1.

Differentiate the following:

a. Micronutrients from macronutrients

❖ The dietary compounds we need more of are macronutrients. Specifically, carbohydrates,

fats, and protein. For unique reasons, they are all important and play a major role in the
way our body operates, specifically functions like energy-yielding metabolism, whereas
micronutrients are small nutritional compounds with a big task. Meet these mighty but
tiny members of your team: Micronutrients may be described in smaller quantities as the
vitamins and minerals that we might need, but they still play a wide-reaching role in
various body processes. Consider vitamin D, which helps out with calcium absorption,
bone health, and normal immune function. Or vitamin B12, which contributes to
metabolism that yields energy. The antioxidant is vitamin C. Then, when it comes to
promoting blood health, there is magnesium, a powerhouse. The list continues.

b. Starvation from malnourishment

❖ Hunger and hunger are the same in that your body doesn't get the nutrients it requires to
survive and develop in both. The main difference is that "starvation" means that the body
for a prolonged period of time does not get enough food. Malnutrition is a term used
when the body does not get enough vitamins and nutrients, even if enough calories are
eaten, to maintain good health.

2. Explain how the problem of hunger is associated with the problem of poverty in relation to
politics.

❖ It is also possible to create a hunger-free world where all seven billion people are well fed. The
earth provides ample nourishment. The problem of hunger is not necessarily triggered by natural
crises. It is accepted because it considers other items to be more important. European consumers'
and farmers' voices hold more political weight, for instance. If all our fine words about unity were
 taken seriously, then subsidies would have to be eliminated, trade ties would have to be
revolutionized, and food prices would have to increase in the industrial states.

3. Explain briefly how the following affect the problems on food and hunger:

a. Food distribution and pattern

❖ Complex combinations of operations, functions and relationships (production, handling,

storage, transport, manufacturing, packaging, wholesale, retail, etc.) are the food supply
and distribution systems (FSDSs) for cities that enable cities to meet their food
requirements. Different economic agents (players) conduct these activities:
Manufacturers, assemblers, importers, trucks, wholesalers, dealers, producers,
shopkeepers, street vendors, suppliers of services (credit, storage, porterage, information
and extension), suppliers of packaging, public agencies (e.g. municipal and local
governments, boards of public food marketing and private associations) (e.g. traders,
transporters, shopkeepers and consumers).

b. Cultural food preferences

❖ For building sustainable food and agricultural systems, eating patterns are essential. This
paper starts by presenting the key characteristics of worldwide eating habits. These eating
habits include relative dietary convergence, a faster food transition in emerging and
developed countries, the production of major food and waste losses in the distribution and
final stages of consumption. These trends have adverse health and environmental effects.
In order to identify knowledge gaps, the drivers of these trends are investigated, the
filling of which may make it easier to plan and enforce actions and policies aimed at
making food systems more sustainable.

4. Describe the nutritional importance of the following food groups. Refer to any books on
basic food nutrition.
a. Carbohydrates

❖ Carbohydrates are the primary energy source for your body: they help power
your brain, kidneys, muscles of the heart, and central nervous system. Fiber, for
example, is a carbohydrate that improves digestion, helps you feel complete, and
holds levels of blood cholesterol in check.

b. Proteins

❖ In the human body, every cell contains protein. A chain of amino acids is the
basic protein structure. In order to help your body regenerate cells and make new
ones, you need protein in your diet. In infants, teens, and pregnant women,
protein is also essential for growth and development.

c. Lipids (fats and oils)

❖ Glycerol esters and three fatty acids are fats and oils. As energy sources, they are
important in the diet and as sources of essential fatty acids and fat-soluble
vitamins that appear to be associated with fats. They also provide the diet with
satiety, taste, and palatability.

d. Vitamins

❖ Vitamins and minerals are considered important nutrients because they play
hundreds of functions in the body, functioning in concert. They help the bones
shore up, heal wounds, and improve the immune system. They also transform
food into energy, and cellular damage is repaired.

e. Minerals

❖ To develop strong bones and teeth and turn the food you eat into energy, your
body requires certain minerals. As with vitamins, all the minerals the body
requires to function properly should be supported by a safe, balanced diet.
Calcium, iron, and potassium are fundamental minerals.