Mathematics in the Modern World
Nature of Mathematics
Mathematics
➢ The science that deals with the logic
of shape, quantity and arrangement.
➢ The science of structure, order, and
relation that has evolved from
elemental practices of counting,
measuring, and describing the shapes
of objects.
Where is Mathematics?
➢ Mathematics can be found
everywhere!
➢ Science, business, the arts and nature
all contain elements of mathematics
Characteristics of
Mathematics
CLASSIFICATION
➢ Generates a series of mental relations
through which objects are grouped
according to similarities and
differences depending on specific
criteria such as shape, color, size, etc.
LOGICAL SEQUENCE
➢ Ideas in mathematics need to flow in
an order that makes sense.
STRUCTURE
➢ The structure on a mathematical set
will allow mathematicians to study the
set further and find its relationship
with other objects
PRECISION AND ACCURACY
▪ Accuracy
➢ How close a measured value is to the
total actual (true) values
▪ Precision
➢ How close the measured values are to
each other
MATHEMATICAL LANGUAGE AND SYMBOLISM
➢ The system used by mathematicians
to communicate mathematical ideas
using symbols instead of words.
ABSTRACT
➢ Abstraction the process of extracting
the underlying essence of
mathematical concepts by taking
away any dependence on real-world
objects.
➢ Deal with quantitative relations and
spatial form and their interrelationships
with one another.
APPLICABILITY
➢ The applicability of mathematics can
lie anywhere on a spectrum from the
completely simple (trivial) to the
utterly complex (mysterious)
➢ Mathematics can be used in all fields
of human endeavour
GENERALIZATION
➢ The process of finding and singling out
(of properties) in a whole class of
similar objects

Nature of Mathematics
A SCIENCE OF MEASURES
➢ Measurement is an integral part of
modern science as well as of
engineering commerce, and daily life.
➢ Average weight of garbage from a
community, a kilowatt usage of
electricity of a household, etc.
AN INTELLECTUAL GAME
➢ Require significant intelligence and
cognitive effort.
➢ Discovering patterns
➢ Visualization
THE ART OF DRAWING CONCLUSIONS
➢ Reasoning
➢ Proof
➢ Generalization
A TOOL SUBJECT
➢ Mathematics is applied on the fields of
engineering, theoretical and applied
physics, astronomy, aeronautics,
architecture, geology, and geodetic
survey.
Fibonacci Sequence
➢ Invented by Italian Leonardo Pisano
Bigollo (1180-1250)
➢ A set of numbers that starts with a
one or a zero followed by rule that
each number (called a Fibonacci
number) is equal to the sum of the
preceding two numbers.
➢ The rule is xn = xn – 1 + xn – 2
Golden Ratio (phi)
➢ Ratio between two consecutive digits
of Fibonacci series is close to the
Golden Ratio (1.618)
The Language of
Mathematics
➢ Uses symbols to communicate
mathematical ideas.
➢ Digits, symbol for operations, special
symbols
Expressions VS. Equations
EXPRESSIONS

A SYSTEM OF LOGICAL PROCEDURES ➢ Numbers, symbols and operators

grouped together that show the value
➢ Problem solving of something
MATHEMATICS AS A SCIENCE OF PATTERNS Numerical
➢ Connotes order, regularity, and ▪ 2+3
lawfulness ▪ 5 (8) – 4
➢ Natural or man-made
➢ Patterns of counting, measuring, Variable
reasoning, motion, shape etc. ▪ X+7
▪ 8 – 3y
EQUATIONS ▪ Increased By
▪ Add
➢ An equation is a statement that
▪ Sum
asserts the equality of two
▪ More Than
expressions.
▪ Added To
Numerical ▪ In All
▪ Make
▪ 2+3=5
▪ 4 + 2 (3) = 10 Subtraction (-)

Variable ▪ Subtract
▪ Gave
▪ X – 4 = 13
▪ Take away
▪ 11 = 3 + 2m
▪ Decrease by
INEQUALITIES ▪ Fewer
▪ Minus
➢ An inequality is a relation which makes
▪ Shared
a non-equal comparison between two
▪ Fewer than
numbers or other mathematical
▪ Less than
expressions.
▪ Difference
Numerical ▪ Less

▪ 9–5>3 Multiplication (x)

Variable ▪ Times
▪ Double
▪ 6y – 4 < 8
▪ Triple
Open Sentences have solutions and can be ▪ Product
solved. ▪ Multiplied by
▪ Of
How to Translate Words into ▪ Increased by a factor
▪ Twice
Expressions ▪ Multiple
Division (÷)
WORDS AND PHRASES TO MATH SYMBOLS
▪ Quotient of
Addition (+)
▪ Per
▪ Plus ▪ Ratio of
▪ And ▪ Divided by
▪ Total of ▪ Half
▪ Altogether ▪ Divisor
▪ Combined ▪ Divided into
▪ Together ▪ Percent
 ▪ Split up 4 less than 3 times t
Equals (=) • 3t -4
▪ Is Five times the sum of y and 4
▪ Are
• 5(y+4)
▪ Were
▪ Was 5 less than twice the sum of four and x is 20
▪ Will be
• 2 (4+x) – 5 = 20
▪ Yields
▪ Sold for Seven more than x is more than twice the
difference of x and 5
Parenthesis Words ()
• X + 7 > 2(x-5)
▪ The quantity of
▪ Twice the sum of The quotient of x and 4 is six less than the
▪ Times the sum of product of 5 and x
▪ Times the difference of
• x/4 = 5x – 6
▪ Plus the difference of
Eight less than x is less than four less x
EXAMPLES:
• x–8<4–x
▪ 5 more than x x+5
▪ 5 is more than x 5>x
▪ 5 less than x x–5
▪ 5 subtracted from x x–5
▪ 5 is less than x 5<x
WRITE THE FOLLOWING IN MATHEMATICAL
EXPRESSIONS
45 subtract y
• 45 – y
The product of 5 and p
• 5p
50 decreased by a number x
• 50 – x
3 added to the product of 5 and n
• 5n + 3
The quotient of 7 and a number x less 2
• 7 / x-2