Aquino, Jerome M.

Q371-HYDRAULICS
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DAMS IN THE PHILIPPINES

1. SAN ROQUE DAM

The San Roque Multipurpose

Project is one of the largest dam
projects in Asia. The dam was
constructed on the Agno River in the
northern Philippines for four main
objectives: electricity generation (345
megawatt capacity), irrigation of
87,000 hectares of land, flood control,
and water quality improvements. The
San Roque reservoir has a large
holding capacity of 525 million cu. m.
active storage and 120 million cu. m.
flood surcharge where inflow during
heavy rains are stored and gradually released downstream. This attenuates the perennial
flooding of the river. The reservoir’s substantial dead storage serves as a settling basin by
trapping sediments transported by the runoff of typhoons or the tailings generated by
unregulated small-scale mining activities upstream. The deposition of these sediments greatly
improves water quality for downstream irrigation.

2. MAGAT DAM

Magat Dam is a large rock-fill

dam in the island of Luzon in the
Philippines. The dam is located along
the Magat River, a major tributary of
Cagayan River. The construction of
the dam started in 1975 and was
completed in 1982. It is one of the
largest dams in the Philippines. It is a
multi-purpose dam which is used
primarily for irrigating about 85,000
hectares (210,000 acres) of
agricultural lands,[1] flood control, and
power generation through the Magat
Hydroelectric Power Plant. The water stored in the reservoir is enough to supply about two
months of normal energy requirements.

3. ANGAT DAM

The Angat Dam is a rockfill

dam with a spillway equipped with
three gates at a spilling level of 212
meters. It supplies 98 percent of Metro
Manila’s water needs with a storage
capacity of about 850 million cubic
meters. Water supply to the MWSS is
released through five auxiliary turbines
where it is diverted to the two tunnels
going to the Ipo Dam. Every second,
the dam releases 46 cubic meters of
water (CMS). Angat usually stores
enough water to give the city a 30-day worth of supply. This supply can be severely affected
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during droughts caused by El Niño. When Angat Dam breaches its critical level mark of 160
meters, raw water allocation for Metro Manila may be reduced within 36 to 40 CMS.

4. PANTABANGAN DAM

Located in the northern part of

Nueva Ecija, Pantabangan then was a
small village at the foot of Mount
Mabilog below Mount Dalimanok which
are found between the Sierra Madre
and Caraballo Mountain ranges. In
February 1996, the then President
Fidel V. Ramos led the groundbreaking
ceremony of the Casecnan Transbasin
Project, a 27-kilometer underground
tunnel from the Casecnan River in
Nueva Vizcaya to a terminal point at
the Pantabangan reservoir and was
commissioned on December 11, 2001. The Project aims to augment the capacity of the Dam to
irrigate an additional 50,000 hectares of agricultural land and generate an additional 140
megawatts of hydroelectric power for the Luzon grid. The Pantabangan Dam, the cleanest in the
country and acclaimed as the second largest dam in Asia generates 112 megawatts of
hydroelectric power and supplies the irrigation requirements of about 77,000 hectares of
agricultural lands in Central Luzon.

5. BINGA DAM

Binga Dam is a dam in Agno River

connected to a hydroelectric power
plant situated at Barrio Binga,
Barangay Tinongdan in the
municipality of Itogon in Benguet
province of the Philippines.Binga dam,
located 19 km downstream from
Ambuklao, is a rock-fill dam with an
inclined clay core. At a height of 107.4
m, the dam crest elevation is 586 masl,
and the dam originally impounded a
volume of 95 Mm3. The maximum and
minimum operating levels of the
reservoir are 575 and 566 masl respectively.
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DAMS IN OTHER COUNTRIES

1. THREE GORGES DAM (CHINA)

Three Gorges Dam, dam on the

Yangtze River (Chang Jiang) just west
of the city of Yichang in Hubei
province, China. When construction of
the dam officially began in 1994, it was
the largest engineering project in
China. At the time of its completion in
2006, it was the largest dam structure
in the world. A straight-crested
concrete gravity structure, the Three
Gorges Dam is 2,335 meters (7,660
feet) long with a maximum height of
185 meters (607 feet). It incorporates
28 million cubic meters (37 million cubic yards) of concrete and 463,000 metric tons of steel into
its design.

2. TARBELA DAM (PAKISTAN)

Tarbela Dam, giant rock-fill dam on the

Indus River, Pakistan. Built between
1968 and 1976, it has a volume of
138,600,000 cubic yards (106,000,000
cubic m). With a reservoir capacity of
11,098,000 acre-feet (13,690,000,000
cubic m), the dam is 469 feet (143 m)
high and 8,997 feet (2,743 m) wide at
its crest. Tarbela Dam is one of two
main structures (the other is Mangla
Dam on the Jhelum River) in the Indus
Basin project, which resulted from the
Indus Waters Agreement between
India and Pakistan. Together with their subsidiary dams, Tarbela and Mangla were built to
control seasonal fluctuations on the Indus River.

3. SYNCRUDE TAILINGS DAM

(CANADA)
Syncrude Tailings Dam is a dam that
is, material volume, is one of the
largest dam in the world with 540
million m³ .2 It is located near Fort
McMurray, Alberta, Canada. The dam
and lake made with tailings materials
within it are part of ongoing operations
of Syncrude Canada Ltd. in the
extraction of oil from the Athabasca tar
sands. The Syncrude tailings dam is a
dam used to store tailings left the oil
extraction process in place. As part of
the extraction process and bulky
amounts of waste are produced as waste products. Some of this material is solid, and
contributes to the construction of the dam. Another material is in liquid form and is stored in a
containment pond within the boundaries of the dam. As regards the year 2008, are produced
daily half a million tons of tailings in the dam.
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4. FORT PECK DAM (USA)

Fort Peck Dam, dam on the Missouri

River, northeastern Montana, U.S. The
dam is situated some 32 km (20 miles)
southeast of Glasgow. A Public Works
Administration project begun in 1933
and completed in 1940, it provides flood
control, improved navigation, and
hydroelectric power. This is one of the
Old Dam and constructed in 1933 to
1940, the Structure volume of the dam
is around 96 million cubic meters and
its Height of the dam structure is 76.4
meters. Fort Peck Dam creates Fort Peck Lake with the Surface of 245,000 acres.

5. ATATURK DAM (Turkey)

Ataturk Dam, dam on the Euphrates

River in southeastern Turkey, the
centerpiece of the Southeastern
Anatolia Project. The Ataturk Dam is
the largest in a series of 22 dams and
19 hydroelectric stations built on the
Euphrates and Tigris rivers in the
1980s and ’90s in order to provide
irrigation water and hydroelectricity to
arid southeastern Turkey. Completed
in 1990, the Ataturk Dam is one of the
world’s largest earth-and-rock fill dams,
with an embankment 604 feet (184
meters) high and 5,971 feet (1,820 meters) long. Water impounded by the dam is fed to power-
generating units at Şanlıurfa that have a capacity of 2,400 megawatts. From there the water is
gravity-fed to vast irrigation networks in the Harran Plain and elsewhere in the vicinity.

6. GURI DAM (Venezuela)

Guri Dam, officially Embalse Raúl

Leoni, hydroelectric project and
reservoir on the Caroní River, Bolívar
State, eastern Venezuela, on the site
of the former village of Guri
(submerged by the reservoir), near the
former mouth of the Guri River. The
first stage of the facility was completed
in 1969 as a 348-foot- (106-metre-)
high earth and rockfill dam with a crest
length of 2,264 feet (690 m) and an
installed electrical capacity of 1,750
megawatts, housed in a powerhouse in
a central concrete gravity section of the dam. The dam’s height was increased to 531 feet (162
m), and both wings were extended, increasing the crest length to 37,222 feet (11,409 m). The
total projected hydroelectric capacity is 10,300 megawatts, making the facility one of the largest
in the world.
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7. GARDINER DAM (Canada)

Gardniner Dam is built on South

Saskatchewan River. The dam
constructed on 1959 to 1967. The dam
has a width of 1.5 km with height of 64
meters at its base, the Volume of the
Structure is about 65.4 million cubic
meters. The dam was created to better
use the water resources of the South
Saskatchewan River for irrigation,
recreation, urban water supply and
electrical power. It was officially
opened in 1967.

8. MANGLA DAM (Pakistan)

Mangla Dam, embankment dam on the

Jhelum River near Jhelum, Pakistan.
Mangla Dam, completed in 1967, is
one of the main structures in the Indus
Basin Project (another is Tarbela
Dam). When it was completed, the
dam structure rose 453 feet (138
meters) above ground level, was about
10,300 feet (3,140 meters) wide at its
crest, and had a volume of 85.5 million
cubic yards (65.4 million cubic meters).
Along with its three small subsidiary
dams, it had an initial installed power capacity of at least 600 megawatts, which was increased
to 1,000 megawatts in the mid-1990s. Although its impounded reservoir originally had a gross
capacity of about 5.9 million acre-feet (about 7.3 billion cubic meters), the amount of water
impounded gradually diminished because of silting. A five-year project, completed in 2009,
raised the height of the dam by 30 feet (9 meters), raising its storage capacity to some 7.4
million acre-feet (9.13 billion cubic meters).

9. OROVILLE DAM (USA)

Oroville Dam, earth-fill dam on the

Feather River, California, U.S.
Completed by the state of California in
1968, it is the highest dam in the
United States and one of the highest
embankment dams in the world. The
dam, 770 feet (235 meters) high and
6,920 feet (2,109 meters) long at its
crest, has a volume of about
78,000,000 cubic yards (59,635,000
cubic meters) and forms a reservoir of
some 3,500,000 acre-feet
(4,300,000,000 cubic meters) capacity.
The first and key unit of the Feather River project, which serves extensive areas in central and
southern California hundreds of miles distant, Oroville Dam provides irrigation water, flood
control, and some three billion kilowatt-hours of power.

10. OAHE DAM (USA)

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Oahe Dam is a power, irrigation, recreation, and flood-control project 5 miles (8 km) north of
Pierre has impounded the 231 mile (372-km) Lake Oahe along the Missouri River between
Pierre and Bismarck, North Dakota. The Oahe Dam is a largest dam and creates four artificial
reservoirs. The dam’s construction begun in 1948.its height is about 75000 cubic meters, length
372 kilometres and the structured volume 1,122,000 cubic yards. The power plant provides
electricity for much of the north-central United States.