Name: Lujain Mohammed Alsyouf

ID: 20100429

Section: 1

Course: 2

Experiment: 1

Enthalpy Change"
"Of Reaction

:Aim
To measure using a calorimeter the enthalpy change accompanying the
:following displacement reaction

Zn (s) + Cu2+ (aq) → Cu (s) + Zn2+ (aq)

:Introduction
As we know every chemical reaction that accompanied with change is also
accompanied by a change in energy usually in the form of heat. We call the
energy change of a reaction that occurs at constant pressure the "heat of
reaction" or the "enthalpy change", and ΔH is a symbol that denotes the
.enthalpy change

Actually by knowing the amount of ΔH we can determine while the

:reaction is exothermic or endothermic

- If (ΔH  0) , heat is evolved, the reaction is exothermic

- . If (ΔH  0) ,heat is absorbed, the reaction is endothermic

In this experiment we are going to know the amount of the enthalpy change
by adding the excess of zinc into a measured amount of CuSO4 (aq) using
the calorimeter which is in facet a thermally insulated vessel and if the
calorimeter was perfect, no heat would be radiated to the laboratory. In our
experiment the calorimeter is going to be consist of two Styrofoam cups
.nested together, corrugated cardboard and a thermometer

:To calculate the enthalpy change ΔH

ΔH = – (heat capacity of the calorimeter + heat capacity of content) 

ΔT However, we will assume here that no heat is gained by the
:calorimeter and no heat is lost to the laboratory. Therefore

ΔH ≈ – (heat capacity of content)  ΔT

ΔH = – mwater  cwater  ΔT

ΔT: is the difference between the final and initial temperatures: ΔT = Tf

– Ti.

mwater is the mass of water and cwater is the specific heat of water which
.equals to 4.18 J/goC

c is known as the specific heat; it is defined as the amount of heat

.required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance 1oC

:Results, calculations and discussion

Time Temp./ Time Time/ Temp./ Time/ Time/ Temp./
o o o
/ C / Temp./ min C min Temp./ min C
min min o
C o
C
0.0 22 6.0 37 12.0 50 18.0 46 24.0 42
0.5 22 6.5 44 12.5 50 18.5 45 24.5 41
1.0 22 7.0 48 13.0 50 19.0 45 25.0 41
1.5 22 7.5 51 13.5 50 19.5 45 25.5 40
2.0 22 8.0 54 14.0 49 20.0 44 26.0 40
2.5 22 8.5 57 14.5 49 20.5 44 26.5 40
3.0 22 9.0 62 15.0 49 21.0 43 27.0 40
3.5 23 9.5 60 15.5 48 21.5 43 27.5 39
4.0 34 10.0 55 16.0 47 22.0 43 28.0 39
4.5 35 10.5 53 16.5 47 22.5 43 28.5 38
5.0 36 11.0 51 17.0 47 23.0 42 29.0 37
5.5 37 11.5 51 17.5 46 23.5 42 29.5 36

1. ΔT determined from your curve ( 62- 22 )= 40 oC

2. Heat gained by solution (25.0 g  4.18 J/goC  ΔT oC)

25.0 g  4.18 J/goC x 40 oC= 4180 J

3. The number of moles of CuSO4 in 25.0 mL

of 1.00 M CuSO4.
M x V= 1 mol/L x 0.025 L= 0.025 mol

4. Heat released per mole of CuSO4 (and Zn) [(2)/(3)] x10 ^-3
( 4180J /0.025mol) x 10^-3= -167.2KJ/mol or -1.7 x 10^ 2 kJ/mol

5. Complete the thermochemical equation:

Zn (s) + Cu2+ (aq) → Cu (s) + Zn2+ (aq) ΔH = -167.2 KJ/mol

6. Compare your result with the accepted value of –217 kJ/mol by calculating
the percentage error in your answer:
% Error = │[(experimental value – accepted value)/accepted value]│  100%.

(-167.2-(-217) )/-217= 22.9%

7. What are the main sources of error in this experiment?

.Heat released to the atmosphere.1

.Errors in taking the readings.2

Heat gained by calorimeter .3

:Points to discuss

As we noticed the enthalpy change (ΔH)= -167.2 and that means the -
.following reaction is an exothermic reaction

Zn (s) + Cu2+ (aq) → Cu (s) + Zn2+ (aq)

There is a heat gained by calorimeter (the coffee cups) which can make an -
.error

:Conclusion
In the end of the end of the experiment we could determine the enthalpy
:change that accompanied any chemical reaction, as follow

Zn (s) + Cu2+ (aq) → Cu (s) + Zn2+ (aq) ΔH = -167.2

Because ΔH = -167.2 <0, we can conclude that the upper reaction is an

.exothermic reaction