Hydraulic Machines 2B

Energy Losses in Bends

Reading Sheet

Objective
To determine the loss factors for flow through a range of pipe fittings by measurement of head
differences across each of a number of fittings connected in series over a range of steady flows.

Equipment

F1-10 Hydraulics Bench

F1-22 Losses in bends apparatus
Stop watch

Procedure

Exercise A – Measure losses across all pipe fittings except the gate valve

Adjust the flow from the bench control valve and at a given flow rate, take height readings from all
manometers after the levels have steadied.
Carry out a timed volume collection using the volumetric tank to determine the volumetric flow rate.

Repeat the procedure for three sets of readings.

Exercise B – Measure losses the gate valve only

Begin with the gate valve closed and fully open the both the bench valve and the test rig flow control
valve.
Open the gate valve 50% of one turn and measure the pressure drop on the pressure gauge.

Carry out a timed volume collection using the volumetric tank to determine the volumetric flow rate.
Readings should be taken at least for 3 flow rates.

Repeat the procedure with the gate valve opened approx. 80% off a turn.

Timed Volume Collection

You should carry out a timed volume collection, using the volumetric tank, in order to determine the
volume flow rate. This is achieved by closing the ball valve and measuring (with a stopwatch) the
time taken to accumulate a known volume of fluid in the tank, which is read from the sight glass. You
should collect the fluid for at least one minute to minimize timing errors
Results Table

Experiment A

Long Short Elbow Amount

Enlargement Contraction Mitre Time
Bend Bend Bend of water
(mm) (mm) (mm) (s)
(mm) (mm) (mm) (l)
H1 H1 H1
H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9
0 1 2

Experiment B

Gate Valve setting 50% Gate Valve Setting 80%

Gauge Amount Gauge Amount

Time Time
Reading of water Reading of water
(s) (s)
(bar) (l) (bar) (l)