An Analysis of Code-Mixing Found in Two Selected Videos by Nessie Judge

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
AN ANALYSIS OF CODE MIXING FOUND IN

TWO SELECTED VIDEOS BY NESSIE JUDGE
AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra
in English Letters
By
MARSHYKE TRISHARMA I. PELLO
Student Number: 154214112
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS

FACULTY OF LETTERS
UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA
YOGYAKARTA
2019
AN ANALYSIS OF CODE MIXING FOUND IN

TWO SELECTED VIDEOS BY NESSIE JUDGE
AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra
in English Letters
By
MARSHYKE TRISHARMA I. PELLO
Student Number: 154214112
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS

FACULTY OF LETTERS
UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA
YOGYAKARTA
2019
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“I can do all things through Christ who strengthens me”.
Philippians 4:13
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For
my papa,
my mama,
my sisters,
my brother,
my best buddies,
and anyone who always
supports me in every step of my life.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Writing this thesis has taught me many things. Certain people have been
a part of this long journey and have supported me during the process of finishing
this thesis. First, I am so thankful to God for His love, blessing, and every single
thing that He has given to me. He is the reason I can stand and bear this life.
Second, I am so grateful to have an amazing thesis advisor, Anna Fitriati,
S. Pd., M. Hum., for helping me in finishing this thesis. Thank you for your
patience in guiding me through this whole time. Third, I thank my co advisor and
academic advisor, Dr. Bernadine Ria Lestari, M. Sc, for guiding me during this
process. I also thank F. X. Risang Bagaskara, S. S., M. Hum., as my academic
advisor. Thank you for the support that has been given to me from the beginning
until now.
Fourth, I would like to thank my parents, my sisters, my brother, and my
best friends for their support and love. Having them as my support system is very
important for me. Fifth, I want to thank my brothers and sisters of GKB Bahtera
Hayat Yogyakarta. Thank you for the love, support, and patience that you all have
given to me. Last, I thank all of my friends that have been a part of my journey in
this university. Thank you for the support and help. I will cherish our memories
forever in my heart.
Marshyke Trisharma I. Pello
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE ................................................................................................. ii

APPROVAL PAGE ...................................................................................... iii
ACCEPTANCE PAGE .................................................................................. iv
STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY ............................................................. v
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI
KARYA ILMIAH ............................................................................................. vi
MOTTO PAGE .............................................................................................. vii
DEDICATION PAGE .................................................................................... viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................... ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................... x
LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................... xii
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... xiii
ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................ xiv
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ................................................................ 1

A. Background of the Study ...................................................................... 1
B. Problem Formulation ............................................................................. 3
C. Objectives of the Study ......................................................................... 4
D. Definition of Terms ............................................................................. 4
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE ............................................. 6

A. Review of Related Studies .................................................................... 6
B. Review of Related Theories ................................................................ 8
1. Sociolinguistics .............................................................................. 8
2. Code................................................................................................. 10
3. Code Switching .............................................................................. 10
a. Situational Code Switching ....................................................... 11
b. Metaphorical Code Switching .................................................. 11
4. Code Mixing ................................................................................... 12
5. Types of Code Mixing .................................................................... 13
a. Intra-sentential Code Mixing .................................................... 13
b. Intra-lexical Code Mixing ......................................................... 14
c. Involving a Change of Pronunciation ....................................... 14
6. Reasons of Code Mixing ................................................................ 15
a. Talking about Particular Topic .................................................. 15
b. Quoting Somebody Else ............................................................ 15
c. Being Emphatic about Something ............................................. 16
d. Interjection ................................................................................ 16
e. Repetition Used for Clarification .............................................. 16
f. Expressing Group Identity or Solidarity ................................. 17
g. Clarifying The Speech Content for The Interlocutor ................ 17
7. Word Classes/Part of Speech ......................................................... 18
a. Noun ......................................................................................... 18
b. Adjective ................................................................................. 18
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c. Verb ........................................................................................... 18
d. Adverb ....................................................................................... 19
8. Indonesian Affixes .......................................................................... 19
C. Theoretical Framework ......................................................................... 20
CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY ............................................................ 21

A. Object of the Study ................................................................................ 21
B. Approach of the Study ........................................................................... 22
C. Method of the Study .............................................................................. 22
1. Data Collection .............................................................................. 23
2. Data Analysis ................................................................................ 23
CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS .......................................................................... 25

A. Types of Code Mixing ......................................................................... 25
1. Intra-sentential Code Mixing .......................................................... 26
a. Noun ......................................................................................... 26
b. Adjective ................................................................................... 28
c. Verb .......................................................................................... 29
d. Adverb ....................................................................................... 30
e. Phrase ....................................................................................... 31
f. Compound ................................................................................ 32
2. Intra-lexical Code Mixing ............................................................. 33
B. Reasons of Code Mixing ...................................................................... 37
1. Talking about Particular Topic ....................................................... 38
2. Being Emphatic about Something ................................................. 41
3. Repetition Used for Clarification .................................................... 45
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION ..................................................................... 49
REFERENCES ............................................................................................... 51
APPENDIX ..................................................................................................... 53
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LIST OF TABLES
No. __Table___________________________________________________Page
1. Table 1. Types of Code Mixing 26

2. Table 2. Intra-sentential Code Mixing (Noun) 27
3. Table 3. Intra-sentential Code Mixing (Adjective) 28
4. Table 4. Intra-sentential Code Mixing (Verb) 29
5. Table 5. Intra-sentential Code Mixing (Adverb) 30
6. Table 6. Intra-sentential Code Mixing (Noun Phrase) 31
7. Table 7. Intra-sentential Code Mixing (Prepositional Phrase) 32
8. Table 8. Intra-sentential Code Mixing (Compound) 33
9. Table 9. Intra-lexical Code Mixing (Suffix –nya) 34
10. Table 10. Intra-lexical Code Mixing (Prefix di-) 35
11. Table 11. Intra-lexical Code Mixing (Prefix nge-) 36
12. Table 12. Reasons of Using Code Mixing 37
13. Table 13. Talking about Particular Topic 38
14. Table 14. Being Emphatic about Something 41
15. Table 15. Repetition Used for Clarification 46
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ABSTRACT
PELLO, MARSHYKE TRISHARMA I. (2019). An Analysis of Code Mixing

Found in Two Selected Videos by Nessie Judge. Yogyakarta: Department of
English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Sanata Dharma.
In this modern era, almost all of the people use social media. One of the
social media is Youtube. Youtube is used in order to upload, watch, and share
videos. In Indonesia, one of the famous Youtubers is Nessie Judge. In her videos,
she tends to mix Indonesian and English. Therefore, this research focuses on the
analysis of code mixing found in two videos by Nessie Judge.
There were two research questions in this research. First is to find the
types of code mixing. Second, the researcher analyzed the reasons of code mixing
done by Nessie Judge.
To answer the research questions, the researcher applied sociolinguistic
theory, especially the theories on types and reasons of code mixing proposed by
Hoffman (1991). The researcher also applied two other theories, namely the
theory of word class and the theory of Indonesian affixes. The theory of word
class talked about the category of word and the theory of Indonesian affixes was
about the types of affixes found in Indonesian.
In this research, the objects of the study were two selected videos by
Nessie Judge. The first video talked about a conspiracy theory and the second
video was about a mysterious event that happened in the world. This study applied
sociolinguistic approach.
After analyzing the data, there were 106 cases of code mixing. For the
types of code mixing, there were 84 data of intra-sentential code mixing and 22
data of intra-lexical code mixing. For the reasons of code mixing, the researcher
found 82 data of talking about particular topic, 18 data of being emphatic about
something, and 6 data of repetition used for clarification.
The researcher concluded that intra-sentential code mixing was the most
used type of code mixing because the pattern of sentence in both languages that
made the speaker mixed the languages easily. The researcher also concluded that
talking about particular topic was the most used reason of code mixing and it
happened because the speaker in the videos used popular terms and there were
some lack of equivalent words in Indonesian.
Keywords: Indonesian, English, code mixing, sociolinguistics.
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ABSTRAK
PELLO, MARSHYKE TRISHARMA I. (2019). An Analysis of Code Mixing

Found in Two Selected Videos by Nessie Judge. Yogyakarta: Program Studi
Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Sanata Dharma.
Di era modern ini, hampir semua orang menggunakan media sosial.

Salah satu contoh media sosial adalah Youtube. Youtube digunakan untuk
mengunggah, menonton, dan berbagi video-video. Di Indonesia, salah satu
pengguna Youtube yang terkenal adalah Nessie Judge. Dalam video-videonya, ia
sering mencampurkan bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Inggris. Oleh karena itu,
penelitian ini berfokus pada analisis campur kode yang ditemukan dalam dua
video oleh Nessie Judge.
Ada dua rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini. Rumusan masalah yang
pertama untuk menemukan jenis campur kode. Pada rumusan masalah yang
kedua, peneliti menganalisis alasan penggunaan campur kode yang dilakukan oleh
Nessie Judge.
Untuk menjawab kedua rumusan masalah tersebut, peneliti menggunakan
teori sosilinguistik, khususnya pada teori jenis dan alasan campur kode yang
dikemukakan oleh Hoffman (1991). Peneliti juga menggunakan dua teori lainnya,
yaitu teori kelas kata dan teori imbuhan dalam bahasa Indonesia. Teori kelas kata
merujuk pada kategori kata dan teori imbuhan bahasa Indonesia merupakan teori
yang membahas tentang imbuhan-imbuhan yang ada dalam bahasa Indonesia.
Objek dalam penelitian ini adalah dua video oleh Nessie Judge. Video
pertama membahas tentang sebuah teori konspirasi dan video kedua membahas
sebuah kejadian misterius yang terjadi di dunia. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti
menggunakan pendekatan Sosiolinguistik.
Setelah menganalisis data-data yang ada, peneliti menemukan ada 106
kasus campur kode. Untuk menjawab rumusan masalah yang pertama, yaitu
mengenai jenis campur kode, ada 84 data campur kode dalam bentuk sentensial
dan 22 data campur kode dalam bentuk leksikal. Untuk menjawab rumusan
masalah yang kedua, yaitu alasan penggunaan campur kode, peneliti menemukan
82 data membicarakan suatu topik, 18 data berempati pada sesuatu, dan 6 data
pengulangan untuk memberi penjelasan.
Peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa campur kode dalam bentuk sentential
adalah jenis yang paling banyak digunakan karena pola kalimat dalam kedua
bahasa yang membuat pembicara dalam video mencampurkan bahasa dengan
mudah. Peneliti juga menyimpulkan bahwa membicarakan suatu topik adalah
alasan yang paling banyak muncul dalam data dan penyebabnya adalah karena
pembicara dalam video menggunakan istilah-istilah yang populer dan belum ada
istilah yang sepadan dalam bahasa Indonesia.
Kata kunci: Indonesian, English, code mixing, sociolinguistics.
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
Language is a tool of communication and it is used by people in order to
communicate with each other. By using language, people can convey their idea,
opinion, how they feel about something, and many more. Trudgill (1983) states
that language is not simply a means of communicating information - about the
weather or any other subjects. It is also a very important means of establishing
and maintaining relationships with other people (p.13).
In this world, there are many languages. English is one of the most used
languages and it is also an international language. English is considered as a
foreign language to countries that do not use English in their daily life. In
Indonesia, people can learn and master English by going to educational
institutions. However, English can also be acquired through songs, movies,
novels, or TV programs.
Nowadays, people in Indonesia tend to mix Indonesian and English at the
same time when they communicate in their daily life. For example, when people
have a conversation with their friends, they mix Indonesian with English. Another
example is when they write a caption on their social media account. This
phenomenon of mixing two different languages at the same time is known as code
mixing. Nababan (1993) states that code mixing is a mixing of two codes or
languages, usually without a change of topic. Code mixing often occurs within
one sentence, one element is spoken in language A and the rest in language B (p.
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32). According to Wardaugh (1992), code mixing occurs when conservants use
both languages together to the extent that they change from one language to the
other in the course of a single utterrance (p. 106).
In this modern era, social media are something that almost all people in
the world have. By having social media, people can easily get any kinds of
information they want. Social media can also be used by people to share their
daily activities or to express their feeling or opinion about anything. There are
many kinds of social media, such as Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, Youtube,
Pinterest, and many more.
Youtube is one of the social media that has given impacts on people‟s
life. According to Ensour (2015), Youtube is a website that can share videos and
the users can watch, upload and comment on videos (p. 287). There are 14
different languages available on Youtube. Youtube is one of the world‟s major
websites that is used for uploading and sharing videos, creating personalized
channels and providing direct broadcast service for organizations. It means that
Youtube is a platform for people to share their idea or thoughts about something
in a form of a video. The type of the videos on Youtube is various. There are
educational videos, gaming videos, music videos, and still many more.
In Indonesia, there are many famous Youtubers. One of them is Nessie
Judge. Nessie Judge started making videos in 2012. The contents of her videos are
various. She makes vlog (video blog) about her daily life, for example when she
travels to Europe with her family. She also talks about some important issues that
happen in the society, such as anti-bullying, LGBT, cat calling, or sexual consent.
Sometimes, she collaborates with other Indonesian Youtubers. Her new content in
her videos is called Nerror. It is a segment which she discusses conspiracy
theories and mysterious events occur in the world. In this study, there are two
videos that the writer use. They are Rekaman 911 Darurat Terseram! and
Konspirasi Terseram XXXTentacion.
The researcher finds an interesting thing in Nessie Judge‟s videos. In the
videos, the speaker usually mix Indonesian and English. It has been mentioned
before that this phenomenon is called as code mixing. Code mixing happens
when a speaker can speak more than one language. In her two selected videos,
there are many Indonesian to English code mixing that can be found. When
Nessie Judge wants to convey something and she cannot find the word in
Indonesian, then she mixes with English word.
This topic is worth studying because code mixing is a phenomenon that
happens in a society with various languages in it. Those who are able to speak
more than one language or also known as bilingual or multilingual people, usually
experience this phenomenon. By studying this, it helps us to understand more
about code mixing and we can find the reasons why it happens.
B. Problem Formulation
There are two questions that can be observed in this study. They are:
1. What types of code-mixing are found in two selected videos by Nessie Judge?
2. What are the reasons of using code-mixing in two selected videos by Nessie
Judge?
C. Objectives of the Study
This research focuses on the use of code mixing in two selected videos
by Nessie Judge. Based on the problems that have been formulated in the previous
chapter, there are two objectives of this study. The first objective is to find out the
types of code mixing that are used in two selected videos by Nessie Judge. The
second objective is the writer tries to identify the reasons Nessie Judge, as the
speaker, use code mixing in her two selected videos.
D. Definition of Terms
In this research, the writer discusses code mixing. Code mixing is a part
of sociolinguistics. To understand further, the meaning of sociolinguistics is
explained as follows. According to Wardaugh (1992, p. 13), Sociolinguistics
concerns with investigating the relationships between language and society with
the goal being a better understanding of the structure of language and of how
languages function in communication. It can be concluded that language and
society are inseperable. The structure of language can be understood by observing
how language and society are related to each other. Yuliana, Luziana, and
Sarwendah (2015) state that language is not homogeneous (p.48). It means that
there are many varieties of languages that can be found in the society.
In studying sociolinguistics, it is important to know and understand what
a code is. A code is “a symbol of nationalism that is used by people to speak or
communicate in a particular language – a dialect, a register, an accent or a style on
differrent occasions and for different purposes” (Stockwell as cited in Yuliana et

al, p. 48). Code covers phenomena namely code mixing and code switching.
According to Bhatia and Ritchie (2002), code mixing refers to the mixing of
various linguistic units (morpheme, words, modifiers, phrases, clauses and
sentences) primarily from two partcipating grammatical systems within a sentence
(p. 376). Code mixing occurs in bilingual and multilingual societies.

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
This chapter consists of three different parts, which are review of related
studies, review of related theories, and theoretical framework. Related studies are
about previous studies that have the same topic, and related theories are focused
on the theories applied to the research. By presenting these, it can help the writer
to develop and analyze the research.
A. Review of Related Studies
In this part, there are four previous studies with the same topic as the
writer‟s: two undergraduate theses and two journal articles. The first research is
an undergraduate thesis conducted by Allantro in 2014 with the title “Code
Mixing in Fashion Tips Articles As Seen in Go Girl! November 2013 Edition”.
The researcher of this thesis analyzes the type of code mixing and the reasons of
code mixing in the magazine. The researcher applies the theory from Charlotte
Hoffman. In this research, there are 146 data categorized as intra-sentential code-
mixing, and 14 sentences are categorized as intra-lexical code-mixing. After
analyzing the type of code mixing, the researcher explains the reasons of using
code mixing and there are 3 reasons of code-mixing found in the articles namely
talking about particular topic, interjection, and repetition used for clarification.
The second undergraduate thesis is “English Code-Mixing in Presidential
Candidate Debates” done by Murtiningtyas in 2015. In her research, she analyzes
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5 debates and there is only one thing that is being observed in the debates which is
the type of code mixing. In order to find the types of code mixing, the researcher
observes the utterances of participants of presidential candidate debate. The
researches applies the theory from Pieter Muysken to analyze the type of code
mixing. After analyzing the data, there are only two types of code mixing found in
the debates, which are insertion and alternation.
The third is a journal article by Offiong Ani Offiong and Bassey A. Okon
(2013) entitled “Of Efik and English: Code Mixing”. In the research, they find
that there are some factors that make Efik people mix their language with English,
such as urbanization, education, government business and multilingualism. It also
because there is a lack of vocabulary in Efik. From the analysis of this journal, it
is said that when a language starts to borrow some grammatical items from
another language, then its identity is lost.
The fourth is a research by Huzaina Abdul Halim, Hana Nadia Ahmad
Nadri, and Foziah Mahmood entitled “Code Mixing On Facebook Among
Malaysian Tesl Student” (2015). There are three questions that the researchers
have made. The first is the level of code mixing used by the students, the second
is the most used level of code mixing by the students, and the last is the reasons
the students mix the language. Based on the observation, Facebook status, wall
interaction and online open-ended questionnaire, the researchers analyze the data.
As the result of the analysis, it is found that the most inserted level of code mixing
is phrase insertion, and the main reason of using code mixing is to show the
solidarity.
Those researches are useful in order to help the writer to analyze this
research. The writer also found similarities and differences from the previous
researches. The first similarity is the topic. Four previous researches have the
same topic which is the phenomenon of code mixing. The second is the theory.
The research written by Allantro applies the theory by Hoffman in analyzing the
types of code mixing and the reasons of code mixing. The third is the approach of
the researches. Code mixing is one of the aspects that is being studied in
sociolinguistics, therefore the previous researches use sociolinguistic approach.
The writer of this research also use the same approach.
The difference from this research and those previous studies are the
object of the analysis. Those previous studies use articles, students, or participants
of a debate as the object of the study, while for this study the writer uses videos as
the object. The position of this study is to develop other/previous studies
conducted by previous researchers. This research uses different object in
analyzing code mixing.
B. Review of Related Theories
This section covers some related theories which help the writer in
analyzing the data.
1. Sociolinguistics
Communication is an important thing that people always do in their daily
life. When they want to interact with other people, they use language as a tool to
communicate. There is a relation between society and language. According to
Wardhaugh (1992, p. 13),
Sociolinguistics is concerned with investigating the relationship between

language and society with the goal being a better understanding of the
structure of language and of how languages function in communication;
the equivalent goal in the sociology of language is trying to discover how
social structure can be better understood through the study of language.
It can be concluded that sociolinguistics helps us to examine the
relationship between language and society in order to understand the language‟s
structure.
In a society, there are people with different ethnic groups, different
culture, and different religions. Trudgill (1983, p. 15), states that whenever we
speak we cannot avoid giving our listeners clues about our origins and the sort of
person we are. Our accent and our speech generally show what part of the country
we come from, and what sort of background we have. It can be understood that
each country/place in this world has its own characteristic. It has its own accent or
dialect that differs its speakers from the others. It also means that whenever one
speaks to the others that do not come from different area, the accent of the dialect
will be obvious.
Other definition of sociolinguistics comes from Holmes (2013, p. 1) as he
states that sociolinguistics is the study of the relationship between language and
society. Sociolinguists find that we tend to speak differently based on different
social contexts. Sociolinguists want to identify the language‟s social function and
how it is used in order to give the social meaning.

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2. Code
According to Wardhaugh (1992, p. 89), a language or a variety of a
language can be referred as a code and it is considered as neutral since it is useful.
He gives more explanation that in communication, code is commonly used.
People should choose a specific code in conveying their minds of feeling when
they want to speak. In this case, the specific code can be a particular language,
dialect, style, register, or variety. Thus, people may use different code in different
situations. It means that people use particular code which depends on particular
people they talk to (p. 99-100). Finch (2000, p. 209 – 210) suggests that code
means “ a system of rules that allows people to give information in symbolic
form. Human language is a code. It consist of words that represent ideas, event,
and objects.” It means that people use code in order to convey what they want to
say.
3. Code-Switching
Hoffman (1991) points out that code-switching means “it involves the
alternate use of two languages or linguistic variteties within the same utterance or
during the same conversation” (p. 110). According to Tarjana (2009, p. 7), code
switching occurs when one code switches from one code while speaking, the
situation dictates the use of language. It means that the use of language depends
on the situation. The same meaning of code switching comes from Kridalaksana.
He states that “code switching is the use of language variation to do adaptation,
with other situation or because of other participants (Kridalaksana as cited in

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Suandi, 2014, p. 133). It means that situation and the speaker or participant have
an important role in the switch of language. There are two types of code-switching
according to Wardhaugh, namely situational code-switching and metaphorical
code-switching.
a. Situational Code-Switching
Situational code-switching is the first type of code-switching. Situational
code-switching takes place when “the languages used change according to the
situations in which the conservants find themselves: they speak one language in
one situation and another in a different one. No topic change is involved”
(Wardhaugh, 1992, p. 106). It can be concluded that there will be change of the
language depends on particular circumtance. So, the circumtance or contexts
demand the changing of the language. For example, a speaker uses English while
talking about particular topic and later on the speaker uses Indonesian in
discussing that topic.
b. Metaphorical Code-Switching
The second type is metaphorical code-switching. Wardhaugh argues that
“when a change of topic requires a change in the language used we have
metaphorical code-switching. The interesting point here is that some topics may
be discussed in either code, but the choice of code adds a distinct flavor to what is
said about the topic” (1992, p. 106). He gives more explanation that metaphorical
code-switching “has an affective dimension to it: you change the code as you
redefine the situation – formal to informal, official to personal, serious to
humorous, and politeness to solidarity” (p. 107). It means that people switch the
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language or the code because they have a purpose in doing that. For example, A
and B speaks in a serious way, but suddenly A talk about something humorous. It
means that the purpose of speaker A switching the code is in order to break the ice
in that situation. The role of code is important since it redefines the situation.
4. Code-Mixing
Code mixing occurs in bilingual and multilingual societies. Bhatia and
Ritchie (2002, p. 376), argue that code mixing refers to the mixing of various
linguistic units (morpheme, words, modifiers, phrases, clauses and sentences)
primarily from two participating grammatical systems within a sentence.
Wardhaugh (1992) believes that “code-mixing occurs when conversants use both
languages together to the extent that they change from one language to the other
in the course of a single utterance” (p. 106). He adds that “conversational code-
mixing involves the deliberate mixing of two languages without an associated
topic change.”
Other meaning of code mixing comes from Nababan (1993, p. 32) as it
has been mentioned in the previous chapter, code mixing is “a mixing of two
codes or languages, usually without a change of topic. Code mixing often occur
within one sentence, one element is spoken in language A and the rest is in
language B.” It is clear that code mixing takes place when the speaker use and
speak more than one language at the same time.
For some people, it is difficult to differentiate between code switching
and code mixing. McLaughlin highlights the difference between code-mixing and
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code-switching “by referring to code-switches as language changes occuring
across phrase or sentence boundaries, whereas code-mixes take place within
sentences and usually involve single lexical items” (McLaughlin as cited in
Hoffman, 1991, p. 110). According to Nababan, code mixing is “a mixing of two
or more language or language variation which demands the speaker, it is only
because of informal and speaker habitual (Nababan as cited in Astuti, 2017, p.
25). By comparing the meaning of code switching and code mixing, it is clear that
code switching occurs when there is a purpose from the speaker and the switch of
the language takes place depends on the speaker or participant, the situation, or
the topic of the conversation. On the other hand, code mixing occurs when the
speaker cannot find the right expression in the speaker‟s language, therefore the
speaker mix with other language. Code mixing also occurs because of the
speaker‟s habit.
5. Types of Code-Mixing
There are three types of code-mixing according to Hoffman, they are
Intra-sentential code-mixing, Intra-lexical code-mixing, and Involvement in a
change of pronunciation. Here is the explanation of the types of code mixing.
a. Intra-sentential Code-Mixing
Intra-sentential code-mixing is the first type of code-mixing. This type is
related to syntax. The mixing occurs within a sentence, a phrase, or a clause
(Hoffman, 1991, p. 112). For example, “Estaba training para pelear” which
means “He was training to fight” (Wardhaugh 1992, p. 108). From that example,
14
it shows that the codes are English and Spanish. When the speaker speaks in
Spanish, the English verb “training” is added in the middle of the sentence. When
linguistics units such as phrases, words, morpheme, etc. are added in a sentence, it
is considered as intra-sentential code mixing.
b. Intra-lexical Code-Mixing
The second type of code-mixing is intra-lexical code-mixing. This type
takes place within a word boundary. When there are affixes added to a word, a
mix can occur. An example for this type is kuenjoy (English enjoy is mixed with
the prefix from Swahili and the meaning is “to”). The example shows that code
mixing may occur when a Swahili prefix is mixed with English word “enjoy”.
Other example is in Indonesian and English: “Beberapa yang siaran live yang di-
upload di Youtube aku juga nonton”. It is clear that there is an addition of
Indonesian prefix di- in English word “upload”. By using the prefix di-, it gives a
passive meaning. Therefore, di-upload means to be uploaded.
c. Involving a Change of Pronunciation
This last type of code-mixing is related to phonological matters. In order
to undertand it, the example can be seen when Indonesian try to pronounce
English word, they change it into Indonesian way of pronouncing. The example is
taken from Hoffmann (1991, p. 112).
Cristina (4:0): (introducing her younger brother to a new friend of hers)

„This is Pascual‟ [paskwál]
Friend: „What‟s his name?‟ (i.e. she didn‟t catch it)
Cristina: „Pascual‟ [pəskwæl]
Friend: „Oh..”
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From the example above, it shows that at first Cristina pronounces Pascual as
paskwál. Later, she pronounces it again and it becomes pəskwæl. There is a
change of pronouncation that occur.
6. Reasons of Code-Mixing
According to Hoffman, there are seven reasons why people use code-
mixing while communicating with other people.
a. Talking about Particular Topic
Hoffman (1991, p. 115) believes that code-mixing may occurs when
there is a lack of facility in the register‟s relevance or because there is a particular
things that trigger kinds of connotations which are related to experience in a
specific language. People may mix the language when they cannot find the right
expression in a particular language, therefore they mix with another language.
b. Quoting Somebody Else
For this reason, a speaker mixes the language when she/he wants to quote
a statement, a saying, etc. To understand clearly, here is an example given by
Hoffman (1991, p. 112):
An adult Spanish-Catalan bilingual:
„... y si dices “perdon”en castellano, e te vielve la mujer y te dice:‟ („...

and if you say “sorry” in Castilan Spanish, the lady turns to you and
says:‟)
„En Catala’ („In Catalan!‟)
From the example above, it shows that the speaker mix Spanish and Catalan
language. In the beginning, the speaker speaks in Spanish, but later when she
16
quotes a saying from a person, she uses Catalan language because that is the
language that is used by the person she quote from.
c. Being Emphatic about Something
In this case, code-mixing is used in order to show empathy about
something. People may mix the language to show the empathy intentionally or
unintentionally. The example is derived from Hoffman (1991, p. 112):
„Hay cuatro sillas rotas y‟ (There are four broken chairs and‟)
Prou!’ I („That‟s enough!‟)‟
The italic word indicates that the speaker mix the language to show the empathic
utterances. There is a strong statement used by the speaker in the sentence and it
shows that the speaker is being empathic about something. The strong expression
is used in order to emphasize something important and to show the empathy.
d. Interjection
Interjection according Warriner (1982, p. 20) is a word that expresses
emotion and the word does not have grammatical relation to other words in the
sentence. Hoffman in his book gives an example to show the interjection:
An adult Spanish-American English speaker:

„... Oh! Ay! It was embarrassing! It was very nice, though, but I was
embarrassed! (Silva-Corvalan as cited in Hoffman, 1991, p. 112)
From the example above, it is obvious that the word Ay! does not have any
grammatical meaning. However, the word Ay! is an expression of feeling
embarrassed.
e. Repetition Used for Clarification
The repetition is used to make people understand the personal
involvement and desire of the speaker (Silva-Corvalan, 1989, p. 181).

17
To understand this reason, here is an example as derived from Hoffman
(1991, p. 112):
An adult Spanish-English bilingual:

„Tenia zapatos blancos, un poco, they were off-white, you know.’
The repetition in the example is the sentence Tenia zapatos blancos, un poco
which means they were off-white, you know. The repetition takes place in order
to emphasize the message that the speaker conveys.
f. Expressing Group Identity or Solidarity
Code-mixing is used by some communities or groups to communicate
and to show their identity to the other communities or groups. Speakers may mix
their language in orer to be accepted by certain communities. Hewitt in Hoffman
(1991) argues that members of majority group, for example, young whites in
London may switch the language into Jamaican Creole in order to be accepted by
particular or specific groups (Hewitt as cited in Hoffman, 1991, p. 116).
g. Clarifying The Speech Content for The Interlocutor
In a conversation, code-mixing occurs not only as a single word, idiom,
or sentence, but also at phonological level. Here is the example provided by
Hoffman (1991, p. 112):
Christina (4:0): (introducing her younger brother to anew friend of hers)

„This is Pascual‟ [paskwal]
Friend : „What‟s his name?‟ (i.e. she didn‟t catch it)
Christina : „Pascual!‟ [pəskwæl]
Friend : „Oh…‟
There is a phonological change in the word Pascual. The speaker (Christina)
change the pronunciation of Pascual (in English) into the Spanish pronunciation.
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7. Word Classes/Part of Speech
Morley (2000, p. 26) states that word is “the basic unit of syntax”. It is a
basic unit because a word can stand on its own without being attached to other
liguistic items and it still has a meaning. There are some categories of word,
namely noun, adjective, verb, and adverb. Here is the explanation of the word
classes according to Valin (2001, p. 6).
a. Noun
Noun refers to the name of a person, a place, or a thing. Noun is
classified into some types. There are proper nouns and common nouns. Proper
nouns refer to particular individuals such as Jill, John, Tokyo, or Seoul. Common
nouns mean nouns that do not refer to individuals. For example, cat, chair, bus,
water. Common nouns are divided into count nouns and mass nouns. Count nouns
are countable entities, such as seven books, six balls, five boxes. Mass nouns are
not countable.
b. Adjective
An adjective is a word that usually expresses the entities‟ properties, for
example a red apple, a short girl, a beautiful dress. An adjective is the modifier of
a noun.
c. Verb
A verb shows the action of something. For example, sing, run, swim,
dance. A verb is classified into intrasitive and transitive verb. An intrasitive verb
means a verb that does not followed by an object. On the other hand, a transitive
verb is used with an object.

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d. Adverb
Adverb is typically ended in –ly. For example, slowly, completely,
specially, happily. Adverb modifies verb, adjective, or even adverb. Adverb also
expresses the relation of place and time.
8. Indonesian Affixes
Words in Indonesian can be formed by combining the words with affixes
or other forms. Pisceldo, Mahendra, Manurung, and Arka (2008, p. 143) state that
“words in Indonesian are built from their roots by means of a variety of
morphological operations including compunding, affixation, and reduplication.”
Affixation is suggested as “a process of changing a lexeme into complex words.
Affixation process occurs when a bound morpheme is placed on a free morpheme
orderly” (Kridalaksana as cited in Suastini & Apriliani, 2018, p. 193). Moreover,
affix is “an element that can change the meaning, types, and function of a basic
word or basic form” (Chaer as cited in Suastini & Apriliani, 2018, p. 193).
Affixes are divided into four types, namely prefixes, suffixes,
circumfixes, and infixes (Moeliono & Dardjowidjojo, 1997, p. 81). Sosy
highlights the meaning of prefix and suffix as she states that “prefix is a group of
letters that come at the beginning of a word, whereas suffix is a group of letters
that come at the end of a word” (Sosy as cited in Pauzan, 2016, p. 1). The
examples of prefix in Indonesian are di-, ter-, and me-. Then, the examples for
suffix are –nya, -kan, and –an. Moeliono and Dardjowidjojo (1997, p. 81) suggest
that “confix is a combination of prefixes and suffixes that flank the base of the
20
word and form a unit. Infix is a form of affix that is placed in the middle of the
word base”.
C. Theoretical Framework
The writer applies some theories in this study in order to help and support
the analysis. In understanding the meaning of code-mixing, the writer uses theory
of code-mixing according to Bhatia and Rhitcie (2002, p. 376), Wardhaugh (1992,
p. 106), and Nababan (1993, p. 32). By using the theories from them, it helps the
writer to have a better understanding about the idea of code mixing.
Those theories are important and needed in order to answer the problems
in this research. The first problem is finding the types of code-mixing. To answer
this problem, the writer uses the theory from Hoffman. According to Hoffman,
there are three types of code mixing, which are intra-sentential code mixing, intra-
lexical code mixing, and involving a change of pronunciation. In analyzing the
type of code mixing, the writer also apply theory of world classes or part of
speech by Van Valin in An Introduction to Syntax. By doing this, it helps the
process of analyzing the type of code mixing. The writer also apply the theory of
Indonesian affixes in order to analyze the affixes that are found in the data. In
answering the second question, which is about the reasons why code-mixing
occur, the theory from Hoffman is applied. Hoffman classifies that there are seven
possible reasons why code-mixing take place.

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CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter consists of three parts. Those are object of the study,
approach of the study, and method of the study. Object of the study discuss the
data or the object of the study, approach of the study is about the approaches used
in analyzing the study, and method of the study presents the way or the procedure
in analyzing the data.
A. Object of the Study
This study is concerned about the occurance of code-mixing found in two
selected videos by a famous Indonesian Youtuber named Nessie Judge. The first
video was Rekaman 911 Darurat Terseram! which was published on May 26,
2017. This 14 minutes and 33 seconds video talked about scary 911 calls
happened in the United States of America. There were 6 selected 911 calls in her
video and she disscused and listened to those calls in the video. The second video
was Konspirasi Terseram XXXTentacion published in June 30, 2018. She
discussed the sudden death of a famous rapper, XXXTentacion. She gave the
explanation in 11 minutes and 52 seconds long.
The reason why the writer chose those two selected videos was because
the topic presented are informative to the viewers. Those are informative because
the information given could give new knowledge to those who watched the
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22
videos. Besides, the two selected videos contained many code-mixing that the
writer could analyze.
B. Approach of the Study
In this research, the approach that the writer used was sociolinguistics
approach. According to Finch (2000, p. 193), sociolinguistics is “the study of
language in relation to society”. It means that there is a relationship between
language and a society. Therefore, sociolinguists are concerned about that
relationship. Holmes (2013, p. 1) adds that the sociolinguists are “interested in
explaining why we speak differently in different social context”. It implies that
when people speak, social context determined the way they use their language and
how they convey it.
The writer believed this was the appropriate approach since
sociolinguistics covered any kind of phenomena between language and society,
including the topic of this research namely code-mixing. Therefore, the writer
chose sociolinguistics as the approach.
C. Method of the Study
In this part, the writer explained the ways the data were collected and
analyzed. By doing so, the purpose of this research which are to find the types of
code-mixing and the reasons of the occurance of the code-mixing found in three
selected videos by Nessie Judge could be achieved.

23
1. Data Collection
In order to collect the data, there were some steps that should be done by
the writer. The first step was the writer downloaded two videos, which were
Rekaman 911 Darurat Terseram! and Konspirasi Terseram XXXTentacion on
youtube.com. After that, the writer made a transcription of the utterances spoken
by Nessie Judge in each video. In the process of making the transcription, the
writer listened to the speaker of the video and wrote down the utterances. The
writer also checked the subtitle that was avalaible in the videos. It was done in
order to recheck the accuracy of the utterances. The next thing to do was the
writer divided those utterances. The writer separated the utterances that contained
the occurance of code-mixing and the utterances that did not contain code mixing.
By doing so, it helped the writer analyze the utterances containing code-mixing.
Then, the writer classified those code-mixing utterances in a table in order to find
the type of code-mixing.
The total data found in two selected videos are 106 data of code-mixing.
In the first video, there were 54 data found in Konspirasi Terseram
XXXTentacion, while there were 52 data in Rekaman 911 Darurat Terseram!
2. Data Analysis
This part covered the steps in analyzing the data which are the
transcription that had been made by the writer. There were some steps in writing
the transcription. First, the writer listened carefully to every word in the videos.
Second, the writter wrote down the utterances. Third, after the writer finished with
24
the process of writing down the utterances, the writer checked the subtitle of the
videos in order to help see the accuracy of the sentences. The writer started
analyzing the data by determining the type of each utterance containing code-
mixing. To make it easier, the writer presented the data in a table, and the writer
used italic and bold form to words that were indicated as code-mixing. The writer
used the theory from Hoffman in order to find the type. According to Hoffman,
there were three types of code-mixing, which were intra-sentential, intra-lexical,
and the change of pronunciation. In analyzing the first type of code mixing which
is intra-sentential code mixing, the writer classified the word class for the word
used in the data. Then, the writer also gave explanation about each type of code-
mixing in order to see how the type was suitable with the presented data. To make
it easier in analyzing the data, the writer made a numbering for the data, for
example 1/12 and 2/30 . Number 1 and 2 mean first and second video, the last two
digits mean data number 12 and data number 30.
After classifying the type of code-mixing, the next thing to do was to find
the reasons of code-mixing and the writer applies the theory from Hoffman. Later,
after all the classification and the problems were done, the writer made a
conclusion by determining the most used type of code-mixing and the most
possible reasons of code-mixing.

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CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In this chapter, the writer gives the explanation about the results of the
analysis. This chapter consists of two parts, which are the types of code mixing
and the reasons of code mixing occur in two selected videos by Nessie Judge. By
collecting the data from those videos, the writer finds that there are 106 data
containing code mixing.
A. Types of Code Mixing
The writer applies the theory from Hoffman in order to find the types of
code mixing. According to Hoffman (1991), there are three types of code mixing,
namely intra-sentential, intra-lexical, and involvement in a change of
pronunciation. Intra-sentential code mixing occurs in the form of phrases and
words. Intra-lexical code mixing occurs when there is an addition of Indonesian
affixes to English words. For the last type, which is involvement in a change of
pronunciation, the writer does not find any data that shows pronunciation
changing from the speaker of the videos. Therefore, the writer only discusses two
types of code mixing found in two selected videos. After analyzing all the data,
there are 84 data of intra-sentential code mixing and 22 data of intra-lexical code
mixing. The researcher displays the distribution of code mixing data in a table
down below.
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26
Table 1. Types of Code Mixing
Types of Code Mixing Total
Intra-sentential Code Mixing 84
Intra-lexical Code Mixing 22
Involving a Change of -
Pronunciation
1. Intra-sentential Code Mixing
According to Hoffman (1991), intra-sentential code mixing occurs within
the word boundary and phrase. From both videos, there are 84 data of intra-
sentential code mixing. Intra-sentential code mixing can be in a form of a noun, an
adjective, a verb, an adverb, a phrase, or a compound.
a. Noun
Noun is the first example that the researcher found after analyzing the
data. In our daily life, there are many things that can be considered as a noun. The
examples are table, bottle, London, and Jennie. The table below displays the
examples of noun found in the data. There are four data of intra-sentential in a
form of noun and the function of all nouns here is the object of the sentence.
27
Table 2. Intra-sentential Code-Mixing (Noun)
No. Utterances
1/9 Dari banyak interview yang aku tonton juga X sering banget
ngomong bahwa dia ingin membuat perbedaan dan
menggunakan hidupnya untuk membantu.
1/12 Setengah jam kemudian pada jam 4 sore, X meninggalkan

dealership motornya dan masuk ke mobil BMW I8-nya dia lalu
mulai nyetir dan pergi dari dealership.
2/8 Jadi Karen langsung telfon 911 dan inilah rekamannya.
2/18 Basically Sandra Harold ini punya chimpanzee yang udah dia
urus sejak kecil.
From all the data above, it is clear that the speaker mixes Indonesian with
English words. In this part, the English words are nouns. In the first datum, the
word interview means “a meeting (often a public one) which a journalist asks
somebody questions in order to find out their opinions” according to Hornby
(2015, p. 801). In the sentence, interview is a noun and the function of interview
here is as an object. It is because interview is receiving the action of being
watched by the speaker of the video (Nessie Judge).
In Indonesian, the word interviu is actually a borrowing word. This word
is adapted from English to Indonesian. The meaning of interview itself is
wawancara. However, the speaker in the videos choose to use the English term
instead of the Indonesian term.
The second datum, according to Hornby (2015, p. 382), the term
dealership means “a business that buys and sells products, especially cars, for a
particular company”. Dealership is considered as the object in the sentence

28
because it receives the action of meninggalkan or in English means leaving. In the
sentence, it is obvious that XXXTentacion leaves the dealership.
The third datum is 911. 911 is an emergency telephone number that is
used in emergency situations. In this datum, 911 functions as an object because it
receives the action of the predicate langsung telfon or in English means calling
from the subject Karen.
The last datum is chimpanzee. Chimpanzee is an animal and it is defined
as an object in the sentence. Object is the one that receive the action from the
subject. From the data it can be seen that chimpanzee receives the action of being
taken care (yang udah dia urus) by the owner of the chimpanzee, Sandra Harold.
b. Adjective
Adjective is the second example for the first type of code mixing that the
researcher found. In this part, the writer displays English adjective words that is
mixed in Indonesian.
Table 3. Intra-sentential Code-Mixing (Adjective)
No. Utterances
Sesaat setelah beritanya keluar, semua orang pun kaget, shock,
1/14 dan bingung.
Suatu hari ketika X viral, Drake ngontak dia dan bilang bahwa
1/22 Drake mau kolaborasi dan X pun super happy kayak: wow gila
Drake mau kolaborasi sama gue.
From the table above, there are two data that show adjective words
inserted in Indonesian language. The first datum found is shock. Hornby (2015,
29
p. 1385) states that shock is something “that offends or upsets people, that is
morally wrong.” This adjective modifies the noun which is orang or people. In
Indonesian, there is a borrowing word for this term, which is syok. However, the
researcher found that the speaker in the videos uses the English term rather than
Indonesian term.
The second datum is viral. The meaning of viral according to Hornby
(2015, p. 1679) is “used to describe a piece of indormation, a video, an image, etc.
that is sent rapidly over the Internet from one person to another”. In the sentence,
the adjective viral refers to the subject namely XXXTentacion.
c. Verb
Another form of intra-sentential code-mixing that is found by the
researcher in the data is verb. Verb means a word that is usually one of the main
parts of a sentence and it shows an action of something. The table below displays
some examples of verb that is mixed in Indonesian language.
Table 4. Intra-sentential Code Mixing (Verb)
No. Utterances
1/23 Tapi setelah itu Drake ga pernah contact dia lagi.
2/42 Follow aku di Instagram dan Twitter gampang banget namaku

aja.
There are two data of verb form in intra-sentential code mixing. The first
datum is contact. This is a verb that appears in the middle of the sentence and
30
Hornby (2015, p. 319) states that contact means “to communicate with somebody,
for example by telephone or letter”. In the sentence, it is stated that Drake never
call X anymore. Drake does not communicate with him any longer. As it has been
mentioned previously, a verb is divided into intrasitive verb and transitive verb.
Here, the word contact is considered as a transitive verb because it is followed by
an object which is dia.
The second datum is follow. This verb appears in the beginning of the
sentence. Hornby (2015, p. 589), states that follow means “to come or go after or
behind somebody or something. In this case, the word follow in social media
means that in order to get to know or to always up to date for the latest
information or activity of the speaker of the videos, the viewers should follow her
Instagram and Twitter account. The word follow is considered as a transitive verb.
It means that the verb is followed by an object. In the sentence, the word follow is
followed by the object aku.
d. Adverb
The fourth example for the intra-sentential code mixing found by the
researcher is an adverb. Adverb means a word that modifies a verb, an adjective,
another adverb, or a sentence and that is often used to show time, manner, place,
or degree. The example of adverb is displayed in the table below.

31
Table 5. Intra-sentential Code Mixing (Adverb)
No. Utterance
2/6 Aku sebenarnya takut karena obviously ini orang beneran dan
kayak aku udah pernah bilang aku jauh lebih takut sama psikopat
dan orang-orang yang jahat dibanding sama hantu.
From the datum above, it shows that the speaker mixes the adverb
obviously in the middle of the sentence. Hornby (2015, p. 1031-1032) believes
that obviously is used “when giving information that you expect other people to
know already or agree with”. In the sentence, the speaker wants to emphasize that
she is afraid because these (refers to the psycipaths in the videos) are real people.
It is easy to detect that the word is an adverb because the word obviously is ended
with English suffix –ly.
e. Phrase
Another form that the writer finds in the data is phrase. According to
Hornby (2015, p. 1118), phrase is “a small group of words without a finite verb
that together have a particular meaning and that typically form part of a sentence”.
From both videos, the writer found two kinds of phrase namely noun phrase and
prepositional phrase.
Hornby (2015, p. 1022) defines noun phrase as “a word or a group of
words in a sentence that behaves in the same way as a noun, that is as a subject, an
object, a complement, or as the object of a preposition”. Down below is the
example of noun phrase found in the video.

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Table 6. Intra-sentential Code Mixing (Noun Phrase)
No. Utterance
1/13 Kesaksian orang-orang yang ada, tiba-tiba ada black SUV, mobil
SUV hitam yang stop pas di depan mobilnya si X.
From the table above, the noun phrase in the utterance is black SUV. In
this phrase, the position of black is the adjective form that modifies the noun SUV.
SUV or also known as sport utility vehicle is car that is usually be used on rough
surfaces.
The other variation of phrase that the writer found is prepositional
phrase. According to Hornby (2015, p. 1173), prepositional phrase means “a
preposition and the noun following it”. Here is an example of prepositional
phrase.
Table 7. Intra-sentential Code Mixing (Prepositional Phrase)
No. Utterance
1/19 In a way, itu mungkin terjadi karena kalo kalian ga tau dia udah
mecahin rekornya Taylor Swift.
In the datum above, in a way is considered as a prepositional phrase
because it consists of a prepositional and followed by a noun. In the utterance, it
starts with the prepositional in and followed by a way. In a way also has the same
meaning as in some ways or in one way.

33
f. Compound
The writer also found compound word that is inserted in the utterances.
In Introduction to Syntax by Van Valin (2001, p. 8), he states that “languages can
usually increase their stock of nouns, for example, by borrowing nouns from other
languages or creating new ones through compounding (e.g. butter + fly yields
butterfly).” The table below shows the example of compound word.
Table 8. Intra-sentential Code Mixing (Compound)
No. Utterance
1/10 Dan ini adalah timeline kejadiannya.
The compound word from the table above is timeline. That word is
formed from two different word, which are time and line. These two words are
definitely have their own meaning. Hornby (2015, p. 1584) clarifies that time
means as a noun “what is measured in minutes, hours, days, etc”. Hornby (2015,
p. 879) also states that the word line as a noun means “a long thin mark on a
surface”. By looking at the definition of each word, it is clear that they are
different from each other.
However, when those words are combined, it becomes a totally new
word with new meaning. Hornby (2015, p. 1586) states that timeline means “a
horizontal line that is used to represent time, with the past towards the left and the
future towards the right”. In the video, the speaker explains about the timeline of
the event that happened before XXXTentacion died.

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2. Intra-lexical Code Mixing
As it has been mentioned previously, intra-lexical occurs within a word
boundary and a mix happens when there is an affix inserted in sentences. In this
case, Indonesian affixes are added with English words. Intra-lexical code mixing
is related to morphology. In this research, there are a few of Indonesian affixes
inserted in the sentence, such as –nya, nge-, and di-. From the data, it is clear that
the speaker tends to mix Indonesian affixes with English root rather than English
affixes with Indonesian words. It happens because the attachement of Indonesian
affixes to English words may cause changes for the English word classes. The
affixes that are found in the videos by Nessie Judge have different functions. To
further explanation, here is the example of intra lexical code mixing found in the
videos.
Table 9. Intra-lexical Code Mixing (Suffix –nya)
No. Utterances
1/27 Seakan dia menceritakan plan-nya untuk membunuh X dan

menembaknya di bawah leher.
2/28 Kita bakal dengar recording-nya.
2/41 Kalo misalkan kalian suka videonya please klik like-nya karena
itu bakalan nunjukkin kalo misalnya kalian suka.
The table above presents data of Indonesian suffix –nya mixes with
English words. In the first datum, suffix –nya is added to English word plan.
Suffix –nya is used in order to show a possession on something and in the

35
sentence it means that the plan belongs to someone. The addition of suffix –nya
changes the lexical category from a verb to a noun.
The second datum is recording-nya. In this example, the addition of
suffix –nya to English word recording does not change the lexical category of it.
Hornby (2015, p. 1249) states that recording is a noun which means “sounds or
pictures that have been recorded on CD, DVD, video, etc”. In this case, suffix –
nya shows that it belongs to someone.
The last datum is like-nya. In this example, suffix –nya also changes the
lexical category from a verb to a noun. Like as a verb according to Hornby (2015,
p. 876) means “to find somebody/something pleasant, attractive or of a good
standard; to enjoy something”. In the sentence, like as a noun means a button in a
form of a thumb up and it is used in order to show that one likes or loves the
video.
Table 10. Intra-lexical Code Mixing (Prefix di-)
No. Utterances
Aku tonton banyak banget dan bahkan beberapa yang siaran live
1/4 yang di-upload di Youtube aku juga nonton.
Semua telfon yang masuk ke 911 itu di-record.

2/4
In the first datum, prefix di- is added to English word upload. According
to Hornby (2015, p. 1661), upload means “to send data onto another computer”
and in the sentence di-upload means something that is being uploaded by
someone. It becomes a passive sentence. The second datum based on the table
36
above is di-record. In the sentence, record means to store on tape or a disk and
later it can be heard again. Therefore, di-record based on the context of the
sentence has a meaning that all 911 calls are recorded.
From two examples of prefix di- above, it can be concluded that in this
case the addition of prefix di- has a function of making a passive form in the
sentences. Muslich also states that the meaning of suffix di- is “to express a
passive action” (Muslich as cited in Fajriyah, 2014, p. 22).
Table 11. Intra-lexical Code Mixing (Prefix nge-)
No. Utterances
1/7 Dia mulai dikenal ketika dia nge-upload beberapa lagunya remix
ke situs Soundcloud.
1/24 Tiba-tiba Drake nge-release lagu KMT yang beat-nya mirip
banget sama lagunya X yang berjudul Look At Me.
Puri (2016, p. 39) states that “the prefix nge- is the simplified form of the
prefix me- that is derived into menge-”. Another researcher, Ningsih (2013)
argues that “prefixes me- can be mem-, men, meng-, and meny-. The prefix nge- is
the informal prefix which has the same function with prefix me-” (p. 13-14). In
the videos, the speaker changes the prefix me- by changing it into prefix nge-.
From the table above, there are two data that show prefix nge- attached to English
words. In the first datum, upload is a verb and according to Hornby (2015, p.
1661) it means “to send data onto another computer”. The prefix nge- is used in
the sentence in order to show the action of uploading something (in this case, it is
about uploading songs).

37
As mentioned before, the prefix supposed to be me-. If the speaker uses
prefix me-, it becomes meng-upload. However, the speaker in the video uses nge-
instead of meng-. The speaker does that in order to make it easier for the speaker
in pronouncing the word. The addition of prefix nge- does not change the lexical
category of the English word upload.
In the second datum, the English word release is a verb and Hornby
(2015, p. 1262) argues that it means “to make something available to the public”
and the function of the addition of prefix nge- is to show the action of releasing
something. In this case, it is about releasing a new song. If the speaker uses me-,
the word becomes me-release. In the video, the speaker chooses to use the
informal prefix nge-.
B. Reasons of Using Code Mixing
The writer has discussed about the types of code mixing found in two
selected videos by Nessie Judge above. In this chapter, the writer shows the
analysis of the reasons of code mixing. There are many reasons why people mix
their language in communication. In order to find the reasons of code mixing, the
writer applies the theory from Hoffman and there are seven reasons of code
mixing based on this theory. The table below shows the total data of reasons of
using code mixing.

38
Table 12. Reasons of Using Code Mixing
Reasons of Using Code Mixing Total

Talking about particular topic 82
Quoting somebody else -
Being emphatic about something 18
Interjection -
6
Repetition used for clarification
Expressing group identity/solidarity -
Clarifying the speech content for the -

interlocutor
After classifying the data, it is identified that there are three reasons of
using code mixing found in the data, namely talking about particular topic, being
empathetic about something, and repetition used for clarification. In order to
understand more about these 3 reasons, the writer gives the explanation in the next
section.
1. Talking about Particular Topic
The first reason is talking about particular topic. According to Hoffman
(1991, p. 115), talking about particular topic can trigger someone to mix their
language. It happens because when a speaker cannot find the right word in
expressing their thought or feeling, the speaker mixes their language with another
language. From all the data, the writer found that talking about particular topic is
the most frequent reason that occurs. The speaker in the videos tends to mix
39
Indonesian with English when she talks about some specific topics. The table
below displays some examples that indicate the first reason of using code mixing.
Table 13. Talking about Particular Topic
No. Utterances
1/9 Dia mulai dikenal ketika dia nge-upload beberapa lagunya remix
ke situs Soundcloud.
1/35 Banyak juga yang percaya bahwa Drake ga melakukan itu

sendirian karena obviously dia Drake, tapi dia meminta bantuan
dari seorang rapper juga bernama Soldier Kid.
2/36 Dia nelfon 911 karena remnya blong.
2/46 Kalo misalkan kalian suka videonya please klik like-nya karena
itu bakalan nunjukkin kalo misalnya kalian suka.
2/50 Jangan lupa subscribe ke channel ini.
In the first example above, the word remix in the sentence refers to songs
uploaded to Soundcloud. Remix according to Hornby (2015, p. 1266) means “to
make a new version of a recorder piece of music by using a machine to arrange
the separate parts of the recording in a different way, add new parts, etc.” This
word is related to the topic because the speaker in the video talks about how the
rapper starts to get known by uploading the remix songs. The term remix is more
familiar in Indonesian and there is no Indonesian term for remix which is resulted
to the speaker cannot find the right expression, therefore the speaker in the video
adds it in the middle of the sentence.
The second example is the word rapper. This word means someone that
performs rap music. The video shows that the word rapper related to the topic that
40
talk about the famous rapper in the videos, such as Drake, Soldier Kid, or
XXXTentacion. This term is more familiar among Indonesia people when they
want to refer to person that perform rap. It is very rare to see that people state it as
musisi rap or penyanyi rap. The speaker in the video uses this term since it is a
popular term to be used. The term rapper is also shorter to be pronounced rather
than in Indonesian.
The third datum is 911. This is a number that is usually used by people
outside Indonesia whenever they are in an emergency situation. In the video, the
speaker tends to call it as 911 rather than sembilan satu-satu. This term is related
with the topic discussed in the video. It shows that the person named Mark Sailor
calls 911 when the brake of the car is stuck. Even if the term sembilan satu-satu is
quite well known in Indonesia, the speaker in the video chooses to mix with
English because it seems that it is shorter and easier to be pronounced. Therefore,
the function of the mixing here is to make the sentence simpler.
The fourth datum found is like-nya. This term represents an intra-lexical
code mixing. Like refers to one of the features on Youtube and it is used in order
to show that a person loves or likes the video. In the video, the speakers said that
if the viewers love the content of the video, just click the like button. This like
feature is not only found on Youtube, but also other social media. This term is
used by most Indonesian people because it is more familiar to be used. In
Indonesia, like means suka. However, when it relates to social media, in this case
it is a Youtube video, the speaker uses the English term instead of Indonesian. It is
because like is more appropriate than suka. It may sounds weird if the speaker
41
say: “Kalo misalkan kalian suka videonya please klik suka-nya karena itu
bakalan nunjukkin kalo misalnya kalian suka.” Besides, if the speaker uses the
Indonesian term, there is a repetition of the word suka.
The last datum is the word subscribe. According to Hornby (2015, p.
1509), subscribe means “to arrange to have regular access to an electronic
information service or other Internet service”. This term is usually used on
Youtube whenever a person asks other people to subscribe to a channel. In the
sentence, the speaker reminds the viewers to subscribe to her channel. It means
that by subscribing the channel, the viewers can see more content from the
speaker. By subscribing, it helps the viewers to never miss any new video by the
speaker. The speaker uses this term because there is no Indonesian term for
subscribe (in this case it is for Youtube). Since there is no right expression in
Indonesia, therefore this term is more popular and familiar to be used.
2. Being Emphatic about Something
The second reason is being empathetic about something. People mix their
language when they want to be empathetic about something. This reason is used
when a speaker shows strong expression or statement and wants to emphasize the
important things or points. Here is a table that displays some examples indicating
the reason of code mixing.

42
Table 14. Being Emphatic about Something
No. Utterances
1/17 Dan juga bahwa suatu hari ia mungkin akan memalsukan

kematiannya jika pressure dari industry udah terlalu berat.
2/11 Aku sebenarnya takut karena obviously ini orang beneran dan
kayak aku udah pernah bilang aku jauh lebih takut sama
psikopat dan orang-orang yang jahat dibanding sama hantu.
1/26 Suatu hari ketika X viral, Drake ngontak dia dan bilang
bahwa Drake mau kolaborasi dan X pun super happy kayak:
wow gila Drake mau kolaborasi sama gue.
In the first datum above, the word pressure is classified as being
emphatic to something. According to Hornby (2015, p. 1176), the word pressure
means “difficulties and feelings of anxiety that are caused by the need to achieve
or to behave in a particular way.” In the video, the speaker explains that the rapper
was a troubled man. He had faced a lot of problems with his own life, he went to
the jail a couple of times, and many more. In the video, the speaker gives many
explanation about how the music industry has given so many impacts in his life.
He has many fans that support him, but on the other hand there are many people
that does not like his presence. Therefore, he becomes depressed. Not only that,
he also had some problems with other rapper in the entertainment industry. This
situation is definitely making him get depressed even more and it makes him feel
like he does not care with anything anymore. From the explanation in the video, it
is clear enough that the rapper is getting so much pressure.
There are some English words that are similar with pressure, such as
tension, strain, and stress. Three of them have different meaning according to
43
Hornby (2015). First, Hornby (2015, p. 1560) states that the word tension means
“a feeling of anxiety and stress that makes it impossible to relax”. Second, the
word strain according to Hornby (2015, p. 1494) means “pressure on somebody
or something because they have too much to do or manage”. Hornby (2015, p.
1497) defines the last word, stress, as “pressure or anxiety caused by the problems
in somebody‟s life”. By looking at the meaning of each word, it is possible for the
speaker in the video to use those words instead of pressure. However, the
meaning of those three words are different in Indonesian. The words tension and
strain mean ketegangan. The word pressure means tekanan. If we compare the
meaning of tension/strain with pressure in Indonesian, it is clear that pressure has
deeper meaning than tension/strain. For the word stress, it also possible for the
speaker in the video to use.
However, Hornby (2015, p. 1177) gives a statement about pressure and
stress as follows: “It is common to say that somebody is suffering from stress,
while pressure may be the thing that causes stress”. It shows that both words are
not the same. Therefore, in the sentence the speaker of the video uses pressure as
the appropriate and strong expression that is used in order to emphasize the
important message that the rapper may fake his death if the pressure from the
industry is too much for him. The speaker wants to show that pressure is an
important thing that cause someone to die.
The second datum is obviously. Hornby (2015, p. 1031) states that
obviously is used “to say that a particular situation or fact is easy to see or
understand”. There is a word that is quite similar with obviously which is clearly.
44
According to Hornby (2015, p. 266), it means “in a way that is easy to see or
hear”. These two words almost have the same meaning. However, they are
different in the way of using the words. To understand, here is an example by
Hornby (2015, p. 266): “Please speak clearly after the tone”. The word clearly in
the example cannot be changed with obviously because it is just not the right word
to be used.
However , the speaker in the video uses obviously instead of clearly. This
word indicates the reason of being emphatic about something. In the video, the
speaker states that many viewers ask her to discuss the scariest 911 calls. In the
sentence, she said that she is afraid because real people are involved in the 911
calls events. Then, she adds that she is not scared of ghosts but psychopath or real
people. By using this word, the speaker wants to show her fear obviously and as it
has been explained before, it shows an obvious manner. Obviously is an important
point and a strong expression that the speaker wants to emphasize and she wants
to remind the viewers that it is obvious that real people are in involved in the 911
calls.
The last datum is super happy. According to Hornby (2015, p. 1518) the
word super means “extremelly good”. There are four English words that have
similar meaning as happy, namely blissful, joyful, satisfied, and content. The
meaning for each word is different from each other according to Hornby (2015).
First, Hornby (2015, p. 147) defines the word blissful as “extremely happy,
showing happiness”. Second, Hornby (2015) defines the word joyful means “very
happy, causing people to be happy” (p. 822). Third, the word satisfied according
45
to Hornby (2015, p. 1331) means “pleased because you have achieved something
or because something that you wanted to happen has happened”. The last is the
word content defined by Hornby (2015, p. 320) which means “happy and satisfied
with what you have”.
The meaning of those words imply that it is possible for the speaker to
use in the sentence. However, it is important to compare those words. The English
words satisfied and content have a quite similar meaning. In Indonesian, satisfied
means puas. The meaning of content can also has the same meaning, which is
puas. It is obvious that in the video, the speaker does not use satisfied and content
because the meaning does not suitable with the context of the topic in the video.
In the context of the video, the speaker says that the rapper is bahagia not puas.
For the words blissful and joyful, it also possible for the speaker to use.
Even though the meaning of the words are similar, the speaker chooses to use the
happy because this term is more familiar for the viewers rather than blissful and
joyful.
The term happy indicates the reason of being emphatic about something.
In the sentence, it is said that the rapper namely Drake wants to collaborate with
XXXTentacion. Super happy is a strong expression that is used in the sentence
and it shows the empathic. This expression wants to emphasize that
XXXTentacion is extremely happy about the collaboration that is going to be
happened between him and his own idol. The important point is that he is very
happy about it.

46
3. Repetition Used for Clarification
The last reason found in the data is repetition used for clarification. As it
has been mentioned in the previous chapter, repetition takes place when the
speaker wants to clarify the message and also to emphasize the message conveyed
in the sentence. There is a purpose or reason why the speaker repeats the word.
The repetition of the words is done in order to help the viewers of the videos to
understand the words clearly. There are some examples of the data that shows the
occurance of the repetition of the words. To understand this reason, here is a table
displaying some of the data and followed by the explanation for each data.
Table 15. Repetition Used for Clarification
No. Utterances
1/10 Walaupun sangat-sangat talented, sangat-sangat bertalenta, X
was a troubled young man.
1/15 Kesaksian orang-orang yang ada, tiba-tiba ada black SUV,

mobil SUV hitam yang stop pas di depan mobilnya si X.
1/48 Kalo misalnya kalian punya informasi lainnya yang ga aku

include, yang ga aku masukkan di video kali ini juga bisa
diceritain di bawah karena aku sangat tertarik untuk
mengetahui lebih jauh tentang kasus yang satu ini.
2/28 Karena chimpanzee ini ga kenal, dia merasa kayak itu adalah
sebuah threat, sebuah ancaman.
From the table above, the speaker repeats the English word of talented
into Indonesian, which is bertalenta. Talented is an adjective and it means
“having a natural ability to do something well” according to Hornby (2015, p.
1543). When the speaker repeats in Indonesian, she wants to emphasize that even
47
though X is a very talented person, he is a troubled young man. It means that even
if a person can be so talented in certain things, he or she may have some problems
in life. It shows that nobody is perfect in this world.
In the second datum, the speaker talks about the testimony from some
people that witness a black car stops in front of X‟s car. In the sentence, it
displays that after saying black SUV in English term, the speaker repeats in
Indonesian again, which is SUV hitam. However, the speaker adds another
Indonesian word mobil before SUV hitam. It means that the speaker wants to
clarify that black SUV refers to a car. By doing that, it may help viewers who do
not have any knowledge about what black SUV is to understand the context.
The third datum also shows the repetition that is done by the speaker. In
the sentence, the speaker uses the English word include and Hornby (2015)
defines the meaning of the word as “to make somebody or something part of
something” (p. 771). This word has the same meaning as the repeated one in
Indonesian, which is masukkan. The speaker in the video wants to emphasize the
message by reminding the viewers that if there are some stories that have not been
included in the video, the viewers can add more in the comment section.
The last datum also indicates the repetition of words. As seen in the table,
it is clear that the speaker repeats the word threat that has the same meaning as
ancaman. According to Hornby (2015, p. 1576), the word threat means “the
possibility of trouble, danger or disaster”. In the sentence, the speaker explains
that when there is something a chimpanzee does not know, the chimpanzee
considers that unknown thing as a threat. The speaker wants to emphasize the
48
message that for animal, in this case it is a chimpanzee, anything can be a threat,
especially when the animal does not recognize it.
However, after analyzing the data, the writer finds something interesting
from the data. The speaker finds that the speaker in the video repeats the words
from English to Indonesia to make a clarification. The writer believes that the
speaker of the video does that because the English term are more familiar for the
speaker to be used. It may also because of the speaker‟s habitual as Nababan‟s
theory stated in the earlier chapter. It is a speaker‟s habitual means that the
speaker may use English language in her daily life, therefore it becomes a habit
for her to mix Indonesian with English.
However, in this case, in the sentence she uses English term at first, then
she clarifies it in Indonesian. It may implies that since she speaks English
regularly in her daily life (it can be seen on her other social media such as
Instagram and Twitter), English term comes spontaneously whenever she speaks.
Therefore, she gives the clarification in Indonesian.

49
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION
The writer has answered two problems in this research, which are about
the types of code mixing found in two selected videos by Nessie Judge and the
reasons of using code mixing found in two selected videos by Nessie Judge. After
collecting all the data, the writer found that there are 106 utterances in two videos
that contain code mixing.
By applying a theory by Hoffman (1991), there are two types of code
mixing found by the writer in the data, which are intra-sentential code mixing and
intra-lexical code mixing. The first type is intra-sentential code mixing. It means
people mix their language with another language in a sentence at the same time.
The writer found there are 84 data of intra-sentential code mixing. Then, the
second type is intra-lexical code mixing. Intra-lexical means there is an addition
of affix into English. In this case, the affix is in Indonesian. There are 22 data of
intra-lexical code mixing.
By looking at the number of the data, intra-sentential code mixing is the
biggest number of occurrence of code mixing. It happens because from the data,
most of the time the speaker in the videos inserts English words in the middle or
at the end of the sentences. The English words are in the form of a noun, a verb,
and adjective, and many more. There are only 22 data that display the occurance
of intra-lexical code mixing. The researcher found that the reason why intra-
sentential code mixing is the most used type of code mixing is because the pattern
49
50
of sentence in both Indonesian and English is the same, therefore the speaker in
the videos mix the words right away easily.
In finding the reasons of using code mixing, the writer also applies the
theory from Hoffman. According to Hoffman (1991), there are seven reasons of
using code mixing. However, in this analysis the writer only found 3 reasons of
using code mixing in two selected videos by Nessie Judge. The first reason is
talking about particular topic. The writer found 82 data of talking about particular
topic. The second reason is being emphatic about something. There are 18 data
found by the writer. The last is repetition used for clarification. There are 6 data
found.
The reason why talking about particular topic is the highest reason of
code mixing is because most of the data shows that the speaker mixes the
language when the speaker talks about certain topics only. There are two possible
reasons why talking about particular topic is the most used reasons of code
mixing. First, the speaker uses terms that are popular and commonly used by
Indonesian people. Second, there is a lack of equivalent words in Indonesian.
Thus, the speaker mixes the languages.

51
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54
APPENDIX 1: TYPES OF CODE MIXING

Konspirasi Terseram XXXTentacion! #Nerror
No. Utterances Types

1. Dan yang ketiga aku ga mau upload sesuatu Intra-sentential: the word
yang aku tidak kenal. upload is a verb.
2. Aku tonton banyak banget interview-nya Intra-lexical: Indonesian
yang 30 menit dan ada yang sejam. suffix –nya is added to a
noun word interview.
3. Aku tonton banyak banget dan bahkan Intra-lexical: Indonesian
beberapa yang siaran live yang di-upload di prefix di- is added to a
Youtube aku juga nonton. verb word upload.
4. Aku tonton banyak banget dan bahkan Intra-sentential: the word
beberapa yang siaran live yang di-upload di live is an adverb.
Youtube aku juga nonton.
5. Aku ga mau bikin video cuman purely gara- Intra-sentential: the word
gara lagi viral. purely is an adverb.
6. Aku ga mau bikin video cuman purely gara- Intra-sentential: the word
gara lagi viral. viral is an adjective.
7. Tapi bahkan sampai saat ini aku masih Intra-sentential: Request
dapatin ribuan yang request tentang is a verb.
XXXTentacion.
8. Dia mulai dikenal ketika dia nge-upload Intra-lexical: Indonesian
beberapa lagunya remix ke situs prefix ng- is added to a
Soundcloud. verb word upload.
9. Dia mulai dikenal ketika dia nge-upload Intra-sentential: the word
beberapa lagunya remix ke situs remix is an English noun.
Soundcloud.
10. Walaupun sangat-sangat talented, sangat- Intra-sentential: the word
sangat bertalenta, X was a troubled young talented is an adjective.
man.
11. Dari banyak interview yang aku tonton juga Intra-sentential: th word
X sering banget ngomong bahwa dia ingin interview is a noun.
membuat perbedaan dan menggunakan
hidupnya untuk membantu.
12. Dan ini adalah timeline kejadiannya. Intra-sentential: the word
timeline is a a compound
word.
13. Pada 18 Juni 2018, X pergi ke bank untuk Intra-sentential: the word
narik uang sebelum pergi ke dealer motor. dealer is a noun.
14. Setengah jam kemudian pada jam 4 sore, X Intra-sentential: the word
meninggalkan dealership motornya dan dealership is a noun.
masuk ke mobil BMW I8-nya dia lalu mulai
nyetir dan pergi dari dealership.
55
15. Kesaksian orang-orang yang ada, tiba-tiba Intra-sentential: black

ada black SUV, mobil SUV hitam yang stop SUV is a noun phrase.
pas di depan mobilnya si X.
16. Sesaat setelah beritanya keluar, semua orang Intra-sentential: the word
pun kaget, shock, dan bingung. shock is an adjective.
17. Dan juga bahwa suatu hari ia mungkin akan Intra-sentential: the word
memalsukan kematiannya jika pressure dari pressure is a noun.
industry udah terlalu berat.
18. Dan juga bahwa suatu hari ia mungkin akan Intra-sentential: the word
memalsukan kematiannya jika pressure dari industry is a noun.
industry udah terlalu berat.
19. Alasan yang ketiga dia dulu pernah ng- Intra-lexical: Indonesian
upload video di mana dia seakan-akan prefix ng- is added to a
bunuh diri yang ternyata cuman buat video verb word upload.
klipnya.
20. Banyak yang percaya bahwa ini cuman jadi Intra-sentential: the word
hype aja, dia pura-pura meninggal biar hype is a verb.
semua orang dengar lagunya dan karirnya
pun.
21. In a way, itu mungkin terjadi karena kalo Intra-sentential: In a way
kalian ga tau dia udah mecahin rekornya is a prepositional phrase.
Taylor Swift.
22. So aku nonton interview-nya di mana dia Intra-lexical: Indonesian
apa yang terjadi sama dia sama Drake. suffix –nya is added to a
noun word interview.
23. So aku nonton interview-nya di mana dia Intra-sentential: So is a
apa yang terjadi sama dia sama Drake. conjunction.
24. Basically dulu X itu suka banget sama Intra-lexical: Indonesian
Drake, kayak idol-nya dia. suffix –nya is added to a
noun word idol in the
middle of the sentence.
25. Basically dulu X itu suka banget sama Intra-sentential: basically
Drake, kayak idol-nya dia. is an English adverb.
26. Suatu hari ketika X viral, Drake ngontak dia Intra-sentential: the word
dan bilang bahwa Drake mau kolaborasi dan viral is an adjective.
X pun super happy kayak: wow gila Drake
mau kolaborasi sama gue.
27. Suatu hari ketika X viral, Drake ngontak dia Intra-sentential: Super
dan bilang bahwa Drake mau kolaborasi dan happy is an adjective
X pun super happy kayak: wow gila Drake phrase.
28. Tapi setelah itu Drake ga pernah contact dia Intra-sentential: contact is
lagi. a verb.
29. Tiba-tiba Drake nge-release lagu KMT yang Intra-lexical: Indonesian
beat-nya mirip banget sama lagunya X yang prefix nge- is added to a
berjudul Look At Me. verb word release.
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30. Tiba-tiba Drake nge-release lagu KMT yang Intra-lexical: Indonesian

beat-nya mirip banget sama lagunya X yang suffix –nya is added to
berjudul Look At Me. noun word beat.
31. X juga pernah nge-post snap/instastory yang Intra-lexical: Indonesian
bertuliskan: Jika ada yang membunuhku, ia prefix nge- is added to a
adalah Champagnepapi. noun word post.
32. So I’m really sorry guys tapi batre-nya abis Intra-sentential: the word
dan charger kamera aku ketinggalan di Solo charger is a noun.
lagi dikirim pake JNE.
33. Seakan dia menceritakan plan-nya untuk Intra-lexical: Indonesian
membunuh X dan menembaknya di bawah suffix –nya is added to a
leher. noun word plan in the
middle of the sentence.
34. Banyak juga yang percaya bahwa Drake ga Intra-sentential: the word
melakukan itu sendirian karena obviously obviously is an adverb.
dia Drake, tapi dia meminta bantuan dari
seorang rapper juga bernama Soldier Kid.
35. Banyak juga yang percaya bahwa Drake ga Intr-sentential: rapper is a
melakukan itu sendirian karena obviously noun.
dia Drake, tapi dia meminta bantuan dari
36. Banyak yang berpikiran bahwa Soldier Kid Intra-lexical: Indonesian
terlibat karena dia pernah nge-post satu foto prefix nge- is added to a
di mana di mobilnya ada masker merah. noun word post.
37. Pada hari yang sama dengan kejadian Intra-lexical: Indonesian
Soldier Kid nge-post di instastory dia makan prefix nge- is added to a
di Hook Fish and Chicken dan ada foto noun word post.
pistol di sebelah piringnya.
38. Tapi tak lama setelah dugaan ini Intra-lexical: Indonesian
bermunculan, Soldier Kid pun nge-post di prefix nge- is added to a
instagramnya bahwa dia tidak terlibat dan noun word post.
turut berduka cita akan apa yang terjadi
sama X.
39. Of course ga ada konspirasi yang lengkap Intra-sentential: of course
sebelum mereka dikait-kaitin sama is a prepositional phrase.
illuminati.
40. Tapi basically orang-orang percaya bahwa X Intra-sentential: the word
sudah terhubung sama illuminati. basically is an adverb.
41. So walaupun emang orangnya sangat-sangat Intra-sentential: So is a
bertalenta, orang-orang tetep kayak: ga conjunction.
mungkin, dia pasti nyembah setan.
42. Salah satu temannya X bernama Skimask Intra- sentential: A word
bilang di interview pada Oktober 2017 interview is a noun.
bahwa ia dan temannya akan dijadikan
tumbal pengorbanan illuminati makanya ia
menjauhkan diri.
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43. Tapi beberapa saat setelahnya, waktu X live, Intra-sentential: the word
dia bilang bahwa yang nonton suruh live is an adverb.
Skimask mau jadi temannya lagi.
44. So masih banyak yang percaya bahwa ia Intra-sentential: the word
ditangkap sebagai replacement tapi replacement is a noun.
sebenarnya yang bunuh bukan dia but we
don’t know.
45. So di bawah aku mo tau menurut kalian, Intra-sentential: So is a
tanpa mengurangi hormat kepada sang conjunction.
korban, ceritakan apa yang kalian percaya.
46. Apakah dia dibunuh oleh rival-nya? Intra-lexical: Indonesian
suffix –nya is added to a
noun word rival.
47. Please ceritain di bawah. Intra-sentential: Please is
an adverb.
48. Kalo misalnya kalian punya informasi Intra-sentential: the word
lainnya yang ga aku include, yang ga aku include is a verb.
masukkan di video kali ini juga bisa
diceritain di bawah karena aku sangat
tertarik untuk mengetahui lebih jauh tentang
kasus yang satu ini.
49. Kalo misalnya kalian suka videonya klik Intra-lexical: Indonesian
like-nya dan follow aku di Instagram dan suffix –nya is added to a
Twitter gampang banget Nessie Judge aja. noun word like.
50. Kalo misalnya kalian suka videonya klik Intra-sentential: the word
like-nya dan follow aku di Instagram dan Follow is a verb.
Twitter gampang banget Nessie Judge aja.
51. Subscribe ke channel ini juga nyalain Intra-lexical: Indonesian
notification-nya biar kalian tau kalo suffix –nya is added to a
misalkan aku upload video baru. noun word notification.
52. Subscribe ke channel ini juga nyalain Intra-sentential: the word
notification-nya biar kalian tau kalo subscribe is a verb.
misalkan aku upload video baru.
notification-nya biar kalian tau kalo channel is a noun.
notification-nya biar kalian tau kalo upload is a verb.
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Rekaman 911 Terseram! #Nerror

1. No, Nerror ga naiknya malam jumat, Intra-sentential: the
Nerror naiknya jumat malam. word no is a noun.
2. Basically, 911 itu adalah operator Intra-sentential: the

emergency di United State of America. word basically is an
adverb.
emergency di United State of America. word 911 is n noun.
4. Basically, 911 itu adalah operator Intra-sentential: United

emergency di United State of America. States of America is a
pronoun.
emergency di United State of America. word emergency is a
noun.
6. Aku selalu ingat nomor itu sejak aku field Intra-sentential: field
trip ke pemadam kebakaran waktu aku trip is a noun phrase.
kelas 3 SD.
7. Semua telfon yang masuk ke 911 itu di- Intra-lexical: Indonesian

record. prefix di- is added to
noun word record.
8. Semua telfon yang masuk ke 911 itu di- Intra-sentential: the
record. word 911 is n noun.
9. Dan aku liat banyak banget comments Intra-sentential:
yang minta aku buat bahas 911 calls. Comments is a noun.
10. Dan aku liat banyak banget comments Intra-sentential: the
yang minta aku buat bahas 911 calls. word 911 calls is a noun
phrase.
11. Aku sebenarnya takut karena obviously Intra-sentential: the
ini orang beneran dan kayak aku udah word obviously is an
pernah bilang aku jauh lebih takut sama adverb.
psikopat dan orang-orang yang jahat
dibanding sama hantu.
12. Jadi Karen ini lagi home alone, dia lagi Intra-sentential: home
sendirian di rumah sama bayinya. alone is a noun phrase.
13. Jadi Karen langsung telfon 911 dan inilah Intra-sentential: the
rekamannya. word 911 is a noun.
14. Oke next ada Jake Evans. Intra-sentential: the
word Next is an adverb.
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15. Jadi Jake Evans ini nelfon 911 setelah dia Intra-sentential: the
membunuh ibunya dan adik word 911 is a noun.
perempuannya.
16. Mungkin dia kayak bingung gitu dan dia Intra-sentential: the
ga tau apa yang harus dilakukan jadi dia word 911 is a noun.
nelfon 911.
17. Basically dia bunuh mamanya sama Intra-sentential: the
adeknya gara-gara mereka buat dia word basically is an
sumpek. adverb.
18. Oke next kita punya Ruth. Intra-sentential: the
word next is an adverb.
19. Akhirnya dia telfon 911. Intra-sentential: the
word 911 is a noun.
20. So ini adalah rekamannya Ruth. Intra-sentential: the
word so is a
conjunction.
21. Oke jadi orang itu nyari orang bilang ke Intra-sentential: the
dia kayak gue lagi nyari seseorang dan word apartment is a
bilang dia lagi nyari apartment. noun.
22. Oke next ada telfon dari Sandra Harrold. Intra-sentential: the
23. Basically Sandra Harold ini punya Intra-sentential: the
chimpanzee yang udah dia urus sejak word basically is an
kecil. adverb.
24. Basically Sandra Harold ini punya Intra-sentential: the
chimpanzee yang udah dia urus sejak word chimpanzee is a
kecil. noun.
25. Chimpanzee ini basically udah kayak Intra-sentential: the
anak nya Sandra Harold ini. word chimpanzee is a
noun.
26. Chimpanzee ini basically udah kayak Intra-sentential: the
anak nya Sandra Harold ini. word basically is an
adverb.
27. Karena chimpanzee ini ga kenal, dia Intra-sentential: the
merasa kayak itu adalah sebuah threat, word chimpanzee is a
sebuah ancaman. noun.
28. Karena chimpanzee ini ga kenal, dia Intra-sentential: the
merasa kayak itu adalah sebuah threat, word threat is a noun.
sebuah ancaman.
29. Dan ini adalah telfon yang dibuat sama Intra-lexical: Indonesian
Sandra ketika dia melihat Travis, suffix –nya is added to
chimpanzee-nya dia mulai menyerang the noun word
sahabatnya. chimpanzee.
30. Bayangin kalian punya binatang kayak Intra-sentential: for
for example kalian punya kucing atau example is a
anjing. prepositional phrase.
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31. Kayaknya aku juga bakalan kayak shock Intra-sentential: the

banget sampe kayak mau pingsan kayak word shock is an
Sandra tadi tuh. adjective.
32. Carla Nash tidak meninggal karena polisi Intra-sentential: the
datang tepat waktu tapi tetep aja mukanya word accident is a noun.
dia setelah accident ini, setelah
kecelakaan ini, ga akan mungkin seperti
dulu.
33. Next ada telfon dari Mark Sailor. Intra-sentential: the
34. Basically Mark Sailor lagi di mobil sama Intra-sentential: the
keluarganya the whole family. word basically is an
adverb.
35. Basically Mark Sailor lagi di mobil sama Intra-sentential: The
keluarganya the whole family. whole family is a noun
phrase.
36. Dia nelfon 911 karena remnya blong. Intra-sentential: the
word 911 is a noun.
37. Kita bakal dengar recording-nya. Intra-lexical: Indonesian
suffix –nya is added to
the noun word
recording.
38. Gasnya itu stuck. Intra-sentential: the
word stuck is an English
adjective.
39. Oh iya ya brakes-nya ga ada. Intra-lexical: Indonesian
suffix –nya is added to
the noun word brake.
40. Dan kita bakal dengerin sekarang Intra-sentential: the
recording dari telfon 911. English word recording
is a noun.
41. Kita bakal dengerin sekarang recording Intra-sentential: the
dari telfon 911. word 911 is a noun.
42. Aku ga tau kenapa kalian recommend ini Intra-sentential: the
karena video ini bikin aku 40% takut word recommend is a
60% sedih. verb.
43. Aku juga mo tau apa menurut kalian Intra-sentential: 911
tentang 911 calls ini. calls is a noun phrase.
44. Kita literally bisa mati kapan aja. Intra-sentential: the
word literally is an
adverb.
45. Jadilah orang yang baik dan juga Intra-sentential:
appreciate life. appreciate life is a noun
phrase.
46. Kalo misalkan kalian suka videonya Intra-lexical: Indonesian
please klik like-nya karena itu bakalan suffix –nya is added to
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nunjukkin kalo misalnya kalian suka. the noun word like.

47. Kalo misalkan kalian suka videonya Intra-sentential: Please
please klik like-nya karena itu bakalan is an adverb.
nunjukkin kalo misalnya kalian suka.
48. Follow aku di Instagram dan Twitter Intra-sentential: the
gampang banget namaku aja. word follow is a verb.
49. Komen-komen kalian dan sarannya aku Intra-sentential:
tunggu di bawah di comment section. comment section is a
noun phrase.
50. Jangan lupa subscribe ke channel ini. Intra-sentential: the
word subscribe is a
verb.
51. Dan juga jangan lupa subscribe ke Intra-sentential: the
channel ini. word channel is a noun.
52. Juga nyalain notification-nya jadi kalian Intra-lexical: Indonesian
tau kalo misalnya aku upload video baru. suffix –nya is added to
the noun word
notification.
APPENDIX 2: REASONS OF USING CODE MIXING

Konspirasi Terseram XXXTentacion! #Nerror
No. Utterances Reasons of using Code

Mixing
1. Dan yang ketiga aku ga mau upload sesuatu Talking about particular
yang aku tidak kenal. topic. It refers to the
activity of uploading data,
etc.
2. Aku tonton banyak banget interview-nya Talking about particular
yang 30 menit dan ada yang sejam. topic. It refers to a
meeting in which
questions are asked.
3. Aku tonton banyak banget dan bahkan Talking about particular
beberapa yang siaran live yang di-upload di topic. It refers to
Youtube aku juga nonton. something that is being
uploaded.
4. Aku tonton banyak banget dan bahkan Talking about particular
beberapa yang siaran live yang di-upload di topic. It refers to a
Youtube aku juga nonton. moment that is happening.
5. Aku ga mau bikin video cuman purely gara- Being empathetic about
gara lagi viral. something. It means
completely.
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6. Aku ga mau bikin video cuman purely gara- Being empathetic about
gara lagi viral. something. It refers to
something that is
spreading over the
internet.
7. Tapi bahkan sampai saat ini aku masih Talking about particular
dapatin ribuan yang request tentang topic. It refers to an action
XXXTentacion. of asking something.
8. Dia mulai dikenal ketika dia nge-upload Talking about particular
beberapa lagunya remix ke situs topic. It refers to the
Soundcloud. process of uploading
something.
9. Dia mulai dikenal ketika dia nge-upload Talking about particular
beberapa lagunya remix ke situs topic. It refers to music or
Soundcloud. video that is being
rearranged.
10. Walaupun sangat-sangat talented, sangat- Repetition used for
sangat bertalenta, X was a troubled young clarification. It refers to a
man. behaviour where someone
is naturally good at
something.
11. Dari banyak interview yang aku tonton juga Talking about particular
X sering banget ngomong bahwa dia ingin topic. It refers to a
membuat perbedaan dan menggunakan meeting in which
hidupnya untuk membantu. questions are asked.
12. Dan ini adalah timeline kejadiannya. Talking about particular
topic. It refers to a
procedure of an event.
13. Pada 18 Juni 2018, X pergi ke bank untuk Talking about particular
narik uang sebelum pergi ke dealer motor. topic. It refers to a
someone who buy or sell
product.
14. Setengah jam kemudian pada jam 4 sore, X Talking about particular
meninggalkan dealership motornya dan topic. It refers to a
masuk ke mobil BMW I8-nya dia lalu mulai business that sells
nyetir dan pergi dari dealership. product, such as car or
motorcycle.
15. Kesaksian orang-orang yang ada, tiba-tiba Repetition used for
ada black SUV, mobil SUV hitam yang stop clarification. It refers to a
pas di depan mobilnya si X. particular type of car.
16. Sesaat setelah beritanya keluar, semua orang Repetition used for
pun kaget, shock, dan bingung. clarification. It means a
feeling of upset about
something.
17. Dan juga bahwa suatu hari ia mungkin akan Being empathetic about
memalsukan kematiannya jika pressure dari something. It refers to the
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industry udah terlalu berat. weight of something that

can causes stress.
18. Dan juga bahwa suatu hari ia mungkin akan Talking about particular
memalsukan kematiannya jika pressure dari topic. It refers to a
industry udah terlalu berat. business that gives certain
product/service.
19. Alasan yang ketiga dia dulu pernah ng- Talking about particular
upload video di mana dia seakan-akan topic. It refers to the
bunuh diri yang ternyata cuman buat video process of uploading
klipnya. something.
20. Banyak yang percaya bahwa ini cuman jadi Talking about particular
hype aja, dia pura-pura meninggal biar topic. It refers to
semua orang dengar lagunya dan karirnya promotional publicity.
pun.
21. In a way, itu mungkin terjadi karena kalo Talking about particular
kalian ga tau dia udah mecahin rekornya topic. It means in some
Taylor Swift. ways.
22. So aku nonton interview-nya di mana dia Talking about particular
apa yang terjadi sama dia sama Drake. topic. It refers to a
meeting in which
questions are asked.
23. So aku nonton interview-nya di mana dia Talking about particular
apa yang terjadi sama dia sama Drake. topic. It refers to the
reason of something.
24. Basically dulu X itu suka banget sama Talking about particular
Drake, kayak idol-nya dia. topic. It refers to a person
that is being worshipped
or idolized.
25. Basically dulu X itu suka banget sama Being empathetic about
Drake, kayak idol-nya dia. something. It means in a
general way.
26. Suatu hari ketika X viral, Drake ngontak dia Talking about particular
dan bilang bahwa Drake mau kolaborasi dan topic. It refers to
X pun super happy kayak: wow gila Drake something that is
mau kolaborasi sama gue. spreading over the
internet.
27. Suatu hari ketika X viral, Drake ngontak dia Being empathetic about
dan bilang bahwa Drake mau kolaborasi dan something. It means
X pun super happy kayak: wow gila Drake extremelly happy.
28. Tapi setelah itu Drake ga pernah contact dia Talking about particular
lagi. topic. It refers to the
activity of keeping up
with someone.
29. Tiba-tiba Drake nge-release lagu KMT Talking about particular
yang beat-nya mirip banget sama lagunya X topic. It refers to the
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yang berjudul Look At Me. activity of releasing or

revealing something.
30. Tiba-tiba Drake nge-release lagu KMT Talking about particular
yang beat-nya mirip banget sama lagunya X topic. It refers to the
yang berjudul Look At Me. rhythm of music.
31. X juga pernah nge-post snap/instastory yang Talking about particular
bertuliskan: Jika ada yang membunuhku, ia topic. It refers to the
adalah Champagnepapi. activity of publishing
something.
32. So I’m really sorry guys tapi batre-nya abis Talking about particular
dan charger kamera aku ketinggalan di Solo topic. It refers to a device
lagi dikirim pake JNE. that is used to charge
battery.
33. Seakan dia menceritakan plan-nya untuk Talking about particular
membunuh X dan menembaknya di bawah topic. It refers to
leher. something that a person
want to do.
34. Banyak juga yang percaya bahwa Drake ga Being empathetic about
melakukan itu sendirian karena obviously something. It refers to
dia Drake, tapi dia meminta bantuan dari something that is easy to
seorang rapper juga bernama Soldier Kid. understand.
35. Banyak juga yang percaya bahwa Drake ga Talking about particular
melakukan itu sendirian karena obviously topic. It refers to a person
dia Drake, tapi dia meminta bantuan dari who perfoms rap music.
36. Banyak yang berpikiran bahwa Soldier Kid Talking about particular
terlibat karena dia pernah nge-post satu foto topic. It refers to the
di mana di mobilnya ada masker merah. activity of publishing
something.
37. Pada hari yang sama dengan kejadian Talking about particular
Soldier Kid nge-post di instastory dia makan topic. It refers to the
di Hook Fish and Chicken dan ada foto activity of publishing
pistol di sebelah piringnya. something.
38. Tapi tak lama setelah dugaan ini Talking about particular
bermunculan, Soldier Kid pun nge-post di topic. It refers to the
instagramnya bahwa dia tidak terlibat dan activity of publishing
turut berduka cita akan apa yang terjadi something.
sama X.
39. Of course ga ada konspirasi yang lengkap Being empathetic about
sebelum mereka dikait-kaitin sama something. It means
illuminati. something is certain.
40. Tapi basically orang-orang percaya bahwa Being empathetic about
X sudah terhubung sama illuminati. something. It means in a
general way.
41. So walaupun emang orangnya sangat-sangat Talking about particular
bertalenta, orang-orang tetep kayak: ga topic. It refers to the
65
mungkin, dia pasti nyembah setan. reason of something.

42. Salah satu temannya X bernama Skimask Talking about particular
bilang di interview pada Oktober 2017 topic. It refers to a
bahwa ia dan temannya akan dijadikan meeting in which
tumbal pengorbanan illuminati makanya ia questions are asked.
menjauhkan diri.
43. Tapi beberapa saat setelahnya, waktu X live, Talking about particular
dia bilang bahwa yang nonton suruh topic. It refers to a
Skimask mau jadi temannya lagi. moment that is happening.
44. So masih banyak yang percaya bahwa ia Talking about particular
ditangkap sebagai replacement tapi topic. It refers to the
sebenarnya yang bunuh bukan dia but we action of replacing
don’t know. something.
45. So di bawah aku mo tau menurut kalian, Talking about particular
tanpa mengurangi hormat kepada sang topic. It refers to the
korban, ceritakan apa yang kalian percaya. reason of something.
46. Apakah dia dibunuh oleh rival-nya? Talking about particular
topic. It refers to a person
that is trying to be
successful than other
people.
47. Please ceritain di bawah. Talking about particular
topic. It means to ask
someone to do something.
48. Kalo misalnya kalian punya informasi Repetition used for
lainnya yang ga aku include, yang ga aku clarification. It means to
masukkan di video kali ini juga bisa make something a part of
diceritain di bawah karena aku sangat something.
tertarik untuk mengetahui lebih jauh tentang
kasus yang satu ini.
49. Kalo misalnya kalian suka videonya klik Talking about particular
like-nya dan follow aku di Instagram dan topic. It refers to a thumb
Twitter gampang banget Nessie Judge aja. up button.
50. Kalo misalnya kalian suka videonya klik Talking about particular
like-nya dan follow aku di Instagram dan topic. It means to keep up
Twitter gampang banget Nessie Judge aja. with something or
someone.
51. Subscribe ke channel ini juga nyalain Talking about particular
notification-nya biar kalian tau kalo topic. It refers to
misalkan aku upload video baru. something that gives
information.
notification-nya biar kalian tau kalo topic. It means to have
misalkan aku upload video baru. access to something.
notification-nya biar kalian tau kalo topic. It refers to a station
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misalkan aku upload video baru. of something.

notification-nya biar kalian tau kalo topic. It refers to the
misalkan aku upload video baru. activity of uploading data,
etc.
Rekaman 911 Terseram! #Nerror

1. No, Nerror ga naiknya malam jumat, Being empathetic about
Nerror naiknya jumat malam. something. It refers to a
way of giving a negative
answer.
2. Basically, 911 itu adalah operator Being empathetic about
emergency di United State of America. something. It means in a
general way.
3. Basically, 911 itu adalah operator Talking about particular
emergency di United State of America. topic. It refers to an
emergency call.
emergency di United State of America. topic. It refers to a place.
emergency di United State of America. topic. It refers to a
dangerous situation.
6. Aku selalu ingat nomor itu sejak aku field Talking about particular
trip ke pemadam kebakaran waktu aku topic. It refers to trip that
kelas 3 SD. is usually done by
students.
7. Semua telfon yang masuk ke 911 itu di- Talking about particular
record. topic. It refers to the
activity of being recorded.
8. Semua telfon yang masuk ke 911 itu di- Talking about particular
record. topic. It refers to an
emergency call.
9. Dan aku liat banyak banget comments Talking about particular
yang minta aku buat bahas 911 calls. topic. It refers to a
statement that shows
opinion by someone.
10. Dan aku liat banyak banget comments yang Talking about particular
minta aku buat bahas 911 calls. topic. It refers to an
emergency call.
11. Aku sebenarnya takut karena obviously ini Being empathetic about
orang beneran dan kayak aku udah pernah something. It refers to
bilang aku jauh lebih takut sama psikopat something that is easy to
dan orang-orang yang jahat dibanding sama understand.
67
hantu.
12. Jadi Karen ini lagi home alone, dia lagi Repetition used for
sendirian di rumah sama bayinya. clarification. It refers to a
situation where someone
is alone in home.
13. Jadi Karen langsung telfon 911 dan inilah Talking about particular
rekamannya. topic. It refers to an
emergency call.
14. Oke next ada Jake Evans. Talking about particular
topic. It refers to
something/someone that
comes after something.
15. Jadi Jake Evans ini nelfon 911 setelah dia Talking about particular
membunuh ibunya dan adik perempuannya. topic. It refers to an
emergency call.
16. Mungkin dia kayak bingung gitu dan dia ga Talking about particular
tau apa yang harus dilakukan jadi dia topic. It refers to an
nelfon 911. emergency call.
17. Basically dia bunuh mamanya sama Being empathetic about
adeknya gara-gara mereka buat dia something. It means in a
sumpek. general way.
18. Oke next kita punya Ruth. Talking about particular
topic. It refers to
19. Akhirnya dia telfon 911. Talking about particular
topic. It refers to an
emergency call.
20. So ini adalah rekamannya Ruth. Talking about particular
topic. It refers to the
reason of something.
21. Oke jadi orang itu nyari orang bilang ke dia Talking about particular
kayak gue lagi nyari seseorang dan bilang topic. It refers to a place to
dia lagi nyari apartment. live.
22. Oke next ada telfon dari Sandra Harrold. Talking about particular
topic. It refers to
23. Basically Sandra Harold ini punya Being empathetic about
chimpanzee yang udah dia urus sejak kecil. something. It means in a
general way.
24. Basically Sandra Harold ini punya Talking about particular
chimpanzee yang udah dia urus sejak kecil. topic. It refers to a kind of
ape.
25. Chimpanzee ini basically udah kayak anak Talking about particular
nya Sandra Harold ini. topic. It refers to a kind of
68
ape.
26. Chimpanzee ini basically udah kayak anak Being empathetic about
nya Sandra Harold ini. something. It means in a
general way.
27. Karena chimpanzee ini ga kenal, dia Talking about particular
merasa kayak itu adalah sebuah threat, topic. It refers to a kind of
sebuah ancaman. ape.
28. Karena chimpanzee ini ga kenal, dia Repetition used for
merasa kayak itu adalah sebuah threat, clarification. It refers to
sebuah ancaman. something that is
considered dangerous.
29. Dan ini adalah telfon yang dibuat sama Talking about particular
Sandra ketika dia melihat Travis, topic. It refers to a kind of
chimpanzee-nya dia mulai menyerang ape.
sahabatnya.
30. Bayangin kalian punya binatang kayak for Talking about particular
example kalian punya kucing atau anjing. topic. It means to give an
example.
31. Kayaknya aku juga bakalan kayak shock Being empathetic about
banget sampe kayak mau pingsan kayak something. It means a
Sandra tadi tuh. feeling of upset about
something.
32. Carla Nash tidak meninggal karena polisi Talking about particular
datang tepat waktu tapi tetep aja mukanya topic. It refers to an
dia setelah accident ini, setelah kecelakaan unexpected event that
ini, ga akan mungkin seperti dulu. happen suddenly.
33. Next ada telfon dari Mark Sailor. Talking about particular
topic. It refers to
34. Basically Mark Sailor lagi di mobil sama Being empathetic about
keluarganya the whole family. something. It means in a
general way.
35. Basically Mark Sailor lagi di mobil sama Talking about particular
keluarganya the whole family. topic. It means complete.
36. Dia nelfon 911 karena remnya blong. Talking about particular
topic. It refers to an
emergency call.
37. Kita bakal dengar recording-nya. Talking about particular
topic. It refers to stuff
(images, music, etc.) that
is being stored on CD, etc.
38. Gasnya itu stuck. Talking about particular
topic. It means unable to
move.
39. Oh iya ya brakes-nya ga ada. Talking about particular
69
topic. It refers to a device

that is used to stop a
vehicle.
40. Dan kita bakal dengerin sekarang Talking about particular
recording dari telfon 911. topic. It refers to stuff
(images, music, etc.) that
is being stored on CD, etc.
41. Kita bakal dengerin sekarang recording Talking about particular
dari telfon 911. topic. It refers to an
emergency call.
42. Aku ga tau kenapa kalian recommend ini Talking about particular
karena video ini bikin aku 40% takut 60% topic. It means to suggest
sedih. something to someone.
43. Aku juga mo tau apa menurut kalian Talking about particular
tentang 911 calls ini. topic. It refers to an
emergency call.
44. Kita literally bisa mati kapan aja. Being empathetic about
something. It means a
literal manner.
45. Jadilah orang yang baik dan juga Being empathetic about
appreciate life. something. It means to
cheris life.
46. Kalo misalkan kalian suka videonya please Talking about particular
klik like-nya karena itu bakalan nunjukkin topic. It refers to a thumb
kalo misalnya kalian suka. up button.
47. Kalo misalkan kalian suka videonya please Talking about particular
klik like-nya karena itu bakalan nunjukkin topic. It means to ask
kalo misalnya kalian suka. someone to do something.
48. Follow aku di Instagram dan Twitter Talking about particular
gampang banget namaku aja. topic. It means to keep up
with something or
someone.
49. Komen-komen kalian dan sarannya aku Talking about particular
tunggu di bawah di comment section. topic. It refers to a part
that is used to give
opinion, suggestion, etc.
50. Jangan lupa subscribe ke channel ini. Talking about particular
topic. It means to have
access to something.
51. Dan juga jangan lupa subscribe ke channel Talking about particular
ini. topic. It refers to a station
of something.
52. Juga nyalain notification-nya jadi kalian Talking about particular
tau kalo misalnya aku upload video baru. topic. It refers to
something that gives
information.
70
Approved by
Anna Fitriati, S. Pd., M. Hum. June 14, 2019

Advisor
Dr. Bernadine Ria Lestari, M. Sc. June 13, 2019

Co-Advisor

An Analysis of Code-Mixing Found in Two Selected Videos by Nessie Judge

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An Analysis of Code-Mixing Found in Two Selected Videos by Nessie Judge

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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

AN ANALYSIS OF CODE MIXING FOUND IN

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS

AN ANALYSIS OF CODE MIXING FOUND IN

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS

“I can do all things through Christ who strengthens me”.

Second, I am so grateful to have an amazing thesis advisor, Anna Fitriati,

process. I also thank F. X. Risang Bagaskara, S. S., M. Hum., as my academic

Fourth, I would like to thank my parents, my sisters, my brother, and my

Marshyke Trisharma I. Pello

TITLE PAGE ................................................................................................. ii

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ................................................................ 1

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE ............................................. 6

CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY ............................................................ 21

CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS .......................................................................... 25

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION ..................................................................... 49

1. Table 1. Types of Code Mixing 26

PELLO, MARSHYKE TRISHARMA I. (2019). An Analysis of Code Mixing

Keywords: Indonesian, English, code mixing, sociolinguistics.

PELLO, MARSHYKE TRISHARMA I. (2019). An Analysis of Code Mixing

Di era modern ini, hampir semua orang menggunakan media sosial.

Kata kunci: Indonesian, English, code mixing, sociolinguistics.

A. Background of the Study

Language is a tool of communication and it is used by people in order to

that language is not simply a means of communicating information - about the

weather or any other subjects. It is also a very important means of establishing

and maintaining relationships with other people (p.13).

languages and it is also an international language. English is considered as a

Indonesia, people can learn and master English by going to educational

institutions. However, English can also be acquired through songs, movies,

Nowadays, people in Indonesia tend to mix Indonesian and English at the

other in the course of a single utterrance (p. 106).

many kinds of social media, such as Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, Youtube,

Pinterest, and many more.

different languages available on Youtube. Youtube is one of the world‟s major

In Indonesia, there are many famous Youtubers. One of them is Nessie

her videos is called Nerror. It is a segment which she discusses conspiracy

Konspirasi Terseram XXXTentacion.

The researcher finds an interesting thing in Nessie Judge‟s videos. In the

Indonesian, then she mixes with English word.

This topic is worth studying because code mixing is a phenomenon that

experience this phenomenon. By studying this, it helps us to understand more

C. Objectives of the Study

speaker, use code mixing in her two selected videos.

of sociolinguistics. To understand further, the meaning of sociolinguistics is

explained as follows. According to Wardaugh (1992, p. 13), Sociolinguistics

languages function in communication. It can be concluded that language and

society are inseperable. The structure of language can be understood by observing

In studying sociolinguistics, it is important to know and understand what

a code is. A code is “a symbol of nationalism that is used by people to speak or

communicate in a particular language – a dialect, a register, an accent or a style on

differrent occasions and for different purposes” (Stockwell as cited in Yuliana et

various linguistic units (morpheme, words, modifiers, phrases, clauses and

sentences) primarily from two partcipating grammatical systems within a sentence

(p. 376). Code mixing occurs in bilingual and multilingual societies.

to develop and analyze the research.

A. Review of Related Studies

an undergraduate thesis conducted by Allantro in 2014 with the title “Code

Mixing in Fashion Tips Articles As Seen in Go Girl! November 2013 Edition”.

mixing, and 14 sentences are categorized as intra-lexical code-mixing. After