(ARC) - D100 - EN - 02.01 (DTR100v4)

DTR/DT/DRR/DR100 – V4
Summary
Equipment configuration
Equipment functionality
Equipment Architecture
Functional Description
Equipment Characteristic
Optional Devices and ancillaries
Equipment Installation
Equipment Setting-up
Equipment Maintenance
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DTR100 - V4
The latest Leonardo’s fourth-generation ATC radio communication
family comprises:
– DTR100-4 : multimode VHF transceiver
– DR100V/DRR100V : multimode VHF receiver
– DT100-4 : multimode VHF transmitter
The above listed elements are able to support a huge number of

operating modes, ranging from the traditional AM mode for analogue
speech communications, to the latest VoIP mode for digital voice.
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DTR100 (VHF & UHF)
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DT100 (VHF & UHF)
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DR100 (VHF & UHF)
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DRR100 (VHF & UHF)
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Equipment Configurations
According to the frequency band and to which add-ons are used,
various configurations can be realised. Every configuration can be
identified by its name that is composed of fields having a specific
meaning.
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Radio Equipment are also available in configurations factory-equipped
with some optional modules:
– OCXO (Oven-Controlled Crystal Oscillator), providing higher frequency
accuracy and stability. It is used when we have 4 or more site close-set.
– Relay Module allowing two RF signals to use the same antenna path.
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Architecture
The modular architecture of the D100-4 elements allows for:
– Easy reconfiguration for transaction to any modes application
– Availability of a wide range of interface options toward external
transport networks
– Low MTTR, and easy on-field maintenance, carried out by modules
direct replacing
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Summary
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VHF Equipment Functionality: ANALOGUE MODES
This is the traditional analogue speech-only ground to air
communication mode, using the double side band amplitude
modulation (A3E).
When operating in AM, the equipment allows for selection of channel

spacing between 25 and 8.33 kHz, with consequent change of
performances (e.g. some RF and AF parameters on both receiver and
transmitter sections).
A dedicated DSP algorithm that implements a narrow-band IF digital

filter provides this feature; no hardware intervention is thus required.
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VHF Equipment Functionality: ANALOGUE MODES
Following functionalities are provided:
– AM-25 kHz
Is used all over the world in airport areas.
Offset transmission types: 2,3, and 4 frequency offsets with internal
frequency reference; 5 offsets with external, high precision
frequency reference;
– AM-8.33 kHz
Is used for high level of flight over 13.000 ft.
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VHF Equipment Functionality: VoIP MODE
VoIP stands for Voice over Internet Protocol, a technology that allows
telephone calls to be made using the Internet rather that a traditional
telephone line.
When operating in VoIP, the equipment allows for selection of channel

spacing between 25 and 8.33 kHz, with consequent change of
performances (e.g. some RF and AF parameters on both receiver and
transmitter sections).
A dedicated DSP algorithm that implements a narrow-band IF digital

filter provides this feature; no hardware intervention is thus required
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VHF Equipment Functionality: AM DATA MODE
The AM-DATA mode allows operating ACARS function (acronym for
Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System).
ACARS allows for data only link between airborne radio equipment and
ground stations. The equipment can support ACARS data link protocol,
by connection to a commercially available external modem.
AM-DATA mode is based on AM-MSK modulation in 25 kHz channel

spacing; following functionality are provided:
– AM DATA/ACARS is an Embedded AM-MSK modulation/demodulation
@ 2400 bit/sec, with CSMA access channel for DTR100.
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Radio Equipment Functionality
A unique characteristic of DTR/DT/DR100 is the interface side:
– on the front side of the transceiver are allocated the boards called
Modules.
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The equipment can be set in two different operating states:
– ON Line state if the AF line ports, located onto the DM rear panel, are
used to manage the AF+signalling connection. This is the typical
operating state to be used when the equipment is serviced by an
operator located at a remote position, such as the audio console facility
of a VCSS device.
– OFF Line state if the connector, located onto the Control Panel front
side, is used to manage the AF+signalling connection. In this operating
state, the AF line ports located onto the DM rear panel are not enabled,
this meaning that the equipment can not provide service to an operator
located at a remote position. Although full management of equipment
audio facility is possible in OFF Line state, this is the typical operating
state to be used for maintenance and test activities performed locally.
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Concerning O&M functions, the equipment can be managed from the
following access points:
– Control Panel (CP), if the O&M control and message monitoring is
directly managed on the equipment, by use of the Control Panel
keyboard. It is intended as an easy and immediate access point.
– TEST port (TEST), if the O&M control and message monitoring is
managed by a software tool connected to the RS232 Test Interface port
located on the equipment front side (e.g. the Local Management
Terminal). It is intended as a full-control access point giving the
capability to handle any equipment operating parameter; a typical use
of this interface is for setup, maintenance and troubleshooting actions.
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– DIAG port (DIAG), if the O&M control and message monitoring is
remotely managed through SELEX Communications Multi-access
Infrastructure and Radio Management (MIRM100), or any other system
dedicated to the control of single equipment, or more than one. The
remote control takes place through the RS485 DIAG Diagnostic
Interface, located on the equipment rear side. It is intended as an
interface facility targeted to the management from remote.
– O&M Remote I/F (ETH), if the Operation & Maintenance
Control/Configuration and Monitoring is remotely managed by
MIRM100, or any other Network Management System dedicated to the
control of single or multiple units. The remote control takes place
through an IP-based Diagnostic Interface, accessible over the Ethernet
ports located on the equipment rear side. It is intended as an interface
facility targeting management from remote.
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When performing O&M tasks, it is important to note that many
equipment functional parameters can be accessed only in OFF Line
state, irrespectively of the O&M access point.
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Accessories
Main accessory of D100 - V4 series are:
– microphone, headphone, headset
– Local Management Terminal
Complementary equipment are:

– filters (manual or automatic)
– Antennas
– Isolators, external RF switches, splitters
– Racks with cabling and optional fan
– Remote Control Unit
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Summary
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DTR100/DT100 Block Diagram
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DR100 Block Diagram
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Radio Equipment Architecture
The physical core of the radio is Power Supply because gives the
correct power at all equipments embedded in the radio and it also
provides EMI filtering and over-voltage/under-voltage line protections.
PS provides 4 different voltage:

– 28V
– 13.5V
– 5V
– 3.3V
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Instead the software core of the radio is DM Module.
When radio switch on, DM Module starts to communicate with all

modules via a dedicated serial communication data line defined as
Radio Control Bus, or RCB.
At the same time the DM Module also sends the correct software
configuration at each card that compose the radio via backpanel.
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The equipment is based on "software radio" approach, this meaning
that, even when operating in the traditional AM mode, the signal
processing is fully handled in the digital mode (DSP).
The equipment is able to operate in any of the rated operating modes

with no hardware reconfiguration, it is only necessary to re-program it
by downloading the relevant SW application and firmware by the HMI
functions at set-up phase.
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The equipment features a "distributed-processing" architecture. Each of
the main modules (DM, TX, etc) features its own local microcontroller
that handles all the module operating functions, and locally supports
O&M tasks.
O&M signals between boards are connected via RS485;
All modules and cards that compose the equipment are internally inter-
connected via the backpanel.
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DTR100/DT100 Modules and Card Allocation
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DR100 Modules and Card Allocation
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Summary
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Radio Equipment Functional Description
DTR/DT/DR100 is powered by external +24 VDC and 230 VAC. VAC
and the VDC inputs are directly connected on the rear-side of the PS
module.
The PS module provides all the internal voltages required for

equipment operation:
– +28V is the supply for TX and RX modules
– +13.5V is the supply of each analogic part of the radio like circuit,
switch and LF amplifier
– +5V is the supply of each logic part of the radio like modules and cards
– +3.3V is the supply of the Digital Signal Processor
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Radio Equipment Functional Description
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Main Features and Clock Distribution
The clock generator provides all the clock signals necessary to the DM
module starting from a 10MHz reference clock.
The DM module may host a VTCXO in systems that requires a of 1ppm

precision or alternatively an OCXO (DM-X module) for the systems that
requires a of 0,3 ppm precision.
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The TX and RX modules mainly perform the related RF functions,
while the DM module handles carrier digital processing. Both TX and
RX module have own digital section providing full module control, local
O&M tasks and communication with the "management" section,
through Radio Control Bus (RCB), which is used for control and
diagnostic data exchange.
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TX module: based on a cartesian feedback layout, it provides the up-
conversion of the modulated signal, and amplification up to 50W (the
output linearity is constantly monitored).
The module receives the input modulating signal in I/Q format from the
DM module via an RS422 serial interface.
The channel synthesis for both 8.33 KHz and 25 KHz spacing is
realized internally to the module.
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RX module: based on a super-heterodyne layout, it provides the full
down-conversion of the received AM/D8PSK/GFSK modulated RF
signals, and amplification to required level for the analogue to digital
conversion.
The RX module sends the digitized I/Q format data stream to the DM
module via an RS422 serial interface.
The channel synthesis for both 8.33 KHz and 25 KHz spacing is
realized internally to the module.
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Main Features and Clock distribution
The Control Panel, which is managed by the IMC, executes any local
HMI functions. It features a 2-rows LCD display and four operating
keys, suitable to get status data as current operating mode, frequency
value and error conditions; or to perform some routine regulation.
In addition, full audio facility is provided on Control Panel.

Loudspeaker and a microphone/headset port allow for "local" use of
equipment in AM-DSB mode, when no remote connection is foreseen,
or testing actions are required.
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TRANSMITTER Module
The TX module provides the following main functions:
– Conversion of I and Q digital samples incoming from the DM module, into
analogue signals to modulate them at required carrier frequency according
to selected operating mode (AM, D8PSK or GFSK).
– 50 W (+47 dBm) CW RF power output, step-adjustable.
– Protection from excessive VSWR (higher than 3), with protection reset on
timer expiring.
– Channel synthesis for 25 KHz and 8.33 KHz.
– Frequency programming in the range 108 to 156 MHz.
– Support for 2, 3, 4 and 5 offset channel scheme, by offset introduced on the
SINTX board managed by microcontroller.
– 10 MHz Reference clock filtering/recovering (clock from DM is filtered by a
local PLL). This clock is used for microcontroller operations and
synthesizers reference.
– Monitoring of the main board parameters.
– Alarms and measurements collection by microcontroller.
– O&M connection with DM master unit, via RS485 serial interface (RCB).
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TRANSMITTER Module: Block Diagram
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TRANSMITTER Module
The TX module is physically divided into separate boards:
– TX board, which hosts the digital section, the exciter, the modulator
analogue, the digital circuits and the SYNT.
– PA board, which hosts the RF power amplifier section.
The digital section performs the management of I&Q samples coming

from the DM module through RS422 serial data line (to be then
converted in analogue signals and sent to RF section), the control,
management and diagnostic of the module, providing also support to
communication with the other modules.
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TRANSMITTER Module
The RF section includes all the circuits necessary to I&Q signal up-
conversion, RF signal amplification for PA driving, and analogue
feedback loop for TX linearization;
– it is directly interfaced with the digital section.
The RF section receives from the digital section I and Q analogue

signals and provides AM modulation on the carrier frequency
generated by local synthesizer, in the range 108 to 156 MHz.
The Power Amplifier is a high power amplifying stage and it is designed

to ensure high reliability and linearity figures.
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RX Module
The RX module provides the following main functions:
– RF signal Front-end filtering (band filtering/channel pre-selection).
– Received signal AM/D8PSK/GFSK selection and filtering.
– Conversion of received signal to digitized DM I and Q format.
– Channel synthesis for 25 KHz and 8.33 KHz.
– Frequency programming in the range 108 to 156 MHz.
– AGC and muting functions.
– 10 MHz Reference clock filtering/recovering (clock from DM module is
filtered by a local PLL, to avoid interference). This clock is used for
microcontroller operations and synthesizers reference.
– Alarms and measurements collection by microcontroller.
– O&M connection with DM master unit via RS485 interface (RCB).
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RX Module: Block Diagram
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RX Module
The RX module is composed of two separate boards:
– RX Board, that is functionally divided into a RF section and a digital
section.
– Front-End Board, that hosts separately the RF front-end circuits.
The RX module provides the full down-conversion and amplification of

received RF signals and A/D conversion of the AM-DSB analogue
signal into a digitized data stream.
– Data stream is then sent (via RS422 serial interface) to the Baseband
module for processing.
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DM Module
It provides the following functionalities:
– Radio management
– Clock generation for the radio equipment
– RF signal demodulation at intermediate frequency
– Digital signal processing in audio band
– Telecom lines management
– Ethernet lines for VOIP and remote control management.
– Control Serial interface and test management
– Receiver control
– Transmitter control
– Power Supply monitoring
– Performing diagnostics and logging
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DM Module
The DM module performs all the tasks of monitoring, digital processing,
diagnostic, audio interfacing with both analogue and Ethernet lines, to
interface with any transmitter, receiver and control panel.
The audio data can be exchanged with the operators on both telecom
and VoIP lines.
– For this reason the DM module must be connected with telecom lines
and with Ethernet lines, moreover it must be provided with a
microcontroller capable of handling the VoIP protocol.
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DM Module
PTT and SQUELCH signals may be handled in classic mode or with
tone (PTT, call maintenance, etc.) taking advantage of the DSP.
The audio stream, via Audio Codec will be converted to digital for all
necessary processing and filtering that will be performed with DSP, and
then easily re-programmable and adaptable.
The VoIP data flow, once acquired by the microcontroller will go to the
appropriate DSP for processing.
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DM Module
The board will provide DM to be able to connect an external recorder
and control panel for the construction of a MMI.
The DSP is interfaced digitally (using FPGA for the adaptation of form)
with any transmitter and one or two receivers.
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CONTROL PANEL
CP module is the equipment-operator interface facility of the
equipment. It features both LCD display and 4-key pad for access to
equipment parameter editing, and performs the interface between
display/keyboard and IMC card. It also allows for the interface between
the ancillary audio devices and the internal analogue audio bus.
CP module performs the following main functions:

– Audio Interface between the operator and the radio equipment.
– Display and keyboard management.
– Interfacing with the DM module.
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DTR/DT100 POWER SUPPLY MODULE: Block Diagram
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DTR/DT100 POWER SUPPLY MODULE
The PS module (Power Supply) generates all the voltages necessary
for equipment operation; it is fed by the 115/230 VAC main voltage, and
by the nominal +24 VDC backup voltage.
– The module allows the equipment for operating in the 21.6 to 31.2 VDC
range having an RF power output higher than +46 dBm.
PS module provides the following main functions:

– Generation of +28 VDC, +13.5 VDC, +5 VDC, +3.3 VDC for all the
modules.
– Overvoltage and undervoltage protection on output line.
– Output alarms generation.
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As shown in relevant figure, the DTR/DT100 PS module is composed
of the following functional blocks:
– Input stage: This stage provides EMI filtering and protections.
– AC/DC and +28 VDC output stage. AC Main voltage passes through
an AC/DC conversion stage, and then through a DC/DC converter stage
to generate the +28 VDC supply voltage. This is used to power the
equipment, and to generate the other service voltage.
– Output stage. This stage is mainly composed of DC/DC converters for
providing required output voltages derived from +28 VDC (+13.5 VDC,
+5 VDC, +3.3 VDC) and it includes filtering for all outputs.
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– Logic Circuit. This block main function is to provide alarms when one
of following failure conditions is verified:
• High temperature inside PS (Over temp).
• Vout < 20% nominal value (Over load). This is intended as the
summary of all output alarms.
• No main source presence (AC fail).
• No auxiliary source presence (DC fail).
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DR100 POWER SUPPLY MODULE: Block Diagram
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DR100 POWER SUPPLY MODULE
As shown in relevant figure, the DR100 PS module is composed of the
following functional blocks:
– Input stage: This stage provides EMI filtering and protections. The AC
input is connected to a AC/DC converter stage that provides the +28
VDC main voltage. The DC input stage consists of an EMI filtering
circuit and an electronic switch for automatic connection of the DC
backup in case of AC source failure. Two mechanical switches on the
rear panel are used to power AC and DC sections.
– Output stage. This stage is mainly composed of DC/DC converters for
providing required output voltages derived from +28 VDC (+13.5 VDC,
+5 VDC, +3.3 VDC) and it includes protection and filtering for all
outputs.
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DR100 POWER SUPPLY MODULE
– Logic Circuit: This block is powered by a service voltage, separate and
independent from the output voltages. Its main function is to provide
alarms on following failure conditions:
• High temperature inside PS (Over temperature).
• Vout < 20% nominal value (Overload).
• No main source presence (AC Fail).
• No auxiliary source presence (DC Fail).
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RELAY CARD
In the figure below the Relay Card layout is represented.
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RELAY CARD
The RF switch has a normally-closed SMA port to be used to connect
the receiver section, and a normally-open SMA port to be used to
connect the transmitter section.
The switch common port is then available on an N-female port, to be

connected to the radiating system.
This layout allows the receiver section to be normally connected to the

antenna and when the Radio equipment is in transmission state the TX
module sends the switching signal to the Relay.
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EMBEDDED CHANGEOVER FUNCTION
The embedded changeover function allows a couple of equipment,
configured in main/standby mode of operation, to operate as a failure-
tolerant system without any other external device.
The system is composed by a pair of identical radio equipment

identified as main and standby unit, and operating on the same
frequency. It is able to guarantee uninterrupted operations even in the
case of failure of one of the radio equipment composing the pair.
– In addition, it is also possible to extend the redundancy scheme to AF
line connecting radio equipment to operator.
Changeover operation is automatic.

– Each action takes place as result of failure conditions with no need of
operator acknowledgment and/or authorization.
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– On the TX path, radio equipment changeover is based on detection of
equipment alarm state, or equipment switching OFF.
– On the TX path, radio equipment periodical changeover is based on
PTT transactions counter, for uniform aging of the TX section within the
main/standby pair.
– On the RX path, radio equipment changeover is based on equipment
alarm state, or equipment switching OFF.
– On the RX path, radio equipment changeover is based on squelch
detection (e.g. only one of the two receiver sections is detecting an
incoming RF carrier).
– AF line changeover between primary and backup lines, based on CM
tone detection (call maintenance tone).
– AF line selection, based on PTT command detection onto one of the
two connected lines (if no CM tone facility is managed).
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The system is able to deal with a combination of the above changeover
conditions. For example if an equipment failure and an AF line failure
take place simultaneously, the system is still able to give service by
connecting the "operating" radio with the "operating" AF line.
Following actions are foreseen:

– On the TX path, exclusion of a radio equipment from changeover
process.
– On the RX path, exclusion of a radio equipment from changeover
process.
– Exclusion of an AF line from line changeover process.
– Changeover position forcing in any of the above cases.
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The DM module manages the entire changeover function;
– the DM software set up and controls parameters for radio changeover
procedures, supports the necessary monitoring functions of the coupled
equipment, and implements the main/standby procedures. These are
separate and independent for TX and RX sections, and can take place
automatically as result of equipment failure or manually in case of
manual changeover request.
DM modules of paired radio equipment are connected via an RS232

serial data line, continuously exchanging data about their status, and
allowing real-time acknowledgement of the alarm states.
– Decisional processes are allocated in the equipment configured as main
within the changeover scheme;
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AF PRIMARY line
to/from VSCS (DDN)
2x2
embedded
AF
switch
AF BACKUP line to/from

VSCS (VSAT)
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(Example of a layout including RF branching)
TX SECTION CHANGEOVER
On the TX path, the radio changeover function is defined as the
transferring of the PTT assignment from the main to the standby
equipment (or viceversa), according to one or more defined conditions.
Since both equipment are permanently connected to the AF line, the

incoming PTT is acknowledged by both radio sets through relevant E
signaling.
– According to the changeover status, only one radio is then allowed to
transmit; the ACTIVE unit.
In case of equipment switching OFF, the paired unit detects un-link

condition on the RS232 data link, and operate TX changeover
becoming ACTIVE.
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TX SECTION CHANGEOVER
In addition, the TX changeover also takes place on counting of the PTT
transactions. The purpose of this process is to realize an uniform
assignment of the service on the two managed radio set, in order to
have equipment uniform aging.
– The counting of PTT transactions is actuated by the DM of the main
equipment
The number of PTT to activate this periodic changeover can be

changed by LMT.
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RX SECTION CHANGEOVER
On the RX path, the radio changeover function is actuated according to
the number of connected AF lines.
If the system is provided with only one AF line the main equipment is
normally connected to the AF line, while the standby is disconnected.
As result, if both the receive sections detect an incoming RF carrier, the
main audio output is routed towards controlling remote devices.
Changeover may occur on following conditions:

– The main equipment is in alarm state and only the standby equipment
detects an incoming RF carrier.
– The main equipment is switched OFF.
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RX SECTION CHANGEOVER
If the system is provided with two AF lines, the main equipment is
normally connected to the primary AF line, while the standby is
normally connected to the backup AF line.
Changeover may occur on following conditions:

– Alarm state or switching OFF of one equipment. The remaining one is
connected to both primary and backup AF line.
– Only one equipment detects an incoming RF carrier.
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AF LINES CHANGEOVER
When two separate AF and signalling lines are available, it is possible
to extend the redundancy scheme and changeover facility also to the
connection between equipment and controlling remote devices.
The AF lines changeover function is defined as the capability to

operate continuous monitor of the quality of AF lines by means of
detection of a pilot call maintenance tone (CM Tone, usually @ 800
Hz).
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AF LINES CHANGEOVER
On TX path, the evaluation of the line status is done by measuring the
CM Tone level; when the measured value falls below a preset
threshold (typically -10 dBm) the line is considered degraded or
unoperating, and changeover on the other line is actuated.
On RX path, the evaluation of the line status is done at VCSS by

measuring the CM Tone level; when the measured value falls below a
preset threshold (typically -10 dBm) the line is considered degraded or
unoperating, and changeover on the other line is actuated.
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AF LINES CHANGEOVER
On TX path, when no CM Tone facility is operated, the main/standby
paired equipment may be anyway connected to two separate AF lines,
thus increasing system reliability. In this case the selection of the line
used for TX path is simply actuated on detection of the incoming PTT
signaling, upon continuous monitoring of the AF lines.
On RX path, when no CM Tone facility is operated, the equipment

can anyway provide AF line redundancy scheme, once connected to
VCSS by two separate AF lines. In this case, selection of the audio line
is actuated by VCSS facility on "best signal" criteria.
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Summary
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DTR/DT100 Controls and Indicators
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DR/DRR100 Controls and Indicators
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Control Panel Operation
The Control Panel keyboard functions:
Key Function
C cancel or exit from a submenu
▲ move up
▼ move down
OK confirm
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The Control Panel display allows monitoring and management of
DTR/DT/DR100 configuration parameters
Different menu/submenus are available and can be displayed. The

following environment windows are available:
– ALARM WINDOW. When an alarm is present, OK key open the alarm
window to highlight the specific alarm messages.
– DEFAULT STATUS WINDOW. It is what usually appears on the display
when the radio does not have faults.
– MEASUREMENT WINDOW. Always available when pressing the “▲”
key from “default status” window. By pressing “OK” on “Activate
Measurements” display, it is possible to scroll all the available
measurements on radio equipment.
– SETTINGS WINDOW. The main operating parameters can be set in
this submenu.
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SETTINGS WINDOW:
– To enter in this section a LOGIN is required.
– By use of the arrow keys each editable parameter can be scrolled and
by pressing OK the relevant editable parameter can be changed
– The blinking character indicates that the setting mode is active for that
parameter, whose value can be inserted using UP and DOWN keys
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DTR100 - V4 display messages
Display message Description

DTR100
This is the default window when alarms are present.
Alarms Present
Default window when no alarms are present. It gives information
AM 25 kHz L.
on current frequency, channel and the indication of OFF Line (L) or
F=225.000 C=---
ON Line (R) state.
DTR100 FAULT: This window appears only when alarms are present. Letters are
TRBAIP referred to modules (or cards) that produce an alarm.
DTR100 State: This window appears only when no alarms are present and
ON LINE equipment is in ON Line (R) state.
Squelch
Indication of squelch state (enabled/disabled)
ENABLED
Squelch Thr. Indication of RSSI squelch (this window appears only when
-107dBm RSSI mode is set by LMT)
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In addition we find the follow display messages:
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Notes on shelf configuration
Shelf configuration is possible through specific set of commands from
TEST interface. By shelf configuration, it is possible to convert DTR100
transceiver into a "virtual" DT100 transmitter or DR100 receiver, by
excluding the relevant module from the RCB management, and
restarting the equipment.
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Notes on Noise Blanker Setting
The Noise Blanker purpose is to reduce the effect of the additive
impulsive noise that can be found in the received data/voice signal.
Two Noise Blanker modes are allowed:

– Blanking: it operates by blanking the impulsive noise to the average of
the received signal.
– Reconstruction: the impulsive noise is detected and replaced with signal
reconstructed according to the last portion of the received signal.
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Notes on SQUELCH settings
C/N SQUELCH: this is the default setting of the equipment, which
operates a quality evaluation based on the C/N ratio of the received
RF signal, where C (carrier) is intended as the level of the signal, and
N (noise) is intended as the channel noise level out of the audio
bandwidth. Operator shall select a C/N squelch threshold in the range
5 to 20 dB.
– The SQUELCH opening will take place once the equipment is receiving
a signal having a C/N quality ratio higher than the selected threshold,
plus the selected SQUELCH hysteresis value.
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– Setting Example:
The C/N SQUELCH is set to 10 dB
The SQL Hysteresis is set to 2 dB
– Result:
The equipment checks if the incoming RF signal has a C/N of 12 dB
or more. The equipment keeps on receiving until RF signal has a
C/N higher than 10 dB.
C/N SQUELCH function is recommended when the equipment is

operating in electromagnetically noisy locations, or when a receiving
site is desensitized by other telecommunications or broadcasting
facilities in the surrounding, or from closely located industrial facilities.
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RSSI SQUELCH: this is the traditional receive squelch function,
actuated by evaluating the RF signal level, by means of RSSI meter.
Operator shall select a squelch threshold in the range -107 dBm to -44
dBm. The squelch opening will take place once the equipment is
receiving a signal higher than the selected threshold, plus the selected
squelch hysteresis value.
– Example:
The RSSI squelch is set to -103.0 dBm.
The SQL Hysteresis is set to 2 dB.
– Result:
The equipment receives when the incoming RF signal is
-101.0 dBm or more. The equipment keeps on receiving until RF
signal is higher than -103.0 dBm.
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C/N + Override squelch. This is a combination of the above squelch
operating mode. By selecting this function, the equipment operates with
C/N squelch up to the Override threshold, selectable by operator in
the range -107 dBm to -67 dBm.
Over a level that is given by override threshold value, plus the

selected squelch hysteresis value, the equipment operates with RSSI
squelch, so that a signal having an higher RF level is received and
demodulated irrespectively of its effective C/N ratio.
94
– Example:
The C/N squelch is set to 10 dB.
The SQL Hysteresis is set to 2 dB.
The Override is set to -87 dBm.
– Result:
The equipment receives if the incoming RF signal has a C/N of 12 dB
or more. The equipment keeps on receiving until RF signal has a C/N
higher than 10 dB.
The equipment receives when the incoming RF signal is -85.0 dBm or
more, irrespectively of the current C/N ratio.
95
Measurements Environment
The ▲ and ▼ keys allow to access to the measurements environment.
The following list details the measurements that can be shown on the
display. To exit from measurements environment press C key, and the
default window appears on the display.
Parameter Unit Description

Temperature °C Current temperature measured inside the TX module
VSWR - Current VSWR at the RF output
RF power output Watts Current RF power at the RF output
Modulation depth % Current modulation depth applied on the radiated carrier
RSSI dBm Current receive signal strength indication
96
Summary
97
Optional Devices and Ancillaries
Relay Card
– In DTR100 equipment the Relay Card is an optional item used to
connect the RX and TX modules to the same antenna.
Headset kit
– Headset kit is equipped with:
• PTT switch
• Headset speakers volume regulation
• High sensitivity adjustable microphone
98
Summary
99
Power and Grounding
DTR/DT100 EQUIPMENT
100
Power and Grounding
DR/DRR100 EQUIPMENT
101
Power and Grounding
Power and grounding connections are located on the rear right side of
the equipment as shown in the previous figures.
VDC plug-in: This is the DC supply input connection point, to be used

with crimped-plug wires.
AC main: This is an IEC 320 standard socket for AC powering,

provided with fuse receptacle. Use only CE-approved power cord.
GND (screw): This is a M3 screw terminal point for connection of

grounding cable, located on the rear side of the equipment
motherboard.
102
Radio Frequency Connections
DTR/DT100 EQUIPMENT
103
RX IN (SMA-female). This port is the RX direct radio frequency input.
TX output (N-female). This port is the TX direct radio frequency output.
104
DR/DRR100 EQUIPMENT
RX IN (SMA-female). This port is the RX radiofrequency input
105
Signal and Data Connectors
106
TELCO connector. This is a 8-pin RJ45 keyed socket, used to connect
the AF input/output lines together with PTT and squelch signalling.
– A pair is dedicated to the primary (P) AF line, a second pair to the
backup (B) AF line.
CTRL connector. This is a 8-pin RJ45 socket, used for additional input
and output controls and for the summary alarm output.
DIAG connector. This is a 8-pin RJ45 socket, used to connect the

RS485 serial data line towards local controller device.
DATA connector. This is a 8-pin RJ45 socket. When operating AM

modes, this port allows for data link between a main and a standby unit
to support changeover features, it may be therefore connected with the
DATA port of the other unit composing the main/standby couple.
107
ANT connector. This is a 8-pin RJ45 socket, used to drive an external
OTE RFSU100 device for RF switching (e.g. for main/standby
changeover tasks).
GNSS I/F connector. This is a D-type 9-pin male, used for interfacing
an external GPS/GNSS device to get UTC absolute time reference.
Service port: This is a D-type 9-pin female, used for service tasks and
audio recording.
PPS port: This connector is used for 50 Ohm PPS input alternative to
RS422 120 Ohm on GNSS port.
108
CLOCK port: this is a SMA-type coaxial female, used to get 10 MHz
high-precision clock signal from external devices such as GPS-slaved
reference. It allows for increasing the rated frequency accuracy of the
equipment up to the reference one.
ETHERNET port:
– ET1 connector. This is an Ethernet 10/100 base T interface, used for
the connection with an external control device.
– ET2 connector. This is an Ethernet 10 base T interface, used for the
connection with an external control device.
109
Single equipment with In-Band tone signalling
Since this card allows for PTT and squelch In-band tone signalling, it is
also possible to reduce the number of connection wires to two pairs (E
and M wires no longer used), once that the equipment has been
properly configured. This feature allows for connection to a VCSS that
is provided with 2040 Hz In-band tone signalling capability.
Usually, a cabling from this port is routed to a MDF located on site, to

be then sent to a remote VCSS.
110
Main/Standby, single AF line
The DM module provides support to main/standby configuration,
allowing for embedded changeover.
The figure of the following slide shows a system configuration where

primary AF line is used. In this case the main equipment is directly
connected to the MDF (P-DIR port), to be then sent to a remote VCSS.
This connection is also routed to the standby equipment via in inter-
equipment cable on P-SWD ports.
Another interequipment connection between DATA ports, allows to

exchange real-time changeover information on the dedicated RS232
serial data line.
111
Main/Standby, single AF line
112
Main/Standby, primary and backup AF lines
In this case the main equipment is directly connected to the primary
line on MDF (P-DIR port), to be then sent to a remote VCSS. This
connection is also routed to the standby equipment via an
interequipment cable on P-SWD ports.
The standby equipment is directly connected to the backup line on
MDF (B-DIR port), to be then sent to a remote VCSS. This connection
is also routed to the main equipment via an interequipment cable on B-
SWD ports.
This layout allows both units to be connected to both AF lines, so that it
is possible to achieve a "line-redundancy" layout together with
embedded changeover feature.
Another interequipment between DATA port allows for exchanging real-
time changeover information on the dedicated RS232 serial data line.
113
Main/Standby, primary and backup AF lines
114
Standard version (single equipment, separate IP networks)
With different IP sub network addresses for the two separate Ethernet
ports (ET1, ET2), a maximum of 4 (four) multiple connections with
different O&M management systems are supported, either local (LMT)
or remote (Network Management System).
115
Single equipment, bonded Ethernets, single IP subnet
This layout configuration features the Ethernet Redundancy and it is
used in those systems that require Network Connectivity Fault-
tolerance, but not radio redundancy.
Both Ethernet ports (ET1, ET2) are bonded and only one IP subnet can
be defined on top of them.
116
Main/Standby radios, bonded Ethernets, single IP subnet
This layout supports both the Radio Redundancy and the Ethernet
Redundancy. Only one ACTIVE radio is able to transmit uplinks, while
both radios are able to receive downlinks.
Both Ethernet ports (ET1, ET2) are bonded and only one IP subnet can
be defined on top of them. A maximum of 4 (four) multiple connections
with different O&M management systems are supported, either local
(LMT) or remote (Network Management System).
117
Main/Standby radios, bonded Ethernets, single IP subnet
118
Cabling for Muting
When using DT100(s), the muting function on the paired receiver(s)
DR100(s) can be achieved by two different layouts:
– Muting function of the paired receiver(s) via muting command (i.e.
PTT RESP) output on the CTRL connector. This is to be used when
the equipment is installed close to the related receiver operating on
the same frequency. The PTT RESP output is based on an electronic
switch, it provides a close contact when the equipment is in
transmission state.
119
Cabling for Muting
120
Cabling for Voice Recording System
The D100 - V4 equipment shall be designed with support for an
analogue recorder interface, with the following characteristics:
– 2 wires balanced output
– Impedance: 600 Ohm
– Nominal level157: -10 dBm ± 2 dB
– Level adjustment: -10/+10 dB at 0.5 dB steps, SW configurable
The D100 - V4 output to the recorder shall provide both the RX and TX
voice.
– The Recorder interface shall be active only when either the PTT or the
Squelch is active.
– When no activity on the channel is detected (neither PTT nor SQ),
audio recorder output shall be muted.
121
Summary
122
Setting-up
Setting-up is intended as the sequence of alignment and configuration
actions that must be performed by operator in order to put the
equipment in service. This also involves HW setting on AF line
interface, once that the desired configuration has been chosen for the
RF input/output ports.
The DM module features dip-switch banks; the following figures show

the dip-switch position.
123
DM Card Settings
124
Summary
125
Preventive Maintenance
Tasks to be carried out periodically for DTR/DT/DR100
– NOTE: Unless indicated otherwise, preventive maintenance
operations must be carried out with the equipment switched OFF
and disconnected from any external system.
Check Frequency
Visual inspection 6 months
Equipment cleaning 6 months
External connector inspection 6 months
Cooling fan operation check 6 months
Equipment status check 1 week
Reference oscillator monitoring 1 year
126
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE: Equipment Cleaning
Cleaning operations of the equipment must be carried out even if the
equipment is installed in an air-conditioned environment.
It is recommended the use of cotton gloves to protect metal surfaces

from skin oils. Subrack cleaning should be done using a clean dry cloth
or a brush.
Every traces of dust on the inside must be removed. In case of grease

or dirt on the connector pins, use a brush dampened with specific
solvent.
– Do not use solvents to clean painted or anodized part and the display.
127
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE: External Connectors
Inspection
External connector must be controlled; loose connectors (especially RF
connectors) may introduce malfunction and/or mismatching.
It is important to check the status of fuses; they should be replaced in

case of contact oxidation.
128
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE: Cooling Fan Operation
Check
Cooling fan operation should be checked every 6 months. Any
mechanical noise from the fan, and lack of airflow strength are failure
clues. If the malfunction is due to accumulated dust or dirt, clean it;
otherwise, the fan must be replaced immediately.
It is important to keep clean the front panel air inlet, to avoid the lack of
airflow strength, and to verify that the internal heatsink is not
obstructed.
– This operation should be done anyway immediately after installation.
129
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE: Equipment Status
Check
When the Equipment is in “Stand Alone” operation, its status should be
checked weekly by browsing the control panel display and verifying
that no alarm is present. In case of alarm occurrence, please refer to
troubleshooting indications of the Technical Manual.
If the Equipment is inside a RCMS (Remote Control & Monitoring

System), this check is no more required because the RCMS performs
continuously the status check.
130
Troubleshooting and Corrective Maintenance
Corrective maintenance includes the following tasks:
– Acknowledgement of the alarm, or detection of the failure.
– Troubleshooting, i.e. identification of the faulty module, or element, or
condition.
– Performing the appropriate corrective action, i.e. replacing the defective
module, or removing the condition that has caused the failure.
Troubleshooting operations may be done according to alarms

messages monitored on Control Panel display.
Maintenance actions are limited to the module and card level, with the
exception of cooling fan and Relay Card. No maintenance activity
down to sub-module and/or component level is foreseen.
–Defective parts should be sent back to SelexES Customer
Service Dept. for repairing.
131
After identification of the defective part, it should be replaced by a new
or reconditioned one in order to re-establish full operating efficiency.
The equipment takes advantage of a modular design, so that quick
replacement of a part is possible simply by unscrewing and/or
extracting the defective module and substituting it.
To replace TX, PS, DM, RX or CP module the operator must follow

these guidelines:
– Switch OFF the equipment.
– Switch OFF AC and DC breakers, or disconnect AC and DC power
sources.
– Disconnect the RF and/or other coaxial cables on the rear side of the
equipment. If replacing PS module, disconnect the AC and DC power
cables together with the grounding wire.
132
– Unscrew the front screws and extract the module. Before extracting the
CP module it is necessary to disconnect the flat cable highlighted in the
figure.
– Remove the defective module.
– Place the new module into its slot and re-screw. Connect again the RF
and/or other coaxial cabling on the rear side of the card. If PS module
has been replaced, connect again the AC and DC power cables along
with the grounding wire.
– Switch ON AC and DC breakers, and then switch ON the equipment.
– If necessary, perform instrumental or operational check.
133
134
Replace the Relay Card
To replace the Relay Card the operator must follow these guidelines:
sources.
– Remove all the cables connected to the Relay.
– Remove the Relay power connector, located below the Relay Card.
– Unscrew the 3 fixing screws.
– Remove the Relay Card from its housing.
– Replace the Relay Card and re-screw it onto the radio subrack.
– Re-insert the Relay power connector.
– Connect the cables that have been previously disconnected.
135
Replace the Relay Card
136
Replace the Cooling Fan
To replace the Cooling Fan the operator must follow these guidelines:
sources.
– Remove the fan connector, located below the cooling fan.
137
Replace the Cooling Fan
Unscrew the 4 cross-screw holding the fan grid (a 7 mm spanner is
necessary to hold the retaining nuts), then remove the 4 cross-screws
holding the fan assy to the conveyor.
– Remove the fan assy.
– Replace the fan assy and re-screw it onto the conveyor.
– Put in position the fan grid; re-screw it (7 mm spanner is necessary to
hold the retaining nuts) and re-insert the fan connector.
138
DTR/DT/DRR/DR100
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

(ARC) - D100 - EN - 02.01 (DTR100v4)

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DTR/DT/DRR/DR100 – V4

Optional Devices and ancillaries

The above listed elements are able to support a huge number of

Optional Devices and ancillaries

When operating in AM, the equipment allows for selection of channel

A dedicated DSP algorithm that implements a narrow-band IF digital

When operating in VoIP, the equipment allows for selection of channel

A dedicated DSP algorithm that implements a narrow-band IF digital

AM-DATA mode is based on AM-MSK modulation in 25 kHz channel

Complementary equipment are:

Optional Devices and ancillaries

PS provides 4 different voltage:

When radio switch on, DM Module starts to communicate with all

The equipment is able to operate in any of the rated operating modes

O&M signals between boards are connected via RS485;

Optional Devices and ancillaries

The PS module provides all the internal voltages required for

The DM module may host a VTCXO in systems that requires a of 1ppm

In addition, full audio facility is provided on Control Panel.

The digital section performs the management of I&Q samples coming

The RF section receives from the digital section I and Q analogue

The Power Amplifier is a high power amplifying stage and it is designed

The RX module provides the full down-conversion and amplification of

CP module performs the following main functions:

PS module provides the following main functions:

The switch common port is then available on an N-female port, to be

This layout allows the receiver section to be normally connected to the

The system is composed by a pair of identical radio equipment

Changeover operation is automatic.

Following actions are foreseen:

DM modules of paired radio equipment are connected via an RS232

AF BACKUP line to/from

Since both equipment are permanently connected to the AF line, the

In case of equipment switching OFF, the paired unit detects un-link

The number of PTT to activate this periodic changeover can be

Changeover may occur on following conditions:

Changeover may occur on following conditions:

The AF lines changeover function is defined as the capability to

On RX path, the evaluation of the line status is done at VCSS by

On RX path, when no CM Tone facility is operated, the equipment

Optional Devices and ancillaries

Different menu/submenus are available and can be displayed. The

Display message Description

Two Noise Blanker modes are allowed:

C/N SQUELCH function is recommended when the equipment is

Over a level that is given by override threshold value, plus the

Parameter Unit Description

VSWR - Current VSWR at the RF output

RF power output Watts Current RF power at the RF output

Modulation depth % Current modulation depth applied on the radiated carrier

RSSI dBm Current receive signal strength indication

Optional Devices and ancillaries

Optional Devices and ancillaries

VDC plug-in: This is the DC supply input connection point, to be used

AC main: This is an IEC 320 standard socket for AC powering,

GND (screw): This is a M3 screw terminal point for connection of

TX output (N-female). This port is the TX direct radio frequency output.

RX IN (SMA-female). This port is the RX radiofrequency input

DIAG connector. This is a 8-pin RJ45 socket, used to connect the

DATA connector. This is a 8-pin RJ45 socket. When operating AM

Usually, a cabling from this port is routed to a MDF located on site, to

The figure of the following slide shows a system configuration where

Another interequipment connection between DATA ports, allows to