10

Science
Learning Activity Sheets
Quarter 2: Week 1 -2
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Name____________________________________________ Q2W 1-2

Section___________________________________________ Date: _________

ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM

Background Information
Electricity can be static, like the energy that can make your hair stand on end.
Magnetism can also be static, as it is in a refrigerator magnet. A changing magnetic field will
induce a changing electric field and vice-versa—the two are linked. These changing fields
form electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic waves differ from mechanical waves in that
they do not require a medium to propagate. This means that electromagnetic waves can
travel not only through air and solid materials, but also through the vacuum of space.
Electromagnetic waves have crests and
troughs similar to those of ocean waves. The
distance between crests is the wavelength.
The shortest wavelengths are just fractions of
the size of an atom, while the longest
wavelengths scientists currently study can be
larger than the diameter of our planet.
The electromagnetic (EM) spectrum is the range of all types of EM radiation.
Radiation is energy that travels and spreads out as it goes – the visible light that comes from
a lamp in your house and the radio waves that come from a radio station are two types of

electromagnetic radiation. The other types of EM radiation that make up the electromagnetic
spectrum are microwaves, infrared light, ultraviolet light, X-rays and gamma-rays.
Electromagnetic radiation can be described as a stream of photons, each traveling in
a wave-like pattern, carrying energy and moving at the speed of light. The EM Spectrum is
the complete (entire) range of EM waves in order of increasing frequency and decreasing
wavelength. This means as you look from right to the left on a diagram of the spectrum, the
wavelengths get smaller and the frequency gets larger. An inverse relationship exists
between size of the wave and frequency. Remember all EM waves travel at the same speed:
300,000km/s. Eelectromagnetic waves vary in wavelength and frequency. Longer
wavelength electromagnetic waves have lower frequencies, and shorter wavelength waves
have higher frequencies. Higher frequency waves have more energy.
EM Waves
Radio waves Radio waves have the longest wavelengths in the electromagnetic
spectrum. They range from the length of a football to larger than our planet. Ranges from
thousands of meters to 30 cm. These correspond to frequencies as low as 3 Hz and as high
as 1 gigahertz (109 Hz). Radio waves are a type of electromagnetic radiation best-known for
their use in communication technologies, such as television, mobile phones and radios.
These devices receive radio waves and convert them to mechanical vibrations in the
speaker to create sound waves.
 Microwaves have frequencies ranging from about 1 billion cycles per second, or 1
gigahertz (GHz), up to about 300 gigahertz and wavelengths of about 30 centimeters (12
inches) to 1 millimeter (0.04 inches), according to the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Infrared radiation (IR), sometimes known as infrared light, is electromagnetic

radiation (EMR) with wavelengths longer than those of visible light have shorter
wavelengths, from 0.001 m to 700 nm and higher frequencies (a nm is one billionth of a
meter). Infrared is used to find people in the dark and in TV remote
Visible light is what we can see in the EM spectrum. Wavelengths of visible light
range from about 700 nm (red light) to 400 nm (violet light). Visible light frequencies are
higher than the frequencies of infrared waves.
Ultraviolet or UV "light" spans a range of wavelengths between about 10 and 400
nanometers. The wavelength of violet light is around 400 nanometers (or 4,000 Å).
Ultraviolet radiation oscillates at rates between about 800 terahertz (THz or 1012 hertz) and
30,000 THz. The short-wavelength UV photons have high energies, and are very damaging
to living creatures. UV-C is sometimes called "Short Wave" UV or "germicidal" UV; the latter
because it is sometimes used to sterilize laboratory equipment or to purify water by killing
microbes.

X-rays have wavelengths from 10 nm to 0.001 nm. X-rays are types of

electromagnetic radiation most well-known for their ability to see through a person's skin and
reveal images of the bones beneath it.
Gamma rays Gamma-rays fall in the range of the EM spectrum above soft X-rays.
Gamma-rays have frequencies greater than about 10^19 cycles per second, or hertz (Hz),
and wavelengths of less than 100 picometers (pm), or 4 x 10^9 inches. (A picometer is one-
trillionth of a meter.) Gamma rays have the smallest wavelengths and the most energy of
any wave in the electromagnetic spectrum. They are produced by the hottest and most
energetic objects in the universe, such as neutron stars and pulsars, supernova explosions,
and regions around black holes.

Learning Competency
- Compare the relative wavelengths of different forms of electromagnetic waves. S10FE-
IIa-47
 Activity 1 Rainbow Experiment
(By Rookie Parenting Science Updated 05/16/2020)
Now are you ready to make some rainbows? Here are 3 easy ways to make your own
rainbows at home. Choose one and do it with the supervision of your guardian.
Warning: Adult supervision is vital in experiments involving sunlight. Do not look
directly at the sun or at the reflection of sun in a mirror.
1-A Rainbow Prism
Objectives:
1. Realize that sunlight is white light, which can be split its component colors.
2. Appreciate that visible light waves are the only electromagnetic waves we
can see and each color has a different wavelegth.
Active time: 15 minutes
Total time: 15 minutes
One of the easiest and most visually stunning ways to see a rainbow is by using a
prism.
Materials:
strong sunlight glass prism white cardboard / paper (optional) adult supervision
Procedure:
a. Place a piece of white paper on the ground under the sunlight.
b. Put the prism on or above the paper.
c. Rotate and move the prism around until you see rainbow colors on the paper.

Guide Questions:
1. What does a prism reveal about visible light?
_____________________________________________________________.
2 Write down the order of the colors you observed.
_____________________________________________________________.
2. Explain why violet light is refracted the most?
_____________________________________________________________.
 1-B Rainbow Rainbow On The Wall (Note: Need adult Supervision)
Objectives:
1. Realize that sunlight is white light, which can be split its component colors.
2. Appreciate that visible light waves are the only electromagnetic waves we can see
and each color has a different wavelength
Materials
Water sunlight clear glass small mirror
Procedure:
a. Fill the glass with water.
b. Put the mirror into the water inside the
glass at an
angle

c. Position the glass so that sunlight shines directly at the mirror. You may have to
shift the mirror to find the right angle.
d. Look for a reflection on the wall. It would be easier to see if the room is dark.
e. Adjust the angle of the mirror until you see a rainbow on the wall

Guide Questions:
1.What does a reflection of light on mirror revealed?
___________________________________________________________________
2.List down the sequence of colors you observed.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.
3.Explain why red light is refracted the least?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.

1-C Make A Rainbow Using Flashlight

Objectives:
1. Realize that sunlight is white light, which can be split its component colors.
2. Appreciate that visible light waves are the only electromagnetic waves we can
see and each color has a different wavelength
Materials
Water clear glass 2 pieces of white cardboard adult supervision
flashlight that emits strong focused white light. Flashlights that emit only yellowish
light won’t work. Flashlights that don’t emit focused light also won’t work. Look
 for one with parabolic reflecting mirrors inside to focus the light, or one with a
strong LED light.
Procedure:
a. Fill the glass with water.
b. Cut a narrow rectangle in the middle of one
piece of paper.
c. Stick that paper to the outside of the glass so
that the slit is at the center.
d. Place the other piece of paper on the floor on
the other side of the glass to catch the rainbow.
e. In a pitch-dark room, point the flashlight at
the slit.

Guide Questions:
1. What does a reflection of light coming from the medium revealed?
________________________________________________________________
2. List down the sequence of colors you observed.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
3. Explain why colors appeared from red to violet?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

Activity 2
Wave My Description

Directions: Use the appropriate wave to connect column A to column B.

A
Electromagnetic wave EMs descriptions
1. Gamma Rays A. It is the only visible among EMs.

2. X-rays B. It has the shortest wavelength

3. Ultraviolet Rays C. It has a wavelength ranging from 10

nm to 0.001 nm
4. Visible light D. Its wavelength range from about
400 nm to 10 nm
5. Infrared
E. Its wavelength covers of about 30
6. Microwave centimeters to 1 millimeter.
F. Its wavelength starts from 0.001 m
7. Radio wave to 700 nm
G. EM with longest wavelength
 Activity 3
Oh MY Ems
Objective:
1. Appreciate and understand the eclectromagnetic waves in terms of wavelength
proprties.
Directions: Use the diagram below in answering the guide questions.

1. What is electeromagnetic spectrum?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. Are they in a specific order? How is the order of different EMs determined? What would
that order be?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.
3. What wave property increased as the wavelength decreased?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.
4. What happens to the energy of colors found in the visible light as the wavelength
decreases?

Activity 4
Complete My table
Complete the table below.

Electromagnetic Waves Illustration of Wave Measurement of wave

1. Radio Wave

2. Microwave

3. Infrared

4. Visible light

5. Ultraviolet Rays

6. X-Rays
 7. Gamma rays

Reflection
Briefly explain the topic based on your understanding. In your opinion, why it is
important to study electromagnetic waves?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________.

References:
Science, Radio waves, Accessed September 8,2020
https://science.nasa.gov/ems/05_radiowaves

Science, Anatomy, Accessed September 8,2020

https://science.nasa.gov/ems/02_anatomy

Scied.UCAR, Ultraviolet Radiation, Accessed September 8,2020

scied.ucar.edu/ultraviolet-uv-radiation
Images, Spectrum, Accessed September 8,2020
https://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/Images/science/EM_spectrum_full.jpg
Image, Electromagnetic Spectrum, Accessed September 8,2020
https://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/toolbox/emspectrum
Image, Wavelength, Freuency and Spectrum, Accessed September8,2020
https://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/toolbox/emspectrum2.html
TeachEngeneering: Stem Curriculum for K to 12, Accessed September 8,2020
https://www.teachengineering.org/
Rookie parenting, how to make a rainbow, Accessed September8,2020
https://www.rookieparenting.com/make-your-own-rainbow-science-experiment/
Science4inquiry, Lessons Plans, Accessed September8,2020
https://science4inquiry.com/LessonPlans/EarthScience/Electromagnetic/ElectromagneticLes
son.pdf

KEY ANSWERS

Activity 1

1-A Rainbow Prism

1. As a beam of sunlight through prism, a spectrum of colors appeared from red to

violet

2. Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet

3. Violet light is refracted the most, because it has the shortest wavelength of the
entire range of visible light.
1-B Rainbow on The Wall

1. As light from the sun reflected, the colors appeared from red to violet

2. Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet.

3. Red light is refracted the least, because it has the longest wavelength of the entire
range of visible light.

1-C Make A Rainbow Using Flashlight

1. When light passes from one medium to another medium of a different density the
light bends. Light is refracted depends on the wavelength of the light. The shorter
the wavelength, the more it bends. Because lights of different colors have
different wavelengths, each color is refracted by different amounts. Therefore,
white light is split up after passing from air to another medium and the individual
colors become visible.

2. Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet.

3. Because lights of different colors have different wavelengths. Each color is

characteristic of a distinct wavelength; and different wavelengths of light waves
will bend varying amounts upon passage through a medium. For these reasons,
visible light is dispersed upon passage through a medium. Dispersion of visible
light produces the colors red (R), orange (O), yellow (Y), green (G), blue (B), and
violet (V).

Activity 2 Wave My Description

Activity 3 Oh MY EMs

1. The electromagnetic spectrum is a continuum of all electromagnetic waves arranged

according to frequency and wavelength.
2. They are in a specific order.
They are usually ordered by the wavelength from longest wavelength (radio waves) to
shortest wavelength (gamma waves).
Radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, visible light, ultraviolet waves, x-ray
waves, gamma rays.
3. Energy increases as the wavelength decreases.
4. The order of the colors in the visible light spectrum are red, orange, yellow, green,
blue, indigo, and violet.

Activity 4 Complete My table

Electromagnetic Waves Illustration of Wave Measurement of wave

1. Radio Wave Wavelength ranging from

thousands of meters to 30
cm.

2. Microwave Its wavelength ranging

about 30 centimeters (12
inches) to 1 millimeter (0.04
inches)

3. Infrared from 0.001 m to 700 nm

Wavelengths of visible light

4. Visible light range from about 700 nm
(red light) to 400 nm (violet
light).
Spans a range of
5. Ultraviolet Rays wavelengths between about
10 and 400 nanometers.
The wavelength of violet
light is around 400
nanometers (or 4,000 Å).

6. X-Rays
from 10 nm to 0.001 nm

Less than 100 Pico meters

7. Gamma rays (pm), or 4 x 10^9 inches. (A
Pico meter is one-trillionth
of a meter.)

Prepared by

ROSANA C. TORRES