Basic Food Chemistry Guided Notes

Food Science
The Basic Nature of Matter
Chemistry is the study of the
___________________________________________________________________ and the changes that occur
to them
◼ It is the study of ______________________
An atom is the ____________t unit of any elemental substance that maintains the characteristics of that
substance
__________________________________ make up an atom
◼ The _____________________, or central core of an atom, contains positively charged
____________ and ____________________, which have ___________________ charge
◼ Negatively charged ________________________ spin around the nucleus in an orbital

Chemical Changes
Occurs whenever new substances with different chemical and physical properties are formed.
Chemical changes result in:
◼ Changes in ____________________ – enzymatic browning, caramelization of sugar
◼ Changes in _____________________ – cooked cabbage smell
◼ _____________________changes – cooked onions, fermented foods.
◼ Release of _______________ – mixing baking soda and vinegar, alcoholic beverages

The Basic Nature of Matter

An _________________ is a substance that contains only _____________________________
– The number of _________________________ determines the element of an atom
– Elements are organized by _______________________________________ properties in the
periodic table
– A system of ____________________________ is used to identify elements

The Periodic Table

Chart showing how elements ___________________ & ___________________ to one another
Each cell gives the symbol of the chemical element and includes the:
◼ _________________—number of protons in the nucleus in each atom of that element
◼ _________________—sum of the masses of the _____________ and ____________in an atom
◼ The mass of a proton or neutron is defined as equal to one
________________________________ (AMU)
➢ The mass of an electron is so _______________________, it is insignificant
Organization of the cells indicates how elements interact
________________________________

Periodic table GROUPS

Each ___________________is called a group.
The elements in each group have the same number of _________________________ in the outer orbital.
Periodic table GROUPS
◼ Grouped together by # of _________________________________________________________
◼ As you keep counting the columns, you'll know how many electrons are in the outer shell.
There are exceptions to the order when you look at transitional elements
Periodic table Periods
Each ___________________ is called a period.
◼ All of the elements in a period have the same number
of ________________________________.
➢ As you move down the table, every row adds an orbital.
● Every element in the top row (the first period) has one orbital for its
________________
● Every element in the second row (the second period) have ______ orbitals for
their electrons.
● At this time, there is a maximum of _________________electron orbitals 
Compounds
Compounds are substances in which _________________________________________ chemically combine
◼ The basic unit of any compound is a ____________________________
◼ Ex.________________________

Chemical Formulas
A chemical formula is a combination of ___________________________ making up a compound that:
◼ represents _____________________________________________ of a compound
◼ has the _________________ and subscript numbers of __________ for each element in the
compound
Knowing how to read a chemical formula can help identify the elements in the substance
◼ H2O is composed of 2 _____________________atoms and one _________________________
atom
Chemical formulas can indicate how ______________________ are arranged in a molecule

Chemical Bonding
The force that holds _____________ atoms together is a chemical bond
◼ __________________________________ form the bond

The Classification of Matter

A pure substance is matter in which all the basic units are the ______________________
◼ Can be either an ___________________________________________, but the composition
doesn’t vary
Examples:
Compounds
◼ Composed of ________________________________elements in a specific ratio.
• Ex: Water is a compound made up of two elements, hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O).
Compounds are categorized into 2 categories
◼ _____________________compounds contain chains or rings of carbon
◼ _____________________compounds contain no carbon or only single carbon atoms

Chemists can’t easily separate the components of a compound:

◼ They have to resort to some type of __________________________________

Chemical Changes
A chemical change occurs whenever new substances with different _____________________and
_________________________________properties are formed
 ◼ This produces a change in
______________________________________________________________
Physical and chemical changes may or may not be_________________________________________