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    Toan 12-1718-Cd7-Toa Do Oxyz - P1

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    Toan 12-1718-Cd7-Toa Do Oxyz - P1

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    TOAN 12-1718-CD7-TOA DO OXYZ - P1

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    Toan 12-1718-Cd7-Toa Do Oxyz - P1

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    Nghia Tran

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Chai dé PHU‘ONG PHAP TOA DO TRONG KHONG GIAN PHAN 1. TY HOC vAn dé 1. HE TOA DO TRONG KHONG GIAN 1. He ruc toa db aye: Truc hoanh: Ox. Truc tung: Oy. Truc cao: Oz ( > (0: * Me(Oxz) > y=0 > M(x;0;z) + Mex = M( * MeOQy * MeOz @ AB=(x,-x, @ M latrung diém cua doan thing AB X4+%p at Va Z4t25 xy = 3 we Zu 2 2 2 © G latrong tim cia AABC xy +xy+ © Diém M chia doan AB theo ti sé k(k #1): MA Ky File word lign hé: toanhoebactrungnam@gmail.com MS: HH12-C3 TAI LIEU HOC TAP TOAN 12 - PHUONG PHAP TOA BO TRONG KHONG GIAN 2 3. Veoto' bang nhau. Tea a6-ciia vecto' tong, vecto' higu: Cho @=(a,3a,:4,) va b =(b,35,30,) =(a,-b 34, ba, —-b,) © mand =(ma, nb ;ma, *nby:ma, +nby) [b]cos( a,b) = ah, + abs + lai +a; +a? 5. Tich cé-hutting ciia hat vecto 0 [as]-an8-(l A Js Bl) lor-atsnt -absa0—08) allo, alla a, @ [aé]--[é.a] © [as] .a wl © @ cing phuong 5 <>[ 4,5] =0<9 “= rm (néu 8,b,b, #0) © a,b, c dong phing e[ab}e © A, B.C thing hing <= 4B cing phuong AC <>[ 4B, AC | © A, B,C, D dang phing | 4B, 4c] AD =0 3. Ung dung tich o¢ tucéing cite hai vecto’ en tich tam gid =1aBae © Dien tich tam gide: Sige 51 48.4C] @ Thétich khdihOp: Vise. rwew = (48. 2D] © Thétich khditirdién: Myycy = sl AC ] AD | File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 GV. TRAN QUOC NGHIA - suu tém va bién tap 3 _ [Dang 4. CACPHEP TOAN TREN VECTO] mOOOOOR A-PHUONG PHAP GIAI TOAN ay34,3ds) Va bysbyb,) 1. Téng va higu hai vécto: ma +nb =(ma, + nba, + nby;ma, +nb,) ! 3. Tich cé hudng cia hai vecto: [a5] =anb -| 2. Tich v6 hung cia hai veeto: ab = {al [b|cos( a,b) = ab, +ayb, +ab, las a, Ib, la, a, by la ay nb, 5 4 4. Tich hin tgp ciia ba véeto: [4,5] Chit ¥: Cho A( © ABH (%p-xG.95— ® Vécto don vj trén true Ox la 7 © Vécto don vj trén truc Oy la 7(0;1;0) @ Vécto don vi trén truc Oz 1 £(0;0;1) © a=(a, Jodaal +a tale B-BAI TAP VAN DUNG vp 1. cho ba véeto G=-i+2k , b=2i-j, @=7-j+2k @ Tim toa d6 vecto ¥ thea ¥=4a-25 438 © Tim toa d9 véeto i =[4, 5]. © Tinh bigu thite P=(a+25)é @ Tinh bigu thie O=[5, é).a . File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 TAILIEU HOC TAP TOAN 12 - PHUONG PHAP TOA BO TRONG KHONG GIAN » cho bin diém A, B, C, D théa: 74+7-2k , OB=-j+2k , OC =27-27+k, OD=-1+3k @ Tim toa dé vecto ¥ thoa ¥=34B-2CD . © Tinh biéu thie P= (8C+ 24D) AD © Tim toa d6 vécto ii AB, ac). @ Tinh bidu thite o=[ 4B C-BAI TAP TU LUAN Bali. Bai2. Bai3. Bai 4. Trong khong gian Oxyz , cho ba vécto (3; 1; 1), B(-I; 2; 3), C(-2; 3; 2). @ Tim toa d6 diém M trén truce Ox sao cho AM.BC © Tim toa d6 diém D trén true Oy sao cho Trong khéng gian Oxyz , cho ba vécto G =(2; -1; 3), = (3; 2;-4). Tim toa d6 véctu @ déng thoi thoa ba diéu kign Trong khéng gian Oxyz, cho ba vecto G =(-2:1;0), 6 = 33:-2) va €=(2;4; 3). Timtoa 9 cia vecto: © p=-24+2-@ —® d= ja+2b-32 DS: a) p= (450; 7); b) @=(-2:1/2;-17/2) Trong khong gian Ox @ cho vecto G=(2; -3 © cho vecto G=(3 ;-5; 6) c6 diém dau A(0; 6; 2). Tim toa dd diém cudi B Os: a) A(-1:2:3) 5) B(3:1:8) 1) c6 diém ngon B(1;-1; 2). Tim toa d6 diém géc A. File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 GV. TRAN QUOC NGHIA - suu tém va bién tap 5 — [Bang 2.QUANHEGIUACACVECTO | mOOOOOR A-PHUONG PHAP GIAI TOAN iiaysas) va b =(bj ‘al vécto ouéng gée “Tam gic ABC vuéng tai A <> AB L AC d1AB d Lac 3b) “ Purding thing d | (ane) =f ‘Hai vécte cit “% A, B,C thing hing <> AB cing phuong AC A,B,C liba dinh cia mét tam gide <> A, B,C khéng thing hang <> AB khéng cing phong AC <> [ 4B, AC ]#0 © Haitrong 3 tie 4, e = Khéc nhau (néu b, #0, b, #0, b, #0) “ABCD lahinh thang cé hai day AB vi CD © AB cing phuong DC ‘Hat vécte bing nhaw [rma, = nb, “ABCD lahinh binh hanh <= i Gée giita hai vécto “© Gée A ciia tam giie ABC cho bai cong thite cos A ‘Ba véete déng phiing|a, 5 , @ ddng phing @[a,5]2=0 *% A,B,C, D lap thanh mét tirdign = <> A, B, C, D khong ding phing =| AB,AC|.4D +0 * A,B,C, D lap think mgt tirgite = A, B, C, D ding phing <= [4B,AC]. aD =0 ts Chi y: ® Mc Ox M(x; 0; 0) ® McOxy = M(x; y;0) © McOy=M(0; y; 0) @ MeOyz > M(0; © Mc0z = M(0; 0; z) © McOxz = M(x; 0; File word lign hg: toanhoebactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 TAILIEU HOC TAP TOAN 12 - PHUONG PHAP TOA BO TRONG KHONG GIAN 6 B-BAI TAP VAN DUNG VD3. — Trong khong gian Oxyz, cho hai diém 4(3;1;-2), B(—1; 2; 1). Tim toa do sao cho tam gide ABC vudng tai A VD4. —Trong khéng gian Oxyz, cho hai dim A(2; 3; 2), B(-1; 2; 4). Tim toa d6 giao diém M cia dudng thing AB véi mit phiing Oxy. VD5. — Trong khdng gian Oxyz, cho ba dim A(I; 3-2), B(-I; 1; 4), C(3; 41). Tim toa d6 dim D sao cho ABCD Ia hinh binh hanh. YD6. — Trong khéng gian Oxyz, cho tam giée ABC biét A(2;1;1), B(Is1;-1) va C(4; 2; 2). Tinh, géc A trong tam gide ABC. VD 7. Trong khéng gian Oxyz , cho bén diém A(1; 2;-2), B(-k 1: 3), C(2: 4; 1) va D(-3; 3: -1) ‘Chimg minh ABCD 1a mét tir dign. File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 GV. TRAN QUOC NGHIA - suu t4m va bién tap 7 VD 8. — Cho ba vecto 4=(-2; 3:1), 5 ® Chimg té ring ba vecto @, b , @ khong déng phing. © Phan tich vecto d= (3; — ; 1) theo ba vecto Gb, & VD 9. BG badiém A(1;3:1), B(0;1;2), C(0;0;1) 06 thang hang khong? VD 10. — Xét syr dng phing ciia cae vecto & C-BAI TAP TU LUAN BaiS. — Tiong khong gian Oxyz , cho hai dig A(1, 1, —5), B(2,-1, 1). Tim tya dd sao cho tam giic MAB vudng tai. M .. iim M én Oy Bai 6. — Trong khong gian Oxyz cho bén diém A(2; 1; -3), B(I; -2: 1), C(3: 4; 2) va 1(-1; 2; -2). Tim toa d6 diém M trén mat phing Oxy sao dudng thing JM vudng géc vi mat phing (4Bc) Bai7. — Trong khéng gian Oxyz, cho hai diém A(I; 3), B(3;-2;1). Tim toa d6 giao digém M celia duéng thing AB véi mat phing Ox. File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 TAILIEU HOC TAP TOAN 12 - PHUONG PHAP TOA BO TRONG KHONG GIAN 8 Bai 8. Bai 9. Bai 10, Baill Bai 12. Bai 13. Bai 14, Bai 15, Bai 16. Bail7. Bai 18. Bai 19, Bai 20. Bai 21. Trong khéng gian Oxyz, cho ba diém 4(4;-1; 5), B(I;-2; 3), C(2; 3; 1). Chimg minh ba diém A, B, C lip thanh m6t tam gidc. Tim toa d6 digm D trén mat phiing Oyz sao cho ABCD 1a hinh thang c6 hai dy 1a AB va CD. Trong khéng gian Oxyz, cho bon diém (0; 0;1), B(1; 4:0), C(0;15;1) va D(-2; 7; 3) Chimg minh ABCD 1 hinh thang. Trong khong gian Oxyz,, cho ba dim A(2;1;1), B(I; 3; -2), C(3; 8:4). Tim toa D sao cho ABCD li hinh tha vudng tai A va D. Trong khéng gian Oxyz,, cho ba diém (I; 2;-3), B(-2;151), C(I ; 2). Tim toa 49 digm D sao cho AD =2BC Trong khong gian Oxyz, cho ba dim (3; 4; -1), B(-2;3; 5), C(I; 2; 3). Tim toa d6 diém D sao cho tit giéc ABCD c6 cic dudng chéo cit nhau tai trung diém cua mdi dudng. Trong khdng gian Oxy: trung diém M cia doan BC, biét dinh A(2; 1; 3). + cho cho tam giée ABC 6 G(3;-1; 2) 1a trong tm. Tim toa do Trong khdng gian Oxyz , cho tam gidc ABC biét A(1;-2; 2), B(-5; 6; 4), C(0; 1; =2). Tim toa d6 chan dudmg phan gic trong ké tir A ciia tam gie ABC. Trong khéng gian Oxyz, cho hinh chép S.ABC biét S(0; 0; 22), A(2; 0; 0), B(0;1; 0), C(-1: 0; V2). Tinh e6e gitta hai dudmg thing S4 va BC Trong khong gian Oxyz, cho tam gide ABC biét A(4; 0; 6), B(5;0; 4), C(5; 1:3). Tim toa 49 trye tim H cita tam giae ABC. Trong khéng gian Oxyz, cho A(1;2;3), B(1;2;-3), C(7:4;-2) © Tim toa d6 diém D sao cho: AC = BD © Tim ta dg diém E sao cho: CE =2EB Os: D(7;4;-8); £(3;8/3;-8/3) ‘Trong khong gian Oxyz , hay xac dinh toa d6 cua G, biét @ tha min déng théi cc diéu kign sau: GLB, GLE voi b =(3;-2:1), @=(22;5); a tao voi true Oz mot gdc ti va do dai a bing V3. Os: a -1) Trong khdng gian Oxyz, cho hinh hp ABCD.A'B'C'D' . @ Chimg minh ring AC’ +Cd'+2CC' = 0. © Cho A(I:0;1), B(2:1:2), C'(4;5:-S), D(Is-I:1). Tinh toa d cde dinh edn Iai, Os: €(2;0;2), '(3:3:-6), B'(4:6;-5), D’ (3:4;-6) B6 ba diém A, B, C nao sau day thing hang? © A(0;-2;5), B(3:4:4), C(2;2:1). © A(l-1;5), B(0;-1;6), C(3:-1:5) © A(I;2;4), B(2;5;0), C(0;1;5) @ A(Ish:1), B(-4;3;1), C(-9:551). Xét sy ding phing ciia cc vecto @, 6 , & trong méi trudng hgp sau: File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 GV. TRAN QUOC NGHIA - suru tm va bién tap 9 © G=(4,3; 4), B=(2;-1;2), €=(1; 21). © G=47 427 +5K, b=37 + 743K, C= 4K. © G=(-3;1; -2), B=(15151), @=(-2; 2:1) mOOO0OOa A-PHUONG PHAP GIAI TOAN Cho A(x39452,)+ B(%p3YeiZ~) Va C(Xe3¥e3Ze)- DO dai doan thang 4B : te Chi ft @ Mc Ox M(x; 0; 0) © Mew M(x; ¥; 0) © McOy SM (0; y; 0) @ McOyz 2 M(0; y; 2) @ Mc0z2 M(0;0;2 © Me Oxz > M(x; 0; 2) Chai ¥ 2: @ M cach déu hai diém 4 va B <> MA= MB © M cach déu ba diém 4, B va C <= MA=_MB=MC © M thuéc truc dudng tron ngoai tiép tam gic ABC <> MA= MB = MC @ M 1a tam mit cau ngai tigp tir dién_ ABCD <> MA= MB = MC = MD B-BAI TAP VAN DUNG VD IL. Trong khéng gian Oxyz, cho tam gide ABC biét A(3;4;-1), B(2:5:1) va C(-1;l;-2). Tinh chu vitam gide ABC YD 12, Trong khong gian Oxyz, cho bin diém (1;2;3), B(2s1;-2), C(-15-2:2) va D(3; @ Tim toa do diém M trén Ox sao cho M cach déu haidiém 4 va B © Tim toa d6 diém N trén Oyz sao cho N cach déu ba diém 4, B va C. © Tim toa d6 diém / sao cho I cach déu bin diém A, B, C va D. File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 TAILIEU HOC TAP TOAN 12 - PHUONG PHAP TOA BO TRONG KHONG GIAN 10 C-BAITAP TY LUAN Bai 22. Bai 23. Bai 24. Bai 25. Bai 26. Bai 27. 2.10 Trong khong gian Oxyz, cho ba digm 4(0;0;-3), B(2;0;-1), (22 Ching minh AABC la tam gide Trong khong gian Oxyz, cho ba diém A(1;-1;3), B(3;0;4), C(2:1;-1). Chimg minh AABC 14 tam gide vudng va tinh dign tieh va tinh dign tich. Trong khéng gian Oxyz , cho bén diém A(-1;2;3), B(2:3:-2), C(1;-2;2) va D(3;-1:1). @ Tim tga d6 diém M trén Oy sao cho tam gie ABM cn tai M @ Tim toa d6 giao diém N’ cia mat phiing Oxy véi truc cita dudng tron ngoai tiép AABC. © Tim toa d6 tam J cita mat cdu ngoai tigp hinh chop A.BCD . Trong khOng gian Ox @ Timtrén Oy diém céch déu hai diém A(3;1;0) va B(-2;4;1) m cach déu ba diém (15151), B(-1;1;0), C(3:1;—1) DS; a) (0;11/6; 0) b) (5/6; 0;-7/6) © Timtrén (Ox Trong khéng gian Oxyz © Tim toa 6 diém M ¢ Or sao cho M cach déu hai diém A(1;2;3) va B(-3:-3;2). © Cho ba diém A(2;0;4), B(4;V3;5) va C(sin 5¢;cos3¢;sin3¢). Tim ¢ 48 AB vudng géc voi OC (O a goc toa 46). DS: a) M(-1;0;0) 6) t= Rok hvt Eke (keZ) Trong khdng gian Oxyz , cho ba diém A(I;2;1), B(5;3:4), C(8:-3:2). © Ching minh tam giée ABC vudng, Tinh dign tich AABC © Tim tga d6 diém D 1a chan dudng phan gic trong cua géc B File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail.com MS: HH12-C3 GV. TRAN QUOC NGHIA - suu tém va bién tap n © Tinh bin kinh dudng tron n6i tiép AABC. (oa 14-3V26 12 ra 7+V26” 7+26 "7+ 26 DS: a) vudng tai B, S= pee 20s 26 +5N3+7 mOOOOOR A-PHUONG PHAP GIAI TOAN Xy+Xy © M latrung diém cia dogn thing AB: x, @ Cho 4, B, C lacde dinh cia AABC: a) G la trong tm cia AABC OG =1(0i+ OBOE AH 1 BC b) # latryctamctia AABC <4 BH 1 AC ii | AB. AC |= . At LBC ¢) 4! la chin dudng cao ciia AABC =)" BA =kBC ean 4 ed p48 ze 4) D la chan duimg phan gide trong cia 4 cha AABC: <> EB =“ EC. e) E lachin dudng phan gide ngoai cia 4 cia AABC: <> DB -4 De. f) 7 li tam dudng tron ngitiép AABC © aJA+bIB+cIC =0 (ding cho trac nghiém). @Cho 4, B,C, D licdc dinh cia tir dién ABCD: Xythy ttt ay x 4 a) G la trong tim eta tir dign ABCD 4 y, = ee 2c 425 4 AH LBC b) H lihinh chiéu cua 4 trén (BCD): <>) BH 1 BD Bri{ BC,BD|=0 B- BAI TAP VAN DUNG VD 13. Trong kh6ng gian Oxyz , cho tam giée ABC biét A(1;2;-1), B(2:4;1) va C(0;2;-3). Tinh do dai duéng trung tuyén vé tir A ctia tam gic ABC. File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 TAILIEU HOC TAP TOAN 12 - PHUONG PHAP TOA BO TRONG KHONG GIAN 12 VD 14. Trong khdng gian Oxyz, cho tam gide ABC biét 4(4:0,-1), B(2;4;3) vi C(0;2;-3). Tim toa dé diém C, biét G(2; 3) trong tim eiia tam gife ABC VD 15. Trong khong gian Oxyz cho tam gide ABC biét A(1;0;2), B(-2:1;3) va C(7:2:4). © Tim tga d6 trong tim G cia AABC. © Tim toa dO trye tim H cia AABC. © Tim tga do trong tam G, cia tir dig ABCD, trong 46 D(6 File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 GV. TRAN QUOC NGHIA - suu tém va bién tap B VD 16. Trong khdng gian Oxyz , cho bao diém A(0;2;2) , a(2:-12) va C(4:-1;2) @ Chimg minh 4, B, C khéng thang hing. ® Tim toa d6 hinh chin M" cia M(25;:3) trén AC @ Tim toa do chaN during phan gide trong ciia goe A cia AABC C-BAI TAP TU LUAN Bai 28. Bai 29. Bai 30. Bai 31. Trong kh6ng gian Oxyz , cho ba diém A(2;1-1), B(2;5;1), C(6:1:1). Chimg minh AABC la tam gide cn va tinh dign tich tam gide ABC. Trong khéng gian Oxyz, cho hai diém A(3;-I;1), B(-2;4;5). Tim toa dé diém C déi ximg qua B. Trong khéng gian Oxyz, cho ba diém A(1;3~1), B(-1;2;2), C(4:1:3). Tim toa d6 digém D sao cho ABCD 1i hinh binh hanb. Khi dé tim toa d6 giao digm J ciia AC, BD. Trong khéng gian Oxyz, cho tam gide ABC 6 trong tim G nim trén tryc Oz va AG=3 Tim toa d6 diém C, biét 4(1;2;0), B(2;3:1). File word lién hg: toanhoebaetrungnam@gmail.com MS: HH12-C3 TAILIEU HOC TAP TOAN 12 - PHUONG PHAP TOA BO TRONG KHONG GIAN 4 Bai 32. Trong khéng gian Oxyz , cho bén diém A(1;-1;0), B(2;251), C(13;3;4) va D(Is1s1) © Chimg minh A, B, C, D lca ic dinh ciia mot tir dign, © Tim tga d6 diém E 1a chin dudng phan gide ngoai cia @ ciia AABC © Tim toa do chan dudmg cao H vé tir D cia tir mOOOOOR A-PHUONG PHAP GIAI TOAN @ Digntich tam gidée: — Syaye =5 [8.20] @ Thétich khdihop: Viney ave - [4 4D | Aa @ Thé tich khdi tér dign: Vigep =i[aea 4B | B-BAI TAP VAN DUNG VD 17. Trong khéng gian Oxyz, cho tam giae ABC biét A(2;3:-2), B(0;1:1) va C(1:2:-3). Tinh dign tich tam gic ABC. VD 18. Trong khong gian Oxyz , cho hinh hop ABCD.4'B'C'D' véi A(2;0;2), B( va C'(8;10;-10) © Tim toa dd :2:4), D(2;-2:2) fc dinh c6n Iai ci inh hop ABCD.A'B'C'D' © Tinh thé tich cua hinh h6p ni trén. C-BAITAP TU LUAN Bai 33. Trong khéng gian Oxyz, cho tam gidc ABC biét A(1;2: Khoang cach tir A dén dung thing BC. 1), B(-1:150) va C(, 1). Tinh, File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 GV. TRAN QUOC NGHIA - suu tém va bién tap 5 Bai 34. Trong khdng gian Oxyz, cho tir dign ABCD biét A(-1;;-1), B(0;2;1), C(I-13), D(2;3;0). Tinh khoang cach tir 4 dén mat phing (BCD) RAI AS.Trong khing gian Oye, cho hin diém A(I;2s1), R(—I 1:2), C(-1s1:0) va D(2;-1;-7) @ Chimg minh ring 4, B, C, D li bén dinh cia mét tir dign va tich thé tich tur dign 46, © Tinh d6 dai dudng cao ciia tir dign ABCD xuat phat tir dinh 4. Van dé 2. PHU’O'(NG TRINH MAT PHANG 1. Vecto php tuyén cia mat phiing. © Vecto +0 duge goi la vecto phap tuyén (VTPT) cia mat phing (a) néu gid ciia né vuéng géc voi (a). A a khong cing phuong véi_nhau) © Néu hai vecto G=(a,3a,;4,), b=(b3b,:b,) (khic 6 khéng cing phuong véi vecto 7i va gid cia vecto G, b song song hoic ) Cz+D=0) P +B? +C? #0); (a) c6 VIPT la #=(4;B;C) © Mat phing di qua diém M(x,;y,3z)) voi VTPT fi =(A:B;C) c6 dang: a,b go 18 cp vecto chi phuong cua («). as}-( ‘© Phuong trinh tng quét cua mat phing: |(a): Ax+ By la, a bs B, la, a, af Khi d6 (ce) c6 mgt VIPT la b, (voi |A(x=%)+B(y— yy) +C(2 © Mat phang di qua ba diém 4(a;0;0) ¢ Ox, B(0;b;0) Oy va C(0;0;¢ qua goc toa do (phwong trinh theo doan chan) co dang: (vor abc#0 ) © Cae truimg hop dic big ; + Art By+Co=0 (a) di qua géctoa dd, + Axt+By+D=0 (a)i/ Oz + * Art+By=0 — (a)>0z . + Ar+D=0 (a) (Or: Cae trudmg hop khie suy ra tong ty. dim trén (a) thi HOOOOOR A-PHUONG PHAP GIAI TOAN Mat phing (P) di qua diém M(xy;y)3z)) va cé mot VIPT 7 =(4;B;C) c6 phuong trinh ki |A(x~ x9) + B(y—9))+C(z-2) = 0 File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 TAI LIEU HOC TAP TOAN 12 - PHUONG PHAP TOA BO TRONG KHONG GIAN 16 |. Mat phing (P): Ax+By +Cz+D=0 6 mét véeto phip tuyén 1a . Dudng thing 22 =2—Yo. a ay tat }. Dudng thing yy +a,t qua diém N(x,;y93z)) va c6 mot VICP li d=(a,3 tat J. Trye Ox c6 mét vécto chi phurong 1a 7 =(1;0;0). . Truc Oy e6 mot véeto chi phurong la j= (01:0) 1. Truc Oz c6 mét vécto chi phurong la k =(0;0;1). 1. Mat phing Oxy c6 mét vécto phap tuyén la k =(0;0;1) 3. Mat phing Oyz co mot vécto phap tuyén la 7 =(1;0;0). ). Mat phing Oxz ¢6 mét véeto phap tuyén la j =(0;1;0) B-BAI TAP VAN DUNG VD 19. Trong khdng gian Oxyz , cho tam giie ABC biét A(1; 2; -3), B(3;1;-1) va C(-L,3;-2) Viét phuong trinh mat phing (P) di qua A va vudng géc vai duéng thing BC VD 21. Trong khéng gian Oxyz. Cho hai diém (2; ~1; 3), B(4;1; 1). Viét phuong trinh mat phing trung tryc ctia doan AB. vue File word lign hé: toanhocbactrungnamy@gmail.com gen BAY GV. TRAN QUOC NGHIA - suu tém va bién tap 7 VD 22. Trong khéng gian Oxyz. Viét phong trinh mat phing (P) di qua 4(2; 0;-1) va song song nat phng (()):x-2y+2z-8=0 C-BAI TAP TU LUAN 2. Cho tam gide ABC biét A(1; 6-1), B(-1:1; 0), C(3: phuong trinh mat phing di qua trong tam tam giie ABC Bai 37. Trong kh6ng gian Oxyz.. Cho hai diém A(-1; 3:1), B B. Viét phuong trinh mat phing di qua M va vudng géc Bai 36. Trong khdng gian Os vudng géc véi during 1). Goi M la diém cach déu A va duéng thing AB Bai 38. Trong khong gian Oxyz. Viét phuong trinh mat phing di qua M (2; 3;—4) va vudng géc voi truc Ox. Bai 39. Trong khdng gian Oxyz.. Viét phuong trinh mat phing di qua A(1; -3; 2) vi song song voi mat phang Oxy HOOOOOR A-PHUONG PHAP GIAI TOAN Mat phing (P) di qua diém 1M (x,;y)32)) Vac mot VIPT 71=(4;B;C) co phuong trinh la A(x-%,)+B(y-1)+C(z-% > Chit: 1. Néu cé hai vécto @ va ¥ cling vudng géc voi vécto 7 thi chon 77 1 2. Mat phing (P): Ax + By +Cz+D=0 06 mét vécto php tuyén la A;B;C). File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 TAI LIEU HOC TAP TOAN 12 - PHUONG PHAP TOA BO TRONG KHONG GIAN 18 X=%y 272) 3. Dudng thing “—** =e di qua diém M(x33p3%) va e6 mot véeto chi 4 4 phuong ki a). tae 4, Duong thing +ay(teR) di qua diém M(13y,;2,) va e6 mot véeto chi phurong, B-BAI TAP VAN DUNG 1), BUI; VD 23. Trong khong gian Oxyz, cho ba diém A(2; 3; trinh mat phing (P) diqua 4, B, C. 3) va C(3;15 2). Viet phuong Ney ng (P) di qua A(1; 2;-1) va chia duéng VD 24, Trong khéng gian Oxyz, viét phuong trinh ma thing ¢:2=3_ 241 _ 242 Kirke / File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 GV. TRAN QUOC NGHIA - suu tém va bién tap 19 VD 26. Trong khéng gian Oxyz, viét phwong trinh mat phing (P) chia duéng thing xa2-¢ +2 (eR) va vung géc voi mat phiing (Q):x+ y+2z+1=0. i) Ro YD 27. Trong khéng gian Oxyz , viét phurong trinh mat phing (?) di qua diém M (3: g6c voi mat phing (a):3x-2y+22+7=0; (B):5x-4y+3z+1=0. VD 28. Fey ey Ly VD 29. Trong khéng gian Oxyz, viét phuong trinh mat phiing (P) di chira hai dudng thing song song yes 24d 3 1 File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 TAILIEU HOC TAP TOAN 12 - PHUONG PHAP TOA BO TRONG KHONG GIAN 20 YD 30. Trong khéng gian Oxyz, viét phuong trinh mat phing (P) qua diém M(I;1;2) va song song +3 ‘voi bai duég thing chéo nhan d, 24142 2273, 4, y3 : C-BAI TAP TU LUAN Bai 40. Trong khéng gian Oxyz , cho 3 diém A(1; 3; -1), B(-1; 0:1), C(2;-2; 2) phuong trinh mit phing di qua 4 va chita during thing BC Bai4i. Trong khong gian Oxyz,, cho hai diém (1; 2;1), B(2; ly -1). Viét phuong trinh mat phing di x=3-1 qua A, B va song song véi duong thing d:) y=2+2t(1eR). -t Bai 42. Trong khng gian Oxyz , cho hai diém (3; 1; 2), B(1;-1; 1). Viét phuong trinh mat phing di qua A, B va vudng géc véi mat phing (P):x-y+2+5=0. +2 Bai 43. Trong khéng gian Oxy , cho hai dung thing d, (reR) za3+t ‘Viét phurong trinh mat phang di qua A(I; 1; 2) va song song véi hai during thing d, va d,. Bai 44. Trong khong gian Oxyz, cho hai mat phing (P):x+2y—z=0, (Q):x+2=0. Viét phuong trinh mt phdng di qua A(-1; 1; 2) va vuéng géc voi hai duéng thang (?) va (Q) Bai4s. Trong khOng gian Oxyz, cho duimg thing ase = va mat phiing (P):x+y-2241=0. Viét phuong trinh m§t phiing di qua A(1;—1; 2), song song v6i duéng thing d va vudng géc voi mat phiing (P) xel-t Bai 46. Trong khong gian Oxyz, cho dudmg thing d:}y=2+r (feR). Viét phyong trinh mit z=-1+2 phing di qua (2; -1;1) va dudmg thing d. File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 GV. TRAN QUOC NGHIA - suu tém va bién tap 2 x=1-21 Bai 47. Trong khéng gian Oxyz , cho hai duéng thing ay Dune = va dy:jy=l+t (teR) z=2t Viét phuong trinh mit phing di qua dung thing d, va song song véi dudng thing d, Bai48. Trong khéng gian Oxnz, cho duong thing d 142¢ (eR) va mat phang z=-1-3¢ (P):x42y—744=0. Viét phirong trinh phing chita duémg thing d va vudng géc vii mit phing (P). HOOOOOR A-PHUONG PHAP GIAI TOAN Mat phing di qua ba diém A(a;0;0) Ox, B(0;b,0) € Oy va C(0;0;c) € Oz va khong di qua géc toa dd (phwong trinh theo doan chin) 6 dang: [2 +”. voi abe#0 ab R B-BAI TAP VAN DUNG VD 31. Trong khéng gian Oxyz, viet phuong trinh mat phing (P) cat ba truc toa dé tai A(2;0;0), B(0;-5;0), C(0;0;6) VD 32. Trong khéng gian Oxyz, kip phuong trinh mit phiing (P) di qua diém M(4;9;1) va eft tai Ox, Oy, Oz Kan hagt tai A, B, C sao cho: @ Thé tich tir dign OABC nho nhat. © Téng 04+0B+0C nho nhat File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 TAILIEU HOC TAP TOAN 12 - PHUONG PHAP TOA BO TRONG KHONG GIAN 22 C-BAI TAP TU LUAN gt phurong trinh mat phing (a) di qua diém M (1;2;4) va cit cée Bai 49. Trong khong gian On, true toa d6 Or, Oy, Oz lin knot tai A, B, C sao cho OA=OB =0C +0 Ds:(a,):x+ y+z2-7=0 (a, xty-z41=0 (a)):x-p+2-3=0 (a,):x-y-245=0 Bai 50. Trong khdng gian Oxyz , viét phuong trinh mat phing (o:) di qua diém M(9;1;1) va cat céc tryc toa dé Ox, Oy, Oz lan lugt tai A, B, C dong thoi théa mét trong cac diéu kién sau: © Thé tich tir dign OABC 6 gia tri nho nhat. ® Téng 04+ OB+OC nho nhit. cé gid tri nhé nit. Ds: a) x+9y+92—27=0; b)x+3y+3z—-15=0; 6) Ox+y+2-83=0 MmOODOOOR A-PHUONG PHAP GIAI TOAN Goi #=(A;B;C) la VTPT cua (P) Phuong trinh mat phing (P): A(x-x))+B(y—y))+C(z- Ding diéu kign khoang cach dé tim 4, B theo C. Chon mot gid tri ciia C tirdé suy ra A, B, suy ra phyong trinh (P) B-BAI TAP VAN DUNG VD 33. Trong khéng gian Oxyz, viét phong trinh mgt phing (P) qua A(0;0;3), B(2:-2;0) va khoang cach tir (P) dén M(-1:1;6) bang 1. File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 GV. TRAN QUOC NGHIA - suu tém va bién tap 2B VD 34. Trong khéng gian Oxyz , viét phwong trinh mat phing (P) qua 4(0;-3;1), B(4;0;2) va tiép (s): 10+ 61224610 File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 TAILIEU HOC TAP TOAN 12 - PHUONG PHAP TOA BO TRONG KHONG GIAN 24 C-BAI TAP TU LUAN Bai 51. Trong khéng gian Oxyz, viét phuong trinh mat phang (a) vudng géc voi hai mat phing (P):2x4y =3=0 va tiép xtc véi mat cdu (S) 6 phuong trinh (x-1) +9? +(2-3) Os:(R):2x-y+3z-4=0 (P):2x-y+32-25=0 Bal 52, Trong khong gian Oxyz, viét phuong trinh mat phing (a) vudng gdc voi hai mat phing (P):2x-3p 452-4 (Q):x+4y- =0 va cich déu hai diém M(2;3;-1), N(-2;1;2) DS:(P):26x-9y-11z+6=0 mOOOOOR A-PHUONG PHAP GIAI TOAN Goi #=(4:B;C) li VTPT cia (P) Phuong trinh mat phiing (P): A(x-x,,)+B(v-3 Cho (P) qua N ta duge mét phuong trinh véi an A, B,C. Tir phuong trinh nay hay biéu thj m6t an qua 2 an cén lai, chang han biéu thi C theo 4 va B. Tir digu kign v8 géc ta tinh cosin ciia géc di cho ta tim duge A theo B, chon Be 0=> A=?=9C=?= phuong trinh (P). B-BAI TAP VAN DUNG VD 35. Trong khong gian Oxyz, viét phuong trinh mat phing (P) qua A(0;2;0), B(0;0;1) va tao véi mit phing (Qyz) mét géc 60° C-BAI TAP TU LUAN File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 GV. TRAN QUOC NGHIA - suu tém va bién tap 25 ; tim phuong trinh mat phing (P) qua hai diém 4(0;0;1), B(1;0;0) 1 Bai 53. Trong khdng gian Oxy mat phing (Q):x+2y+2z-5=0 mét gc g voi cosp= 3 phuong trinh mgt phing di qua géc toa d6, vudng géc voi mat phing (a):5x-2y+5z-10=0 va hgp véi mit phiing ():x-4y—82+12=0 mét gée bing 45°. Bai 58. Trong khéng gian Oxyz,, tim phuong trinh mat phiing (P) chira true Oz va tao voi mat phing (a):2x+y—V5z=0 mot ge 60° Bai 56. Viét phuong trinh mat phing (/) chtta ruc Ox va tao voi mat phing (Q):2x+y-2z+3=0 mét géc bing 60°. BAi 57. Trong khong gian Oxyz , tim phuong trinh mit phiing (P) qua hai diém 4(1;0;0), B(2;0;0) vA tao voi mat phiing (Q):.+2y+2z-7=0 mot géc @ vi cosp Van dé 3. PHUONG TRINH DU'O'NG THANG 1. Vecto' chi phutong cia. duting thang. * Vecto #0 duge goi li vecto chi phuong (VTCP) cia duéng thing d néu gid cia nd cing phuong vai d © Néu hai vecto i =(u,;0,;:4), 7=(viv,;¥,) (Khde 0, 06 gid cing vudng goc voi d va khéng ciing phwong véi nhau) thi d 6 mét VICP la : ty d 4 A a 2. Phung trinh cia duting thang * Phuong trinh tham sé ciia duing thing + Dudng thing A di qua digm M(.x433432») 6 vecta chi phuong 4 =(4,;a,;4,), ¢6 phuong trinh tham 6 1a: (te R), (a? +a3 +42 40) + Ung véi mii gia tri ctia ¢ cho ta cdc gid tri tuong img la toa dé cua mét digm M thudc during thing. © Phuong trinh chinh tic cita duing thing Khir tham sé t tir phyong trinh tham sé ta duge phuong trinh chinh tac cia duéng thing A la: File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 TAI LIEU HOC TAP TOAN 12 - PHUONG PHAP TOA BO TRONG KHONG GIAN 26 (a,.4,.a, #0) Diém M(xsy €A © Toad M thoa hg phuong trinh: () (42 B:0, #4 2B,:G) A al) Ax+By+Cz+D,=0 AX+ By + C,z+D, =0 M6i nghiém cita hé (1) chinh 1a toa 46 cia mot diém nim trén A. 8S Ic, 4, Ax+Ryt C74), =0 Ayx+B,y+Cz+D;=0 mOOOOOa A-PHUONG PHAP GIAI TOAN BG +A c6 mot veeta chi phirong lis @=[7, phuong, [ Bc, Thuring ki higu dudng thing A { Dudng thang d di qua diém M(x,;¥%32)) vaed m6t VTCP d=(a,;a,;a,) 06 phuong trinh 1a © Dang chinh tic: XE x, tat] © Dang thamsé: |) y= y,+a,t| (teR) ay tat B-BAI TAP VAN DUNG VD 36. Trong khéng gian Oxyz, cho hai diém A(1; 3;-2), B(2; 1; 1). Viet phuong trinh tham sé, chinh tic ctia duéng thing d di qua haidiém A va B. digm M va vudng géc voi mat phing (P):3x-22+1=0. a MMS: HHI2-C3 ti, File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com GV. TRAN QUOC NGHIA - suu tém va bién tap 27 VD 38. Trong khong gian Oxyz, cho dim M (3; ~1; 2). Viét phuong trinh chinh tic eiia dudng thing 22-31 d diquadiém M va song song vai dutmg thing A: y=—3+1 (te R) 5 x C-BAI TAP TU LUAN Bai 58. Trong khéng gian Oxyz. cho tam giae ABC biét (I: 6:-1). B(- ABC. phuong trinh cdc duréng trung binh cia tam gis Bai 59. Trong khdng gian Oxyz, cho tam gic ABC biét A(I;3;1), B(l; 2; phuong trinh cae duéng trung tuyén vé tir A cia tam giée ABC. Bai 60. Trong Khéng gian Oxyz, cho hinh binh hinh ABCD biét A(—I;1;2), B(I;3;-1), C(-3; 1; 0). Viét phuong trinh dung chéo BD Bai 61. Trong khng gian Oxyz. Viét phuong trinh dung thing di qua géc ta d@ va vudng gée véi mat phing (P):3x-2y+z-S=0 Bai 62. Trong khong gian Oxyz . Viét phuong trinh durdng thing di qua diém M (2; 3; 1) va song song voi dutng thing d:2—3 2+! . 000008 A-PHUONG PHAP GIAI TOAN Dudng thing d di qua diém M(x,;y,32)) vacé mét VICP @=(a,;a,;a,) 66 phutong trinh la = = Dang chinh tic: File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 TAI LIEU HOC TAP TOAN 12 - PHUONG PHAP TOA BO TRONG KHONG GIAN 28 X= x, tah © Dangthamsé: |) y= y,+a,¢) (eR) r=a,tat »s Chit y: 1, Néu c6 hai véoto i va ¥ cling vudng géc véi vécto @ thi chon a 2. Mat phing (P): Ax + By +Cz+D=0 06 mét vécto phap tuyén li =% 3. Dutng thing di qua diém M(. va cé mét vécto chi a, phirang 1a a304:44) tat 4, Dudng thing +ayt(teR) di qua diém M(x,;y,32) va e6 mot véeter chi phurong, tat B-BAI TAP VAN DUNG YD 39. Trong khé Wg gian Oxyz, cho ba diém A(I; 2;-1), B(-I; 1; 3), C(3:1; 2). Viét phuong trinh dung thing d di qua diém M(3; -4;1) vav Ong gde voi mat phing (ABC). VD 40. Trong khéng gian Oxyz, cho hai mat phing (P) trinh duéng thing d di qua diém M (3; Aanvtey| xol_y+l_z-2 VD4i. Trong khong gian Oxyz, cho hai dung thing d,:— va y=l-3 y=4-r (¢eR). Viet phuong trinh dudng thing d di qua diém M(I; -2; 3) va vuéng 3 géc voi hai duéng thing d, va d, File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 GV. TRAN QUOC NGHIA - suu tém va bién tap VD42. Trong khong gian Oxyz, cho hai mit phing (P):x-3y+2z+1=0, (Q):x+y+2-2=0 Viét phuong trinh during thang d la giao tuyén cia hai mat phing (P) va (Q). xo2_y+l_ 2-3 1-12 (P):x-2y +22 =0. Viet phuong trinh duong thin d di qua diém M (1; =1; 1), vudng goe vor va mat phing VD 43. Trong khéng gian Oxyz, cho duéng thing A: dudng thing A va song song véi mat phing (7) . File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 TAILIEU HOC TAP TOAN 12 - PHUONG PHAP TOA BO TRONG KHONG GIAN 30 C-BAI TAP TU LUAN Bai 63. Trong khong gian Oxyz, cho tam gie ABC véi A(33;—1), B(-1;2;1), C(I; 1:0). Viet phuong trinh duéng thing di qua trong tim cua tam gide ABC va vudng géc v6i mat phing (4Bc) Bai64. Trong khong gian Oxyz, cho dumg thing a a ai A(2; 1; -1), B(I; 2; 1). Viét phuong trinh duéng thing di qua géc toa dé va vudng gée voi hai va hai diém durong thing d va AB Bai 65. Trong khéng gian Oxyz , cho hai mat phiing (P):3x-2y-z=0, (Q):2x—y+z+ . Viet phuong trinh dudng thing d di qua diém M(1; -1; 4) va song song véi giao tuyén Aciia hai mit phing (P) va (Q) Bai66. ‘Trong khéng gian Oxyz, cho duong thing d: (tei) va mat phing (P):x-y+324+4=0. Viét phuong trinh duéng thing di qua diém M (3; -4; 2), vudng g6c voi dudng thing d va song song véi mit phing (P). mOOOOOR A-PHUONG PHAP GIAI TOAN Gia sir can viet phuong trinh hinh chiéu d’ cia dug thing d trén mat phing (P) © Caeh I: © THI: di/(P) ¥ Chon mét diém M ed — v Tim hinh chiéu H ciia M len (P) Yd’ qua H va song song von d TH2: d cit (P) d Ptd : d Y Gidi he tim giao diém 4 ut Pt(P) ¥ Chon mot diém Med ¥ Tim hinh chiéu H cilia M len (P) Yd’ qadaval. “© Cfieh 2: Goi (Q) li mat phing chia d va d’. Taco (Q) 1 (P) nén mét vécto phap tuyén cita (Q) File word lign hg: toanhoebactrungnam@gmail.com MS: HH12-C3 GV. TRAN QUOC NGHIA - suu tém va bién tap 31 PLO) Pr(P) © Khi dé, d’ ld giao tuyén cua (P) va (Q) théa | Tir (*) suy ra phuong trinh cita a". Cach 3: Chon hai diém 4, B trén d. Timhinh chiéu 4’, B’ lin lugt cua Ava B trén (P). Khi 6, d’ qua A’ va BY B-BAI TAP VAN DUNG VD 44. Trong khéng gian Oxyz , cho mat phing (P):x-3y +2—4=0. Viét phuong trinh dung thing xrl_y-3_z-1 d' lihinh chiéu vudng géc cia dudng thing d trén mat phing (P). VD 45. z, viét phuong trinh duéng thing a’ 1a hinh chiéu vudng géc cia duéng. 2-5 trén mat phiing (Oyz) . File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 TAILIEU HOC TAP TOAN 12 - PHUONG PHAP TOA BO TRONG KHONG GIAN 32 C-BAI TAP TU LUAN Bai 67. Trong khéng gian voi hé toa 46 Oxyz, viét phuong trinh tham sé cua dung thing A 1a hinh xa24e chiéu vudng géc cla d —3+2r lin luot trén ede mat (Oxy), (Oyz), (Oxz) DS: c) {3 +hy \s2 =1+30} Bai 68. Trong khOng gian v6i hé toa 4} Oxyz, cho dung thing A a giao tuyén ciia 2 mat phing (a):2x+y 0, (B)ixtyte42 =0. Viét va mgt phing (P):4x—2y+z phuong trinh hinh chiéu vudng géc cla dudng thiing A trén mat phing (P) DS: Ay 000008 A-PHUONG PHAP GIAI TOAN © THI: dii(P) d Y Chon mot diém M ed ¥ Tim hinh chiéu M’ d6iximg cla M qua (P). Yd’ qua M’ vasong song véi d. Ma © TH2: dcit (P) Ptd : ut Y Giai hé tim giao diém A Pt(P) Y Chon m@t diém M ed ¥ Tim hinh chigu M’ déiximg cia M qua (P) Yd’ quadva M'. B-BAI TAP VAN DUNG VD 46, Trong khéng gian Oxyz, cho mt phing (P):2x+y+ =0. Viét phuong trinh duéng thang Si ximg cba duéng thing ¢:=—! trén mat phing (P) File word lign hé: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail.com MS: HH12-C3 GV. TRAN QUOC NGHIA - suu tém va bién tap 33 VD 47. Trong khéng gian Oxyz , cho mat phing (P):2x+ y+2z—1=0. Viét phuong trinh dudng thing d’ d6i ximg cia duimg thing ats Hil ‘trén mat phing (P). File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 TAILIEU HOC TAP TOAN 12 - PHUONG PHAP TOA BO TRONG KHONG GIAN C-BAI TAP TU LUAN Bai 69. Bai 70. x-12_ Trong khOng gian vdi hé toa d6 Oxyz , cho d Lap phwong trinh dl" déi ximg véi d qua (P). Trong khéng gian véi hé toa dj Oxz, cho d: Lap phuong trinh d’ d6i ximg voi d qua (P). va (P):3x+5y-z-2=0 va (P):x mOOOOOa A-PHUONG PHAP GIAI TOAN Cfich 1: © Vigt d vid’ dudi dang tham sé, * Goi M, N lan lugt la gioa diém cla A véi d va Suy ra Med => M(.sn5-)3 Ned’ => Ns MN ld _ [WN. © Tacd > MN 1d" © Gidi hg (1) ta tim duge ¢ va 1 Suy ra M,N. Tirdé kip phuong trinh eiia A qua M,N. Céch 2: Ald Aid * evi ] i mot VIVP cia A Viét phuong tinh mat phing (P) chita A va d. © Tim giao diém cia (P) voi d’ Khi do, A qua N va.cé VICP la B-BAI TAP VAN DUNG File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 GV. TRAN QUOC NGHIA - suu tém va bién tap 35 VD48. Trong khong gian Oxyz, cho hai dudng thing chéo nhau a3 d ~ Die) zB Viét phuong trinh during vudng géc chung cia ching. File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 TAILIEU HOC TAP TOAN 12 - PHUONG PHAP TOA BO TRONG KHONG GIAN C-BAI TAP TU LUAN Bai 71. Trong khéng gian Oxyz, cho hai duéng thing chéo nhau d, va d, chéo nhau. Tim phuong trinh dudng vudng gée chung iia d, va d, = van dé 4. TIM TOA DO GIAO DIEM CUA DUONG THANG VA MAT PHANG mOOOOOR A PHUONG PHAP CIAI TOAN Cho mphang (P): Ax+ By+Cz+D=0 va duéng thing d . Tim toa 9 diém M cia d va (P) © Néu phuong trinh d cé dang chinh ti aq Toa dé giao diém M 1A nghigm cia hé phuong trinh = = XOX a4 «a © Axt By+Cz+D=0 a Ax+ By+Cz+D=0 to taut Néu phuong trinh d c6 dang tham sé | y= y, +a, tat File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 GV. TRAN QUOC NGHIA - suu tém va bién tap 37 Toa dO giao diém M li nghigm cia hé phuong trinh ¥ Thé (1), (2) va (3) vao (4) détim r. ¥ Thé ¢ vao (1), (2) va (3) détim x, y, z B-BAI TAP VAN DUNG vp 49. Trong khéng gian Oxyz, cho mat phing (P):2x+y+2z+2=0 va hai dudmg thing 2-1 =l+t (teR). 41 @ Tim toa d6 giao diém 4 ciia during thing d, va mit phing (P) © Tim toa d6 giao diém B cia duéng thing d, va mit phing (P). © Viét phuong trinh dung thing A di qua haidiém 4 va B. Vb50. Trong khong gian Oxyz, cho mit phing (P):2x-y+z+1=0, duong thing pepe Tod @ Viet phuong trinh mat phing (Q) di qua diém M va song song véi mat phing (P). _ va dim M (2; 1; 0). © Tim toa dé giao diém A cia d va (Q). © Viét phuong trinh dung thing A di qua haidiém M va A File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail.com MS: HH12-C3 TAILIEU HOC TAP TOAN 12 - PHUONG PHAP TOA BO TRONG KHONG GIAN VD 51. Trong khéng gian Oxyz, cho diém M(0;1;3) va hai duong thing d,:}y=1-2r (teR), 2 @ Viet phuong trinh mat phing (P) di qua diém M va vudng géc voi duéng thing d, x43_yo5 1 © Tim toa 6 giao diém A ciia d, va (P). © Viét phuong trinh duéng thing A di qua haidiém M va A. File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail.com MS: HH12-C3 GV. TRAN QUOC NGHIA - suu tém va bién tap 39 VD 52, Trong khdng gian Oxyz, cho diém M(2; 1; 7) va dung thing a3 zea @ Viét phuong trinh mat phing (P) di qua diém M va vudng géc voi duong thing d. © Tim toa d6 giao diém A cia d va (P) phuong trinh dung thing A di qua hai diém M va 4. File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 TAILIEU HOC TAP TOAN 12 - PHUONG PHAP TOA BO TRONG KHONG GIAN 40 C-BAI TAP TU LUAN Bai 72. Trong khong gian Oxyz, cho mat phing (P):2x-y+2+3=0 va hai duong thing x=ltt 3 Viét phuong trinh duéng thang nim trong mat phing 1-3 (P) va cat ca hai during thiing d, va d,. Bai 73. Trong khong gian Oxyz, cho mat phing (P):3x-y+z+5=0 va duong thing Viét phuong trinh dudmg thing di qua diém Mf (1; 2; 2), song song véi mit phiing (P) va cdt dudng thing d 3-1 =1-2(reR), 3441 Bai 74, Trong khéng gian Oxyz, cho diém M(I; 2;10) vi hai duémg thing 4, x42 Vist phuong trinh dudng thang di qua diém M , cat dudng thing d, va vudn géc v6i dudng thing d,. xa2te Bai 75. Trong khéng gian Oxyz, cho diém M (2; 1; 7) va dung thing d:{ y=1-3¢. Viet phuong let trinh duong thing di qua diém M , vuén géc va cat duéng thing d. Van dé 5. HINH CHIEU VUONG GOC. DOI XUNG mOOOOOR A-PHUONG PHAP GIAI TOAN 1. Hinh chiéu ouéng géc H cia diém M trén mat phang (P): © Viet phuong trinh dudng thing d di qua M va vuéng M ‘g6¢ véi mat phing (P). © Hinh chiéu 7 1 giao diém cia d vi (P). A} 7 2» Ghi nho: “Viet duong qua diém va vung géc v6i mat”. 2. Hinh chiéu vuéng géc H cia diém M trén duing théing d: Céch © Viet phuong trinh mat phiing (P) di qua M va vuéng g6¢ voi dudng thing d + Hinh chiéu H la giao diém cua d va (P) % Ghi nhé: Cach 2: iét mat qua diém va vuéng géc véi dwong”. d xox) taf | © Chuyén d vé dang tham 86, gid sit d:{ y= y, tat 2=2,+af File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 GV. TRAN QUOC NGHIA - suu tém va bién tap Al © d diqua M( 4) vi eb mot VICP 4=(a,54,34,). © Goi H lahinh chiéu cia M trén dudng thing d Suy ra Hed H (x, +a, y, +a,ts2 +a) © Tinh MA © Vi MH Ld>MHG=0e1-..., thé 1 vio phuong trinh d tim toa d6 diém H 3. Tim diém déi vaiing 71’ cia diém 7 qua matt phiing (P): ¢ Timhinh chiéu H cia A trén (P) p= Wy —¥y © H latrung diém cua Ad 4 y 6 =2yy - 2y = 22, 4, Tim diém di wing 7’ cia diém fl qua duting thing a: © Timhinh chiéu H cia A ten d. Kp = Wy Hy © H latrung diém cia 4d’ >} y¢=2yy 24 =22y % Chi ¥: Cho diém M (xys7y5Z4)- Khi d Y Hinh chiéu vuéng géc H cia M trén mit phing Os la A (xys7y30) Y Hinh chiéu vudng gée H cia M trén mat phiing Oxz la H (xy;0;2,) Y Hinh chiéu vudng géc H ciia M trén mat phing Oyz la H (0;yy32y) ¥ Hinh chiéu vuéng goc H cia M tréntruc Ox la H(x,,30;0) Y Hinh chiéu vuéng goe H cua M tréntruc Oy la H(0;y,,;0) ¥ Hinh chiéu vuéng goe H cia M trén true Oz li H (0;0;2,,) B-BAI TAP VAN DUNG YD 53. Trong khéng gian Oxyz, cho diém M(1;—2; 8) va mat phing (P):x+3y-2+2=0. Tim hinh chiéu vuéng gée H cia diém M trén mat phing (P). File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 TAILIEU HOC TAP TOAN 12 - PHUONG PHAP TOA BO TRONG KHONG GIAN 42 x=-1+2f VD 54. Trong khéng gian Oxyz, cho diém M(-I; 5; 4) va duong thing d:{y=1+1 Tim hinh chiéu vudng géc H cia diém M trén dung thing d. VD 55. Trong khéng gian Oxyz,, tim toa d6 diém 4’ d6i xing véi diém (2; -1; 1) qua dung thing File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 GV. TRAN QUOC NGHIA - suu tém va bién tap 43 VD 56. Trong khong gian Ox (P):x42y-2-1-0 tim toa dé diém A’ déi ximg voi diém (1; -1; 0) qua mat phing C-BAI TAP TU LUAN Bai 76. Bai 77. Bai 78. Bai 79. Trong khong gian Oxyz , cho diém M(4;1; 3) va mat phing (P):3x+2y—z+3=0. Tim toa dg diém A trén iit phiing (1°) sao cho d6 dai doan MA ngin nhat. Trong khéng gian Oxyz, cho hinh chop S.ABC voi S(0;4;2), (2:13) B(3; (1; 2; 4). Tim toa d6 chan dudmg cao ve tit § cua hinh chép S.ABC. x42 Trong khéng gian Oxyz, cho diém M(1; 4; 4) va dudng thing a Tim toa d diém A trén dung thing d sao cho d9 dai MA ngin nhat. Trong khong gian Oxyz , cho tam gide ABC voi A(0; 1; 4), B(I; 7; -2), C(-3:-1; 2). Tim toa do chan duimg cao ve tir A cia tam gide ABC. File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 TAILIEU HQC TAP TOAN 12 - PHUONG PHAP TOA DQ TRONG KHONG GIAN 44 Trong khéng gian Oxyz, cho diém M(3;-2; 4). Goi 4, B, C lan Iuot la hinh chiéu vuéng i diqua A, B,C. g6c ctia M tren cae truc toa dd Ox, Oy, Oz. iét phuong trinh mat 3). Goi A, B, C lan uot la hinh chiéu vudng Oxz. Viét phurong trinh Bai 81. Trong khdng gian Oxyz, cho diém M (1; - géc cla M trén céc mat phing toa dd Oxy, O) A,B,C at phang di qua Bai 82. Trong khong gian Oxyz, cho diém (I; ~2; 0) va mat phing (P):x+y-z-1=0. Tim toa do diém B sao cho (P) 1a mat phing trung true ciia doan AB. File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 GV. TRAN QUOC NGHIA - suu tém va bién tap 45 Van dé 6. VI TRI TUO'NG DOI mOODOOOR A-PHUONG PHAP GIAI TOAN 1. Vitri tong déi cia hai mat phang. Cho hai mat phing: (a): Ax+By+C2+D, =0; (B):4,x+B,y+C,z+D, = © (a)L(B)=a 2. Vi tri ueong déi cia dubng thing va méit phéing. sae thing A qua M va cé vécto chi phuong a, Mat phing (P) cé véeto phap tuyén i, © A cit (P) A..F, #0 dy 1 Hp) © A song song (P) fee a Lin MeAMe(P) ich 2: Xét hé phuong trinh toa dé giao diém cua A va (P) (?) * A nim trong (P) >| HG c6 mot nghigm <> A cit © HG v6 nghigm <> A//(P) © Hgc6 vo 3. Vetri ueong déi cia hai dubng thdng yea tat Jo tagt qua M, 06 VICP ai, ighigm <> A=(P) Cho 2 dudng thing: d: it" qua N, 06 VICP a, Cach 1: @, cing phwong 4 Yd song song d’ e> 4s UNE PRUGRE Ge Med’ Y d tring d’ anaes ce {4a cling phuong 4, Med File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 TAI LIEU HOC TAP TOAN 12 - PHUONG PHAP TOA BO TRONG KHONG GIAN 46 G, khong cing phuong a, [@.a"] my =0 [4.4 Jaan +0 SO DO TOM TAT CAC BUOC [4.44] [nae dy tat =x, bait" + Clich 2: Xé hé phuong trinh: | y, +a,f= y, +a’ (*) ztait ¥ Hé co nghiém duy nhat <> d va d’ edt nhau ¥ HG v6 nghiém <> d va d' song song hoge chéo nhau Y Hé v6 sé nghiém <= d va d’ tring nhau Ab Linu §: Chi ste dung eich nay khi can xée djnh giao diém cia d vir d’ 4. Quan hé song song vd quan hé cuéng gée: * Quan hé song song ¥ (P) song song (2) fi, clung phutong fi, C61 diém Me(P) va Me(Q) 7 4, Liig, v A song song (P) ° . C61diém Me Ava Me(P) 4, cing phuong @, Y A, song song A, of fee une Céldiém MeA, va M eA, Quan hg vudng géc ¥ (P) wudng gc (2) Fi Lig) = 4,4, + BB, +C,C, =0 ¥ A vudng gée(P) — <4, cing phuong voi 7,,, VY A, wudnggée A, a, La, File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 GV. TRAN QUOC NGHIA - suu t4m va bién tap 47 B-BAI TAP VAN DUNG VDS7. Trong khong gian Oxz, cho hai mat phing (P):2x—my+3z-6+m=0, (Q):(m+3)x—2y +(Sm+1)2~10=0. Tim m 8 (P) vudng géc vai (Q) VD 58. Trong khong gian Oxyz, cho hai dung thing d, @ Chimng minh d, va d, cat nhau. © Vist phuong trinh mat phing (P) chita ca hai dudng thing d, va d,. VD 59. Trong khong gian Oxyz, cho hai dudng thing -2¢ ads z=1+2t © Ching minh d, va d, song song. © Viet phuong trinh mat phing (P) chita ca hai dung thing d, va d, File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 TAILIEU HOC TAP TOAN 12 - PHUONG PHAP TOA BO TRONG KHONG GIAN 48 VD 60. Trong khong gian Oxy, cho hai dudmg thing d, © Chimg minh d, va d, vudng goc nhung khéng cit nhau. © Viet phuong trinh mat phing (P) chira dudng thing d, va vudng géc voi d,. VD61. Trong khong gian Oyz, cho hai dudng thing —d,: 1+ mt y=5-2 (reR). Tim m dé t6n tai mot mat phing (P) chia dudng thing d, va 34(m=l)t vung géc véi d,. File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 GV. TRAN QUOC NGHIA - suu tém va bién tap 49 VD 62. Trong khéng gian Oxyz, cho duong thing d va mit phing (P) cé phwong trinh =0. Chimg minh d //(P). C-BAI TAP TU LUAN Bai 83. Bai 84. Bai 85. Bai 86. Trong khong gian Oxz, cho diém (1;-1;1) va hai dung thing a =% . d,:}y=1+1,. Chimg minh d, va 2-4 d, chéo nhau. Viét phurong trinh mat phang cach déu d, va d,. xtl_yol_ 2-2) x-2_ p42 2 3 eel 5 Chimg minh d, vi d, chéo nhau, Viét phuong trinh dudmg vudng gée chung eiia d, va d, Trong khéng gian Oxyz,, cho hai duéng thing d, : Trong khong gian Oxz, cho hai diém A(2;1;1), B(0;1;-3) va dudng thing Viét phuong trinh mat phing (P) di qua trung diém J cia AB va peor ‘wing géc voi AB. Goi K la giao diém cia duéng thang d va mat phing (P), chimg minh vudng gée véi IK. File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 TAILIEU HQC TAP TOAN 12 - PHUONG PHAP TOA BQ TRONG KHONG GIAN 50. Van dé 7. KHOANG CACH mOODOOOR A- PHUONG PHAP GIAI TOAN 1. thong cdich git hat dim |AB = (x, —x,) +(¥»-¥.) +E, 2. ‘Khodng ctich lie diém dén mét phaing: Cho diém M (x,;¥7432)) va mp (a): Ax+ By +Cz+D=0. Khi do: 8. Thodng céich tie diém M dén duting thing A: Cho diém M (x,;952) va during thing A qua N vi ed VICP a, Khi dé: d(M,A)= |. Khodng céich gia hai duting thing chéo nhau: Cho hai dung thing A qua M vicé VICP a,; A’ qua N vac VICP ay: . Whocing ich tie d dén (P) w6t d |} (P): * Chon Med tiyy © [a(a.(P))=4(™,(P)) ‘hoding cach git hai mat phiing (P) vd (Q) vét (P) |] (Q): © Chon M <(Q) thy y 4((Q).(P)=4(44(P) ”. Khodng cach gitta hai duting théing. d; vd do vot ds || de: © Chon Med, tiy y & [d(duds)=d( Mods) B-BAI TAP VAN DUNG VD 63. Trong khdng gian Oxyz, cho tit dién ABCD biét A(1; -1; 2), B(-2:1;-1), C(2-2:-1), D(3; 0:1) © Viet phuong trinh mat phing (BCD) © Tinh d6 dai dudng cao ké tir A cia tir dién ABCD File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 GV. TRAN QUOC NGHIA - suu tém va bién tap 51 : 3 mt va hai mat phing =0 va (Q):x+2y+z+2=0. Tim toa do diém M trén dung thing d sao VD 64. Trong khong gian Oxyz, cho dung thing d: (P):2x-y+2- cho M cach déu (P) va (Q). VD65. Trong khong gian Oxyz, cho dudng (P):x-3y+2z-1=0. Tim toa d6 diém M trén dong thing d sao cho khoang céch tit M dén (P) bing V14. File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 TAILIEU HOC TAP TOAN 12 - PHUONG PHAP TOA BO TRONG KHONG GIAN 52 VD 66. Trong khéng gian Oxz, cho dung thing d (P):2x-y+2z-2=0. Tim toa d6 diém M thuge d sao cho M cach déu géc toa do O va mat phiing (P). YD 67. Trong khong gian Oxyz, cho mat phing (P):2x—y+2z—1=0. Viet phuong trinh mat phing (Q) song song véi (P) va céch (P) m6t khoang bing 1. VD 68. Trong khong gian Oxyz, cho dudng thing ates en ‘va cach digém M mét doan bang 2. va diém M (I; 3; 2). Vidt phuong trinh mat phang (P) vuéng géc vi File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 GV. TRAN QUOC NGHIA - suu tém va bién tap 53 243) aa diém M (1; 2;1). Tinh Khoang cach tir M dén d vp 70. C-BAI TAP TU LUAN Bai 87. Trong khdng gian v6i hé toa dG Oxyz, cho hai diém A(2; 0; 1), B(O; -2; 3) va mat phing (P):2x-y-z+4=0. Tim toa dg diém M thude (P) sao cho MA= MB =3 y+ Bai 88. Trong khOng gian véi hé toa d} Oxyz, cho durdmg thing A: (P):xty+2-3=0. Goi I 1 giao diém ciia A va (P). Tim toa d6 diém M thuge (P) sao cho MI vudng géc voi A va MI =4V14 Bai 89. Trong khéng gian toa dd Oxyz, cho duong thing A: (P):x-2y+z=0. Goi C la giao digm cia A va (P), M la diém thuge A. Tinh khodng ich tit M dén (P), bist MC=V6 Bai 90. Trong khong gian toa d} Oxyz,, cho cdc diém A(I; 0; 0), B(0; b; 0), C(0; 0; c), trong a6 b, cc duong va mat phing (P): y-z+1=0. Xéc dinh b, c, biét mat phing (ABC) vudng goc véi mit phing (P) va khodng céch tir O dén mat phing (ABC) bing : File word lién hé: toanhocbactrungnam@ gmail.com ‘MS: HH12-C3 TAILIEU HOC TAP TOAN 12 - PHUONG PHAP TOA BO TRONG KHONG GIAN 54 Bai 91, Bal 92, Bai 93. Bai 94, Bai 95. Bai 96, Bai 97. Bai 98. x Zz =. Xée dinh toa do digm M Trong khong gian toa 4 Oxyz, cho dudng thing A: A trén truc hoanh sao cho khoang cach tir M dén A bing OM Trong khéng gian toa dQ Oxz, cho hai mat phing (P):x+y+z-3=0 va (O):x-y+z khoang cach tir O dén (R) bing 2. =0. Vit phuong trinh mat phing (R) vudng géc voi (P) va (Q) sao cho ft Trong khéng gian toa d Oxyz, cho hai dudng thing A, i} y Xéc dinh toa d6 diém M thuge A, sao cho khoang cach tir M dén A, bang 1. 0 va hai duéng Trong khéng gian véi hé toa dé Oxyz, cho mat phing (P):x-2y+2z thing 4, = 212-249 4, scl yo3_ etl 1 1 6 2 t 2 thing A, sao cho khodng cach tir M_dén dudng thing A, va khodng cdc tir M_dén mat phing (P) bing nhau, Xéc dinh toa d6 diém M thude duéng Trong khdng gian vii hé toa dé Oxyz, cho tir dign ABCD e6 cde dinh A(I; 2; 1), B(-2: 1:3), (2; -1;1) va D(0; 3; 1). Viét phuong trinh mat phiing (P) di qua A, B sao cho khodng cach tir C dén (P) bing khong cach tir D dén (P). Trong khong gian voi hé toa 4 Oxz, cho diém A(2;5;3) va duing thing ate =. vie phuong trinh mgt phing (ce) chia d sao cho khong cach tir 4 dén (a) 16n nhat, ps3 ae) (P):2x+y-22+9=0. Tim toa d6 diém J thuge d sao cho khoang cach tir J dén mat phing (P) bang 2 Trong khong gian voi hé toa dé Oxyz , cho dung thing d == va mat phing Trong khéng gian véi hé truc toa dé Décac vuéng gocOxyz. Cho hai digm A(2; 0; 0), B(0; 0; 8) va diém C sao cho AC =(0; 6; 0). Tinh khoang cach tir trung diém 7 cia BC dén duéng thing OA File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 GV. TRAN QUOC NGHIA - suu t4m va bién tap 55 Van dé 8. GOC mOOOOOR A-PHUONG PHAP GIAI TOAN 1. Géc git hai duting thing: Cho hai dudng thing A c6 VICP a,; A’ 6 VICP ay Cho hai duéng thing AB va CD Li: 2. Géc gitta hai mat phéng: Cho 2 mp (a): Ax+By+C.z+D, =0 e6 VIPT ld i, =(458;:C) (A): Ax+B,y+C,2+ D, =0 06 VIPT Ii fig) =(433By;C,) [4a t BB +OG) _| cl “| cos((a).(A) ia 3. Goc gia duting tding véc mat phiing: x) tat Jp tbt 06 VICP G, tet (a): Ax+ By +Cz+D=0 06 VIPT Ii fi, = Cho dung thing A:B;C) [ad +bB +eC| | Vester eB eC B-BAI TAP VAN DUNG L_y+2 VD 71. Trong khéng gian Oxyz, cho hai duéng thing d, 6c gitta d, va d,. VD 72. Trong khéng gian Oxy » cho hai mit phing (P):2x+y+2z—-5=0 va (Q):x+y-2=0 Tinh gée gitta (P) va (Q) hé: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail. TAILIEU HOC TAP TOAN 12 - PHUONG PHAP TOA BO TRONG KHONG GIAN 56 VD 73. Trong khéng gian Oxyz, cho hai duong thing as (P):x+y+=0. Tinh géc gitta d va (P). C-BAI TAP TU LUAN Bai 99, Bai 100. Bai 101. Bai 102. Tinh géc giita hai mit phaing sau: @ (a):4x+4y—22+7=0 va © (a):2x- © (a):V3x—v3y+v3242=0 va @ (a):x+2y+z-6=0 va 2243-0 va Dinh m dé hai mat phing: © (a): (m+2)x+2my—mz+5=0 vi (B):mx+(m—3)y+22—3=0 vudng gée voi nhau, © (a):mx—y-+mz+3=0va (B):(2m-+1)x+(m-1) y+(m=1)z-6=0 hop voi nhau mot géc bang 30°. © (a):me+2y+mz-12=0 va (B):x+my+z+7=0 hop voi nhau mét goc bing 45°. Tim géc tao boi dudng thing d va mat phing (a): (P):x+4y-224+7=0 Oo va (a):3x+y-24+1=0 @ d=(P)O(Q) va { +21 1431 vi (@):2x—y-+22 =0 va (a):x+y—242=0 ‘Tim géc tao béi hai duéng thing: xel42 0 [x=2-1 ® l+f va -14+3t 3441 4420 (P):x+2y-z2-1=0 (Q):2x+32-2=0 (P):2x-y+32- (Q):x+y+2=0 (P'):x-3y+2-2=0 © d=(P)(Q) wi (Q1):2x-y+z41=0 0 va d'=(P)0(2’) wa File word lien hg: joanhocbactrungnam(@gmail.com MS: HI2-C3 GV. TRAN QUOC NGHIA - suu t4m va bién tap 57 van dé 9. CU'C TRI HOOOOO A-PHUONG PHAP GIAI TOAN I. Bai todn tim diém thudc mat phang cé yéu t6 cyc tri ‘Bai todn I. Cho cac diém fl, B, C vd mat phiing (P). Tim diém M thuge (P) sao cho dl + OMB + c¥C| dat gid tri nhé nhdt Phuong phip gidi: © Tim diém J théa man hé thite @l/4+b1B + cIC © Phan tich a =(a+b+e) Mi +(ald+bIB+cIC)=(a+b+e)Mi Khid6 |i|=|a+b+e[MI =a, Mun <> M lihinh chiéu vudng gée cia J len (P) — Sir dung bai toan tim tga d6 hinh chiéu dé tim toa do cua M . Bai lodin 2. Cho cde diém 1, B, C vd méit phing (P). Tim diém M thuge (P) sao cho: a) T =aMl* + OMB + cMC? (a+b +c>0) dat GTNN. 6) T =aMd? +bMB +cMC’ (a+b+c<0) dat GTIN. Phuong phap gi © Tim diém I tha min hé thite a7d+b1B +cIC =0. © Phan tich 7 =(a+b+c) MP +(ald? +bIB? +cIC*) MA ald? + bIB? +cIC? khong déi nén: bMB* +cMC* dat gid tri nho nhét khi va chi khi MI? iho nhat, hay M i hinh chiéu cia J trén (P) ¥ Néu a+b+e<0 thi T=aMA° +bMB’ +cMC° dat gia tri 16n nit khi va chi khi MI? dat gid tri lon nat, hay M la hinh chiéu ciia J trén (P) Y Néu atb+e>0 thi T=aMe dat gid tr Khid6 Tyo. Trin <> Mla hinh chigu vudng gée cha 7 len (P). ‘Bai todn 3. Cho mat phang (P): fx + By +Cz+D=0 va ctic diém A1(x,:y,;2,), B(X,742:2,)- ‘Tun diém M thuge (P) sao cho (Mf UB), hode | MB Phuong phap gia a) MA+MB at gid tri nhé nhat: dinh vi tri tuong di ia cic digém A va B so véi mat phing (P) bing cach xét: P= (Ax, + By, + Cz, +D) (Ax, + By, +Cz, +D) * Néu P<0 thi 4 va B khac phia déi véi (P) khi dé diém M can tim la giao diém cia dung thing AB véi (P) © Néu P>0 thi 4 va B cing phia d6i voi (P). Khi dé ta tim diém M_nhur saw: Y Goi 4’ la diém déi ximg cia A qua mat phing (P) = MA = MA’. Y Tacé: MA+ MB = MA'+ MB > Ad’ (khong doi) Y Do dd min(MA+MB)= Ad’ dat duge < M = Ad'(P). File word lién hg: toanhoebactrungnam@gmail.com MS: HH12-C3 TAI LIEU HOC TAP TOAN 12 - PHUONG PHAP TOA BO TRONG KHONG GIAN 58 b) [MA ~MB| dat gid tr lon nhat: © Xéc dinh vi tri tuong déi cita cic diém A va B so véi mat phing (P) bing céch xét: P=(dx, + By, +Cz,+D)(Ax, + By, +Cz, + D) + Néu P>0 thi 4 va B cing phia déi voi (P) va AB khdng song song v6i (P). Ta e6: |Ma~_MB|< AB (khong déi). Do dé max|M4—MB|= AB <> M = ABO(P) * Néu P<0 thi 4 va B khic phia déi véi (P). Khi dé ta tim diém M_ nhw sau: Y Goi 4’ la diém déi ximg cia 4 qua mat phing (P) > M4= Ma’. Ta cé: |MA—MB|=|Ma'~ MB| < A’B (khong déi) Do dé max|MA— MB|= 4'B dat duge <> M = A'BO(P) Il. Bai todn tim diém thuéc dung thang co yéu t6 cuc tri Bai todn: Cho duting thing d va hai diém M(x,:y,:2,), N(x,sy,:z) khéng thube d. Tim diém 1 tuéc d sao cho 1M +1N nhé nhat. Phuong phap gi a) Truong hop 1: Duong thing MN va d ding phing: ‘© Néu MN khéng song song véi d thi / = MNAd © Néu MN //d thitatim diém J hur sau: Y Goi M’ la diém déi xitng cia M qua d, khidé IM — IM" Y Tacé: [M+ IN =1M'+IN > MIN (khéng d6i) Suy ra min(JM +N b) Truong hgp 2: Dong thing MN va d chéo nhau: © Néu MN Ld thitatimdiém J nhur sau: Y “Goi (P) la mat phing chita MN va vudng géc voi d tai K Khidé d.LKM, dL KN va KM+KN khong ddi. nla _ [IM>KM oo. + ¥ Wed, tac: => IM+ IN KM+KN (khong 46i) { IN> KN Suy ra min(/M + IN)=KM + KN dat duge = K PY hurong trinh tham sé va tim VTCP cia d. ¥ Xée dinh hinh chiéu vudng gée M" ciia M trén d va tinh dO dai doan thing MM’ ¥ Xée dinh hinh chiéu vudng gée N’ cha NV trén d va tinh d6 dai doan thing NV. ¥ Trén mat phing (a) xac dinh boi (N,d) léy diém M, sao cho M,, N khdc phia déi voi d dong théi théa diéu kign: MM’ MM' va MM’ Ld. ¥ Xét diém J thuge d,ta.cé: AIM,M'=AIMM' => IM, = 1M yy Do dé IM+IN = IM,+IN = M,N (khong d6i) Suy ra min(/M +IN)=M,N khi I Y Xic dinh toa d6 diém I: MM ay WN File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 GV. TRAN QUOC NGHIA - suu tém va bién tap 59 II.Bai ton khoang cach cé yéu t6 cuc tri ‘Bai todn I. Cho diém 11 va duting thing d (d khéng qua 7 ). Tép phung trinh méit phiing (P) chute dung thing d sao cho khoding cich tit (1 dén (P) ln nat. Phuong phap giai: Ké AH L(P); AK Ld = AH =d(4;(P)) vadiém K cé inh. Taco AH < AK =>d(4;(P)) | =AK >H=K s A Khi dé mat phing (P) can lap chira duéng thing d va nhan vecto AK 1 vécto phap tuyén. ‘Bai todn 2. Cho hai diém 71, B vd mat phang (P). Tép phuong trink dubng thing d nam trong (P), di qua diém 11 sao cho-khodng céch tie B dén d lin nha ? nhé nhat ? Phuong phap gi: B, Bai todn 3. Cho diém 71, duting thang d' vd Ke BH 1d: BK 1(P) => BH =d(B:d) vadiém K 6 dinh, Taco BH H= Khi dé duéng thing d nim trong (P), di qua 4 vA vudng géc v6i duing thing AB, suy rad ¢6 mot VICP li Talaicé BH > BK => d(B;d),,, = BK => H=K Khi dé dudng thing d nim trong (P), di qua 4 va di qua hinh chiéu K cua B. Ta dé thay 4 e6 mgt VICP la ty =[ Fy [ Fy AB alt phiing (P) (d’ edt (?) ). tip phutong trink dung thiiny d niim trong (P) vd di qua diém 71 suv ctw hhwdny ciich yidia d vd dt’ Wn nfl, Phuong phap gi Goi T=d'A(P), qua A dymg dudng thing d”//d' => d'//(Q), voi (Q) 1a mat phing chia d va d”. Khi dé d(d;d')=d(d'(Q))=a(s;(Q)) Ké JH 1(Q); IK Ld" = IH =d(1;(Q)) vadiém K cé dinh. Ta 06 JHSIK =d(I;(Q)) -iKKe K. Khi 46 duéng thing d nim trong (P),diqua 4 va vudng goe voi dug thing JK, suy ra d_ cb mot VICP la di, =[ 7. JK | Goi 4’ la hinh chiéu vudng géc cia A Ken d’, suy ra Ad’ // IK, khi dd Vay duong thing d can lap di qua diém 4 va cé VTCP li ‘Bai todn 4. Cho diém 1 vit hai duting thing d,, d,. Tép phubng trinh dubng thing d di qua bid d cdit d, vd khoding cach gitta d va d, tn nha. Phuong phap gidi: Goi (P) la mat phing di qua A va chira d,, suy ra d nm trong (P). Khi d6 quy vé Bai toan 3, File word lién hg: toanhoebactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 TAILIEU HOC TAP TOAN 12 - PHUONG PHAP TOA BO TRONG KHONG GIAN 60 B-BAI TAP VAN DUNG VD 74. Cho A(2;1;-1), B(0:3;1) va (P):x+y-2z4+3= © [2M - MBB | . Tim diém M thude (P) sao cho: @ |MA+ MB) VD 75. Cho A(4;-1;2), B(3;5;-1), C(2;5;-1) va (P):x+2y-2-3=0. @ Timdiém M €(P) sao cho (a+ MB + Nic] dat gid tri nhé nhat. © Tim diém N e(P) sao cho NA’ + NB? + NC dat gia tri nhé nhat. File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 GV. TRAN QUOC NGHIA - suu tém va bién tap 61 x-2 VD 76. Cho diém A(1;0;1), durimg thing ao va mit phing (P):x-y+z-2=0 Lap phuong trinh duding thing d di qua 4, nim trong (P) sao cho khosing cach gitta d va d’ én nhat. C-BAI TAP TU LUAN Bai 103. Cho A(I;0;-1), B(2;-2;1), C(0;-1;0) va (P):x-2y+22+6=0. Tim diém M thudc (P) sao cho: @ |iA+ B+ MC| © 2MA—4MB+3MC| Bai 104. Cho A(0;1;-1), BC -2), C(6:1;14) va (P):x+2y—z2+1=0. Tim diém M thuge (P) sao cho [2d + 3B - MC | Bai 108. Cho A(-3;5;-5), B(5;-3:7) va (P):x+y+z=0. Timdiém M thudc (P) sao cho: @ T= MA + MR? dat gid tri nha nat. ® T = MA —2MR? dat gid tr} lem nit. BAi 106. Cho A(1;4:5), B(0:3:1), C(2;1:0) va (P):3x—3y—22-15=0. Tim diém Mf thuge (P) sao cho: @ T = MA’ + MB’ + MC dat gid tri nho nhat. © T= MA +2MB?-4MC? dat gid { lon nhit. File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 TAILIEU HOC TAP TOAN 12 - PHUONG PHAP TOA BO TRONG KHONG GIAN 62 Bai 107. Bai 108. Bai 109. Bai 110. Bai 111. Bai 112. Bai 113. Bai 114. Cho A(3:1:1), B @ Timdiém M <(P) @ Tim diém Ne(P) san cho NA? + NR? dat gif tri nha nhat Cho A(1;2;3), B(4;4;5) va (P):x-y+z © Chitng t6 ring dug thing di qua A, B cit mat phing (P) tai mot diém / , tim toa 4 diém a6, © Tim diém M <(P) sao cho |MA~ MB| dat gia tri lon nhat. Cho A(-1;3;-2), B(-9;4;9) va (P):2x—y+z+1=0. © Ching té ring durimg thing di qua A, B cit mat phing (P) tai mot diém /, tim toa 4 diém a6. © Timdiém M <(P) sao cho AM+BM dat gid tri nho nat. Cho hai diém A(151;2), B(-1,051) vad im diém M trén d sao cho: @ Din tich tam giac MAB nhé nhit. © MA+ MB dat gid tri nho nha. Cho A(Is-2;1), B(2;-1;-4), C(3;0;-2) va 5 @ Tim digm M trén d sao cho [M4+2MB—MC| nho nat. © Tim diém M trén d sao cho ~MA* + MB? — MC? Ién nbat. > : = Lip phuong trinh mat phing (P) chita d sao cho khoang cach tir 4 dén (P) én nbat. DS: (P):x-4y+2-3=0 (0; B thang d nim trong (P), diqua 4 va cich B m6t khoang lén nhat ? nho nhat ? Cho diém 4(2;5;3) va duong thing d: ‘Cho diém A(1;0;0), }) va mat phang (P):x+2y . Lap phuong trinh duéng. DS: max ymin: {x=1447 a 11 x+l_y_z-2 Cho diém A(0;-1;2) va dudng thang a . Lap phuong trinh dudng thing A dt d sao cho: diqua A va @ khosing cach tir B(2;1;1) dén dudng thing A la én nhat. © Khoding eich gita A va d': 7 lon nit. File word lign hg: toanhocbactrungnam@gmail,com MS: HH12-C3 GV. TRAN QUOC NGHIA - suu t4m va bién tap 63 Van dé 10. MAT CAU mOOOOOR A-PHUONG PHAP GIAI TOAN 1. Phuong trink mat cau: © Mat cdu tam J(a;b;c), bin kinh R_c6 phuong trinh: (xa) +(y—b)' +(2-e)' = R? © Phuong trinh: x? +)? +2*-2av-2by—2ez+d=0, li phuong trinh mat edu tim H(a;b;c), bin kinh R= Va" +b? +c?-d néu a +b +c? -d>0. # Cac trudng hgp dic bigt + Mat cau tam O ban kinh R: x?+y* + Mat cdu don vj bin kinh R=1: x? +y? +2" 2. Vi tri teong déi giita mat phang va mat cau: Cho mat cau (8) tim 7, ban kinh R. * (P) cit (S) od(i(P))R * (P) tip xe (S) a(,(P))=R. 3. Mét sé lum y= © (P) va (S) co diém chung <> d(J,(P))

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