HVDCP Oil Gas

Power Quality for AC & DC Systems
HVDC
with
VSC -
HVDC PLUS
© Siemens AG
1 Oct. 2007 PTD H1 Power Transmission and Distribution
HVDC PLUS (Power Link Universal System)
Topologies and Applications
Voltage sourced converter (VSC) topologies can be used for:

HVDC Cable transmission systems (submarine and underground)
Coupling of asynchronous AC networks as back to back solution
FACTS, Active Filter
Overhead line HVDC transmission
Fields of application of VSC technology:

Energy transmission
Energy distribution
Power generation (wind parks)
Oil and gas industry
Power supply of mega cities
© Siemens AG
HVDC PLUS (Power Link Universal System)
Shore to Off-Shore Supply
On-Shore Submarine Cable Off-Shore

Converter Converter
¾ HVDC Technologie based on Voltage

Source Converters (VSC) up to
500MW and +/-300kV DC Voltage
¾ Use of Insulated Gate Bipolar

Transistors (IGBTs) instead of GTOs
or Thyristors
© Siemens AG
New additional Applications with HVDC PLUS
(up to 1000 MW)
Î Long-Distance Transmission Grid Access for Distributed Generation

from regenerative Sources
Î System Interconnections
Î Cable Interconnections
Extension of
Overhead Lines
Supply of
Isolated Grids
Grid Access for

Offshore Wind Farms
Supply of Facilities of
Oil and Gas Industry
© Siemens AG
HVDC PLUS –
The Power Link Universal System
HVDC PLUS – One Step Ahead

Compact Modular Design
Less Space Requirements
Advanced VSC Technology
Siemens uses MMC Technology

(Modular Multilevel Converter)
Clean Energy to Platforms &
Islands …
© Siemens AG
The Evolution of HVDC PLUS and VSC Technology
Topologies: Two-Level Three-Level Multilevel
GTO / IGCT IGBT in PP IGBT Module
Power
Electronic
Devices:
© Siemens AG
VSC Technology – A Look back
+Vd /2
Vd /2
0 )
VConv.
Vd /2
- Vd / 2
Desired voltage Realized voltage
High harmonic Distortion

High Stresses resulting in HF Noise
© Siemens AG
The Multilevel Approach
Vd /2
VConv.
Vd /2
Small Converter AC Voltage Steps

Small Rate of Rise of Voltage
© Siemens AG
The Advanced Multilevel Approach:
MMC – Modular Multilevel Converter
Vd
VConv.
Low Generation of Harmonics

Low HF Noise
Low Switching Losses
No Snubbers required
© Siemens AG
HVDC PLUS with MMC – Basic Scheme
Converter Module
SM 1 SM 1 SM 1
SM 2 SM 2 SM 2
Submodule (SM)
SM n SM n SM n
Vd
ud
SM 1 SM 1 SM 1
D1 SM 2 SM 2 SM 2
IGBT1
D2 SM n SM n SM n
IGBT2
Phase Arm
Phase Unit
© Siemens AG
States and Current Paths of a Submodule in the
MMC topology – an Advanced Solution
State
State 11 State
State 2 2 State
State 33
Off On Off
Off Off On
Off On Off
Off Off On
© Siemens AG
Perfect Voltage Generation
Modular Multilevel Converter
AC and DC voltages controlled

by converter leg voltages:
+Ud/2
Uac
-Ud/2
© Siemens AG
MMC – AC & DC Converter Currents ...
+Vd/2
+ + + IIdd
… controlled by Voltage
Sources
IAC IAC /2
IdId/3/3 Control
IAC /2
+ + +
-Vd/2
© Siemens AG
MMC – Redundant Submodule Design
PLUSCONTROL
High-Speed Bypass Switch
Phase Unit Submodule
© Siemens AG
Fully suitable for DC OHL Application:
Line-to-Line Fault – a crucial Issue
PLUSCONTROL
Protective Thyristor Switch
Phase Unit Submodule
© Siemens AG
Line-to-Line DC Fault
Submodule
Phase Unit
© Siemens AG
Converter Reactors
Parallel connection of
three voltage sources
Damp balancing currents

between different phases
Limit current gradient during

severe faults
Phase Unit
© Siemens AG
HVDC PLUS – The Advanced MMC Technology
Typical Converter Arrangement for 400 MW
Optional Seismic
Reinforcements
Converter Module with more than 200 Submodules

© Siemens AG
30 MW Hardware Functional Performance
Tests – The Converter (Top View and Side Views)
© Siemens AG
Main Tasks of PLUSCONTROL TM
Calculation of required
Control of Active and
Converter Module
Reactive Power
Voltages
Selection of Submodules Submodule Voltage

to be switched Balancing Control
SIMATIC TDC
1
Measuring System
2
SIMATIC TDC
C&P System n
© Siemens AG
Main Features of PLUSCONTROL TM
Standard 19 inch racks
Highest degree of modularity

Highly
Advanced redundancy concept flexible
and
Hot plug capability of PCBs and fans highly
reliable
High submodule interfacing capability control
system
High numerical and logical performance
Integration into proven SIMATIC TDC systems
© Siemens AG
Options for Transmission Redundancy
= = = = = =
b) Solution with 3 Cables ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
= = = = = =
G~ G~
= = = = = =
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
= = = = = =
Bipole
a) Solution with 4 Cables
HVDC Transformers required
= = = = = =
Symmetrical Monopole
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
= = = = = =
G~ G~
= = = = = =
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Use of Standard AC Transformers
= = = = = =
© Siemens AG
Features and Benefits of MMC Topology
Low Switching Frequency of
Low Converter Losses *
Semiconductors
Only small or even no Filters
Low Generation of Harmonics
required
High Modularity in Hardware High Flexibility, economical
and Software from low to high Power Ratings
Use of well-proven Standard High Availability of State-of-
Components the-Art Components
Sinus shaped AC Voltage Use of standard AC
Waveforms Transformers
Low Engineering Efforts,
Easy Scalability
Power Range up to 1000 MW
Reduced Number of Primary High Reliability, low
Components Maintenance Requirements
Low Rate of Rise of Currents
Robust System
even during Faults
* 2.8 % – both Stations
© Siemens AG
Benefits of HVDC PLUS
Space
Saving
HVDC PLUS
Example
400 MW
HVDC
“Classic Power Transmission and Distribution
”
© Siemens AG
Example of HVDC PLUS Station: 2 x 100 MW
bles
Options: Ca
) DC B
a B2
D C
b)
85 m 96 m
© Siemens AG
HVDC PLUS Station – Option for 100 MW B2B
Half the Width by vertical Arrangement: 2 Reactors and 2 Converter Modules on Top of each other
© Siemens AG
Results of Computer Simulation: 400 MW
with 200 Submodules per Converter Module
PLOTS : Graphs
+Ud -Ud US1 US2 US3
250
200
150
VDC + 200 kV
100
50
AC Converter Voltages
U [kV]
0
-50
-100
-150
-200
-250
VDC - 200 kV
is1 is2 is3
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00 Currents in the AC Terminals
I [kA]
-0.50
-1.00
-1.50
-2.00
i1p i2p i3p i1n i2n i3n
0.75
0.50
0.25
0.00
-0.25
Six Converter Module Currents
I [kA]
-0.50
-0.75
-1.00
-1.25
-1.50
1.000 1.010
Obviously, no AC Filters required
1.020
© Siemens AG
Dynamic Response to an AC Line-to-Ground
Busbar Fault – Inv. Side (Computer Simulation)
CONVERTER B
UL1 UL2 UL3
100
75
50
25
v_prim (kV)
AC Busbar Voltages 0
-25
-50
-75
-100
US1 US2 US3 UdHP_B UdHN_B

250
VDC + 200 kV 200

150
100
v_conv, v_dc (kV)

50
AC Converter Voltages 0
-50
-100
-150
VDC - 200 kV -200

-250
IdHP_B IdHN_B
1.20
DC Converter Current 1.00

i_dc (kA)
0.80
Fault Ride-Through Capability 0.60
0.40
1.950 2.000 2.050 2.100 2.150 2.200
© Siemens AG
Dynamic Response to an AC Line-to-Ground
Remote Fault – Inv. Side (Computer Simulation)
PLOTS : Graphs
UL1 UL2 UL3
100
75
50
25
v_prim (kV)
AC Busbar Voltages 0
-25
-50
-75
-100
US1 US2 US3 UdHP_B UdHN_B

250
VDC + 200 kV 200
150
100
v_conv, v_dc (kV)

50
AC Converter Voltages 0
-50
-100
-150
VDC - 200 kV -200

-250
IdHP_B IdHN_B
1.20
DC Converter Current 1.00
Fault Ride-Through Capability 0.80

i_dc (kA)
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
1.950 2.000 2.050 2.100 2.150 2.200
© Siemens AG
General Features of VSC Technology
Grid Access of weak AC Networks
Independent Control of Active and Reactive Power
Supply of passive Networks and Black-Start Capability
High dynamic performance
Low Space Requirements
Additional Features and Benefits of HVDC PLUS
© Siemens AG
Trans Bay Cable Project, USA
World’s 1st VSC HVDC with MMC-Technology
Energy Exchange
by Sea Cable 2010
No Increase in
~ ~ ~
= = =
= = =
Short-Circuit Power
=
~
=
= = =
= = =
~ ~ ~
Elimination of Transmission Bottlenecks

= =
~
P = 400 MW,
± 200 kV DC
Q = +/- 170-300 MVAr Dynamic Voltage Support
Cable
© Siemens AG
Trans Bay Cable Project, USA
World’s 1st VSC HVDC with ± 200 kV XLPE DC Cable
Converter: Modular Multilevel HVDC PLUS Converter
Rated Power: 400 MW @ AC Terminal receiving End
DC Voltage: ± 200 kV
Submarine Cable: Extruded Insulation DC Cable
PG&E PG&E
Potrero San Pittsburg
Substation Francisco Pittsburg Substation
< 1 mile 1 mile 53 miles 1 mile < 3 miles
San Francisco – San Pablo –

Suisun Bays
AC AC
Cables Cables
115 kV AC/DC AC/DC 230 kV
Substation Converter Submarine Converter Substation
Station DC Cables Station
© Siemens AG
HVDC PLUS for Off shore application
AC versus DC
AC - System Versus DC - System
50 to 80 km Max. cable length No Limitations
Typical North Sea requirement > 200 km
© Siemens AG
Typical System Configuration
Platform A
ol tage
DC V
Platform B
100-170 kV AC
~
60 Hz Platform C
Platform for
converter
Platform D Oil/Gas Field
HVDC transmission systems

HVAC transmission systems
A
Oil- and Gas production platforms
© Siemens AG
Typical System Configuration
Cluster A
150 MW
120
240
km
km
Cluster B
200 MW 180 km
km
Forties
160
EV HA 7M HVDC PLUS Workshop, Erlangen, Dec 2000
Peterhead Cluster C
Andrew
220 ... 660 MW
200 km km
200 km 00 Armada
Alba 3
300 k Britannia
m
Forties E Everest
Cluster D
270 ... 620 MW
Nelson
Dr. Ralf Bergmann

Kittiwake Montrose
Marnock
Gannet HVDC
HVDCTransmission
TransmissionSystems:
Systems:
© Siemens AG
Off Shore converter station
Offshore converter station Outline: 46 x 35 m2

Height: 20m
Platform mounted AC
distribution switchgear
© Siemens AG
Benefits
Reduction of maintenance, no generation on the platform
Decrease of energy costs, participation in deregulated market
Reduction of emission
Î Vision
Unmanned Supply Platform
© Siemens AG
Siemens FACTS & HVDC - worldwide
Trans Bay Cable Lamar 2005 2 Bellaire & Crosby 2008 2 Thannet, 3 Greater Gabbard 2009-2011 Radsted 2006 Ghusais,
2010 Virginia Smith 1988 Etzenricht 1993 Hamria, 1997
Inez 1998 Rejsby Hede 1997 Siems 2004
Wien Südost 1993 Mankhool,
Lugo 1985 Spring Valley 1986 2 Pelham, 2 Harker &
Satwa
3, 2 El Dorado 2 Dominion 2003 2 Central, 1991-1994
.• .
2006 2 Marcy 2001-2003 Moyle MSC 2003
2, 2 Gorakhpur
Devers 2006 Brushy Hill 1988 Willington
3 Montagnais 1993 1997
•• 2 x 1.7 GVAr ! 2, 2 Purnea
2006
Nine Mile 2005
•• ••
Dayton 2006
Châteauguay 1984 •
•
• • Sullivan 1995 Dürnrohr 1983
Kanjin (Korea) 2002
Porter 2006
Paul Sweet 1998 • •• • Jacinto 2000 2 Hoya Morena & 2 Lucknow 2006 • 2 Fengjie 2006
2 Adelanto 1995 ••••••• • •• •• Welsh 1995 Jijona 2004 • 2 Yangcheng 2000
• •• •• • Laredo 2000 2 Benejama & •
•
•
• ••
2 Midway 2004 2 Hechi 2003
Seguin 1998 Saladas 2006
3 Vincent 2000 Kayenta 1992 2 Zem Zem 1983 •• 2, 2 Tian Guang 2003
•••• ••• 3 Puti 2005
Clapham 1995, Nopala 2007 •
Ahafo 2006
Refurbishment •
.
Cerro Gordo 1999 2 Gooty 2003
Military Highway 2000
Eddy County 1992
2 Tecali 2002 •
3 Juile 2002 •
Sao Luis 2007
Buzwagi 2007
Dodoma 2008
Baish 2005 •
Samitah 2006 . •
2 Cuddapah 2003
2 Sabah 2006
Chinú 1998
Fortaleza 1986 ••• Iringa 2006
La Pila 1999 • • • Shinyanga
Cano Limón 1997
• • •• Milagres 1988 2006 K.I. North 2004 • •
Imperatriz 1999 • Campina Grande 2000
5 North-South III, Lot B 2007 • • • Maputo 2003 Jember 1994
• Funil 2001
Sinop 2007 • Barberton 2003 Kapal 1994
••
P. Dutra 1997
•
Serra de Mesa 1999
Samambaia 2002 •
•
• •••
Illov
o
Athen
Alligator Creek 2009
1994-1995
•
•
Bom Jesus da Lapa 2002 e
Impala
Acaray 1981 Nebo 2007,
Ibiuna 2002 Muldersvlei 1997 Refurbishment
Atacama 1999
Limpio 2003 9 Powerlink Strathmore 2007
Series Parallel Load Flow 2007, 2 Kemps Creek 1989

Refurbishment 2 Greenbank & Southpine
2008
FSC SVC B2B/GPFC
Plus 23 Projects for
… and over 120 Industry NGH MSC/R UPFC
HVDC Long-Distance
SVCs all over the World TPSC STATCOM CSC Transmission …
Flicker STATCOM
In total: over TCSC HVDC PLUS 8 alone between 2000 &
Status: 01-2008 180 SVCs SVC PLUS 17 x VSC 2005 on 4 Continents
© Siemens AG
Siemens is successful in the HVDC Business –
World’s 1st VSC for more than 30 Years World’s 1st HVDC with LTT
HVDC with MMC-
2010 and integrated BOD
Technology Trans Bay Cable
1993 1983
2007 2001 Etzenricht Dürnrohr
Neptune Moyle 2010
1977/2004 Storebælt 1993
Nelson River Wien Südost
1984 2010
Poste Châte. Bridnet
1989
Ge-Nan
1997/2004 2011
Celilo Spain-Mallorca
2004
GuG I
World’s 1st 1995 2009
HVDC with Sylmar East Ballia- 2007
Bhiwadi
GuG II
500 kV DC 1987 2003/2007
Virginia Smith ESI 2000
Cable TSQ
2005 2001
Lamar Thailand- 2009/2010
World’s 1st 1981 Malaysia Yunnan-
Guangdong
1995 1977/1998 2005
HVDC with Welsh
Acaray
Cahora Bassa Basslink
8 kV Thyristors
World’s longest HVDC Cable in Operation
World’s 1st HVDC with Transmission World’s 1st HVDC with Transmission
Voltage above 500 kV Status: 01-2008 Voltage of 800 kV !
© Siemens AG
Power Transmission and Distribution
Thank You
for Your Attention!
© Siemens AG

HVDCP Oil Gas

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Power Quality for AC & DC Systems

Voltage sourced converter (VSC) topologies can be used for:

Fields of application of VSC technology:

On-Shore Submarine Cable Off-Shore

¾ HVDC Technologie based on Voltage

¾ Use of Insulated Gate Bipolar

Î Long-Distance Transmission Grid Access for Distributed Generation

Grid Access for

HVDC PLUS – One Step Ahead

Siemens uses MMC Technology

GTO / IGCT IGBT in PP IGBT Module

High harmonic Distortion

Small Converter AC Voltage Steps

Low Generation of Harmonics

Modular Multilevel Converter

AC and DC voltages controlled

Phase Unit Submodule

Phase Unit Submodule

Damp balancing currents

Limit current gradient during

Converter Module with more than 200 Submodules

Selection of Submodules Submodule Voltage

Standard 19 inch racks

Highest degree of modularity

Integration into proven SIMATIC TDC systems

* 2.8 % – both Stations

US1 US2 US3 UdHP_B UdHN_B

VDC + 200 kV 200

v_conv, v_dc (kV)

VDC - 200 kV -200

DC Converter Current 1.00

Fault Ride-Through Capability 0.60

US1 US2 US3 UdHP_B UdHN_B

VDC + 200 kV 200

v_conv, v_dc (kV)

VDC - 200 kV -200

DC Converter Current 1.00

Fault Ride-Through Capability 0.80

Grid Access of weak AC Networks

Independent Control of Active and Reactive Power

Supply of passive Networks and Black-Start Capability

High dynamic performance

Low Space Requirements

Additional Features and Benefits of HVDC PLUS

Elimination of Transmission Bottlenecks

< 1 mile 1 mile 53 miles 1 mile < 3 miles

San Francisco – San Pablo –

AC - System Versus DC - System

50 to 80 km Max. cable length No Limitations

Typical North Sea requirement > 200 km

HVDC transmission systems

Dr. Ralf Bergmann

Offshore converter station Outline: 46 x 35 m2

Reduction of maintenance, no generation on the platform

Decrease of energy costs, participation in deregulated market

Series Parallel Load Flow 2007, 2 Kemps Creek 1989

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