UNIT 4 - 5 ANIMAL Kingdom

INVERTEBRATES

UNIT 4 Pages 72-73

INTRODUCTION-What are animals like?

• They are multicellular organisms.

• They are formed by eukaryotic cells.

• They are heterotrophic organisms. They can be herbivores, carnivores or

omnivores.

• Animal classification

A. INVERTEBRATES
* They do not have a vertebral column or an internal skeleton.
* Invertebrates are classified as:
- Poríferos: sponges
- Cnidarios: jellyfish
- Gusanos: worms
- Moluscos: snails
- Artrópodos: insect
- Equinodermos: starfish

B. VERTEBRATES

* They have a vertebral column or an internal skeleton.

* Vertebrates are classified as:
- Peces: fish
- Anfibios: amphibians
- Reptiles: reptiles
- Aves: birds
- Mamíferos: mammals

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UNIT 5
Pages 92-93
1. PORÍFEROS y CNIDARIOS

1.1. PORÍFEROS - SPONGES

*They are marine animals.

*They live attached to rocks, the seabed or other animals...

* Their skeleton is made of tiny spicules and it is used for personal

hygiene.

*They are filter feeders. They feed on tiny organisms in the water:

1. Water passes through their pores.

2. And the particles are trapped (by coanocitos,which are in
the atrio), inside the sponge.
3. And then, water goes out through an upper hole called
ósculo.

(Draw and color the picture on the page 92)

1.2. CNIDARIOS

*Ex: medusas, anémonas, corales e hidras de agua dulce.

*Most of them live in the sea, although there are freshwater

species.

* (Cómo se nutren, en español, en clase) (Dejad espacio)

* Forms:
1. PÓLIPOS ( Polyps) live attached to the substrate and they
are bag-shaped.

2. MEDUSAS (jellyfish) float around the sea and they are

umbrella-shape.

* REPRODUCTION (en español, en clase) (Dejad espacio)

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Page 94-95
2. GUSANOS - WORMS

*Their bodies are long and soft.

*They do not have skeleton.

* Worms breathe through the skin (terrestrial worms) or gills

(aquatic worms).

* Worm classification:

A. Platelmintos
*They are worms with flat bodies.
*Examples:
● Platelmintos parásitos.
- They feed on other living organisms, causing irritation
or illness.
- TENIA (page 95) has flattened rings. Puede medir
entre 2 y 8 metros de longitud. Se fija al intestino.

● Platelmintos no parásitos.
- PLANARIAS (page 94) are very small.
They have flattened body.
They are able to regenerate lost parts of their body.

(Deja espacio para hacer un dibujo de la planaria en la pizarra)

B. Nematodos
* They are worms with a cylindrical body.
*Examples:
● Nematodos parásitos:
-ANISAKIS
(Deja espacio para explicarlo en español)
-LOMBRIZ INTESTINAL
(Deja espacio para explicarlo en español)

C. Anélidos
* Their body is cylindrical and long, with rings.
* Each ring has little hairs on it which they use to move.
* Examples:
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  Anélido parásito: sanguijuela
It feeds on the blood of other animals.

 Anélido no parásito: EARTHWORM (lombriz de tierra)

It feeds on nutrients from the soil.

Page 96-97
3. MOLUSCOS - MOLLUSCS

3.1. What are molluscs like?

(Estudia cómo se llaman las partes de los moluscos del dibujo de la

pág. 96)

3.2. The main types of molluscs.

A. Gasterópodos
* Examples: snails (caracoles), slugs (babosas), limpets (lapas)..
* Most of them have a spiral shell.
* They have a muscular foot and head.
* If they are aquatic, they use gills for respiration, if they are
terrestrial they breathe with a lung.

B. Bivalvos
* Examples: mussels (mejillones), clams (almejas), oysters
(ostras), razor shells (navajas)…….
* Their shell is formed by two valves.
* They feed by filtering water.
* They breathe through gills.
* Their foot is used to move and dig.

C. Cefalópodos
* Examples: squids (calamares), octopuses (pulpos), cuttlefish
(sepias)…….
* They have two well-developed eyes and a set of tentacles
around the mouth.
* Some of them have an internal shell, called gladius or pen,
which looks like a sheet of plastic.
* They breathe through gills.
* They are carnivores. (Pico de loro) is used to crush their
prey.
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Page 98 – 99 – 100 -101
4. ARTRÓPODOS - ARTHROPODS

4.1. What are arthropods like? Page 98 – 99

* Their body is protected by a rigid shell (exoskeleton)

* Their legs, antennae ……. están articuladas.
* If they are aquatic, they use gills for respiration.
* If they are terrestrial, they breathe through tráqueas which
are branching internal tubes that carry the air from outside
to the cells.
* REPRODUCTION
a) Arthropods are oviparous because they hatch from an
egg.
b) And they can undergo metamorphosis. Types of
metamorphosis:
1. Metamorfosis incompleta.
(Dejad un hueco para escribirlo en español)

2. Metamorfosis completa.
(Dejad un hueco para escribirlo en español)

4.2. The main types of arthropods. Pages 100 - 101

(Dejad un hueco para escribir en español las diferencias entre quelicerados

y mandibulados)

A. Aracnids
* Examples: spiders (arañas), scorpions, mites (ácaros) …….
* Their body is divided into cephalotorax an abdomen.
* Spiders produce silk for weaving their webs.
* Scorpions have a stinger for injecting venom.
* They have four pairs of legs and simple eyes.

B. Insects
* Examples: grasshoppers (saltamontes), crickets (grillos),
butterflies, beetles (escarabajos), flies (moscas)…
* Their body is divided into a head, a tórax and abdomen.
* Their body is divided into cephalotorax an abdomen.
* They have three pair of legs.
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 * They have a pair of compound eyes.
* They are capable of flying.

C. Crustaceans
* Examples: crabs (cangrejos), prawns (gambas) and lobsters
(langostas) …….
* They are marine animals.
* Their body is divided into an cephalotorax and an abdomen.
* Their skeleton forms a hard shell.
* They have antennae and five pair of legs.
* They have a pair of compound eyes.

D. Myriapods
* Examples: centipedes (ciempies), milipedes (milpies …….
* They have a long body divides into a head and a trunk
(made up of many rings)
* They have a pair of antennae.
* They have two pairs of legs for each ring.

Pages 102 -103

5. EQUINODERMOS - ECHINODERMS

(Dejad un hueco para escribirlo en español)

6. INVERTEBRATES and PEOPLE

A. HELPFUL invertebrates
* Earthworm is good for agriculture.
* Coral is used in jewellery..
* Sponges are used in personal hygiene.
* Bees produce honey.
* Molluscs and crustaceans as used for food.

B. HARMFUL invertebrates
* Anisakis and tenia can cause disease.
* Scorpions and jellyfish can sting us.
* Aphids can form plagues.