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Module 01 - Basic Pressure
Module 01 - Basic Pressure
Module 01 - Basic Pressure
Module 1
Basic Pressure
Hydrostatic Pressure
= .
Force
Pressure =
Area
Force
Area
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7.48 pound 1
1 ppg = x x
144 in ft
0.052 Psi
1 ft = 12 in, or 1 ft = 144 in Psi
1 ppg = 0.052
ft
/ = .
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Exercise 1.4.
What is the pressure gradient (psi/ft) for 1.1 SG fluid?
Answer :
Pressure Gradient = 1.1 x 0.433 = 0.4763 psi/ft
1-3%
PSI
Surface Line
25-35%
PSI 5-10%
PSI
Drill String
Annulus
50-65%
PSI
Bit (Nozzle)
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SIDP
SICP
o Static BHP =
0.052 x MW x TVD
BHP
FP
SIDP
SICP
o Static BHP =
0.052 x MW x TVD
o Dynamic BHP =
0.052 x MW x TVD + Annular Friction Losses
APL
BHP
FP
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o Static BHP =
0.052 x MW x TVD
o Dynamic BHP =
0.052 x MW x TVD + Annular Friction Losses
o BHP Tripping in Hole =
0.052 x MW x TVD + Surge Pressure
Surge
BHP
FP
o Static BHP =
0.052 x MW x TVD
o Dynamic BHP =
0.052 x MW x TVD + Annular Friction Losses
o BHP Tripping In Hole =
Swab 0.052 x MW x TVD + Surge Pressure
o BHP Tripping Out Hole =
0.052 x MW x TVD - Swabbing
BHP
FP
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SIDP SICP
o Static BHP =
0.052 x MW x TVD
o Dynamic BHP =
0.052 x MW x TVD + Annular Friction Losses
o BHP tripping in hole =
0.052 x MW x TVD + Surge Pressure
o BHP tripping out hole =
0.052 x MW x TVD - Swab Pressure
o BHP when the well is shut in :
BHP
BHP in Drilling string =
FP 0.052 x MW x TVD + SIDP
BHP in Annulus =
0.052 x MW x TVD + HSP Influx + SICP
Exercise
Exercise 1.5 (Static)
What is the hydrostatic pressure at the bottom of a well which
has a fluid density of 9.2 ppg, a TVD of 6,130 ft ?
Answer :
BHP = 0.052 x MW x TVD
= 0.052 x 9.2 x 6,130
= 2,932 psi
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Exercise
Exercise 1.6 (Dynamic)
Hole depth = 9,000’MD/8,500’TVD. Current mud weight is 9.2
ppg. Annular pressure loss = 400 psi. What is the bottom hole
pressure of a well.
Answer :
BHP = 0.052 x MW x TVD + APL
= 0.052 x 9.2 x 8,500 + 400
= 4,466 psi
Exercise
Exercise 1.7 (Shut in)
The well is shut in with 450 psi, Current mud weight = 11.5 ppg,
Well depth = 8,000’MD / 7,500’TVD. What is the formation
pressure, psi?
Answer :
FP = BHP = 0.052 x MW x TVD + SIDP
= 0.052 x 11.5 x 7,500 + 450
= 4,935 psi
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Formation Characteristics
Pressure
Slow
Time
Shale & Clay: Porosity but Permeability
Formation pressure or pore pressure (FP) is the pressure exerted
by naturally occurring fluids which are trapped in the pore spaces
of the formation.
Fresh Water
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Formation Pressure
Formation pressure or pore pressure (FP) is the pressure exerted
by naturally occurring fluids which are trapped in the pore spaces
of the formation.
Formation Pressure
Formation pressure or pore pressure (FP) is the pressure exerted
by naturally occurring fluids which are trapped in the pore spaces
of the formation.
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Formation Pressure
Formation pressure or pore pressure (FP) is the pressure exerted
by naturally occurring fluids which are trapped in the pore spaces
of the formation.
SIWHP
Exercise 1.8
The following formation has been gathered from
a gas well?
Well depth , TVD 6,120 ft
Well depth, MD 12,200 ft
Formation gradient, 0.572 psi/ft
Hydrostatic
Gas gradient, 0.0707 psi/ft Pressure
Calculate the shut in surface pressure?
Answer
SIWP = FP – HP
SIWP = 0.572 x 6120 – 0.0707x 6120 Formation Pressure
SIWP = 3,067.956 psi
SIWP = FP - HP
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Exercise
Exercise 1.9
2500 psi
Oil Well with data:
0 psi
SIWHP = 2,500 psi
Oil density = 7.0 ppg
Depth of top perforation = 9,500 ft
What is Formation Pressure?
7 ppg, Oil
9500
Answer :
FP = 0.052 x 7 x 9,500 + 2,500 = 5,958 psi
10,000 ft
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Buoyancy Factor
FG = Force of gravity
FG = m x g
Legend :
o m = Mass (kg)
o g = Gravity (9.81 m/s2)
o V = Volume (m3 )
o D = Density (kg/m3)
FB = Force of buoyancy
FB = V x D x g
FB FG FG FB FB = FG
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Continued...
Exercise 1.7.
40 kilogram square wooden with dimension : 0.75L x 0.25W x 1H
(meters). Assuming ordinary gravity and water with ordinary density,
1,000 kg/m 3 and 9.81 m/s2. How is condition of square wooden in the
water ?
Answer :
FB = V x m x g
(0.75 x 0.25 x 1) x 1,000 x 9.81 = 1,839.375 N
FG = m x g
40 x 9.81 = 392.4 N
FB FG
Continued...
Buoyancy Factor is the factor that is used to compensate
loss of weight due to immersion in drilling fluid
String Weight (in mud) = String Weight (in air) x Buoyancy Factor
. Weight
Buoyancy Factor =
.
Note : 65.4 ppg is density of steel
Exercise 1.8.
A drillstring weight 180,000 lbs in air, how much
will it weight in 11.5 ppg mud?
Answer :
65.4 − 11.5
= = 0.8242
65.4
Weight in mud = 180,000 x 0.8242 = 148,356 lbs
Buoyancy
Force
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