Assignment

Production and Operation Management

Submitted to:
Dr. Syed Mohsin Ali Kazmi
Submitted to:
Maham Fatima
Reg#2018-BET-CHEM-08

Department of Chemical, Polymer & Composite Material Engineering

University of Engineering and Technology New Campus, Lahore
Session#18

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 Caustic soda Manufacturing process
dichlorination

Depleted brine
Brine

Precipitants
NaCl

Rock Salt Mountain

Brine Saturation Precipitation

Primary brine
Water

Secondary Purified Filtrated

brine brine brine

Filtration of brine
(Secondary Brine) Ion Exchanger Purifiers
Electrolyzer

Residue

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 Chlor-Alkali process

Caustic solution Chlorine gas

concentration
Cooling and

Cooling
Hydrogen gas

Drying
Cooling
Cooling

Compression
Sodium hydroxide
Storage Tank

Evaporation
Chlorine

Hydrogen
Tank Page 3|6
Questions
1. What should be the product?

The product after Chlor-Alkali process should be caustic soda, chlorine gas and hydrogen gas.

2. Is there demand of caustic soda or not?

The global caustic soda market is expected to grow significantly. Further, with growing chemical industry, it is expected that the demand for
caustic soda will also increase as caustic soda is used in manufacturing of organic and inorganic chemical. It is key product of Pakistan Chlor-
Alkali industry.

3. How much caustic soda should be produced?

It depends on industry requirement each caustic soda manufacturing industry produced according to their production demand. Pakistan has
sufficient production capacity of caustic soda to cater the needs of the local industry. Presently, Pakistan has four major plants with production
capacity around 435,000 mega ton per year of caustic soda of various grades with Sitara chemical being largest contributor (42%), Ittehad
Chemicals (33%), Engro polymers (23%), Nimir Industries chemicals (2%) Textile industry of Pakistan is the major consumer of produced
high-grade (43%) caustic soda.

4. When should be caustic soda produced?

It is produced by evaporation of liquid Caustic Soda solution to the anhydrous state, and subsequent conversion to either a Solid or a Flakes
form.

5. Who is going to produced caustic soda?

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 • Ittehad chemicals
• Sitara chemicals
• Engro polymer and chemical limited
• Nimir industries chemicals
• Textile industries
• Abkari chemicals Limited
6. How much raw material is needed?

Salt is about 300gm per liter and 90 to 110 liter per hour is almost process flow and rock salt are about 150 Mega Ton is used for the production
of caustic soda. It require 8 hours calculation should be made on day basis (24) hours.

7. When it is needed?

Caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) is a versatile alkali. Its main uses are in the manufacture of pulp and paper, alumina, soap and detergents,
petroleum products and chemical production. Other applications include water treatment, food, textiles, metal processing, mining, glass making
and others.

One of the largest consumers of caustic soda is the pulp and paper industry where it is used in pulping and bleaching processes, the de-inking of
waste paper and water treatment. The production of alumina from bauxite is a major end-use application for caustic soda Caustic soda is a basic
feedstock in the manufacture of a wide range of chemicals. It is used as an intermediate and a reactant in processes that produce solvents, plastics,
synthetic fibres, bleach, adhesives, coatings, herbicides, dyes, inks and pharmaceuticals. It is also used to neutralise acidic waste streams and the
scrubbing of acidic components from off-gases.

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Other uses include the saponification or conversion of fat, tallow and vegetable oils in soap manufacture, and in the manufacture of surfactants for
detergents. It is used in the petroleum and natural gas industries to remove acidic materials from hydrocarbons and off-gases. In the textile sector,
it is used in the chemical processing of cotton and the dying of synthetic fibres

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