on the body due to the hquid

25. A body is just floating in a liquid (their densities are equal). What will happen to the body if it is slightly
pressed and released?

69
 SOUND AND ITS PROPAGATION

UNSOLVED NUMERICAL PROBLEMS

1. Compute the length of the second’s pendulum when the value of g = 9.8 m/s 2.
Ans. 99.3 cm

2. A simple pendulum is kept in a lift which is moving upwards with a uniform speed. What will happen to
its time period?
Ans. No change

3. A simple pendulum is kept in a lift which falls freely. What will be its time period?
Ans. Infinite

4. A brass sphere filled with mercury acts as the bob of a simple pendulum. The sphere has a hole at its
bottom through which mercury is constantly oozing out. How will its time period vary with time?
Ans. First increases then decreases and is ultimately equal to original time period

5. The frequency of a vibrating body is 500 Hz. Calculate the wavelength of the sound wave produced if
the velocity of sound in air is 332 m/s.
Ans. 0.664 m

6. A body vibrating with a time period of 1/2000 s, produces a wave which travels in a medium with a
speed of 400 m/s. Find the wavelength.
Ans. 0.2 m

7. In a ripple tank, 20 full ripples are produced per second. The distance between the lowest point of a
trough and the highest point of its nearest crest is 15.0 cm. Find (a) frequency (b) wavelength and (c)
velocity.
Ans. 20 Hz, 30 cm, 600 cm/s

8. A violin string emits sound with a frequency of 850 Hz. What is the distance between a crest and a
neighbouring trough that passes through air? What is the period of vibration? Speed of sound,
v = 340 m/s.
Ans. 0.2 m, 1/850 s

9. Longitudinal waves travel at the speed of 10 m/s in a coiled spring. If the distance between two
uccessive rarefactions is 10 cm, find the frequency of the wave.
Ans. 100 Hz

10. A tuning fork has a frequency of 512 Hz and its produces a sound wave of wavelength 0.65 m.
Calculate the velocity of the sound wave in air.
Ans. 332.8 m

11. An ultrasonic wave is sent from a ship towards the bottom of the sea. It is found that the time interval
between sending and receiving the wave is 1.5 s. If the velocity of sound is 1400 m/s in sea water,
calculate the depth of the sea.
Ans. 1050 m

12. An observer measures the time interval between the sighting of lightning and hearing the thunder. He
finds it to be 5.0 s. If the speed of sound in air is 340 m/s, how far is the cloud from the observer?
Ans. 1700 m

13. A stone is dropped into a well. The sound of the splash is heard after 2.5 s. Find the depth of the well.
Take velocity of sound 330 m/s.
(Hint: Total time (t) = 2.5 s. It consists of two parts: (i) Time taken (t 1) by the stone to reach the water
surface in the well and (ii) Time taken (t 2) by the sound to cover a distance equal to the depth of the
well).

70
 gt12
(To calculate t1, use S = 1/2 and to calculate t2, use t = S/u)
Ans. 28.6 m

14. The lowest pitch detectable as sound by an average human ear corresponds to 20 Hz and the highest
to 20,000 Hz. What is the wavelength of each in air? Take velocity of sound as 330 m/s.
Ans. 16.5 m and 1.65 cm

15. A boy standing 100 m from a tall building claps his hands and hears an echo 0.6 s later. Find the speed
of sound in air.
Ans. 333.3 ms-1

16. A boy standing at some distance from a cliff claps his hands and hears an echo 0.8 s later What is the
distance of the cliff from the boy? Speed of sound = 340 ms -1.
Ans. 136 m

17. Audible range of frequencies is 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz. Find the range of wavelengths corresponding to
this frequency. Given: velocity of sound = 340 ms-1.

v =f l
Hint:
v
l =
f
or
340
l = =17 m
20
(i) When frequency o sound is 20 Hz,
340
l = =0.017 m
20,000
(ii) When frequency of sound is 20,000 Hz,
Thus, the corresponding range of wavelength is 17 m to 0.0 17 m.

18. The frequency of a body is 20 Hz. If the velocity of the waves produced is 340 ms1, find the wavelength
of the wave.
Ans. 17 m

19. The frequency of a wave is 50 Hz and its wavelength is 10 m. Find the velocity of the wave.
Ans. 500 ms-1

20. The time period of a vibrating body is 0.2 s. The waves produced by the body moves with a speed of
340 ms-1. Find the wavelength of the wave.
Ans. 68 m

21. The speed of a wave is 350 rns1. Find the wavelength of the wave whose frequency is 500 Hz.
Ans. 0.7 m

22. A radio station transmits waves of wavelength 280 m. If the speed of the waves is 3 x 10 8 ms-1, find the
frequency of the wave emitted by the radio station.
Ans. 1.1 x 106 Hz

OBJECTIVE EVALUATION

I MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Tick () the only correct choice amongst the following:

1. In which of the following medium will sound travel the fastest?

71
 (A) solid (B) both solid and liquid (C) liquid (D) gas

2. Sound waves in air are __________ waves.

(A) longitudinal (B) radio (c) transverse (d) electromagnetic

3. Sound waves cannot pass through

(A) a solid-liquid mixture (B) an ideal gas (C) a liquid-gas mixture (D) a perfect vacuum

4. Out of the following, which frequencies are not clearly audible to the human ear?
(A) 30 Hz (B) 30,000 Hz (C) 300 Hz (D) 3000 Hz

5. The frequency of sound waves can not be expressed in

(A) Hz (B) cycles (C) s-1 (D) all the above

6. The distance between two consecutive crests is L, then the wavelength is given by
(A) L/2 (B) 2 L (C) 4 L (D) L

7. If the distance between a crest and its consecutive trough is L, then the wavelength is given by
(A) L/2 (B) L (C) 4 L (D) 2 L

8. The product of the time period of a wave and its frequency is

(A) infinite (B) zero
(C) more than unity but less than infinity (D) unity

9. A wave completes 20 vibrations in 2.5 s, its frequency is

(A) 20 Hz (B) 8 Hz (C) 200 Hz (D) 50 Hz

10. Imagine a cannon being fired on the surface of the moon. Then
(A) the sound will be heard at the surface of the earth during all seasons
(B) the sound will not be heard at the surface of the earth
(C) the sound will be heard at the surface of the earth during the rainy season
(D) nothing can be decided

11. Sound waves are

(A) transverse mechanical waves (B) longitudinal mechanical waves
(C) either (a) or (b) (D) none of these

12. The speed of a sound wave in a given medium is

(A) directly proportional to its frequency (B) inversely proportional to its frequency
(C) directly proportional to the square of its frequency (D) independent of its frequency

13. Supersonic means

(A) frequencies less than 20 Hz (B) same as ultrasonic
(C) frequencies much more than that of ultrasonics (D) same as infrasonics

14. The frequency of a wave is 5 Hz. The type of wave refers to

(A) ultrasonic (B) microwave (C) infrasonic (D) radio wave

15. When a vibrating tuning fork is placed on a table, a loud sound is heard. This is due to
(A) forced vibrations (B) resonance (C) beats (D) reflection

16. A wave completes 24 cycles in 0.8 s. The frequency of the wave is

(A) 30 Hz (B) 8 Hz (C) 24 Hz (D) 12 Hz

17. The time period of the above wave would be

(A) 1/30 s (B) 30 s (C) 1/24 s (D) none of these

18. The relation between frequency (v) and wavelength (2) is given by

72
 l v T
U =V ´ l U= U= U=
v l l
(A) (B) (C) (D)
19. Frequency (v) and time period (T) are
v
=1
T
(A) v × T = 1 (B) (C) v = T2 (D) v = T-2
20. A body produces sound only if it is
(A) made of steel (B) made of glass (C) touched (D) vibrating

21. If the time period of a wave increases, its frequency will

(A) increase (B) decrease
(C) remain the same (D) first increase then decrease

22. A pulse is a wave

(A) of high duration (B) of short duration
(C) which travels in vacuum only (D) which travels in solids only

23. When we pluck the wire of a sitar, the waves produced in the wire are
(A) longitudinal (B) transverse
(C) sometimes longitudinal and sometimes transverse (D) electromagnetic

24. When we pluck the wire of a sitar, the waves produced in the air are
(A) longitudinal (B) transverse
(C) sometimes longitudinal and sometimes transverse (D) electromagnetic
25. A crest is the point of
(A) zero displacement (B) maximum displacement
(C) minimum displacement (D) none of these

26. A trough is a point of

(A) zero displacement (B) maximum displacement
(C) minimum displacement (D) none of these

27. Two particles having the same phase must be at

(A) one crest and one trough (B) one crest and the other mean position
(C) one trough and the other mean position (D) two consective crests or troughs

28. If the frequency of a wave is doubled, its wavelength

(A) becomes doubled (B) remains same (C) is halved (D) none of these

29. An anchored boat is rocked by waves whose crests are 100 m apart and whose velocity is 25 m/s. How
often do the crests reach the boat?
(A) 0.35 s (B) 4 s (C) 75 s (D) 2500 s

30. Figure 6.5 shows that the shape of a part of a long string in which transverse waves are produced.
Which pair of particles are in phase?
(A) A and G (B) D and G (C) B and E (D) C and K

73
31. The waves in which the particles of the medium travel in the same direction as the waves are
(A) Linear waves (B) Longitudinal waves
(C) Transverse waves (D) Electromagnetic waves

32. Velocity of sound is maximum in

(A) Iron (B) Mercury (C) Water (D) Air

33. The vibrating body while playing a violin is

(A) wire (B) the box of the violin (C) both wire and box (D) only air

34. The waves which propagate in metals are

(A) longitudinal (B) transverse (C) both (a) and (b) (D) neither (a) nor (b)

35. Velocity of sound is minimum in

(A) Nitrogen (B) Hydrogen (C) Air (D) Carbon dioxide

36. The distance between two consecutive points in the same phase is called
(A) pitch (B) velocity (C) wavelength (D) period

37. Sound takes some time to travel from one place to another. It will be maximum
(A) at night (B) during summer (C) during winter (D) nothing can be decided

38. The periodic time of a vibrating body is 0.01 sec. Its frequency will be
(A) 1.0 c/s (B) 10.0 c/s (C) 100.0 c/s (D) 1000.0 c/s

39. The sound propagates in a gaseous medium by

(A) transverse waves (B) longitudinal waves
(C) both (a) and (b) (D) neither (a) nor (b)

40. If a wave of wavelength 2 is travelling in a medium with velocity V, then the frequency is
v l 1
l vl V V
(A) (B) (C) (D)

41. If a wave of time period T travels with a velocity V, then the wavelength is given by
V 1 T
T VT V
(A) (B) VT (C) (D)

42. The motion of a simple pendulum is

(A) exactly simple harmonic (B) exactly rectilinear
(C) approximately simple harmonic (D) aperiodic

43. A particle is moving on a circular track with uniform speed. Its motion is

74
 (A) periodic and simple harmonic (B) periodic but not simple harmonic
(C) aperiodic (D) none of the above

44. The persistence of hearing for human beings is not more than
1 1 1
s s s
5 10 2
(A) 1 s (B) (C) (D)
45. Vibrations, whose amplitude
(A) free vibrations (B) damped vibrations
(C) forced vibrations (D) none of these

46. Waves produced due to the earthquake are known as

(A) seismic waves (B) shock waves
(C) infrasonic waves (D) none of these

47. The speed of electromagnetic waves in air is

(A) 3 x 105 km/s (B) 3 x107 km/s (C) 3 ×106 km/s (D) 3 × 108 km/s

48. Which of the following type

(A) Light waves (B) Radio waves (C) X-rays (D) Sound waves

49. Waves produced by supersonic jet planes are

(A) shock waves (B) seismic waves (C) infrasonics (D) none of these

50. On the surface Qf the moon, a clock will

(A) run slow (B) remain stationary (C) run fast (D) nothing can be decided

51. The frequency of a second’s pendulum is

(A) 0.5 Hz (B) 1.0 Hz (C) 2.0 Hz (D) none of these

52. Which of the following type of wave is different from others?

(A) waves in the strings of musical instruments (B) water waves
(C) light waves (D) sound waves

53. The speed of a wave is 340 ms1. What is the wavelength of the wave if its frequency is 500 Hz?
(A) 0.68 m (B) 6.8 m (C) 68 m (D) 0.68 cm

54. The SI unit of amplitude of oscillation is

(A) cm (B) m (C) km (D) none of these

55. Echo is produced due to

(A) reflection of sound (B) refraction of sound (C) resonance (D) none of these

56. The echo will be heard if the original sound reflected by an ears after

57. An echo will be heard if the minimum distance between the source of sound and the obstacle is
(A) 1 m (B) 10 m (C) 15 m (D) 17 m

58. SONAR is based on the principle of

(A) echo (B) resonance (C) reverberation (D) any one of the above

59. The audible range of frequencies is

(A) 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz (B) 40 Hz to 40,000 Hz
(C) 60 Hz to 60,000 Hz (D) 10 Hz to 20,000 Hz

60. Which of the following frequency of sound can’t be heard by human beings?
(A) 5 Hz (B) 20 Hz (C) 400 Hz (D) 1000 Hz

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61. Which of the following frequency of sound can’t be heard by human beings?
(A) 40 Hz (B) 400 Hz (C) 4000 Hz (D) 40,000 Hz

62. Velocity of sound in air is about

(A) 330 m/s (B) 360 m/s (C) 380 m/s (D) 400 m/s

63. The depth of the troughs of a wave are called

(A) amplitude (B) displacement (C) frequency (D) none of these

64. The height of the crests of a wave are called

(A) amplitude (B) displacement (C) frequency (D) none of these

65. A long flexible spring is called

(A) spring balance (B) slinky (C) beam balance (D) none of these

66. A pulse is a wave

(A) of short duration (B) of long duration (C) of very long duration (D) none of these

67. A sound wave is travelling from East to West. In which direction do the molecules in the air move?
(A) East to West (B) West to North (C) North to South (D) South to North

68. A periodic wave is characterized by

(A) phase only (B) wavelength only (C) frequency only (D) all the above

69. A periodic wave is characterized by

(A) frequency only (B) amplitude only (C) time period only (D) all the above

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70. The distance between a crest and the next trough in a transverse wave is (in terms of wavelength )
l l
l 2l 4 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
71. The number of crests passing a given point in one second is (where T is time period and v is frequency)
(A) T (B) v (C) 2T (D) 2v

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72. The time taken by a crest to travel a distance is
T T T
2 4 8
(A) (B) (C) (D) T

73. The distance between a compression and the next rarefaction in a longitudinal wave is
l 3l
l 2 4 2l
(A) (B) (C) (D)

74. What name has been given to the wave of short duration?
(A) pulse (B) periodic wave (C) elastic wave (D) none of these

75. Waves transfer ‘X’ from one place to another. Here ‘X’ refers to
(A) mass (B) velocity (C) wavelength (D) energy

Answers

Q. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Ans. A A D B B D D D B B

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Q. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Ans. B A B C A A A A A D

Q. 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Ans. B B B A B C D C B A

Q. 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

Ans. B A C C D C C C B A

Q. 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

Ans. B C B C C A A D A A

Q. 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

Ans. A D A B A D D A A A

Q. 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

Ans. D A A A B A A D D D

Q. 71 72 73 74 75

Ans. B D B A D

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II True or False statement

State whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F):

1. The period of oscillation of a simple pendulum varies directly with the square root of the length.

2. The period of oscillation of a simple pendulum is inversely proportional to the square root of cceleration
due to gravity.

3. The ‘time period is smaller’ means that pendulum will vibrate slowly.

4. The period of oscillation of a simple pendulum is directly proportional to the mass of the job.

5. Restoring force is not required to produce to and fro motion.

6. If a pendulum clock is taken from the equator to the poles, time period increases.

7. The effective length of a pendulum is the distance between the point of supension and the centre of
gravity of the bob.

8. A pendulum whose time period is 2 s, is called second’s pendulum.

9. A stretched spring always tends to return to its normal length due to restoring force.

10. The oscillations of a simple pendulum are isochronous.

11. The force which tries to bring the body back to its normal position is called the deforming force.

12. Sound waves require a medium for their propagation.

13. All sound waves are caused by vibrations.

14. In a metal, the sound waves that propagate are always transverse.

15. Wavelength is measured in Hertz.

16. Since sound waves can travel through air, and air can transmit only transverse waves, it follows that
sound travels as transverse waves.

17. Light is a longitudinal wave.

18. Wave velocity is equal to particle velocity.

19. Wave motion is different from heat conduction in one respect that the latter needs a temperature
difference whereas the former does not.

20. Transverse waves cannot propagate in a gas.

21. Wavelength is the distance between two particles of the same medium in the opposite phase.

22. Frequency of sound waves can be expressed in cycles per second.

23. Since liquids and solids possess elastic properties, so transverse wave motion is possible in both.

24. Momentum is transported along with a wave.

25. Louder sound travels faster in air than a feeble sound.

26. Frequency of sound is related to its pitch.

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Answer

Q. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Ans. T T F F F F T T T T

Q. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Ans. F T T F F F F F T T

Q. 21 22 23 24 25 26

Ans. F T T T F T

III. FILL IN THE BLANKS

Fill in the blanks using suitable word (s):

1. A wave motion travels at the same __________ in all directions in any medium.

2. During wave motion, there is no transfer of through the medium.

3. Mechanical waves cannot travel through

4. Electromagnetic waves are __________ waves.

5. Electromagnetic waves travel with the speed of __________ ms1.

6. Sound waves are __________ waves.

7. __________ waves consist of compressions and rarefactions.

8. ___________ waves consist of crests and troughs.

9. A wave of short duration is called a __________

10. A __________ exists for a longer duration.

11. The distance between two nearest crests is called its ___________

12. The frequency of a wave does not depend upon the _________ of the medium through which it passes.

13. The SI unit of time period is __________

14. __________ is the SI unit of frequency.

15. The distance travelled by a wave in one second is called __________

16. The SI unit of amplitude is __________

17. 1 wave cycle per second is equal to __________

18. Sound Navigation and Ranging is abbreviated as __________

19. Sound waves of frequency less than 20 Hz are __________ waves.

20. Wave motion carries __________ from one place to another place in a medium.

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Answers:
1. Speed 2. matter 3. vacuum 4. transverse
5. 3 × 108 6. mechanical 7. longitudinal 8. transverse
9. pulse 10. wave 11. wavelength 12. nature
13. second 14. Hz 15. wave velocity 16. m
17. 1 Hz 18. Sonar 19. infrasonic 20. energy

IV MATCH THE ITEMS

Match the items of Column A with the corresponding items of Column B.

Column A Column B
1. Sound waves of frequency (a) 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz
less than 20 Hz
2. Second’s pendulum (b) wavelength
3. Audible range of frequency (c) cycle per second
4. Distance between two successive (d) about 340 ms1
compressions
5. Unit of frequency (e) infrasonic waves
6. Speed of sound waves in air (f) time period is 2 s

Answers
1. (e) 2. (f) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (c) 6. (d)

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