Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 19

04/04/2021 Overview of Machine Learning Methods in ADHD Prediction | SpringerLink

Overview of Machine Learning Methods


in ADHD Prediction
Advances in Bioengineering pp 51-71 | Cite as

Navya Sethu (1)


Renu Vyas (1) Email author (renu.vyas@mituniversity.edu.in)

1. School of Bioengineering Sciences & Research, MIT ADT University, , Pune, India

Chapter
First Online: 12 May 2020

222 Downloads

Abstract

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that


affects the social and personal traits of children between the age of 2 and 18, and the
symptoms include inattentiveness and hyperactivity/impulsivity. Though this disorder
is identified in childhood, it may persist till teenage in a few cases. ADHD is diagnosed
on the basis of various rating scales that have been developed by experts. Additionally,
MRI patterns are also used to study the anatomical and functional features of ADHD
brain and the effect of medication. This chapter focuses on various machine learning
models developed for accurate prediction of this disorder. Majority of machine
learning studies were based on creating classification models, out of which SVM and
ANN have been proved to give the most accurate diagnosis. A better predictive model
with good correlation coefficient (CC) values, specificity and sensitivity has been
generated with genetic programming-based algorithm. Numerous other relevant
examples have also been cited in this chapter. The contents of the chapter will help the
researchers to understand various techniques of ADHD prediction to provide better
treatment for the children who are suffering from similar neurodevelopmental
disorders.

Keywords
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Genetic programming Machine learning
Predictive model
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

References
Akdeniz G (2017) Complexity analysis of resting-state fMRI in adult patients with
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: brain entropy. Comput Intell Neurosci

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-15-2063-1_3 1/19
04/04/2021 Overview of Machine Learning Methods in ADHD Prediction | SpringerLink

2017:3091815
PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=29379522)
PubMedCentral (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5742910)
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/3091815)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Complexity%20analysis%20of%20resting-
state%20fMRI%20in%20adult%20patients%20with%20attention%20deficit%20hype
ractivity%20disorder%3A%20brain%20entropy&author=G.%20Akdeniz&journal=Co
mput%20Intell%20Neurosci&volume=2017&pages=3091815&publication_year=2017
)
American Psychiatric Association (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental
disorders (DSM-5®). American Psychiatric Pub, Arlington
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Diagnostic%20and%20statistical%20manual%20of%20mental%20disorders%2
0%28DSM-5%C2%AE%29&publication_year=2013)
Azar AT, Elshazly HI, Hassanien AE et al (2014) A random forest classifier for lymph
diseases. Comput Methods Prog Biomed 113(2):465–473
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2013.11.004)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=A%20random%20forest%20classifier%20for%20lymph%20diseases&author=AT
.%20Azar&author=HI.%20Elshazly&author=AE.%20Hassanien&journal=Comput%2
0Methods%20Prog%20Biomed&volume=113&issue=2&pages=465-
473&publication_year=2014)
Banzhaf W, Francone FD, Keller RE et al (1998) Genetic programming: an
introduction: on the automatic evolution of computer programs and its applications.
Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., San Francisco
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Genetic%20programming%3A%20an%20introduction%3A%20on%20the%20au
tomatic%20evolution%20of%20computer%20programs%20and%20its%20applicatio
ns&author=W.%20Banzhaf&author=FD.%20Francone&author=RE.%20Keller&public
ation_year=1998)
Barkley RA (2015) Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a handbook for diagnosis
and treatment. The Guilford Press, New York
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Attention-
deficit%20hyperactivity%20disorder%3A%20a%20handbook%20for%20diagnosis%2
0and%20treatment&author=RA.%20Barkley&publication_year=2015)
Bhardwaj A, Tiwari A, Krishna R et al (2016) A novel genetic programming approach
for epileptic seizure detection. Comput Methods Prog Biomed 124:2–18
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2015.10.001)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=A%20novel%20genetic%20programming%20approach%20for%20epileptic%20s
eizure%20detection&author=A.%20Bhardwaj&author=A.%20Tiwari&author=R.%20
Krishna&journal=Comput%20Methods%20Prog%20Biomed&volume=124&pages=2-
18&publication_year=2016)
Bledsoe JC, Xiao D, Chaovalitwongse A et al (2016) Diagnostic classification of ADHD
versus control: support vector machine classification using brief neuropsychological
assessment. J Atten Disord. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054716649666
(https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054716649666)

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-15-2063-1_3 2/19
04/04/2021 Overview of Machine Learning Methods in ADHD Prediction | SpringerLink

Bohland JW, Saperstein S, Pereira F et al (2012) Network, anatomical, and non-


imaging measures for the prediction of ADHD diagnosis in individual subjects. Front
Syst Neurosci 6:78
PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=23267318)
PubMedCentral (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3527894)
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2012.00078)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Network%2C%20anatomical%2C%20and%20non-
imaging%20measures%20for%20the%20prediction%20of%20ADHD%20diagnosis%
20in%20individual%20subjects&author=JW.%20Bohland&author=S.%20Saperstein
&author=F.%20Pereira&journal=Front%20Syst%20Neurosci&volume=6&pages=78&
publication_year=2012)
Borsook D, Upadhyay J, Klimas M et al (2012) Decision-making using fMRI in clinical
drug development: revisiting NK-1 receptor antagonists for pain. Drug Discov Today
17(17–18):964–973
PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=22579743)
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2012.05.004)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Decision-
making%20using%20fMRI%20in%20clinical%20drug%20development%3A%20revisi
ting%20NK-
1%20receptor%20antagonists%20for%20pain&author=D.%20Borsook&author=J.%2
0Upadhyay&author=M.%20Klimas&journal=Drug%20Discov%20Today&volume=17
&issue=17%E2%80%9318&pages=964-973&publication_year=2012)
Bouchard MF, Bellinger DC, Wright RO et al (2010) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder and urinary metabolites of organophosphate pesticides. Pediatrics
125(6):1270–1277
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2009-3058)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Attention-
deficit%2Fhyperactivity%20disorder%20and%20urinary%20metabolites%20of%20or
ganophosphate%20pesticides&author=MF.%20Bouchard&author=DC.%20Bellinger&
author=RO.%20Wright&journal=Pediatrics&volume=125&issue=6&pages=1270-
1277&publication_year=2010)
Bowers TG, Risser MG, Suchanec JF et al (1992) A developmental index using the
Wechsler intelligence scale for children: implications for the diagnosis. J Learn Disabil
25:179–185
PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=1602225)
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1177/002221949202500305)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=A%20developmental%20index%20using%20the%20Wechsler%20intelligence%
20scale%20for%20children%3A%20implications%20for%20the%20diagnosis&author
=TG.%20Bowers&author=MG.%20Risser&author=JF.%20Suchanec&journal=J%20L
earn%20Disabil&volume=25&pages=179-185&publication_year=1992)
Breiman L (2001) Random forests. Mach Learn 45:5–32
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1023/A%3A1010933404324)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Random%20forests&author=L.%20Breiman&journal=Mach%20Learn&volume
=45&pages=5-32&publication_year=2001)
Brown T (1996) The Brown ADD scales. Psychological Corp, San Antonio

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-15-2063-1_3 3/19
04/04/2021 Overview of Machine Learning Methods in ADHD Prediction | SpringerLink

Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?


title=The%20Brown%20ADD%20scales&author=T.%20Brown&publication_year=19
96)
Chae S, Kwon S, Lee D (2018) Predicting infectious disease using deep learning and
big data. Int J Environ Res Public Health 15(8):pii: E1596
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081596)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Predicting%20infectious%20disease%20using%20deep%20learning%20and%20
big%20data&author=S.%20Chae&author=S.%20Kwon&author=D.%20Lee&journal=I
nt%20J%20Environ%20Res%20Public%20Health&volume=15&issue=8&pages=pii%
3A%20E1596&publication_year=2018)
Chaurasia V, Pal S (2013) Early prediction of heart diseases using data mining
techniques. Carib J Sci Technol 1:208–217
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Early%20prediction%20of%20heart%20diseases%20using%20data%20mining
%20techniques&author=V.%20Chaurasia&author=S.%20Pal&journal=Carib%20J%2
0Sci%20Technol&volume=1&pages=208-217&publication_year=2013)
Chen M, Hao Y, Hwang K et al (2017) Disease prediction by machine learning over big
data from healthcare communities. IEEE Access 5:8869–8879
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2694446)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Disease%20prediction%20by%20machine%20learning%20over%20big%20data
%20from%20healthcare%20communities&author=M.%20Chen&author=Y.%20Hao&
author=K.%20Hwang&journal=IEEE%20Access&volume=5&pages=8869-
8879&publication_year=2017)
Chu K-C, Huang H-J, Huang Y-S (2016) Machine learning approach for distinction of
ADHD and OSA. IEEE/ACM International conference on advances in social networks
analysis and mining (ASONAM), IEEE, pp 1044–1049
Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Chu%20K-
C%2C%20Huang%20H-J%2C%20Huang%20Y-
S%20%282016%29%20Machine%20learning%20approach%20for%20distinction%20
of%20ADHD%20and%20OSA.%20IEEE%2FACM%20International%20conference%
20on%20advances%20in%20social%20networks%20analysis%20and%20mining%20
%28ASONAM%29%2C%20IEEE%2C%20pp%201044%E2%80%931049)
Conners CK (2008) Conners third edition (Conners 3). Western Psychological
Services, Los Angeles
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Conners%20third%20edition%20%28Conners%203%29&author=CK.%20Conne
rs&publication_year=2008)
Conners CK, Pitkanen J, Rzepa SR (2011) Conners 3rd edition (Conners 3; Conners
2008). In: Kreutzer JS, DeLuca J, Caplan B (eds) Encyclopedia of clinical
neuropsychology. Springer, New York, pp 675–678
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_1534)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Conners%203rd%20edition%20%28Conners%203%3B%20Conners%202008%
29&author=CK.%20Conners&author=J.%20Pitkanen&author=SR.%20Rzepa&pages=
675-678&publication_year=2011)
Constantino JN, Gruber CP (2012) Social responsiveness scale-second edition (SRS-2).
Western Psychological Services, Torrance
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Social%20responsiveness%20scale-second%20edition%20%28SRS-

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-15-2063-1_3 4/19
04/04/2021 Overview of Machine Learning Methods in ADHD Prediction | SpringerLink

2%29&author=JN.%20Constantino&author=CP.%20Gruber&publication_year=2012)
Cortese S, Kelly C, Chabernaud C et al (2012) Toward systems neuroscience of ADHD:
a meta-analysis of 55 fMRI studies. Am J Psychiatry 169(10):1036–1055
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.11101521)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Toward%20systems%20neuroscience%20of%20ADHD%3A%20a%20meta-
analysis%20of%2055%20fMRI%20studies&author=S.%20Cortese&author=C.%20Kel
ly&author=C.%20Chabernaud&journal=Am%20J%20Psychiatry&volume=169&issue
=10&pages=1036-1055&publication_year=2012)
Deshpande G, Wang P, D R et al (2015) Fully connected cascade artificial neural
network architecture for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder classification from
functional magnetic resonance imaging data. IEEE Trans Cybern 45(12):2668–2679
PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=25576588)
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1109/TCYB.2014.2379621)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Fully%20connected%20cascade%20artificial%20neural%20network%20architec
ture%20for%20attention%20deficit%20hyperactivity%20disorder%20classification%
20from%20functional%20magnetic%20resonance%20imaging%20data&author=G.%
20Deshpande&author=P.%20Wang&author=R.%20D&journal=IEEE%20Trans%20C
ybern&volume=45&issue=12&pages=2668-2679&publication_year=2015)
Division of Human Development and Disability (2018) Data and statistics about
ADHD. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/data.html
(https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/data.html). Accessed 13 Jan 2019
Duda M, Haber N, Daniels J et al (2017) Crowd sourced validation of a machine-
learning classification system for autism and ADHD. Transl Psychiatry 7(5):e1133
PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=28509905)
PubMedCentral (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5534954)
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1038/tp.2017.86)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Crowd%20sourced%20validation%20of%20a%20machine-
learning%20classification%20system%20for%20autism%20and%20ADHD&author=
M.%20Duda&author=N.%20Haber&author=J.%20Daniels&journal=Transl%20Psych
iatry&volume=7&issue=5&pages=e1133&publication_year=2017)
DuPaul GJ, Power TJ, Anastopoulos AD et al (2016) ADHD rating scale? 5 for children
and adolescents: checklists, norms, and clinical interpretation. Guilford Publications,
New York
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=ADHD%20rating%20scale%3F%205%20for%20children%20and%20adolescent
s%3A%20checklists%2C%20norms%2C%20and%20clinical%20interpretation&autho
r=GJ.%20DuPaul&author=TJ.%20Power&author=AD.%20Anastopoulos&publication
_year=2016)
Farré-Riba A, Narbonne J (1997) Conner’s rating scales in the assessment of attention
deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADD-H). A new validation and factor analysis in
Spanish children. Rev Neurol 25(138):200–204
PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=9147735)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Conner%E2%80%99s%20rating%20scales%20in%20the%20assessment%20of%

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-15-2063-1_3 5/19
04/04/2021 Overview of Machine Learning Methods in ADHD Prediction | SpringerLink

20attention%20deficit%20disorder%20with%20hyperactivity%20%28ADD-
H%29.%20A%20new%20validation%20and%20factor%20analysis%20in%20Spanish
%20children&author=A.%20Farr%C3%A9-
Riba&author=J.%20Narbonne&journal=Rev%20Neurol&volume=25&issue=138&pag
es=200-204&publication_year=1997)
Fatima M, Pasha M (2017) Survey of machine learning algorithms for disease
diagnostic. J Intell Learn Syst Appl 9(1):1–16
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Survey%20of%20machine%20learning%20algorithms%20for%20disease%20di
agnostic&author=M.%20Fatima&author=M.%20Pasha&journal=J%20Intell%20Lear
n%20Syst%20Appl&volume=9&issue=1&pages=1-16&publication_year=2017)
Frandsen AJ (2016) Machine learning for disease prediction. Master of Science,
Brigham Young University
Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?
q=Frandsen%20AJ%20%282016%29%20Machine%20learning%20for%20disease%2
0prediction.%20Master%20of%20Science%2C%20Brigham%20Young%20University
)
Glover GH (2011) Overview of functional magnetic resonance imaging. Neurosurg Clin
N Am 22(2):133–139
PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=21435566)
PubMedCentral (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3073717)
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nec.2010.11.001)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Overview%20of%20functional%20magnetic%20resonance%20imaging&author
=GH.%20Glover&journal=Neurosurg%20Clin%20N%20Am&volume=22&issue=2&p
ages=133-139&publication_year=2011)
Gomez R, Vance A, Watson SD (2016) Structure of the Wechsler intelligence scale for
children – fourth edition in a Group of Children with ADHD. Front Psychol 7:737
PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=27303319)
PubMedCentral (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4884732)
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00737)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Structure%20of%20the%20Wechsler%20intelligence%20scale%20for%20childr
en%C2%A0%E2%80%93%20fourth%20edition%20in%20a%20Group%20of%20Chil
dren%20with%20ADHD&author=R.%20Gomez&author=A.%20Vance&author=SD.%
20Watson&journal=Front%20Psychol&volume=7&pages=737&publication_year=201
6)
Gorunescu F (2011) Classification and decision trees. In: Data mining: concepts,
models and techniques. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, pp 159–183
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19721-5_4)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Classification%20and%20decision%20trees&author=F.%20Gorunescu&pages=1
59-183&publication_year=2011)
Grane VA, Endestad T, Pinto AF et al (2014) Attentional control and subjective
executive function in treatment-naive adults with attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder. PLoS One 9(12):e115227
PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=25545156)
PubMedCentral (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4278892)

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-15-2063-1_3 6/19
04/04/2021 Overview of Machine Learning Methods in ADHD Prediction | SpringerLink

CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0115227)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Attentional%20control%20and%20subjective%20executive%20function%20in%
20treatment-
naive%20adults%20with%20attention%20deficit%20hyperactivity%20disorder&auth
or=VA.%20Grane&author=T.%20Endestad&author=AF.%20Pinto&journal=PLoS%2
0One&volume=9&issue=12&publication_year=2014)
Green M, Wong M, Atkins D et al (1999) Diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder. Technical Reviews No. 3
Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?
q=Green%20M%2C%20Wong%20M%2C%20Atkins%20D%20et%20al%20%281999
%29%20Diagnosis%20of%20attention-
deficit%2Fhyperactivity%20disorder.%20Technical%20Reviews%20No.%203)
Hao AJ, He BL, Yin CH (2015) Discrimination of ADHD children based on deep
Bayesian network. In: International conference on biomedical image and signal
processing (ICBISP 2015), IET, pp 1–6
Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?
q=Hao%20AJ%2C%20He%20BL%2C%20Yin%20CH%20%282015%29%20Discrimin
ation%20of%20ADHD%20children%20based%20on%20deep%20Bayesian%20netwo
rk.%20In%3A%20International%20conference%20on%20biomedical%20image%20a
nd%20signal%20processing%20%28ICBISP%202015%29%2C%20IET%2C%20pp%2
01%E2%80%936)
Hart H, Chantiluke K, Cubillo AI et al (2014) Pattern classification of response
inhibition in ADHD: toward the development of neurobiological markers for ADHD.
Hum Brain Mapp 35(7):3083–3094
PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=24123508)
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.22386)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Pattern%20classification%20of%20response%20inhibition%20in%20ADHD%3
A%20toward%20the%20development%20of%20neurobiological%20markers%20for
%20ADHD&author=H.%20Hart&author=K.%20Chantiluke&author=AI.%20Cubillo&
journal=Hum%20Brain%20Mapp&volume=35&issue=7&pages=3083-
3094&publication_year=2014)
Herland M, Khoshgoftaar TM, Wald R (2014) A review of data mining using big data
in health informatics. J Big Data 1(1):2
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1186/2196-1115-1-2)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=A%20review%20of%20data%20mining%20using%20big%20data%20in%20heal
th%20informatics&author=M.%20Herland&author=TM.%20Khoshgoftaar&author=R
.%20Wald&journal=J%20Big%20Data&volume=1&issue=1&pages=2&publication_ye
ar=2014)
H.R. Jahanshahloo, M. Shamsi, E. Ghasemi, et al (2017) Automated and ERP-based
diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children. J Med Signals Sensors
7: 26–32
Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?
q=H.R.%20Jahanshahloo%2C%20M.%20Shamsi%2C%20E.%20Ghasemi%2C%20et
%20al%20%282017%29%20Automated%20and%20ERP-
based%20diagnosis%20of%20attention-
deficit%20hyperactivity%20disorder%20in%20children.%20J%20Med%20Signals%2
0Sensors%207%3A%2026%E2%80%9332)

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-15-2063-1_3 7/19
04/04/2021 Overview of Machine Learning Methods in ADHD Prediction | SpringerLink

Jain A (2015) Machine learning techniques for medical diagnosis: a review. 2nd
international conference on science, technology and management, University of Delhi,
New Delhi, pp 2449–2459
Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?
q=Jain%20A%20%282015%29%20Machine%20learning%20techniques%20for%20m
edical%20diagnosis%3A%20a%20review.%202nd%20international%20conference%2
0on%20science%2C%20technology%20and%20management%2C%20University%20
of%20Delhi%2C%20New%20Delhi%2C%20pp%202449%E2%80%932459)
Jain R, Jain N, Aggarwal A et al (2019) Convolutional neural network based
Alzheimer’s disease classification from magnetic resonance brain images. Cogn Syst
Res 57:147–159
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2018.12.015)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Convolutional%20neural%20network%20based%20Alzheimer%E2%80%99s%2
0disease%20classification%20from%20magnetic%20resonance%20brain%20images
&author=R.%20Jain&author=N.%20Jain&author=A.%20Aggarwal&journal=Cogn%2
0Syst%20Res&volume=57&pages=147-159&publication_year=2019)
Jie B, Wee CY, Shen D et al (2016) Hyper-connectivity of functional networks for brain
disease diagnosis. Med Image Anal 32:84–100
PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=27060621)
PubMedCentral (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5333488)
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2016.03.003)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Hyper-
connectivity%20of%20functional%20networks%20for%20brain%20disease%20diagn
osis&author=B.%20Jie&author=CY.%20Wee&author=D.%20Shen&journal=Med%20
Image%20Anal&volume=32&pages=84-100&publication_year=2016)
Kao GS, Thomas HM (2010) Test review: C. Keith Conners Conners 3rd edition
Toronto, Ontario, Canada: multi-health systems, 2008. J Psychoeduc Assess
28(6):598–602
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1177/0734282909360011)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Test%20review%3A%20C.%20Keith%20Conners%20Conners%203rd%20editio
n%20Toronto%2C%20Ontario%2C%20Canada%3A%20multi-
health%20systems%2C%202008&author=GS.%20Kao&author=HM.%20Thomas&jou
rnal=J%20Psychoeduc%20Assess&volume=28&issue=6&pages=598-
602&publication_year=2010)
Katusic MZ, Voigt RG, Colligan RC et al (2011) Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
in children with high intelligence quotient: results from a population-based study. J
Dev Behav Pediatr 32(2):103–109
PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=21200330)
PubMedCentral (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3095845)
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0b013e318206d700)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Attention-
deficit%20hyperactivity%20disorder%20in%20children%20with%20high%20intellige
nce%20quotient%3A%20results%20from%20a%20population-
based%20study&author=MZ.%20Katusic&author=RG.%20Voigt&author=RC.%20Col
ligan&journal=J%20Dev%20Behav%20Pediatr&volume=32&issue=2&pages=103-
109&publication_year=2011)
Kessler RC, Green JG, Adler LA et al (2010) Structure and diagnosis of adult attention-
deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 67(11):1168–1178

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-15-2063-1_3 8/19
04/04/2021 Overview of Machine Learning Methods in ADHD Prediction | SpringerLink

PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=21041618)
PubMedCentral (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3131739)
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.146)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Structure%20and%20diagnosis%20of%20adult%20attention-
deficit%2Fhyperactivity%20disorder&author=RC.%20Kessler&author=JG.%20Green
&author=LA.%20Adler&journal=Arch%20Gen%20Psychiatry&volume=67&issue=11&
pages=1168-1178&publication_year=2010)
Kim J-W, Park K-H, Cheon K-A et al (2005) The child behavior checklist together with
the ADHD rating scale can diagnose ADHD in Korean community-based samples. Can
J Psychiatr 50(12):802–805
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370505001210)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=The%20child%20behavior%20checklist%20together%20with%20the%20ADHD
%20rating%20scale%20can%20diagnose%20ADHD%20in%20Korean%20communit
y-based%20samples&author=J-W.%20Kim&author=K-H.%20Park&author=K-
A.%20Cheon&journal=Can%20J%20Psychiatr&volume=50&issue=12&pages=802-
805&publication_year=2005)
Kononenko I (2001) Machine learning for medical diagnosis: history, state of the art
and perspective. Artif Intell Med 23:89–109
PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=11470218)
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1016/S0933-3657(01)00077-X)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Machine%20learning%20for%20medical%20diagnosis%3A%20history%2C%20
state%20of%20the%20art%20and%20perspective&author=I.%20Kononenko&journal
=Artif%20Intell%20Med&volume=23&pages=89-109&publication_year=2001)
Kotsiantis SB (2011) Decision trees: a recent overview. Artif Intell Rev 39(4):261–283
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-011-9272-4)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Decision%20trees%3A%20a%20recent%20overview&author=SB.%20Kotsiantis
&journal=Artif%20Intell%20Rev&volume=39&issue=4&pages=261-
283&publication_year=2011)
Koza JR (1994) Genetic programming as a means for programming computers by
natural selection. Stat Comput 4(2):87–112
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00175355)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Genetic%20programming%20as%20a%20means%20for%20programming%20c
omputers%20by%20natural%20selection&author=JR.%20Koza&journal=Stat%20Co
mput&volume=4&issue=2&pages=87-112&publication_year=1994)
Kuang D, He L (2014) Classification on ADHD with deep. Learning 2014:27–32
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Classification%20on%20ADHD%20with%20deep&author=D.%20Kuang&autho
r=L.%20He&journal=Learning&volume=2014&pages=27-
32&publication_year=2014)
Kubo Y, Kanazawa T, Kawabata Y et al (2018) Comparative analysis of the WISC
between two ADHD subgroups. Psychiatry Investig 15(2):172–177
PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=29475226)
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2017.07.12)

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-15-2063-1_3 9/19
04/04/2021 Overview of Machine Learning Methods in ADHD Prediction | SpringerLink

Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?


title=Comparative%20analysis%20of%20the%20WISC%20between%20two%20ADH
D%20subgroups&author=Y.%20Kubo&author=T.%20Kanazawa&author=Y.%20Kawa
bata&journal=Psychiatry%20Investig&volume=15&issue=2&pages=172-
177&publication_year=2018)
Kyeong S, Park S, Cheon KA et al (2015) A new approach to investigate the association
between brain functional connectivity and disease characteristics of attention-
deficit/hyperactivity disorder: topological neuroimaging data analysis. PLoS One
10(9):e0137296
PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=26352147)
PubMedCentral (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4564101)
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137296)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=A%20new%20approach%20to%20investigate%20the%20association%20betwee
n%20brain%20functional%20connectivity%20and%20disease%20characteristics%20
of%20attention-
deficit%2Fhyperactivity%20disorder%3A%20topological%20neuroimaging%20data%
20analysis&author=S.%20Kyeong&author=S.%20Park&author=KA.%20Cheon&journ
al=PLoS%20One&volume=10&issue=9&publication_year=2015)
L’Heureux A, Grolinger K, Elyamany HF et al (2017) Machine learning with big data:
challenges and approaches. IEEE Access 5:7776–7797
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2696365)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Machine%20learning%20with%20big%20data%3A%20challenges%20and%20a
pproaches&author=A.%20L%E2%80%99Heureux&author=K.%20Grolinger&author=
HF.%20Elyamany&journal=IEEE%20Access&volume=5&pages=7776-
7797&publication_year=2017)
Lacy SE, Lones MA, Smith SL (2013) Characterisation of movement disorder in
Parkinson’s disease using evolutionary algorithms. In: 2013 genetic and evolutionary
computation conference (GECCO), Amsterdam, The Netherlands, ACM Digital
Library, pp 1479–1485
Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?
q=Lacy%20SE%2C%20Lones%20MA%2C%20Smith%20SL%20%282013%29%20Ch
aracterisation%20of%20movement%20disorder%20in%20Parkinson%E2%80%99s%
20disease%20using%20evolutionary%20algorithms.%20In%3A%202013%20genetic
%20and%20evolutionary%20computation%20conference%20%28GECCO%29%2C%
20Amsterdam%2C%20The%20Netherlands%2C%20ACM%20Digital%20Library%2C
%20pp%201479%E2%80%931485)
Lange KW, Reichl S, Lange KM et al (2010) The history of attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder. Atten Defic Hyperact Disord 2:241–255
PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=21258430)
PubMedCentral (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3000907)
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12402-010-0045-8)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=The%20history%20of%20attention%20deficit%20hyperactivity%20disorder&au
thor=KW.%20Lange&author=S.%20Reichl&author=KM.%20Lange&journal=Atten%
20Defic%20Hyperact%20Disord&volume=2&pages=241-
255&publication_year=2010)
Liang S-F, Hsieh T-H, Chen P-T, et al (2012) Differentiation between resting-state
fMRI data from ADHD and normal subjects: based on functional connectivity and

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-15-2063-1_3 10/19
04/04/2021 Overview of Machine Learning Methods in ADHD Prediction | SpringerLink

machine learning. In: 2012 international conference on fuzzy theory and its
applications, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, IEEE
Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Liang%20S-
F%2C%20Hsieh%20T-H%2C%20Chen%20P-
T%2C%20et%20al%20%282012%29%20Differentiation%20between%20resting-
state%20fMRI%20data%20from%20ADHD%20and%20normal%20subjects%3A%20
based%20on%20functional%20connectivity%20and%20machine%20learning.%20In
%3A%202012%20international%20conference%20on%20fuzzy%20theory%20and%2
0its%20applications%2C%20National%20Chung%20Hsing%20University%2C%20Ta
ichung%2C%20Taiwan%2C%20IEEE)
Mantzaris DH, Anastassopoulos GC, Lymberopoulos DK (2008) Medical disease
prediction using artificial neural networks. In: 8th IEEE international conference on
bioinformatics and bioengineering, Greece, IEEE, pp 1–6
Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?
q=Mantzaris%20DH%2C%20Anastassopoulos%20GC%2C%20Lymberopoulos%20D
K%20%282008%29%20Medical%20disease%20prediction%20using%20artificial%2
0neural%20networks.%20In%3A%208th%20IEEE%20international%20conference%
20on%20bioinformatics%20and%20bioengineering%2C%20Greece%2C%20IEEE%2
C%20pp%201%E2%80%936)
McKee ML, Mortimer JE, Maricle DE et al (2011a) Barkley home situations
questionnaire. In: Encyclopedia of child behavior and development, vol 1. Springer,
New York, pp 204–205
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Barkley%20home%20situations%20questionnaire&author=ML.%20McKee&aut
hor=JE.%20Mortimer&author=DE.%20Maricle&pages=204-
205&publication_year=2011)
McKee ML, Mortimer JE, Maricle DE et al (2011b) Barkley school situations
questionnaire. In: Encyclopedia of child behavior and development. Springer, New
York, pp 205–206
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Barkley%20school%20situations%20questionnaire&author=ML.%20McKee&au
thor=JE.%20Mortimer&author=DE.%20Maricle&pages=205-
206&publication_year=2011)
McNeil (2002) NICHQ vanderbilt assessment scales. National Institute for Children’s
Health Quality. https://www.nichq.org/resource/nichq-vanderbilt-assessment-scales
(https://www.nichq.org/resource/nichq-vanderbilt-assessment-scales). Accessed 23
Jan 2019
Milham MP, Fair D, Mennes M et al (2012) The ADHD-200 consortium: a model to
advance the translational potential of neuroimaging in clinical neuroscience. Front
Syst Neurosci 6:62
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The%20ADHD-
200%20consortium%3A%20a%20model%20to%20advance%20the%20translational
%20potential%20of%20neuroimaging%20in%20clinical%20neuroscience&author=M
P.%20Milham&author=D.%20Fair&author=M.%20Mennes&journal=Front%20Syst%
20Neurosci&volume=6&pages=62&publication_year=2012)
Moetesum M, Siddiqi I, Vincent N et al (2019) Assessing visual attributes of
handwriting for prediction of neurological disorders—a case study on Parkinson’s
disease. Pattern Recogn Lett 121:19–27
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2018.04.008)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Assessing%20visual%20attributes%20of%20handwriting%20for%20prediction

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-15-2063-1_3 11/19
04/04/2021 Overview of Machine Learning Methods in ADHD Prediction | SpringerLink

%20of%20neurological%20disorders%E2%80%94a%20case%20study%20on%20Par
kinson%E2%80%99s%20disease&author=M.%20Moetesum&author=I.%20Siddiqi&a
uthor=N.%20Vincent&journal=Pattern%20Recogn%20Lett&volume=121&pages=19-
27&publication_year=2019)
Mohammadi MR, Khaleghi A, Nasrabadi AM et al (2016) EEG classification of ADHD
and normal children using non-linear features and neural network. Biomed Eng Lett
6(2):66–73
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13534-016-0218-2)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=EEG%20classification%20of%20ADHD%20and%20normal%20children%20usi
ng%20non-
linear%20features%20and%20neural%20network&author=MR.%20Mohammadi&aut
hor=A.%20Khaleghi&author=AM.%20Nasrabadi&journal=Biomed%20Eng%20Lett&
volume=6&issue=2&pages=66-73&publication_year=2016)
Mueller A, Candrian G, Kropotov JD et al (2010) Classification of ADHD patients on
the basis of independent ERP components using a machine learning system. Nonlinear
Biomed Phys 4(Suppl 1):S1
PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=20522259)
PubMedCentral (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2880795)
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1186/1753-4631-4-S1-S1)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Classification%20of%20ADHD%20patients%20on%20the%20basis%20of%20in
dependent%20ERP%20components%20using%20a%20machine%20learning%20syst
em&author=A.%20Mueller&author=G.%20Candrian&author=JD.%20Kropotov&jour
nal=Nonlinear%20Biomed%20Phys&volume=4&issue=Suppl%201&publication_year
=2010)
Öztoprak H, Toycan M, Alp YK et al (2017) Machine-based learning system:
classification of ADHD and non-ADHD participants. In: 25th signal processing and
communications applications conference (SIU), Antalya, Turkey, IEEE
Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?
q=%C3%96ztoprak%20H%2C%20Toycan%20M%2C%20Alp%20YK%20et%20al%20
%282017%29%20Machine-
based%20learning%20system%3A%20classification%20of%20ADHD%20and%20non
-
ADHD%20participants.%20In%3A%2025th%20signal%20processing%20and%20co
mmunications%20applications%20conference%20%28SIU%29%2C%20Antalya%2C
%20Turkey%2C%20IEEE)
Parikh KS, Shah TP (2016) Support vector machine – a large margin classifier to
diagnose skin illnesses. Procedia Technol 23:369–375
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2016.03.039)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Support%20vector%20machine%C2%A0%E2%80%93%20a%20large%20margi
n%20classifier%20to%20diagnose%20skin%20illnesses&author=KS.%20Parikh&aut
hor=TP.%20Shah&journal=Procedia%20Technol&volume=23&pages=369-
375&publication_year=2016)
Peng X, Lin P, Zhang T et al (2013) Extreme learning machine-based classification of
ADHD using brain structural MRI data. PLoS One 8(11):1–12
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Extreme%20learning%20machine-
based%20classification%20of%20ADHD%20using%20brain%20structural%20MRI%

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-15-2063-1_3 12/19
04/04/2021 Overview of Machine Learning Methods in ADHD Prediction | SpringerLink

20data&author=X.%20Peng&author=P.%20Lin&author=T.%20Zhang&journal=PLoS
%20One&volume=8&issue=11&pages=1-12&publication_year=2013)
Polat H, Danaei Mehr H, Cetin A (2017) Diagnosis of chronic kidney disease based on
support vector machine by feature selection methods. J Med Syst 41(4):55
PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=28243816)
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-017-0703-x)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Diagnosis%20of%20chronic%20kidney%20disease%20based%20on%20support
%20vector%20machine%20by%20feature%20selection%20methods&author=H.%20
Polat&author=H.%20Danaei%20Mehr&author=A.%20Cetin&journal=J%20Med%20
Syst&volume=41&issue=4&publication_year=2017)
Qiu J, Wu Q, Ding G et al (2016) A survey of machine learning for big data processing.
EURASIP J Adv Signal Process 2016(67):1–16
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=A%20survey%20of%20machine%20learning%20for%20big%20data%20process
ing&author=J.%20Qiu&author=Q.%20Wu&author=G.%20Ding&journal=EURASIP%
20J%20Adv%20Signal%20Process&volume=2016&issue=67&pages=1-
16&publication_year=2016)
Qureshi MNI, Jo HJ, Lee B (2017) ADHD subgroup discrimination with global
connectivity features using hierarchical extreme learning machine: resting-state fMRI
study. IEEE international symposium on biomedical imaging: from nano to macro,
IEEE
Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?
q=Qureshi%20MNI%2C%20Jo%20HJ%2C%20Lee%20B%20%282017%29%20ADH
D%20subgroup%20discrimination%20with%20global%20connectivity%20features%
20using%20hierarchical%20extreme%20learning%20machine%3A%20resting-
state%20fMRI%20study.%20IEEE%20international%20symposium%20on%20biome
dical%20imaging%3A%20from%20nano%20to%20macro%2C%20IEEE)
Radhamani E, Krishnaveni K (2016) Diagnosis and evaluation of ADHD using MLP
and SVM classifiers. Indian J Sci Technol 9(19):1–7
Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?
q=Radhamani%20E%2C%20Krishnaveni%20K%20%282016%29%20Diagnosis%20a
nd%20evaluation%20of%20ADHD%20using%20MLP%20and%20SVM%20classifiers
.%20Indian%20J%20Sci%20Technol%209%2819%29%3A1%E2%80%937)
Raman SR, Man KKC, Bahmanyar S et al (2018) Trends in attention-deficit
hyperactivity disorder medication use: a retrospective observational study using
population-based databases. Lancet Psychiatry 5(10):824–835
PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=30220514)
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30293-1)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Trends%20in%20attention-
deficit%20hyperactivity%20disorder%20medication%20use%3A%20a%20retrospecti
ve%20observational%20study%20using%20population-
based%20databases&author=SR.%20Raman&author=KKC.%20Man&author=S.%20
Bahmanyar&journal=Lancet%20Psychiatry&volume=5&issue=10&pages=824-
835&publication_year=2018)
Ramírez J, Chaves R., Górriz JM, et al (2009) Computer aided diagnosis of the
Alzheimer’s disease combining SPECT-based feature selection and random forest
classifier. In: IEEE nuclear science symposium conference record, IEEE

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-15-2063-1_3 13/19
04/04/2021 Overview of Machine Learning Methods in ADHD Prediction | SpringerLink

Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?


q=Ram%C3%ADrez%20J%2C%20Chaves%20R.%2C%20G%C3%B3rriz%20JM%2C%
20et%20al%20%282009%29%20Computer%20aided%20diagnosis%20of%20the%2
0Alzheimer%E2%80%99s%20disease%20combining%20SPECT-
based%20feature%20selection%20and%20random%20forest%20classifier.%20In%3
A%20IEEE%20nuclear%20science%20symposium%20conference%20record%2C%20
IEEE)
Rokach L, Maimon O (2005) Decision trees. In: Data mining and knowledge discovery
handbook. Springer, Boston, pp 165–192
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-25465-X_9)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Decision%20trees&author=L.%20Rokach&author=O.%20Maimon&pages=165-
192&publication_year=2005)
Sagar P, Prinima, Indu (2017) Analysis of prediction techniques based on classification
and regression. Int J Comput Appl 163(7):47–51
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Analysis%20of%20prediction%20techniques%20based%20on%20classification
%20and%20regression&author=P.%20Sagar&author=.%20Prinima&author=.%20Ind
u&journal=Int%20J%20Comput%20Appl&volume=163&issue=7&pages=47-
51&publication_year=2017)
Sandoval J, Echandia A (1994) Behavior assessment system for children. J Sch Psychol
32(4):419–425
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4405(94)90037-X)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Behavior%20assessment%20system%20for%20children&author=J.%20Sandova
l&author=A.%20Echandia&journal=J%20Sch%20Psychol&volume=32&issue=4&pag
es=419-425&publication_year=1994)
Sheeran M, Steele R (2017) A framework for big data technology in health and
healthcare. In: 2017 IEEE 8th annual ubiquitous computing, electronics and mobile
communication conference (UEMCON), IEEE, pp 401–407
Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?
q=Sheeran%20M%2C%20Steele%20R%20%282017%29%20A%20framework%20for
%20big%20data%20technology%20in%20health%20and%20healthcare.%20In%3A%
202017%20IEEE%208th%20annual%20ubiquitous%20computing%2C%20electronic
s%20and%20mobile%20communication%20conference%20%28UEMCON%29%2C%
20IEEE%2C%20pp%20401%E2%80%93407)
Shmilovici A (2005) Support vector machines. In: Data mining and knowledge
discovery handbook. Springer, Boston, pp 257–276
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-25465-X_12)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Support%20vector%20machines&author=A.%20Shmilovici&pages=257-
276&publication_year=2005)
Sims DM, Lonigan CJ (2012) Multi-method assessment of ADHD characteristics in
preschool children: relations between measures. Early Child Res Q 27(2):329–337
PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=22518069)
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2011.08.004)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Multi-
method%20assessment%20of%20ADHD%20characteristics%20in%20preschool%20c
hildren%3A%20relations%20between%20measures&author=DM.%20Sims&author=

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-15-2063-1_3 14/19
04/04/2021 Overview of Machine Learning Methods in ADHD Prediction | SpringerLink

CJ.%20Lonigan&journal=Early%20Child%20Res%20Q&volume=27&issue=2&pages
=329-337&publication_year=2012)
Siuly S, Zhang Y (2016) Medical big data: neurological diseases diagnosis through
medical data analysis. Data Sci Eng 1(2):54–64
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1007/s41019-016-0011-3)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Medical%20big%20data%3A%20neurological%20diseases%20diagnosis%20thr
ough%20medical%20data%20analysis&author=S.%20Siuly&author=Y.%20Zhang&jo
urnal=Data%20Sci%20Eng&volume=1&issue=2&pages=54-
64&publication_year=2016)
Smith SL, Gaughan P, Halliday DM et al (2007) Diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease using
evolutionary algorithms. Genet Program Evolvable Mach 8(4):433–447
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10710-007-9043-9)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Diagnosis%20of%20Parkinson%E2%80%99s%20disease%20using%20evolution
ary%20algorithms&author=SL.%20Smith&author=P.%20Gaughan&author=DM.%20
Halliday&journal=Genet%20Program%20Evolvable%20Mach&volume=8&issue=4&p
ages=433-447&publication_year=2007)
Talathi SS (2017) Deep recurrent neural networks for seizure detection and early
seizure detection systems. arXiv preprint arXiv:1706.03283
Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?
q=Talathi%20SS%20%282017%29%20Deep%20recurrent%20neural%20networks%2
0for%20seizure%20detection%20and%20early%20seizure%20detection%20systems.
%20arXiv%20preprint%20arXiv%3A1706.03283)
Tanner L, Schreiber M, Low JG et al (2008) Decision tree algorithms predict the
diagnosis and outcome of dengue fever in the early phase of illness. PLoS Negl Trop
Dis 2(3):e196
PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=18335069)
PubMedCentral (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2263124)
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000196)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Decision%20tree%20algorithms%20predict%20the%20diagnosis%20and%20ou
tcome%20of%20dengue%20fever%20in%20the%20early%20phase%20of%20illness
&author=L.%20Tanner&author=M.%20Schreiber&author=JG.%20Low&journal=PLo
S%20Negl%20Trop%20Dis&volume=2&issue=3&pages=e196&publication_year=200
8)
Taurines R, Schwenck C, Westerwald E et al (2012) ADHD and autism: differential
diagnosis or overlapping traits? A selective review. Atten Defic Hyperact Disord
4(3):115–139
PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=22851255)
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12402-012-0086-2)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=ADHD%20and%20autism%3A%20differential%20diagnosis%20or%20overlappi
ng%20traits%3F%20A%20selective%20review&author=R.%20Taurines&author=C.%
20Schwenck&author=E.%20Westerwald&journal=Atten%20Defic%20Hyperact%20D
isord&volume=4&issue=3&pages=115-139&publication_year=2012)
Tejeswinee K, Shomona GJ, Athilakshmi R (2017) Feature selection techniques for
prediction of neuro-degenerative disorders: a case-study with Alzheimer’s and

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-15-2063-1_3 15/19
04/04/2021 Overview of Machine Learning Methods in ADHD Prediction | SpringerLink

Parkinson’s disease. In: 7th international conference on advances in computing &


communications, Cochin, India, Elsevier, pp 188–194
Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?
q=Tejeswinee%20K%2C%20Shomona%20GJ%2C%20Athilakshmi%20R%20%28201
7%29%20Feature%20selection%20techniques%20for%20prediction%20of%20neuro-
degenerative%20disorders%3A%20a%20case-
study%20with%20Alzheimer%E2%80%99s%20and%20Parkinson%E2%80%99s%20
disease.%20In%3A%207th%20international%20conference%20on%20advances%20i
n%20computing%20%26%20communications%2C%20Cochin%2C%20India%2C%20
Elsevier%2C%20pp%20188%E2%80%93194)
van der Meer D, Hoekstra PJ, van Donkelaar M et al (2017) Predicting attention-
deficit/hyperactivity disorder severity from psychosocial stress and stress-response
genes: a random forest regression approach. Transl Psychiatry 7(6):e1145
PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=28585928)
PubMedCentral (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5537639)
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1038/tp.2017.114)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Predicting%20attention-
deficit%2Fhyperactivity%20disorder%20severity%20from%20psychosocial%20stress
%20and%20stress-
response%20genes%3A%20a%20random%20forest%20regression%20approach&aut
hor=D.%20Meer&author=PJ.%20Hoekstra&author=M.%20Donkelaar&journal=Tran
sl%20Psychiatry&volume=7&issue=6&pages=e1145&publication_year=2017)
Vyas R, Goel P, Tambe SS (2015) Genetic programming applications in chemical
sciences and engineering. In: Handbook of genetic programming applications.
Springer, Cham, pp 99–140
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20883-1_5)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Genetic%20programming%20applications%20in%20chemical%20sciences%20a
nd%20engineering&author=R.%20Vyas&author=P.%20Goel&author=SS.%20Tambe
&pages=99-140&publication_year=2015)
Vyas R, Bapat S, Goel P et al (2018) Application of genetic programming (GP)
formalism for building disease predictive models from protein-protein interactions
(PPI) data. IEEE/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinform 15(1):27–37
PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=28113781)
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1109/TCBB.2016.2621042)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Application%20of%20genetic%20programming%20%28GP%29%20formalism%
20for%20building%20disease%20predictive%20models%20from%20protein-
protein%20interactions%20%28PPI%29%20data&author=R.%20Vyas&author=S.%2
0Bapat&author=P.%20Goel&journal=IEEE%2FACM%20Trans%20Comput%20Biol%
20Bioinform&volume=15&issue=1&pages=27-37&publication_year=2018)
Wahyunggoro O, Permanasari AE, Chamsudin A (2013) Utilization of neural network
for disease forecasting. In: 59th ISI world statistics congress, pp 49–554
Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?
q=Wahyunggoro%20O%2C%20Permanasari%20AE%2C%20Chamsudin%20A%20%2
82013%29%20Utilization%20of%20neural%20network%20for%20disease%20foreca
sting.%20In%3A%2059th%20ISI%20world%20statistics%20congress%2C%20pp%20
49%E2%80%93554)

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-15-2063-1_3 16/19
04/04/2021 Overview of Machine Learning Methods in ADHD Prediction | SpringerLink

Wang J (2017) Functional connectivity analysis of resting-state fMRI data in ADHD


study, University of Alberta
Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?
q=Wang%20J%20%282017%29%20Functional%20connectivity%20analysis%20of%2
0resting-
state%20fMRI%20data%20in%20ADHD%20study%2C%20University%20of%20Albe
rta)
Wang X-H, Jiao Y, Li L (2018) Identifying individuals with attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder based on temporal variability of dynamic functional
connectivity. Sci Rep 8(1):11789
PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=30087369)
PubMedCentral (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6081414)
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-30308-w)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Identifying%20individuals%20with%20attention%20deficit%20hyperactivity%2
0disorder%20based%20on%20temporal%20variability%20of%20dynamic%20functio
nal%20connectivity&author=X-
H.%20Wang&author=Y.%20Jiao&author=L.%20Li&journal=Sci%20Rep&volume=8
&issue=1&publication_year=2018)
Wechsler D (1991) Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, (WISC-III): Manual, 3rd
edn. The Psychological Corporation, San Antonio
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Wechsler%20Intelligence%20Scale%20for%20Children&author=D.%20Wechsle
r&publication_year=1991)
Weng C-H, Huang TC-K, Han R-P (2016) Disease prediction with different types of
neural network classifiers. Telematics Inform 33(2):277–292
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2015.08.006)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Disease%20prediction%20with%20different%20types%20of%20neural%20netw
ork%20classifiers&author=C-H.%20Weng&author=TC-K.%20Huang&author=R-
P.%20Han&journal=Telematics%20Inform&volume=33&issue=2&pages=277-
292&publication_year=2016)
Werner JC, Fogarty TC (2001) Genetic programming applied to collagen disease
thrombosis. PKDD 2001 challenge on thrombosis data, Germany/Freiburg
Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?
q=Werner%20JC%2C%20Fogarty%20TC%20%282001%29%20Genetic%20program
ming%20applied%20to%20collagen%20disease%20thrombosis.%20PKDD%202001
%20challenge%20on%20thrombosis%20data%2C%20Germany%2FFreiburg)
Weyandt L, Swentosky A, Gudmundsdottir BG (2013) Neuroimaging and ADHD:
fMRI, PET, DTI findings, and methodological limitations. Dev Neuropsychol
38(4):211–225
PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=23682662)
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1080/87565641.2013.783833)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Neuroimaging%20and%20ADHD%3A%20fMRI%2C%20PET%2C%20DTI%20fi
ndings%2C%20and%20methodological%20limitations&author=L.%20Weyandt&auth
or=A.%20Swentosky&author=BG.%20Gudmundsdottir&journal=Dev%20Neuropsych
ol&volume=38&issue=4&pages=211-225&publication_year=2013)

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-15-2063-1_3 17/19
04/04/2021 Overview of Machine Learning Methods in ADHD Prediction | SpringerLink

Wise RG, Tracey I (2006) The role of fMRI in drug discovery. J Magn Reson Imaging
23(6):862–876
PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16649197)
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.20584)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=The%20role%20of%20fMRI%20in%20drug%20discovery&author=RG.%20Wise
&author=I.%20Tracey&journal=J%20Magn%20Reson%20Imaging&volume=23&issu
e=6&pages=862-876&publication_year=2006)
Worzel WP, Yu J, Almal AA et al (2009) Applications of genetic programming in
cancer research. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 41(2):405–413
PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=18929677)
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2008.09.025)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Applications%20of%20genetic%20programming%20in%20cancer%20research&
author=WP.%20Worzel&author=J.%20Yu&author=AA.%20Almal&journal=Int%20J
%20Biochem%20Cell%20Biol&volume=41&issue=2&pages=405-
413&publication_year=2009)
Wu CC, Yeh WC, Hsu WD et al (2019) Prediction of fatty liver disease using machine
learning algorithms. Comput Methods Prog Biomed 170:23–29
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2018.12.032)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Prediction%20of%20fatty%20liver%20disease%20using%20machine%20learni
ng%20algorithms&author=CC.%20Wu&author=WC.%20Yeh&author=WD.%20Hsu&j
ournal=Comput%20Methods%20Prog%20Biomed&volume=170&pages=23-
29&publication_year=2019)
Yahyaoui A, Yumuşak N (2018) Decision support system based on the support vector
machines and the adaptive support vector machines algorithm for solving chest
disease diagnosis problems. Biomed Res 29(7):1474–1480
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.4066/biomedicalresearch.29-17-3594)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Decision%20support%20system%20based%20on%20the%20support%20vector
%20machines%20and%20the%20adaptive%20support%20vector%20machines%20al
gorithm%20for%20solving%20chest%20disease%20diagnosis%20problems&author=
A.%20Yahyaoui&author=N.%20Yumu%C5%9Fak&journal=Biomed%20Res&volume=
29&issue=7&pages=1474-1480&publication_year=2018)
Yasumura A, Omori M, Fukuda A et al (2017) Applied machine learning method to
predict children with ADHD using prefrontal cortex activity: a multicenter study in
Japan. J Atten Disord. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054717740632
(https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054717740632)
Zhang J, Xu J, Hu X et al (2017) Diagnostic method of diabetes based on support
vector machine and tongue images. Biomed Res Int 2017:7961494
PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?
cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=28133611)
PubMedCentral (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5241479)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Diagnostic%20method%20of%20diabetes%20based%20on%20support%20vect
or%20machine%20and%20tongue%20images&author=J.%20Zhang&author=J.%20X
u&author=X.%20Hu&journal=Biomed%20Res%20Int&volume=2017&publication_ye
ar=2017)

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-15-2063-1_3 18/19
04/04/2021 Overview of Machine Learning Methods in ADHD Prediction | SpringerLink

Zou L, Zheng J, Miao C et al (2017) 3D CNN based automatic diagnosis of attention


deficit hyperactivity disorder using functional and structural MRI. IEEE Access
5:23626–23636
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2762703)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=3D%20CNN%20based%20automatic%20diagnosis%20of%20attention%20defic
it%20hyperactivity%20disorder%20using%20functional%20and%20structural%20M
RI&author=L.%20Zou&author=J.%20Zheng&author=C.%20Miao&journal=IEEE%20
Access&volume=5&pages=23626-23636&publication_year=2017)

Copyright information
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020

About this chapter


Cite this chapter as:
Sethu N., Vyas R. (2020) Overview of Machine Learning Methods in ADHD Prediction. In: Vyas R. (eds)
Advances in Bioengineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2063-1_3

First Online 12 May 2020


DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2063-1_3
Publisher Name Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN 978-981-15-2062-4
Online ISBN 978-981-15-2063-1
eBook Packages Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedical and Life Sciences (R0)

Buy this book on publisher's site


Reprints and Permissions

Personalised recommendations

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Part of Springer Nature.

Not logged in Not affiliated 177.105.180.162

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-15-2063-1_3 19/19

You might also like