Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SDH Training Document
SDH Training Document
SDH Training Document
Training document
POH bytes - ITU-T standardization update
(G.707)
261
J1
B3
C2
G1
9 F2
H4
F3
K3
N1
VC-4 POH
These bits are allocated for future use. These bits have no
defined value. The receiver is required to ignore their
content.
POH bytes - ITU-T standardization update
(G.707)
261
J1
B3
C2
G1
9 F2
H4
F3
K3
N1
VC-4 POH
These bits are allocated for future use. These bits have no
defined value. The receiver is required to ignore their
content.
POH bytes - ITU-T standardization update
(G.707)
V5
RRRRRRRR
32 bytes
RRRRRRRR
J2
C 1 C2 O O O O R R
32 bytes
RRRRRRRR
140
bytes N2
C 1 C2 O O O O R R
32 bytes
RRRRRRRR
K4
C 1 C 2 R R R R R S1
S2 D D D D D D D
31 bytes
RRRRRRRR
T1523020-96
(108449)
D Data bit
R Fixed stuff bit
O Overhead bit
S Justification opportunity bit
C Justification control bit
9.3.2.1 V5 byte
The byte V5 provides the functions of error checking, signal label and path status of the VC-
2/VC-1 paths. The bit assignments of the V5 byte are illustrated in Figure 9-9.
Bits 1 and 2 are used for error performance monitoring. Note that the calculation of the BIP-2
includes the VC-2/VC-1 POH bytes but excludes bytes V1, V2, V3 (except when used for
negative justification) and V4.
Bit 3 is a VC-2/VC-1 path Remote Error indication (REI) (former FEBE) indication that is set to
one and sent back towards a VC-2/VC-1 path originator if one or more errors were detected by
the BIP-2, and is otherwise set to zero.
Bit 8 is set to 1 to indicate a VC-2/VC-1 path Remote Defect Indication (RDI)(former FERF),
otherwise it is set to zero.
Bit number:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
1. Select all the CEPT bit rates among those listed below.
a) 1,5 Mbit/s
b) 2 Mbit/s
c) 9,6 Mbit/s
d) 8 Mbit/s
e) 34 Mbit/s
f) 6 Mbit/s
g) 45 Mbit/s
h) 140 Mbit/s
a. 1800
b. 1880
c. 1920
d. 2020
e. 2100
a. Byte-by-byte multiplexing
b. Bit-by-bit multiplexing
c. Word-by-word multiplexing
d. Frame-by-frame multiplexing
5. A 2 Mbit/s signal shall be accessed in a 140 Mbit/s signal.
How many demultiplex operations have to be carried out ?
a. none
b. one
c. two
d. three
TEST - Characteristic of SDH multiplexing
PTR SOH
SOH Payload PTR SOH
A D
SOH SOH
SOH SOH
PTR Payload PTR Payload
B E
PTR SOH
SOH SOH
SOH PTR SOH Payload
C F
SOH PTR
3. How many bytes does the payload block of the STM-1 frame contain ?
a) 2430 byte
b) 2349 byte
c) 2239 byte
d) 81 byte
e) 72 byte
4. Which multiplex technique is used in the SDH ?
a) 1920
b) 7680
c) 10350
d) 25670
e) 30720
TEST - Mapping
a) D- and N- bits
b) Fixed Justification Bits
c) Service Bits
d) Overhead Bits
e) Justification Opportunity Bits
a) C–4
b) C–3
c) C–2
d) C – 12
e) C – 11
a) one
b) two
c) three
d) four
e) five
a) 1 x 140 Mbit/s
b) 3 x 34 Mbit/s
c) 63 x 2 Mbit/s
d) 2 x 34 Mbit/s + 21 x 2 Mbit/s
8. Describe the precise path of a two Mbit/s signal into tha STM-1.
1. Where can you find the AU-4 pointer in the STM-1 frame ?
H1
a) only 6
H2 H2
H3 H3 H3
b) 3 H1 H2 H3
H1
c) 5 H1 H2 H3
H3
H1 H1 H1
d) 9 H2 H2 H2
H3 H3 H3
3. Which of the 9 AU pointer bytes are used for the AU-4 pointer ?
H1 Y Y H2 “1” “1” H3 H3 H3
4. What kind of information can be found in the H1 and H2 byte of the AU-4
pointer ?
a) 27 b) 782 c) –25 d) 0
e) 33 f) 720 g) 5,3 h) 783
8) How many TU-12 pointer bytes are used for the transmission of 21 x 2
Mbit/s ?
a) 4 b) 42 c) 84 d) 64
TEST - Overhead
a) Error monitoring
b) Positive justification
c) Frame alignment
d) Path trace
a) 3 x 34 Mbit/s
b) 1 x 34 Mbit/s
c) TUG with ANSI signals
d) 1 x 140 Mbit/s
a) J1 b) C1 c) C2
d) B3 e) J2 f) F1
g) Z6/Z7 h) V1/V2 i) V5
j) K1/K2 k) D1-D12 l) S1
9. How many STM-1 frames are required to trnsmit the entire VC-12 POH
?
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) 5
TEST - MONITORING
1. What is the maximum number of bit errors which can be counted in the B1
byte during one second
a) 128.000
b) 640
c) 512.000
d) 32.000
e) 64.000
a) B1
b) B2
c) B3
a) Regenerator FERF
b) Section FERF
c) Path FERF
d) PDH – FERF
TEST - RESULTS
1) Æ b; d; e; h
2) Æ c
3) Æ d
4) Æ b
5) Æ d
1) Æ d
2) Æ E
3) Æ b
4) Æ a
5) Æ e
TEST - Mapping
1. Æ a; c
2. Æ a; b; d
3. Æ c
4. Æ b
5. Æ c
6. Æ d
7. Æ a; b; c; d
8. Æ b
TEST - Pointer
1) Æ b
2) Æ d
3) Æ H1; H2; H3,H3,H3
4) Æ a; c; e
5) Æ e
6) Æ a; b; d; e; f
7) Æ a; i
8) Æ c
TEST - Overhead
1) Æ a; c; d
2) Æ (no)
3) Æ c
4) Æ b
5) Æ a
6) Æ d
7) Æ b; c
8) Æ e; g; I
9) Æ d
TEST - Monitoring
1) Æ e
2) Æ b
3) Æ a
4) Æ b
5) Æ b; c