PAPER

MATERIALOF CIRCLE

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BY :
DEWI KASIHANA AMANDA

MATHEMATICS DEPARTEMENT PROGRAM

FACULTY OF EDUCATION AND KNOWLEDGE SCIENCE
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF MAKASSAR
 PREPACE

All praise belongs only to Allah SWT. Prayers and greetings are always
poured out on the Prophet Muhammad. Thanks to His abundance and mercy
the author was able to complete the task of this paper well.
In the preparation of this paper, there are not a few obstacles that I faced.
the author realizes that the fluency in the preparation of this paper is nothing
and thanking is to the help, encouragement, and guidance of lecturers,
friends, and parents, so that the obstacles that I face can be overcome.
Hopefully this paper can provide broader insights and contribute to the
thoughts of the reader. The author is aware that this paper is still lacking and
far from perfect. Critical constructive suggestions and suggestions from the
reader, I hope.

PANGKEP 21th APRIL 2020

The Writer
 Table List Of Content

PREFACE
TABLE LIST OF CONTENT
CHAPTER 1 FOREWORD
A. BACKGROUND
B. FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM
C. DESTINATION
CHAPTER 2 CONTENTS
A. THE DEFINITION OF A CIRCLE
B. CIRCLE ELEMENTS
C. THE CIRCUMFERENCE AND AREA OF THE CIRCLE
D. THE GENERAL EQUATION FOR A CIRCLE
CHAPTER 3

A. CONCLUTION
 CHAPTER 1
FOREWORD

A. BACKGROUND

The things that made me take this material Because from some of
my friends are only taking materials on mathematics that they dont
know on how to get the formula through a proof by an easily
understood concept. So that it is to motivate me to take easier a
material by a perfect concept than othermaterials .This material is also
very clearly how the formula is actually of in the formula of circle itself
and is to make easier for students to understand the circle without
memorizing the formula. Thenfrom it is related thorughillustrating of
related parts like circumference, radius, and others in getting the area of
circle. .
Understanding of friends is definitely this material which is always
being basic in solving problems of circle itself.
So this material is easy to be understood. Then from it was the
friends of the understanding will be the material taking this and my
purpose is to bring materials definitely by any friend that can be
achieved

B. FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM

The formulation of the problem in this paper, namely:
1. What is meant by a circle?
2. What are the elements of the circle?
3. the circumference and area of the circle?
4. The General Equation For A Circle
C. DESTINATION
The purposes of this paper are:
This paper is made so that we understand better about the material Circles
 CHAPTER 2
CONTENTS

A. THE DEFINITION OF A CIRCLE

A circle is a simple closed shape. It is the set of all points in a plane in a

plane that are a given distance from a given point, the centre equivalently it
is the curve traced out by a point that moves so that is distance from a given
point is constant. The distance of any point is called radius. The following
below is a image and formula circle.

R = radius

According to the picture that the formula of circle is phi times radius.
The following below explaining on how to get its formula.

1. cut the circle into parts, then we can get a result as follows
2. Then, cut again.so we can get a result as follows

3.Then, cut again.so we can get a result as follows that is smaller than before

4. Then, cut again.Until we can not cut it again and we can get a result which is
like this
5. Then we will get a new shape and we can call it as a rectangle.Based on the
picture below we can view that area of rectangle is the same as area of circle
and is the same as base times height of circle

Now, we have known that an area of circle equals to base times height of a
rectangle.now, let’s look for formulas from both of them.
1. The formula of base

By changing the shape of the circumference of the circle into a line

divided into 2, namely broken and perfect line so we get the formula of
base.then another new questions arises, how to get the formula of
circumference.It can be obtained as below.

Now, we can insert its formula in getting thpe formula of base.

2. The formula of base

 We can see cutting the circle at the first step to get its formula.then we can
find out the formula of base which equals radius.

So now we can find out its formula as below

We can see cutting the circle at the first step to get its formula.then we can
find out the formula of base which equals radius.

So now we can find out its formula as below

B. CIRCLE ELEMENTS
Each shape has elements that build it up, including shapes that are
circular in shape. There are several papprts of a circle that are included in
the elements of a circle including the center point, The fingers
diameter, apothem, Bowstring, The arc of the circle, Net circle
tembereng.
1. Center Point Circle
The center of the circle is the point that is right in the middle of the
circle.
When you draw a circle using a compass, this point is used as a reference or
benchmark. An example is the point "O" on the circle above.
2. The fingers
The radius is the distance between the center of the circle and the point on
the curve of the circle. The radius of a circle is denoted by r or commonly
known as the radius.
For example in the circle above are the lines OA, OC, OC, OG, and OF.

3. Bowstring
A chord is a line that connects two points on an arc of a circle.
For example in the circle above is the line AD.

4. Diameter
The diameter is the string that passes through the center of the circle. The
length of the circle is equal to twice the radius of the circle.
You need to know that the diameter is the longest chord in a circle. For
example in the circle above is line AB.

5. Apothem
The apothem is the distance of the chord to the center of the circle. For
example in the circle above is the OE line.
 6. The arc of the circle
You know what a crossbow is. The shape of the bow actually comes from
the basic shape, namely the circular arc.
A circular arc is an arc that lies between two points on the arc of a circle..

The arc length of a circle can be determined using a ratio of the

circumference of the circle equal to the ratio of the arc angle to 360.
Consider the following explanation.

To calculate the arc of BC, the method is to use a formula

BC = α / 360 × Circumference of the Circl

7. Net circle

The circumference of a circle is the area bounded by two radii and an arc.

The area of a circle can be determined using a ratio of the area of the
circleTemberepng

8. Tembereng

Tembereng is an area that is in a circle bounded by a bowstring and a

circular arc.

The area of a slope can be determined by calculating the area of the radius
minus the area of the triangle formed by the two radii and the chord.

C. CIRCULAR AND CIRCLE AREA

 Circle Area Formula
 How to Calculate the Area of a Circle you can find by:

L = π.r.r

Information:

l: area of the circle

π: 22/7 or 3.14

r: radius of circle

 Circumference Formula

Whereas how to calculate the circumference of a circle is almost the same

as the formula for the area of a circle, here is the formula for the
circumference of a circle:

C = 2.π.r

Information :

k: circumference of the circle

π: 22/7 or 3.14

r: radius of circle

And the explanation of r is the radius of the circle that is usually present in
every problem that discusses the material above and π is definitely using the
number 3.14 or you can see the formula for finding the area of a circle clearly as
below.

D. The general equation for a circle

Inside the circle, there are some general equations such as the following:

x2 + y2+ Ax + By + C = 0

Judging from the above equation, it can be determined from the center point
and the radius, namely:
 1 2 1 2
Fingers r =
√ 4
A + B −C
4

Example :

Find the center and radius of the circle if the equation of the circle is:

a. x 2+ y 2−10 x−By−23=0
b. x 2+ y 2−10 y−24=0

Answer:

a. A = -10, B = B and C = -23

−1 1
(
Center of circle P = 2 A ,− 2 B =(5 ,−4) )
1 2 1 2
Circle radius R =
√ 4
A + B −C
4

1 1
=
√ 4
(−10)2 + B−23
4

= √ 25+16+23

= √ 64

=8

b. A = 0, B = -10 dan C = -24

−1 1
(
Center of circle P = 2 A ,− 2 B =(0,5) )
1 2 1 2
Circle radius R =
√
4
A + B −C
4

1 1
=
√ 4
2
(0¿ ¿2)+ (−10 ) +24 ¿
4

= √ 0+25+24
 = √ 49

=7

The center of the circle is:

Pusat ( −12 A− 12 B )
 At Center P (a, b) and Radius r

Equation of the circle center p (a, b) and radius r

From a circle, if you know the center point and radius, you will be able to
use the following equation or formula:p

( x−a ¿ 2+ ( y −b ) 2=r 2

If you know the center point of a circle and the radius of the circle, which (a,
b) is the center point and r ips the radius of the circle.

From the equation or formula above, we can determine whether including a

point is located on the circle or is inside or outside.

In order to determine the location of the point, using point substitution for
the x and y variables then thppe results are compared using the square of the
radius of the circle.

a point M (x1, y1) which lies:pppp

In the circle → (x1 - a) 2 + (y2 - b) pp2 = r2

Inside the circle → (x1 - a) 2 + (y2 - bpppp) 2 <r2

Outside the circle → (x1 - a) 2 + (y2 - b) 2> r2

Example:

1. Find the equation of the circle with center M (5,2) and radius 4

answer :

( x−5)2 +( y −2)2 =4 2

x 2−10 x+ 25+ y 2−4 y+ 4=16

x 2+ y 2−10 x−4 y+25+ 4−16=0

x 2+ y 2−10 x−4 y+13=0

2. Determine the center and radius of the circle if you know the circle
equation:

x 2+ y 2−10 x−4 y pppp+71=0

answer:

x 2+ y 2−10 x−4 y=71=0

x 2−10 x+5 2+ y 2−4 y+2 2−52−22=71

( x−5)2 +( y −2)2 =71+ 25+4

( x−5 )2 + ( y−2 )2=100

So, the center of the circle (5,2) and the radius of the circle are 10

 At with Center O (0,0) and Radius r

If the center point is at O (0,0), then you can substitute d for the previous
part, namely:

(x – 0)2 + (y – 0)2 = r  2→ x2 + y2  = r2

From the equation or formula above, we can determine the location of a
point on the circle.

a point M (x1, y1) which lies:

On the circle → x12 + y12 = r2

Inside the circle → x12 + y12 <r2

Outside the circle → x12 + y12> r2

The general form of the equation can be stated in several forms as follows:

(x - a) 2 + (y - b) 2 = r2, or

X2 + y2 - 2ax - 2by + a2 + b2 - r2 = 0, or

X2 + y2 + P + Qy + S = 0, where P = -2a, Q = -2b, and S = a2 + b2 - r2.

Example:

1. Find the equation of the circle with center O (0,0) with radius
a. 5
b. 10
c. 8

answer:

a. x 2+ y 2=25
b. x 2+ y 2=100
c. x 2+ y 2=64

2. Determine the radius of the circle if you know the equation:

a. x 2+ y 2=12
b. x 2+ y 2=49

answer:

a. r =√12 = 2 √ 3
b. r =√ 49 = 7

CHAPTER 3
A. CONCLUTION
Circle is another form of two-dimensional geometry which has
materials that can be related to other forms of two-dimensional
geometry.for example the circumference of circle having a relationship
with a base from a rectangle.
The area of circle can be determined by using a formula from a rectangle
connected components between one another to get a formula from a
circle. Maybe there are many steps to get the formula better than this
step. This material, which can be easy to you,learn about mathematics
.hopefully this material what ihave given can understand by friends in
getting increasing knowledge of mathematics.