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Voltage Regulation by MMF
Voltage Regulation by MMF
APPARATUS:-
Machines Rating
3 Phase 415V, 50 Hz, 3 KVA, 4.2 A, 1500 rpm,
Synchronous
Motor
DC Shunt 230V, 19 Amp, 1500 rpm
Generator
THEORY: In indirect loading test of the alternator the load is not actually connected to the
alternator. It uses the information from OCC and SCC of an Alternator. There are 3 methods of
indirect loading – emf, mmf and zpf method.
In mmf method the armature resistance (Ra) of the alternator is neglected and only mmf
or AT (excitation) is considered for the calculation of generated emf. From emf equation of an
alternator
Zs = Ra + j Xs
If = I’f + I”f ---------------------------- ( Vector Sum )
Here I’f is the field excitation required to produce rated voltage on open circuit. I”f is the filed
excitation required to circulate armature rection drop. This current corresponds to full load short
circuit current.
MMF method provides the result less than the actual value. So it is also called as optimistic
method.
For large alternators generally Ra is very small compared with Xs. So it can be neglected.
So Zs = Xs = Xa
We know that
PROCEDURE:
1. Plot OCC & SCC of an alternator by using the data from Synchronous impedance
method.
2. Find field excitation (I’f) required to produce full rated voltage on open circuit side form
OCC. (I’f)
3. Find field excitation (I”f) required to produce full load current on short circuit form
SCC . (I”f)
4. Find vector sum of I’f and I”f .( If = I’f + I”f) ( Phasor Addition)
5. Find the voltage from OCC corresponding to calculated If which is your Eph . And
Vph is rated voltage of an alternator.
RESULT TABLE :
FROM CALCULATION
Power factor
I’f (A) I”f (A) If (A) Eph (V) % Regulation
08. lag
Unity
0.8 lead
FROM GRAPH
Power factor
I”f (A) I”f (A) If (A) Eph (V) % Regulation
08. lag
Unity
0.8 lead
CONCLUSION : From the MMF method we can calculate the Regulation of an alternator .
And the regulation values are much lower side than that of impedance method . So we conclude
that MMF method is much optimistic method.
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