` UNIT/CHAPTER KEY CONCEPTS DATES

March 1. Commercial Mathematics

a. Value Added Tax  Sales Tax: Explanation of Discount, 8,9,10
Profit, Loss, Marked up Price.
 Vat = Tax Received – Tax Paid
OR
Output Tax – Input Tax
 Computation of problems including list
price, profit – loss etc.

 Calculation of Interest and Maturity

Value using formula:
b. Banking prn ( n+ 1 ) 14,15
I= ,
2400
c. Share and Dividends MV =p∗n+ I 16,17,
 Explanation of Face/Nominal Value, 20,21
Market Value, Premium, Discount,
Annual Dividend, Rate of Dividend.
 Methods used:
Investment = no. of shares ¿ market
value of 1 share
nrf
Annual Dividend =
100
n = no. of shares,
r = rate of dividend,
f = face value
Return % of MV = Dividend% of FV
6. Statistics
a . Mean, Median, Mode Dividend
Return = ∗100 22,23,24
investment

 Explanation of Raw Data and Grouped

Data (Continuous and Discontinuous)
 Computation of Mean, Median and
mode for all kinds of data.
 Explanation of Median class, modal
class.
 Mean by all three methods:
Σ fx
Direct method: ,
Σf 3days
April b. Graphical
Representation Σfd
Short cut method: a+ ,
(Histograms and Ogives) Σf
Σft
Step Deviation method: a+ ∗i
Σf
 Computation of Cumulative Frequency
for Ogive
 Computation of Median, Quartiles, and
other possible questions from graph.
 Methods:
n
For median,
2 3days
n
c. Probability For lower quartile(Q1),
4
3n
For Upper quartile(Q3),
4
2. Algebra  Mode using Histogram
a. Linear Inequation

 Random Experiments
 Sample space
 Simple Problems

b. Quadratic Equation 6days

 Explanation of Natural Numbers,
Whole Numbers, Integers and Real
Numbers
 Writing solution in set notation form
 Representing solution on the Real
number line.

1
  Gen. Equation ax 2 +bx +c=0
 Nature of roots
 Two distinct real roots, if b 2−4 ac> 0
 Two equal real roots, if b 2−4 ac=0
c. Ratio and Proportion  Imaginary roots, if b 2−4 ac< 0
5 days
 Solving Quadratic Equation by:
 Factorization
 Using formula
−b ± √b 2−4 ac
Roots= ,a≠0
2a
 Application of Quadratic Equations

 Ratio: Simple Ratio, Duplicate Ratio,

Sub Duplicate Ratio, Triplicate Ratio,
Sub Triplicate Ratio.
d. Factorization  Application of Ratio 3 days
 Proportion: Def. of Proportion, Mean
Proportion, Continued Proportion,
Third Proportional
 Componendo, Dividendo, Alternendo,
Invertendo Properties and their
combinations.
e. Matrices
 .Application of Proportion
5 days
 Basic of Factor theorem / Remainder
Theorem
 Horner’s Synthetic Divison Method
 Factorization of a polynomial
completely after obtaining one factor
by factor theorem.

 Order of a Matrix, Row and Column

f. Arithmetic and Matrix
Geometric Progression  Compatibility of matrices for addition
and multiplication.
4days
 Null and Identity Matrices
 Addition and subtraction of 2×2 matrix
by
 a non-zero rational number
 a matrix

 A.P.: General term(tn)

t n=l=a+ ( n−1 ) d
a = first term,
n = number of terms,
d = difference between two successive
terms
 Sum of first ‘n’ terms
n n
Sn= [ 2 a+ ( n−1 ) d ] = ( a+l )
g. Co-ordinate Geometry 2 2
 G.P.: General Term(tn)
t n=a r ( n−1) 2days
a = first term,
n = number of terms,
r = ratio between two successive terms
 Sum of ‘n’ terms
a (1−r n )
sn= 3days
1−r
 Simple Applications of AP and GP.

 Reflection:
 Reflection of a point in a line:
x=0 , y=0 , x=a ,
y=a∧the origin
 Invariant Points
4 days
 Explanation of all polygons
2
  Distance, Section and Mid point
Formula
 Coordinates Expressed as
(abscissa(x), ordinate(y))
 Distance formula
 Section Formula
 Mid-point formula
 Coordinates of the Centroid of a
triangle
 Equation of a Line
5. Trigonometry
 Concept of Slope/Gradient
 Understanding of angles as + ve
5days
and – ve
 Slope – intercept form of a line
 Point slope form of a line
 Conditions for two lines
 If parallel, m 1=m 2
 If perpendicular,
m1 × m2=−1
 Simple Applications
3. Geometry
a) Similarity  Using Identities to solve/prove simple
algebraic expressions
sin 2 θ+cos 2 θ=1
1+ tan 2 θ=sec 2 θ
1+cot 2 θ=cosec 2 θ
 Heights and Distances: Solving 2D
problems involving angles of elevation
and depression using trigonometric
tables.
NOTE: More than two right angled
triangles excluded.

b) Loci  Conditions of similar triangles: SSS,

SAS, AA
 As a size transformation
 Comparison with congruency(keyword
being proportionality)
 Application of Basic Proportionality
Theorem
 Areas of similar triangles are
proportional to the squares of ratio of
corresponding sides.
 Direct applications based on the above
including applications to maps and
models.

 Definition and Constructions based on

Loci.
 The locus of a point at a fixed distance
from a fixed point is a circle with the
fixed point as centre and fixed distance
as radius.
 The locus of a point equidistant from
c) Circle two intersecting lines is the bisector of
the angles between the lines.
 The locus of a point equidistant from
two given points is the perpendicular
bisector of the line joining the points.
 The locus of a point equidistant from
the two parallel lines is the
perpendicular bisector of the distance
between them.
 The locus of a point equidistant from
the given line will be a parallel line on
the either side of the given line.

 Angle Properties:

3
  The angle that an arc of a circle
subtends at centre is double that
which it subtends at any point on
the remaining part of the circle.
 Angle in the same segment of a
circle are equal.(without proof)
 Angle in a semi-circle is a right
angle.
 Cyclic Properties:
 Opposite angles of a cyclic
quadrilateral are supplementary.
 The exterior angle of a cyclic
quadrilateral is equal to the
opposite interior angle.(without
proof)
 Tangent and Secant Properties:
 The tangent at any point of a circle
and the radius through the point
are perpendicular to each other.
 If two circles touch, the point of
contact lies on the straight line
joining their centres.
 From any point outside the circle
two tangents can be drawn and
they are equal in length.
 If two chords intersect internally or
d) Construction externally then the product of the
lengths of the segments are equal.
 If a chord and a tangent intersect
externally, then the product of the
lengths of segments of the chord is
equal to the square of the length of
4. Mensuration the tangent from the point of
contact to the point of intersection.
 If a line touches a circle and from
the point of contact, a chord is
drawn, the angles between the
tangent and the chord are resp.
equal to the angles in the
corresponding alternate segments.

 Construction of tangents to a circle

from an external point.
 Circumscribing and inscribing a circle
on a triangle and a regular hexagon.

 Area and Volume of Solids: Cylinder,

Cone and Sphere
 Three dimensional solids –– right
circular cylinder, right circular
cone and sphere: Area (TSA and
CSA) and Volume.
 Direct application problems
including cost, inner and outer
volume and melting and recasting
method to find the volume or
surface area of a new solid.
 Combination of Solids.