Objectives_template

  Module 5: Video Modeling

  Lecture 26: Need for video modeling, Introduction to parametric video models
 
 
 The Lecture Contains:
 
  Video Modeling
 
  Object Model
 
  Shape Model
 
 
 
 
 
 

file:///D|/...0(Ganesh%20Rana)/MY%20COURSE_Ganesh%20Rana/Prof.%20Sumana%20Gupta/FINAL%20DVSP/lecture%2026/26_1.htm[12/31/2015 1:18:42 PM]

Objectives_template

  Module 5: Video Modeling

  Lecture 26: Need for video modeling, Introduction to parametric video models
  
  Video Modeling
  One of the tasks of digital video processing is to describe the changes between consecutive images
  of a video sequence in terms of object motion and other effects, such as illumination changes and
 
camera motion.
 
In order to relate the changes in real world to changes in video sequence, we need 'video modeling'
 
  i.e. parametric models that describe the real world and the image generation process.
  The important parametric models are:
 
  Object model
  Illumination model
  Scene model
Camera model
Each of these models describes the assumptions that we make about the real world.
 
Using image analysis, we estimate the parameters of the model from the video sequence of images
of the real world. The camera model is described in a separate module.
 
 

file:///D|/...0(Ganesh%20Rana)/MY%20COURSE_Ganesh%20Rana/Prof.%20Sumana%20Gupta/FINAL%20DVSP/lecture%2026/26_2.htm[12/31/2015 1:18:42 PM]

Objectives_template

  Module 5: Video Modeling

  Lecture 26: Need for video modeling, Introduction to parametric video models
  
  Object Model
  This describes the assumptions made about real objects. In a scene, objects are entities and are
  considered as separate items. Depending on the application, the interpretation of what an object is
 
can change. As an example, for traffic surveillance we consider each car to be an object; whereas,
 
for video coding, we might define an object in terms of its motion. Hence the car is segmented into
 
  rotating wheels and a translating moving body.
  In general, an object is defined by texture, shape and motion models.
 
  Texture model describes the surface properties of an object. We assume that the texture of an
  object ‘m' is described by the color parameters S m . The color parameters contain both the
  luminance and chrominance reflectance.
  
 

file:///D|/...0(Ganesh%20Rana)/MY%20COURSE_Ganesh%20Rana/Prof.%20Sumana%20Gupta/FINAL%20DVSP/lecture%2026/26_3.htm[12/31/2015 1:18:42 PM]

Objectives_template

  Module 5: Video Modeling

  Lecture 26: Need for video modeling, Introduction to parametric video models
  
  Shape Model
  For a 3-D object shape model is generally described by the 3-D space that it occupies. If the 3-D
  space is quantized into small cubes of edge length w (as shown below) called voxels, then we can
 
determine for each voxel whether it belongs to the object or not.
 
  This is shown in Figure(5.1) below. Object shapes can be concave or convex and can have holes.
 
  We assume that a path exists for a point on an object to any other point, without leaving the object.
  That is, the object is topologically connected. The projection of an object on an image plane might
  result in topologically disconnected regions due to occlusions (or covered object parts) or parts of the
  object been outside of the image plane.
 
Since we are not interested in the interior of an object, a voxel representation is generally inefficient
in terms of memory. Alternatively, we choose to describe the shape of an object by it surface. To do
this, a mesh of triangles referred to as "wireframe" is used. The mesh of triangles is made up of
vertices referred to as "Control points ". In addition to the control points, we prepare a list that
defines which control points define the triangles.

As an example consider a wireframe or mesh of triangles shown in Fig. (5.2 ).

Assuming that the list of control points is numbered from (1 to 5), we can use these numbers as
  indices for the control points. The surface patches or face is defined as a list of the indices that
defines that patch. This list of indices is called an indexed face- set list. The control points of a
wireframe are located on the object surface. The number and location of control points are
determined by the object shape as well as accuracy with which the wireframe model is used to
describe the object shape.

As long as the control points cannot be moved independently, we say the object is rigid and cannot
change its shape. Otherwise, the object is flexible and can change its shape.
 
 

file:///D|/...0(Ganesh%20Rana)/MY%20COURSE_Ganesh%20Rana/Prof.%20Sumana%20Gupta/FINAL%20DVSP/lecture%2026/26_4.htm[12/31/2015 1:18:43 PM]