1

1 Aqueous ethanoic acid has chemical properties which are typical of acids.

Describe two chemical properties of aqueous ethanoic acid.

1 ...............................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

2 ...............................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

2 Methanol reacts with propanoic acid to form an ester with a molecular formula C4H8O2.

(a) Name the ester formed when methanol reacts with propanoic acid.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Name one other substance formed when methanol reacts with propanoic acid.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Draw the structure of an ester which is a structural isomer of the ester named in (a).
Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.

[3]

(d) State the conditions needed to form an ester from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 6]

3 The structure of compound S is shown.

H
O H
H C
C C C

C C O
H C O H

H
 2

(a) Draw a circle around the carboxylic acid functional group in this structure.
[1]

(b) How many different types of atom are shown in this structure?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 2]

4 Carboxylic acids react with alcohols to form esters. The reaction is reversible.

The equation for the reaction between ethanoic acid and ethanol is shown.

CH3COOH + CH3CH2OH ⇌ CH3COOCH2CH3 + H2O

(a) What is the name of the ester formed in this reaction?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Draw the structure of the ester formed. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.

[1]

[Total: 2]

5 Alcohols react with carboxylic acids to produce esters.

(a) The structure of ester X is shown.

O
H C H H

O C C H

H H

Name ester X.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]
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(b) Give the name of the carboxylic acid and the alcohol that react together to produce ester X.

carboxylic acid ..................................................................................................................

alcohol .............................................................................................................................. [2]

(c) Ester Y is different from ester X but also has the formula C3H6O2.

Draw the structure of ester Y. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.

[2]

[Total: 5]

6 Ethanoic acid, CH3COOH, reacts with methanol to form an ester.

(a) State two conditions required for this reaction.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................ [2]

(b) Draw the structure of the ester formed when ethanoic acid reacts with methanol. Show all of
the atoms and all of the bonds. Name the ester.

structure

name ................................................................................................................................. [3]

(c) Name an ester which is a structural isomer of the ester in (b).

........................................................................................................................................... [1]
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[Total: 6]

7 Lactic acid can build up in muscle cells during exercise.

The structure of lactic acid is shown.

COOH

H C OH

CH3

(a) On the structure, draw a circle around the carboxylic acid functional group.
[1]

(b) Deduce the molecular formula of lactic acid showing the number of carbon, hydrogen and
oxygen atoms.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 2]

8 Ethanoic acid has a carboxylic acid functional group.

Draw the structure of the carboxylic acid functional group. Show all of the atoms and all of the
bonds.

[1]

[Total: 1]

9 The structure of compound P is shown.

compound P

H H H

H C C C C COOH

H H H
 5

(a) Compound P has a –COOH functional group.

Draw the structure of the –COOH functional group. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.

[1]

(b) What effect would compound P have on litmus solution?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 2]

10 Ethanol can be oxidised to ethanoic acid.

(a) Name an oxidising agent which can be used to oxidise ethanol to ethanoic acid.

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Draw the structure of ethanoic acid. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.

[1]

[Total: 3]

11 Propan-1-ol is an alcohol.

The structure of propan-1-ol is shown.

H H H

H C C C O H

H H H

Propan-1-ol reacts with ethanoic acid to form an ester.

Give the name of the ester formed in this reaction.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
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12 Ester Y has the structure shown.

H
H C H
H H O

H C C C O C H

H H H

ester Y

(a) Give the molecular formula of ester Y.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Draw the structures of the carboxylic acid and the alcohol used to make ester Y. Show all of
the atoms and all of the bonds. Give the name of the carboxylic acid and the alcohol.

structure of the carboxylic acid

name of the carboxylic acid...............................................................................................

structure of the alcohol

name of the alcohol........................................................................................................... [4]

[Total: 5]
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13 Many organic compounds, such as alcohols, carboxylic acids and esters, contain the elements
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen only.

Compounds T and V both have the molecular formula C3H6O2.

• Compound T produces bubbles of carbon dioxide gas when it is added to aqueous

sodium carbonate.
• Compound V is an ester.

Draw the structures of compounds T and V. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.

compound T

compound V

[2]

[Total: 2]

14 The structure shows an ester.

CH3 CH2 CH2 C

O CH2 CH3

Write the word equation for a reaction which could be used to make this ester.

.................................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 3]

15 Ethanoic acid reacts with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst. The products are an organic
compound and water.
 8

(a) Draw the structure of the organic compound formed. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.

[2]

(b) State the name of the organic compound formed.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Which homologous series does the organic compound formed belong to?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 4]

16 Ethanol can be oxidised to ethanoic acid.

State the chemical reagent needed to oxidise ethanol to ethanoic acid.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

17 Ethanoic acid reacts with sodium hydroxide.

What type of reaction is this?

Put a circle around the correct answer.

neutralisation oxidation polymerisation reduction

[1]

[Total: 1]

18
(a) Complete the structure of ethanoic acid to show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.
O

C C

[2]

(b) Give one observation when aqueous ethanoic acid reacts with magnesium.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]
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[Total: 3]

19 Ethanoic acid is a weak acid.

(a) When referring to an acid, what is meant by the term weak?

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Describe how you could show that ethanoic acid is a weaker acid than hydrochloric acid.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 4]

20 Carboxylic acids react with alcohols to make esters.

The structure of an ester is shown.

H H O
H C C C H H H H

H H O C C C C H

H H H H

(a) Draw the structure of the carboxylic acid from which this ester can be made.

Name this carboxylic acid. ................................................................................................ [2]

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(b) Draw the structure of the alcohol from which this ester can be made.

Name this alcohol. ............................................................................................................ [2]

[Total: 4]

21 Ethanol can be oxidised to form ethanoic acid.

(a) Name a suitable oxidising agent for this reaction.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) A molecule of ethanoic acid has the structure shown.

H O
H C C

H O H

Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement in ethanoic acid.
Show outer shell electrons only.

H O

H C C

H O H

[3]

[Total: 4]

22 Ethane-1,2-diol has the following structure.

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H H

H O C C O H

H H

(a) Write the empirical formula of ethane-1,2-diol.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Ethane-1,2-diol can undergo condensation polymerisation but cannot undergo addition
polymerisation.

Explain why ethane-1,2-diol cannot undergo addition polymerisation.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Ethane-1,2-diol undergoes condensation polymerisation with molecule Y.

The diagrams represent the structures of ethane-1,2-diol and molecule Y.

O O

H O O H H O C C O H

ethane-1,2-diol molecule Y

Draw the condensation polymer formed between ethane-1,2-diol and molecule Y.

Show one repeat unit. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds in the linkage.

[3]

(d) Name the type of condensation polymer formed between ethane-1,2-diol and molecule Y.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 6]