Chronology October 16, 1984-January 15, 1985

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Source: Middle East Journal, Vol. 39, No. 2 (Spring, 1985), pp. 333-347
Published by: Middle East Institute
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4327070 .
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October 16, 1984-January15, 1985
ABBREVIATIONS:
CSM, ChristianScience Monitor
FBIS, Foreign BroadcastInformationService
Daily Report-Middle East & North Africa and
South Asia
JP, TheJerusalemPost
LM, Le Monde
MEED, MiddleEast EconomicDigest
MEES, MiddleEast Economic Survey
NS, NewSpot TurkishDigest
NYT, TheNew YorkTimes
WP, The WashingtonPost
WSJ, The WallStreet Journal
Arab-Israeli Conflict
1984
Oct. 17: Israel announced 4 conditions for its
complete withdrawal from Lebanon, and called for
US mediation with concerned Arab states. [10/18
WPI
The UN General Assembly defeated an Iranian
proposal to contest Israel's seat in the Assembly.
[10/18 NYT]
Oct. 20: PLO Chairman Yasir 'Arafat said that the
PLO's policy toward Egypt was "to get closer to it
as far as it moves away from the policies of Camp
David." [10/21 NYT]
Israeli Industry and Trade Minister Ariel Sharon
said he would not accept any Israeli withdrawal
plan that relied on UN forces to protect Israel's
northern border from guerrilla attacks. [10/21 JP]
Oct. 21: Israel announced the 600th Israeli fatality
in Lebanon since the June 1982 invasion, in a
grenade attack in southern Lebanon. It said Israeli
troops killed 3 guerrillas and captured a fourth in a
separate incident. [10/22 WP]
Oct. 22: PLO Chairman 'Arafat said in an interview
that both Arab and non-Arab efforts to rectify
Syrian-Palestinian relations before the Palestine
National Council meeting had "reached a dead
end." [10/23 FBIS]
Israel rejected a Lebanese government demand
that withdrawal talks be held in the framework of
THE MIDDLEEAST JOURNAL, VOLUME39, NO. 2, SPRING1985.
Chronology
4
the UN-sponsored Lebanese-IsraeliMixed Armi-
stice Commissionset up in 1949. [10/22WP]
Oct. 24: Nine guerrrillaswere killed and 3 Israeli
soldiers were wounded in 2 clashes in southern
Lebanon. [10/26JP]
Israeli radio said Israeli police had detained a
Palestinianin connection with the execution-style
slayingsof 2 Israeli students2 days before. [10/25
WPI
DamascusRadio said Syria would not negotiate
directlyor indirectlywith Israelfor the withdrawal
of Israelitroops from Lebanon. [10/25WSJ]
Oct. 28: The Israeli Cabinet adopted a policy on
southern Lebanon calling for US mediation and
ruling out a unilateralIsraeli withdrawal. [10/29
WPI
One person was killed and 10 wounded by a
rocket attackon an Arab bus in Jerusalem.Police
said Jewish terroristsseeking revenge for the Oc-
tober 22 killing of 2 Jews were believed to be
responsible.[10/29NYT]
Oct. 29: Palestinianstudentsat BethlehemUniver-
sity stonedIsraelivehicles in responseto the attack
the day beforeon an Arabbus in Jerusalem.[10/30
NYT]
Oct. 30: The Israeli Knesset adopted a resolution
condemningJewish and Arabterrorismand urging
security services to root it out. [10/31WP]
Israeli Prime Minister Shimon Peres defended
the Israeli government'snew policy of improving
the "qualityof life" for Arabs in the West Bank.
[10/31JP]
333
Oct. 31: The UN announcedthat Israeliand Leba-
nese militaryrepresentativeswould begin talks on
Israeli withdrawalfrom southernLebanonon No-
vember 5 in Naqura, southern Lebanon. [11/1
NYT]
Israeli military authorities closed Bethlehem
University for 4 days after 3 days of rioting.[11/1
NYT]
Nov. 1: Syria announced that it supported UN-
sponsored withdrawaltalks between Israel and
Lebanon but would not guaranteethe security of
Israel's border. [11/2 NYT]
Nov. 3: Israeli police arrestedan Israeli soldierin
connectionwith the October22 rocket attackon a
bus in Jerusalem.[11/4NYT]
Nov. 4: Israel and Lebanonagreed to delay with-
drawaltalks afterLebanesePrimeMinisterRashid
Karamiwas unableto convene a Cabinetsession to
choose a negotiatingteam. [11/5NYT]
Nov. 7: One Israeli soldier was killed and 4
wounded by guerrillasin Sidon, Lebanon. [11/8
WP]
Nov. 8: Israeli and Lebanese militarydelegations
began talks at UNIFIL headquartersin Naqura,
Lebanonon Israeliwithdrawalfrom southernLeb-
anon. [11/9 WP]
Nov. 10: Arabs in East Jerusalem,Bethlehemand
Ramallahstageda striketo protestthe presenceof
Israeli borderpolicemenon the Haramash-Sharif
(TempleMount). [11/11JP]
Fath announced that the Palestine National
Council (PNC) would meet in Amman later in
November, after Algeria and South Yemen re-
ported the failure of their attempts to mediate
between Fath and Syrian-backedfactions of the
PLO. [11/11WP]
Lebanon suspended military negotiations with
Israel until Israel released 4 Amal militialeaders
detainedin Sidon since November8. [11/11 WP]
Nov. 11: Israel proposed a truce arrangementin
southernLebanonto the Amalmilitia.[11/12NYT]
Israeli authorities destroyed 28 Palestinian
houses in the West Bank,bringingthe totalnumber
destroyed in the previous 10 days to 80. [11/12
NYT]
The Syrian government-controlleddaily Al-
Thawrahwarned the PLO not to hold its PNC
meetingin Amman. [11/12NYT]
Nov. 12: Schools and businesses were closed as
southernLebanonwas paralyzedby an anti-Israeli
strike called by Amal militialeadersto protestthe
detentionof Amal officials. [11/13WP]
Nov. 13: PLO officials announced that the PNC
would meet in Amman on November 22. [11/14
WP]
Nov. 14: Lebanondecidedto resumemilitarytalks
with IsraelafterIsraelreleased3 of 4 Amalleaders
arrestedthe previous week. [11/15NYT]
Nov. 15: Israel and Lebanon resumed military
negotiationsin southernLebanon, and the Leba-
334
nese delegate demandedthat Israel pay up to $10
billionin war reparations.[11/16WP]
Nov. 17: Israel released Amal leader Mahmud
Faqih and expelled him from southern Lebanon.
[11/17JP]
Nov. 18: An attemptto hold a full meeting of the
PLO Executive Committeein Tunis failed after a
boycott by Syrian-backedmembers.[11/19NYT]
Nov. 20: Strikes and demonstrationswere held in
southernLebanon to protest the murderof Shi'i
leader Imam 'Abdullahal-Aminon November 14.
Amal leaderNabih Birriaccused Israel of respon-
sibilityfor the murder.[ 11/20FBIS]
Nov. 21: A Palestinianstudentwas killedby Israeli
troops duringa demonstrationat Bir Zeit Univer-
sity in Ramallah.[11/22WP]
Nov. 22: The 17thmeeting of the PNC opened in
Amman. In the opening address JordanianKing
Husayn called for a Middle East peace initiative
based on UN Resolution242. [11/23NYT]
A Palestiniandemonstratorwas shot and killed
by Israelitroops in Ramallah.[11/23NYT]
Nov.23: The PNC voted to oust its speaker,Khalid
Fahfum,who had opposedthe meeting,and elected
'Abd al-Hamidal Sa'ih to replacehim. [11/24WP]
Nov. 27: 'Arafatsubmittedhis resignationas chair-
man of the PLO to the PNC. [11/28WP]
Israeliwarplanesattacked2 Palestinianguerrilla
bases in the Lebanese Biqa' Valley. Lebanese
police said 7 people were killed. [11/28NYT]
Nov. 28: 'Arafatwithdrewhis resignationand was
reconfirmedas PLOchairmanat the PNC meeting.
[11/29WP]
Nov. 29: The PNC meetingin Ammanended with
the reelectionof 'Arafatas chairmanof the execui-
tive committeeand rejectionof any Mideastpeace
settlement based on UN Resolution 242. [11/30
WP]
Dec. 1: A member of the Israeli-sponsoredcivil
guard militia was assassinatedin southern Leba-
non, the seventh Israeli supporter killed in the
region since November21. [12/4LM]
Dec. 3: Egyptian President Husni Mubaraken-
dorsed King Husayn's peace plan calling for a
UN-sponsored Middle East peace conference in
which the PLO would participate.[12/4WP]
Dec. 13: Israelitroops raidedseveral Shi'l villages
in southernLebanonand arrested30 people. Be-
tween 2 and4 Lebanesewere reportedkilled in the
raids. [12/13FBIS]
Dec. 15: Muslimsand Christiansin southernLeba-
non staged a generalstrike to protest Israeli raids
on Shi'i villages on December 13. [12/16JP]
A manshot to deathin Rome the day beforewas
identifiedas PLO memberIsma'il Darwish. [12/16
WPI
Dec. 17:Threepeople were slightlyinjuredwhen a
hand grenadeexploded at a bus stop in Tel Aviv.
[12/18NYT]
Dec. 24: Israeli Prime Minister Peres visited
Bethlehemon Christmaseve. [12/26LM]
 The Israeli High Court of Justice approvedthe defendthe $29perbarrelprice, at the conclusionof
decision of the West Bankmilitarygovernmentnot its emergencysession in Geneva. [11/1 FBIS]
to hold elections in Arab municipalitiesfor fear Dec. 17: OPEC oil ministers began their winter
they would be exploited by the PLO. [12/26LM] meetingin Geneva. [12/20WP]
Dec. 26: Israeli troops arrested 12 people in theDec. 20: The OPECwintermeetingwas adjourned
'Ayn al-HilwarefugeecampnearSidonfollowinga for one week to allow oil ministersto consult with
bomb explosion near a pro-Israelimilitia office. their heads of state. [12/21WP]
[12/26WP] Dec. 28: OPEC oil ministers agreed to set up a
Dec. 29: PLO Executive CommitteememberFahd committeeto police pricingandproductionpolicies
al-Qawasimiwas shot to death in Amman. [12/30 of membernations. [12/29WP]
WP] Dec. 29: OPECoil ministersagreedto adjustprice
Dec. 31: 'ArafatblamedSyriafor the assassination differentialsfor crudeoil in an attemptto keep the
of Fahd al-Qawasmi.[1/1 WP] benchmarkprice of Arabianlight at $29. Algeria
and Nigeriarefusedto cooperate. [12/30WP]
1985
Jan. 7: Israeli and Lebanese negotiatorsresumed
talks at Naquraafter a 17-dayholidayrecess. [1/8
WP]
Israel said it had accepted an Egyptianoffer to
begin talks on the disputedRed Sea coastal strip,
Regional Affairs
Taba. [1/8 WP]
Jan. 8: Israelsaid it wouldnot returnto withdrawal General
talks with Lebanon on January 10 and accused 1984
Lebanonof stalling. [1/9 NYT] Nov. 27: Italianpolice said they hadarrested7 Shi'i
Jan. 9: Israeli warplanes attacked a Palestinian terrorists suspected of belonging to the Islamic
guerrillabase in the Lebanese Biqa' Valley. [1/10 Jihadterroristorganizationwho were planningan
NYT] attackon the US embassy in Rome. [11/28WP]
Jan. 10: The Israeligovernmentannouncedit had Leaders of the 6 member states of the Gulf
approvedsites for 6 new Jewish settlementson the CooperationCouncil(GCC)began their fifth sum-
West Bank. [1/11NYT] mit meetingin Kuwait. [11/28WP]
Jan. 13:The US informedIsraeland Egyptthat US Nov. 29: GCC leaders meeting in Kuwait an-
Secretaryof State George Shultz and Soviet For- nouncedthey had agreedto create a rapiddeploy-
eign Minister Andrei Gromyko had agreed the ment force to defendtheir countriesagainstexter-
Americans and Soviets would hold talks on the nal militarythreats. [NYT]
MiddleEast. [1/14NYT] Dec. 19: Egypt took its seat after a 5-yearabsence
Jan. 14: The Israelicabinetapprovedthe firstpart at the opening of the annual meeting of foreign
of a 3-stagetroop withdrawalfrom Lebanon.[1/15 ministersof the Islamic ConferenceOrganization
WP] (ICO)in Sanaa. [12/19NYT]
Two Israelisoldierswere killedin 2 bombexplo- Dec. 22: The finalcommuniqueof the ICO confer-
sions in southernLebanon. [1/15JP] ence noted that Pakistan's Attorney General
SharifuddinPirzadahad been elected to succeed
Habib Chatti as secretary-generalin 1985. [12/24
FBIS]

Iran-Iraq War
Petroleum Affairs 1984
Oct. 18: Iran said its troops began an offensive
1984 againstIraqipositionsin the centralborderregion
Oct. 23: The oil ministersof 6 OPECcountriesand of Meymakthe nightbefore. It said it had liberated
Mexico and Egypt agreedin principleto a tempo- hundreds of square kilometers and killed or
rary productioncutback. [10/24CSM] wounded hundredsof Iraqi soldiers. Iraq said it
Oct. 28: The OPEC marketmonitoringcommittee hadrepelledthe attack,killing923 Iraniansoldiers,
recommendedthat OPEC cut oil productionto and had attacked Iranian positions near Khur-
propup decliningprices. Nigeriadeclaredit would ramshahrin the south, killinganother250 Iranian
not cut its production.[10/29NYT] soldiers. [10/19WP]
Oct. 29: OPEC began an emergency meeting in Oct. 19:Iransaid Iraqitroopshadpenetratedabout
Geneva. [10/30NYT] ?/2 mile through its lines east of Basra the day
Oct. 31: OPECannouncedthe allocationof tempo- before but said the attackers had been killed or
raryoil productioncuts of 1.5mbarrelsperday, for captured.Iraq said its forces had begun mopping
a new productionceilingof 16mbarrelsper day, to up operationson the centralfront. [10/20WP]

335
 The presidentof the IranChemicalDevelopment
CompanysaidJapaneseworkershadevacuatedthe
petrochemicalplant at Bandar Khomeini. [10/19
FBISJ
An Iranian warplane set the Panaman-
ian-registereddiving supportship Pacific Prospec-
tor afireeast of Bahrain,killing2 persons, accord-
ing to US Defense Departmentsources. [10/20WP]
Oct. 20: Iransaid it had carriedout limitedattacks
to clear the highgroundaroundMeymak.Iraqsaid
the Iranianshad made some progressbut it was
readyinga counterattack,andhadbrokenthe origi-
nal attack. [10/21NYT]
Iraq said it had handed over 100 Iranian
prisoners-of-warat Ankara airport and accused
Iranof renegingon a promiseto release73 Iraqisin
exchange. [10/20JP]
Oct. 21: Iran announcedthat it had driven off 5
Iraqi groundassaults and inflicted 1100casualties
over the weekend in a failed Iraqi attempt to
recoverthe Meymakheights.Iraqsaidat least 2099
Iranianshad been killed in the previous 3 days.
[10/22NYT]
Oct. 22: Iranreporteda lull in fightingwithIraqand
estimated Iraqi losses as 3800 casualties and 30
tanks. Iraq said it continued to attack Iranian
positions, and said total Iranian losses in the
Meymakarea were 2499. [10/23FBIS]
Oct. 23: Iran claimedit had taken 20 squaremiles
of disputed territory, including 5 hills in the
Meymakregion. [10/24WP]
Oct. 25: Iraq said its navy destroyed 4 ships in a
convoy entering Bandar Khomeini canal. [10/25
NYT]
Western militaryexperts in Baghdadsaid Iraq
had recaptured 1 of 2 hilly areas of Sayf Sa'd
(Meymak)occupied by Iranon October 17. [10/25
NYT]
The InternationalCommitteeof the Red Cross
said Iranian guards killed 6 Iraqi prisoners and
wounded 35 others duringan October 10 riot in a
detentioncamp northeastof Tehran.[10/26WSJ]
Tehranradio reportedthat Iran had released72
disabled Iraqi POWs to the Red Cross. [10/26
FBIS]
Oct. 27: Iranian Chief Justice 'Abd al-Karim
Musavi Ardabili said Iran was preparedto drop
some of its conditionsto end the war with Iraqbut
said "5 or 6 otherlittle satans"could not remainin
power. [10/28WP]
Iran and Iraq accused each other of violatinga
UN-sponsored moratoriumon attacking civilian
targets. [10/29FBIS]
Oct. 28: Iranaccused delegatesof the International
Committee of the Red Cross of provoking an
October 9 riot at a POW camp at Gorgan in
northern Iran. It said 3 inmates were killed by
fellow prisoners.[10/29NYT]
Nov. 23: The InternationalCommitteeof the Red
Cross said "graveandrepeatedviolations"by Iran
336
of the Geneva Conventionthreatenedthe survival
of 50,000 IraqiPOWs. [11/24NYT]
Nov. 24: Iranian Prime Minister Mir Husayn
Musaviaccusedthe Red Cross of spyingand said it
must changeits police before it would be allowed
to operatein Iran. [11/25WP]
Dec. 3: The Cypriot supertankerMinotaur was
struckby a missile southof KhargIsland,aftera 6
week lull in attacks. Iraq said its plane had hit a
"largenaval target." [12/4NYT]
Dec. 4: Iraq said its jets had hit a "large naval
target"south of KhargIsland. [12/5NYT]
Dec. 8: An Iranianwarplanehit a Kuwaiti supply
ship in internationalwaters in the northernGulf.
[12/10NYT]
Dec. 9: An Iraqi warplane hit the Bahamian-
registeredoil tankerB. T. Investorsouth of Kharg
Island. [12/10WP]
Dec. 10: Iraqsaid its planeshit a "very largenaval
target"near KhargIsland. [12/11NYT]
Dec. 15:Iraqijets hit the Greek-ownedsupertanker
Ninemiaoutsidethe warzone in the northernGulf.
Two crewmenwere reportedkilled.Iraqsaid it had
attacked2 "naval targets" south of KhargIsland.
[12/16WP]
Dec. 17: Iraqclaimedits warplaneshad hit another
"largenavaltarget." Marinesalvageexecutives in
Bahrainsaid the planes had instead attacked the
Ninemiafor a second time. [12/17NYT]
Iraqiwarplanesattackedthe Greek-ownedcargo
vessel Aegis Cosmic south of the war zone. Iraq
said it had bombeda "naval target." [12/18NYT]
Dec. 18: Iraq said its warplaneshit a "large naval
target" south of KhargIsland. [12/19WP]
Dec. 21: Iraq said its warplanesattacked2 "large
naval targets." Shipping sources confirmed that
the Norwegian supertankerThorshavetand the
LiberiantankerMagnoliawere hit south of Kharg
Island. [12/22NYT]
Dec. 22: Iran rejected a resolution of an Islamic
ConferenceOrganizationforeignministersmeeting
calling on Iran to accept Islamic mediationin its
war with Iraq. [12/23WP]
Dec. 25: The Indian supertankerKanchenjunga
was set afire 70 miles northeastof Qatarby war-
planes believed to be Iranian.[12/26WP]
Dec. 26: Warplanesbelievedto be Iranianset fireto
the SpanishsupertankerAragon 10 miles northof
the Shah OlamShoals. [12/27WP]
Dec. 29: Iraqsaidits warplanesshot down 2 Iranian
warplanesin the southernbattlefront.[12/30WP]
Dec. 30: The Iranianpress agency said Iraqiwar-
planes killed at least 14 people and woundedover
90 othersin bombingattackson 2 Iranianvillages.
[12/31WP]
Dec. 31: Iraq said its warplanes had crippled a
"largenaval target"in the Gulf. [1/1 NYT]
1985
Jan. 7: Iraq said its warplaneshad hit 2 "large
navaltargets"nearKhargIsland.The Panamanian-
registeredfreighterTopazExpress reportedbeing Dec.9: The Polisariosaid24 Moroccansoldiershad
hit by a missile. [1/8 WP] been killed in November 22 and December 6
Jan. 8: Iraq said its warplanesattacked 3 "naval clashes. [12/10FBIS]
targets" south of KhargIsland. Shippingsources Dec. 23: The Polisariosaid 135 Moroccansoldiers
confirmedan attack on the South Korean cargo were killedin a Polisarioattackin the Mahbesarea
vessel Hanlim Mariner.[1/9 NYT] the day before. [12/26FBIS]
Jan. 10: Iraq said its warplaneshad hit a "large Dec. 26: The Polisariosaid 100 Moroccansoldiers
naval target" near KhargIsland. [1/11JP] were killedin a December24 attackin the Mahbes
Jan. 11: Iraqsaid its warplaneshit I mediumand I area. [12/27FBIS]
large"navaltarget"nearKhargIsland.[1/11NYT] Dec. 31: The Polisariosaid 107 Moroccansoldiers
Jan. 14: Iran said its air force had inflictedconsid- were killedin Polisarioattacksbetween December
erable losses and casualties the day before in 22-28. [1/2 FBIS]
bombingattacks on an Iraqi militarygarrison80
kilometersinside Iraq. [1/14 FBIS] 1985
Iran said it shot down an Iraqi warplaneover Jan. 2: The Polisario said it killed 65 Moroccan
Iranianwaters in the Gulf. Iraq said its warplanessoldierson December31. [1/3 FBIS]
hit a "largenaval target"near KhargIsland. [1/15 Jan. 3: The Polisariosaid it killed 250 Moroccan
WP] soldiersin January1 fightingin the Mahbesregion.
[1/4 FBIS]
Western Sahara Jan. 11: The Middle East Economic Digest re-
portedthat Morocco had startedbuildinga fourth
1984 defense wall across its border with Algeria to
Oct. 16: The Polisario claimed that its "Great preventfurtherPolisarioattacks. [1/11MEED]
Maghrib"offensive launched on October 13 had Jan. 13: The Polisarioclaimed 311 Moroccansol-
destroyed the entire Moroccan military defense diers were killedand 1 Moroccanaircraftwas shot
system near Zag, and killed75 Moroccansoldiers. down in a Polisario attack the day before. [1/14
Morocco confirmed fierce fighting in an attack FBIS]
which it said was preparedand carriedout from Jan. 14: Morocco announced that 25 Moroccan
Algerianterritory.It said 37 Moroccansoldiersand soldiers and 70 Polisario rebels were killed in
176 Polisario guerrillas had been killed. [10/17 fightingon January12 in the Mahbes region, and
FBIS] that one of its planes was shot down by a missile
Oct. 25: Moroccan King Hassan II warned that launchedfromthe territoryof a neighboringcoun-
Morocco would pull out of the Organizationfor try. [1/15FBIS]
African Unity (OAU) if the SahrawiArab Demo- The Polisario said it shot down 2 Moroccan
cratic Republic (SADR) was admitted to the aircraftthe day before. [1/14FBIS]
plannedOAU summitin November. [10/26FBIS] Jan. 14: Moroccoannouncedthat its armedforces
Nov. 6: The Polisario claimed to have killed 13 workingon the constructionof the last part of the
Moroccan soldiers in the northeast Western Sa- securitywall had clashed with "mercenaries"the
hara. [11/6 FBIS] day before. [1/14FBIS]
Nov. 11: Nigeriaannouncedit wouldrecognizethe
SADR. [11/12NYT]
Nov. 12: Morocco and Zaire withdrewfrom the
OAU summitto protestthe seatingof the SADRat
the summitmeetingin Addis Adaba.Moroccoalso
announcedthat it was withdrawingfrom the OAU
itself. [11/13WP]
Nov. 24: The Polisariosaid 136Moroccansoldiers
had been killed between November 6-20 in the Afghanistan
continuingGreatMaghriboffensive. [11/26FBIS] (See also, Pakistan,Saudi Arabia)
Nov. 28: Morocco said 114 Polisarioguerrillasand
14 Moroccan soldiers were killed in a clash on 1984
November25 in the WesternSahara.The Polisario Oct. 20: RadioAfghanistanannouncedthat French
said it had killed72 Moroccansoldiersin an attack television reporter Jacques Abouchar had been
in the Haouza area on November27. [11/29FBIS] sentencedto 18 years in prisonfor spying, entering
Nov. 29: Morocco broke diplomaticrelationswith the countryillegally, and helping "counterrevolu-
Yugoslaviathe day after the latter recognizedthe tionaries." [10/21NYT]
SADR. [11/29FBIS] Oct. 22: Franceformallyprotestedto Afghanistan
Dec. 5: The UN General Assembly adopted a the 18-year prison sentence given to Jacques
resolutioncallingon Morocco and the Polisarioto Abouchar.[10/23WP]
undertakedirectnegotiationsto achievea ceasefire Oct. 25: PresidentBabrakKarmalsaid Abouchar
in the WesternSahara.[12/7 LM] would be pardoned.[10/26WP]

337
Oct. 27: Kabul radio reported that Abouchar had
been released and flown to Paris. [10/28 JP]
Oct. 30: Western diplomats reported that Afghan
rebels had increased rocket attacks on Kabul dur-
ing the previous week, and shot down at least 4
Soviet helicopters. [10/30 FBIS]
Nov. 2: A message from rebel leader Ahmad Shah
Massoud reported by Agence France Presse said
Soviet and Afghan forces had launched a new
offensive in the Panjshir and neighboring valleys on
October 26. [11/2 FBIS]
Nov. 4: Nine people were executed for the August
31 bomb explosion at Kabul airport. [11/5 FBIS]
Kabul radio reported that 5 people were killed
and 16 wounded by a November 3 rebel missile
attack in Kabul. [11/5 CSM]
Nov. 15: The UN General Assembly approved a
resolution calling for the withdrawal of Soviet
troops from Afghanistan. [11/16 WP]
Nov. 20: Western diplomatic sources said Afghan
rebels had killed a Soviet general by shooting down
his helicopter on November 13, and also destroyed
7-9 planes and 1-3 helicopters at a Soviet base at
Kandahar on November 10. [1 1/21 LM]
Nov. 24: Radio Afghanistan reported that 4 people
were killed and 18 wounded in a guerrilla missile
attack in Kabul. [ 11/26 WP]
Nov. 27: The New York Times reported that the US
had earmarked $280m in covert military aid to
Afghan rebels in 1985. [11/28 NYT]
Dec. 3: Kabul radio reported that President Karmal
had appointed Army Chief of Staff Brig. Gen.
Nazar Muhammad to replace Lt. Gen. Abdul Qadir
as Defense Minister. [12/4 WP]
Dec. 25: Le Monde reported heavy fighting in
northern Panjshir Valley, according to sources
close to rebel forces. [12/25 LM]
Rebel sources said Soviet and Afghan forces had
launched 2 major offensives in eastern Afghanistan
in an attempt to seal the border with Pakistan.
[12/26 FBIS]
Algeria
(See also, Petroleum Affairs, Regional
Affairs, Saudi Arabia)
1984
Oct. 19: French President Frangois Mitterrand met
with President Chadli Benjedid during a brief visit
to Algeria. [10/19 FBIS]
Oct. 23: President Benjedid signed a pardon decree
granting the posthumous rehabilitation of 21 Alge-
rians, including Mohamed Khider and Krim
Belkacem. [10/25 LM]
Oct. 26: Algeria and Mauritania signed an agree-
ment on ways to redraw their mutual border in the
Sahara. [11/2 MEED]
338
Nov. 1: The official commemorationof the 30th
anniversaryof the Algerianrevolutionwas held in
Algiers. Those attendingincludedFrench Foreign
Minister Claude Cheysson, Libyan Staff Major
'Abd al-SalamAhmad Jallud, Moroccan Foreign
MinisterAbdelouahedBelkziz, Deputy Chairman
of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet Pavel
Gilashvili, and US Energy Secretary Donald
Hodel. [11/2LM]
Nov. 5: Lebanese PresidentAmin al-Jumayyilleft
Algeriaafter talks with Benjedid.[11/6FBIS]
Nov. 7: UAE PresidentShaykhZayidbin SultanAl
Nuhayyan arrived in Algiers on a "friendly and
workingvisit." [11/8FBIS]
Dec. 13: Elections for local popularassembly rep-
resentatives were held throughoutthe country.
[12/13LM]
Bahrain
(See also, RegionalAffairs)
1985
Jan. 13: Jordanian King Ijusayn arrived in
Manamaon a one-day visit. [1/14FBIS]
Cyprus
1984
Dec. 12: UN Secretary General Javier Perez de
Cuellarannouncedthat a summitmeetingbetween
Cypriot President Spiros Kiprianouand Turkish
CypriotleaderRauf Denktashwould be convened
on January17. [12/13WP]
Dec. 22: President Kiprianouannounced he was
ending his alliance with the Communist Party.
[12/25LM]
Jan. 7: Kiprianoureshuffledhis Cabinet:
GeorgiosIacovou:Foreign Affairs
ConstantinosKittis:Finances
Constantinos Michaelides: Minister to the
President
Rois Nicolaides:Interior
Stelios Katsellis:Defense
Andreas Papasolomontos:Agriculture & Natural
Resources
ChristosPelekanos:Health
AndreasChristophides:Education
MichalakisMichaelides:Commerce & Industry
Christos Mavrellis: Communications & Public
Works
AndreasMousiouttas:Labor & Social Security
DemitriosLiveras:Justice
Elias Eliades:Deputy Minister of the Interior [1/1I
MEED]
1985
Jan. 11: The Middle East Economic Digest re- Jan. 1: Mubarakfreed Coptic Pope ShanfidaIII
portedthe resignationof 3 ministersof the Turkish from his 3-year banishmentand allowed him to
Republic of Northern Cyprus: Labor Minister resumehis papalduties. [1/2 WP]
Hasan Ozbafli;Ministerof Trade& IndustryFuat
Veziroglu; and Minister of the Interior Oktay
Feridun.[1/11 MEED]
Egypt
(See also, Arab-Israeli Conflict, Regional
Affairs, Petroleum Affairs, Jordan, Libya,
Sudan)
1984
Oct. 21: JordanianCrown Prince Hasan met in
Cairo with President Husni Mubarak during a
4-day visit to Egypt. [10/22WSJ]
Oct. 25: PresidentMubarakreorganizedthe politi-
cal bureauof the NationalDemocraticParty.Eight
ministers, including Defense Minister 'Abd al-
Halim Abu Ghazala and Culture Minister 'Abd
al-HamidRadwan, were dropped. New members
included People's Assembly Speaker Rifat al-
Malifub and Foreign Minister 'Ismat 'Abd al-
Majid.[10/25NYT]
Oct. 27: Egypt said it would holdjoint maneuvers
in the Mediterraneanwith the US Sixth Fleet on
November 5-7. [10/28JP]
Nov. 2: Mubarakreturnedto Egyptfollowingvisits
to France and West Germany.[11/5FBIS]
Nov. 3: The Egyptian Supreme Court accused
security police of torturingmore than half of the
281 Muslimfundamentalistdefendantsin a trialon
sedition and murderchargeswhich ended on Sep-
tember30. [11/5NYT]
Nov. 10: Sudanese President Ja'far al-Numayri
arrivedon a 2-day visit to Egypt. [11/13FBIS]
Nov. 22: About 1000students at al-AzharUniver-
sity protestedthe deaththe day beforeof a student
who was struckby a police car. Police detained64
students. [11/23FBIS]
Nov. 26: Al-Azhar University was closed for 2
weeks by the governmentand some 300 students
were arrestedfollowingdemonstrationsby under-
graduates.[11/27LM]
Nov. 28: Mubarakdenied Libyan assertions that
Egypt was preparingto invade Libya, but con-
firmed that "precautions" were being taken on
their mutualborder. [12/3MEES]
Dec. 1: King Husaynof Jordanarrivedin Cairoon
a 3-day state visit. [12/2NYT]
Dec. 2: King Husayn denouncedthe CampDavid
accords in a speech before the Egyptian parlia-
ment. [12/3NYT]
1985
Iran
(See also, RegionalAffairs,Turkey)
1984
Oct. 18: The Majlis rejected Prime Minister Mir
Ijusayn Musavi's nomination of Col. Farrukh
'AZ!miI'timadias defense minister.[10/19NYTI
Oct. 21: The TehrannewspaperKayhan reported
that Iranhad ruledout agreementwith Turkeyon
joint operationsagainst Kurdishguerrillasin bor-
der areas. [10/22WP]
Oct. 25: Col. Isma'il Suhrabiwas appointedChief
of the IranianArmed Forces General Staff. He
replacedBrig. Gen Qasim 'Ali Zahirnezhad,who
became Ayatallah RuihallahKhumayni's repre-
sentativeon the SupremeDefense Council. [10/26
FBIS]
Oct. 28: The Iraniannews agency reportedthat a
bomb exploded at the residence of the Iranian
ambadassorto the Vatican. [10/21FBIS]
Nov. 5: Isfahanradio reportedthat Iran had final-
ized plansfor the country'sfirstnuclearreactor,to
be completed at the beginningof the next year.
[11/6FBIS]
Nov. 6: Iraniantroops in Tehranstormeda Saudi
jet hijackedto Iran by 2 Yemenis and freed the
hostages. The hijackerswere grantedpoliticalasy-
lum in Iran, according to Iranian officials. [11/7
WP]
Nov. 8: Tehran radio said Ayatallah Khumayni
would go into seclusion for 2 weeks beginning
November 11. [11/9 WP]
The SupremeJudicialCouncildesignatedspecial
courts to deal with bribery, embezzlement and
fraud as part of a governmentcampaignagainst
corruption.[11/12NYT]
Nov. 21: The TehrannewspaperKayhan reported
that 5 officialsof the Ministryof Heavy Industry
had been sentencedin special corruptioncourts to
be flogged, fined and sent into internal exile for
acceptingbribes. [11/23CSM]
Nov. 26: TahmasbMazahiriwas appointeddeputy
primeministerand supervisorof the Foundationof
the Oppressed.[l1/27 FBIS]
Dec. 4: A Kuwaitijetliner was hijacked to Iran.
One hostage was reportedkilled. [12/5WP]
Iran said it would replace 2 Iranianjudges on a
US-Iranianclaims tribunalwho had assaulted a
Swedishjudge on September3. [12/5WP]
Dec. 5: Iran said a hostage killed by hijackers
holding a Kuwaiti plane in Tehran was a US
339
diplomat,and that the hijackershad demandedthe
release of prisonersin Kuwait. [12/6 WP]
Dec. 7: Hijackersof a Kuwaitiplanein Tehransaid
they had killed 2 American and 2 Kuwaiti pas-
sengers and threatenedto kill 2 Kuwaitidiplomats
and an Americanofficialunless Kuwaitreleaseda
group of convicted terrorists, according to the
Iranianpress agency. [12/8 WP]
Dec. 8: The Kuwaiti parliamentcalled on Iran to
"intervene seriously" to free the hostages of a
Kuwaiti plane in Tehranand backed the Kuwaiti
government's refusal to meet the hijackers' de-
mands. [12/9 WP]
Dec. 9: Iraniansecurityforces stormedthe hijacked
Kuwaiti airliner in Tehran, arresting4 hijackers
and freeingthe 9 remaininghostages. [12/10WP]
Dec. 11: The US criticized Iran for having en-
couraged"extremebehavior"by hijackersin Iran
and demandedthat Iranprosecutethe hijackersor
extradite them for trial. It confirmedthat 2 US
Agency for InternationalDevelopmentofficialshad
been killed. [12/12WP]
Dec. 13: Prime Minister Musavi indicated that
hijackersof a Kuwaitiairlinercould only be extra-
ditedif an oppositionleaderin Francewas returned
to Iran. [12/13WP]
Dec. 18: Iran said it would try 4 hijackerswho
killed2 Americansaboarda Kuwaitijetliner.[12/19
WP]
Dec. 25: The Iraniannews agency reportedthat a
car bomb explosion in Tehran killed at least 4
people and injured50. It accused American"ter-
rorist agents" of responsibility.[12/26WP]
Dec. 26: A bombexplodedin Tehran.No casualties
were reported.[12/27WP]
Iraq
(See also, RegionalAffairs,Turkey)
1984
Oct. 16: King Husayn of Jordan held talks in
Baghdadwith PresidentSaddamHusayn duringa
one-day visit to Iraq. [10/17FBIS]
Oct. 18: Foreign Minister Tariq 'Aziz arrivedin
Moscow for a one-day workingvisit. [10/19NYT]
Oct. 20: Two hundredfifty memberswere elected
to the nationalassembly. [10/26MEED]
Oct. 24: Iraq confirmedthat it had agreedon joint
action with Turkey against Kurdishguerrillasin
borderareas, includinga possible pursuitinto each
other's territory.[10/25JP]
Oct. 29: Westernand Arabdiplomatssaid Kurdish
separatistsin northernIraq had increasedattacks
on government troops after a cease-fire ended
earlierin the month. [10/30NYT]
Nov. 3: Kurdish rebel sources said Iraq had ex-
ecuted over 37 army deserters of Kurdishorigin
340
since it broke off negotiationsseveral days before
with Kurdishrebels. [11/4 WP]
Nov. 26: The US and Iraqannouncedat the conclu-
sion of a meetingbetween ForeignMinister'Aziz
and US PresidentRonald Reagan in Washington
that they had resumeddiplomaticrelationsbroken
by Iraqin 1967. [11/27WP]
Dec. 12: An interior ministry spokesman said 2
childrenwere killed and 5 people wounded in a
bombblastin Baghdad,andcharged"agentsof the
Iranianand Syrian regimes" with responsibility.
[12/14JP]
Israel
(See also, Arab-IsraeliConflict,Sudan)
1984
Oct. 17: US Defense SecretaryCasparWeinberger
announcedat the end of a visit to Israelthat the US
wouldgrantIsraelaccess to technologyneededfor
its Lavi fighterjet. [10/18NYT]
Oct. 22: Prime Minister Shimon Peres told the
Knesset thatthe Israeligovernmenthaddecidedto
deferactionon whathe saidwas a US offerto defer
a $500mdebt payment.[10/23NYT]
Oct. 23: The government adopted an economic
plan which included a wage and price freeze,
35-40%cut in real gross wages, and dismissal of
thousandsof civil servants. [10/24JP]
Nov. 4: A 3-monthfreeze on prices, wages and
taxes went into effect after government,Histadrut
laborunionand privateemployers'representatives
reachedagreementon an economic plan. [11/4JP]
Nov. 5: South African Foreign Minister Roelof
Botha met with ForeignMinisterYitzhak Shamir
duringa "privatevisit" to Israel. [11/6 NYT]
Nov. 13: A $50mlibel suit by Industryand Trade
MinisterAriel Sharonagainst Time Inc. began in
New York. [11/14WP]
Dec. 5: PrimeMinisterPeres arrivedin Parisfor a
4-day officialvisit to France. [12/5FBIS]
Dec. 11: The US Defense Departmentconfirmed
that US and Israelinaval vessels were conducting
joint anti-submarineexercises in the Mediterra-
nean. [12/12WP]
SephardiTorah Guardians(Shas) party leader
RabbiYitzhakPeretzinformedPeres thatShas was
withdrawingfrom the government.[12/12JP]
Dec. 16: Shas leaderPeretz submittedhis letter of
resignationas MinisterwithoutPortfolioto Peres.
[12/17NYT]
Dec. 20: National Religious Party leader Yosef
Burgbecameministerfor religiousaffairsand Shas
leader Peretz became ministerof the interiorin a
compromise which averted the collapse of the
coalitiongovernment.[12/21NYT]
Dec. 21: The US State Departmentsaid it would
not grantIsrael's requestfor an $800memergency Kuwait
grant until Israel adopted a more effective eco- (See also, RegionalAffairs,Iran)
nomic austerityprogram.[12/22NYT]
Dec. 25: The Knesset deprivedKach partyleader 1984
Meir Kahaneof freedomof movementgrantedby Oct. 18: The WallStreetJournalreportedthat the
the Knesset membersImmunityLaw. [12/26JP] Kuwaiti stock exchange would begin supervising
Dec. 31: A reportby the State Comptrolleron the the unofficialal-Manakhstock market.[10/18WSJ]
October 1983 collapse of Israeli bank stocks
sharplycriticized the roles of governmentinstitu-
tions and commercialbanks. [1/1 JP] 1985
Jan. 13: JordanianKing Husayn met with Amir
Shaykh Jabir al-AhmadAl Sabah during a short
1985 visit to Kuwait. [1/14FBIS]
3:
Jan. Israelacknowledged thatover 10,000Ethio-
pian Jews had been brought to Israel in recent
years. [1/4 WP]
Jan. 6: A spokesmanfor the Jewish Agency said
the airlift of Ethiopian Jews to Israel had been
halted. [1/7 NYT]
Lebanon
(See also, Arab-Israeli Conflict, Algeria,
Libya, Syria)
Jordan
(See also, Arab-Israeli Conflict, Bahrain, 1984
Egypt, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Oct. 16:Husaynal-Husayniwas elected speakerof
Arabia) the Chamberof Deputies,replacingKamilal-Asad.
[10/17NYT]
Oct. 20: Six people died in clashes between rival
1984 militiasin Tripoli.[10/20JP]
Oct. 30: King Husayn criticizedUS policies in the Oct. 22: The governmentannouncedit would at-
Middle East and said he plannedto buy weapons temptto close illegal ports. [10/23WP]
from the Soviet Union since the US refusedto sell Beirut radio stations reported that at least 4
arms to Jordan.[10/31WP] peoplehadbeen killedand 1 woundedin fightingat
Nov. 1: 'Abdullah'Uwaydatresignedas ministerof a refugee camp in
Bud al-Barajnahin southern
culture,youth& antiquities,'Abdal-SalamKan'an Beirut. [10/23NYT]
resignedas ministerof social development,andthe Oct. 29: East and West Beirut were hit by shells
Cabinetwas reshuffled: and rockets for the first time in 4 months during
Tahir Hikmat: Culture, Tourism, & Antiquities fightingbetween Druze militiamenand Lebanese
Taysir 'Abd al-Jabir: Labor & Social Development armytroopsfightingnearSuq al-Gharb.[10/30WP]
Farhi 'Ubayd: Transportation Nov. 2: Seven civilianswere woundedin gunbattles
Hisham al-Khatjb: Energy & Mineral Wealth between militiamenwhich forced Lebanese army
'Abdullahal-Nusuir:Planning troops to close all but one crossing between East
Hani al-Khasawinah:Youth and West Beirut. [11/3 WP]
[1112FBIS] Nov. 3: The Lebanese armybegan enforcementof
Dec. 4: A Jordaniandiplomat, 'Azmi Mufti, was a governmentban on illegal ports. [11/4NYT]
shot and killed by a gunmanin Bucharest. [12/5 Nov.9: The heaviestfightingsince Julybrokeout in
WP] Beirut. [11/10NYT]
Dec. 10: KingHusaynheld talkswith BritishPrime Nov. 14: The Cabinetnamed Maj. Gen. Mahmuid
Minister Margaret Thatcher in London. [12/12 Tayy AbuiDarghamas army chief of staff, and
FBIS] approveda planfor the armyto take over security
Dec. 14: Husayn met with French President for the coastal highwayfrom Beirut to the Awali
Fran9oisMitterrandduringa visit to France.[12/17 river. [11/15WP]
FBIS] Nov. 17: Heavy fightingbroke out between Leba-
nese armytroopsand Druze militiamenin the hills
1985 above Beirut. [11/17WP]
Jan. 5: EgyptianPresidentHusni Mubarakmet for Nov. 24: Syrian Vice President 'Abd al-Halim
3 hours with Husayn at Aqaba. [1/6 NYT] Khaddammet in Bikfayya with President Amin
Jordanconfirmedthatit hadpurchasedSoviet air al-Jumayyiland Lebanese Cabinet members on
defense equipmentand said it was trying to buy plans to deploy the Lebanese army in Beirut and
weapons from Britainand France. [1/7 WP] along the coastal road. [11/25NYT]

341
Nov. 26: About 6000 Lebanesearmytroopsmoved
into militia-controlledareas of Beirut in the first
phase of a governmentsecurityplan. [11/27WP]
Nov. 29: A car bomb in Aley and shellingin East
Beirut killed 6 people and wounded 19. [11/30
NYT]
Dec. 2: Druze and Christianmilitias engaged in
heavy artillery and rocket battles in the Iqltm
al-Kharrubregion. [12/3JP]
Dec. 8: Fighting continued for the third day be-
tween DruzemilitiamenandLebanesearmytroops
aroundSuq al-Gharb.[12/9NYT]
Dec. 11: Fierce fightingbetween Druze militiamen
and Lebanese army troops continuedaroundSuq
al-Gharband between Druze and Christianmilitias
in the Kharruibregion. [12/12JPj
Dec. 12: A car bomb explodednear a Druze meet-
ing house in West Beirut, killing 2 people and
wounding12. [12/13NYT]
Dec. 14:Gunmenshot andkilledDruzeseniorarmy
officerLt. Col. MahmudAbfi Rabi'ahand his aide
in West Beirut. [12/15NYT]
Dec. 17: Three civilians were reported killed as
artillerybattlescontinuedin the Kharrfub andWest
and East Beirut were hit by shells. [12/18NYT]
Dec. 20: The Lebanese army took over control of
Tripolifrom privatemilitias. [12/21NYT]
Dec. 21: A car bombexplosionin the Druzevillage
of Ra's al-Matneast of Beirut killed 3 people and
wounded29. [12/22NYT]
Dec. 22: Five civilianswere reportedwoundedin 2
bomb explosions in West Beirut. [12/23WP]
Dec. 26: The Cabinetauthorizedthe army to take
over and reopen the coastal highway. [12/27WP]
1985
Jan. 1: Fighting outside Beirut intensified and
relatives of missing Lebanese blocked roads be-
tween East and West Beirutfor the sixth day. [1/2
WP]
Jan. 4: The Swiss charged'affaireswas kidnapped
in West Beirut. [1/4 WP]
Jan. 7: The Swiss charge was released unharmed.
[1/8 WP]
Jan. 8: The American head of Catholic Relief
Services in Beirut, Rev. LawrenceMartinJenco,
was kidnappedby gunmenin West Beirut.[1/9WP]
The body of a senior French militaryobserver
was foundnearthe museumcrossingbetweenEast
and West Beirut. [1/9 WP]
The government sent 200 policemen 10 miles
southof Beirutto clear the way for the deployment
of troops to open the coastal highway.[1/9 NYT]
Jan. 9: A bomb explosion at a Christian-owned
restaurantin West Beirut killed at least 3 people
and wounded 13. [1/10 WP]
Jan. 11: A bomb explosion in West Beirutkilled 3
people and wounded27. [1/12 WP]
An anonymouscaller to a foreign news agency
said the Islamic Jihad terroristorganizationwas
342
holding Rev. Jenco of Catholic Relief Services.
[1/12WP]
Jan. 12: Three bomb explosions in West Beirut
killedat least 4 people and injured46 others. [1/13
WP]
The Lebanese army began deploying its forces
along the southerncoastal road. [1/13WP]
Jan. 14: Two Frenchmilitaryobserverswere shot
to deathin the Beirutsuburbof Bun al-Barajnah.A
caller claimed responsibilityon behalf of the Is-
lamicJihadand warnedthat it would try as spies 5
Americansit saidit was holdinghostage. [1/15WP]
Libya
(See also, Egypt, Sudan,Tunisia)
1984
Oct. 21: The Libyan news agency Jana reported
that Libyan authoritieswere negotiatingwith So-
viet officialsfor the constructionof a nuclearpower
stationin Libya. [10/22JP]
Oct. 22: LebanesePresidentAminal-Jumayyilmet
in Tripoli with Head of State Mu'ammar al-
Qadhdhafi during an overnight visit to Libya.
[10/23FBIS]
Oct. 27: Libya announced that former Tunisian
Foreign MinisterMohamedMasmoudihad been
appointedas Libyanambassadorto the UN. [10/30
FBIS]
Nov. 1:Jana reportedthatremainingLibyantroops
had withdrawnfrom Faya-Largeauand Fada in
Chadthe day before. [11/2 FBIS]
Nov. 6: UAE PresidentShaykhZayidbin SultanAl
Nuhayyan met with Qadhdhafiduring a visit to
Libya. [11/7FBIS]
Nov. 11: Franceand Libya announcedthe comple-
tion of the withdrawalof their troops from Chad.
[11/11 WP]
Nov. 13: The official Chadianpress agency said
Libyan troops had not withdrawn from Chad.
[11/14NYT]
Nov. 14: The US State Departmentsaid a substan-
tial numberof Libyan troops remainedin Chad.
[11/15WP]
Nov. 15: Qadhdhafiheld talks with French Presi-
dent Francois Mitterrandon Crete. Greek Prime
MinisterAndreas Papandreouacted as mediator.
[11/16WP]
Nov. 16: PresidentMitterrandacknowledgedthat
some Libyantroopsremainedin Chad. [11/17WP]
Jana reported that a Libyan "suicide squad"'
had killed former Libyan Prime Minister 'Abd
al-HamtdBakkfishin Cairo. [11/17WP]
Nov. 17: Egypt announcedit had foiled a Libyan
plot to kill Libyan oppositionfigureBakkushand
tricked Qadhdhdfi- into announcinghis assassina-
tion. Egyptian President Husni Mubarak said
Qadhdhafi was plotting to assassinate several
Westernand Arab leaders. [ 1/18 NYT]
Nov. 19:Qadhdhafiannouncedat the end of a 3-day
visit to Malta that Malta and Libya had signed a
friendshiptreaty. [11/20FBIS]
Nov. 22: Libyan Foreign Minister 'Ali 'Abd al-
Salam Turayki said Libyan troops remained in
Chadfor "technicalreasons." [ 1/23 WP]
Dec. 1: The WashingtonPost reportedthata treaty
between Libya and Maltasigned on November 19
called for Libyan military training of Maltese
forces and Libyan assistance to Malta "in case of
threatsor aggression." [12/1WP]
Dec. 20: Qadhdhafimet with SpanishPrimeMinis-
ter Felipe Gonzalez in Majorca, Spain. [12/21
NYT]
1985
Jan. 13: Libyan diplomatFaraj 'Umar Makhiyfin
was killed by a gunmanin Rome. [1/14NYT]
Morocco
(See also, RegionalAffairs)
1984
Nov. 1: Nine student inmates in prison in Beni-
Mellalwent on a hungerstrikeon October18, and
5 of themwere hospitalized,accordingto relatives.
[11/3 LM]
Nov. 8: Ministerof NationalEducationAzzeddine
Larakiresignedfromthe IstiqlalParty.[11/9FBIS]
Nov. 18: UAE PresidentShaykhZayid bin Sultan
Al Nuhayyan arrivedin Morocco for a visit of a
few days. [11/21FBIS]
Nov. 20: The presidentof a Moroccanhumanrights
group said in Paris that 6 prisonerscondemnedto
death at the central prison at Kenitrahad under-
gone a hungerstrikeon November3 in supportof
hungerstrikersat Marrakesh,Essaouiraand Safi.
[11/22LM]
Oman
(See also, RegionalAffairs,UAE)
1985
Jan. 11:TheMiddleEast EconomicDigest reported
that Sayyidal-Mu'tasimbin Hamadal-Busaydiwas
appointedregionalandmunicipalaffairsminister,a
new post. [1/11 MEED]
Jan. 14: Jordan's King Husayn met with Sultan
Qabfisbin Sa'id duringa brief visit to Oman.[1/15
FBIS]
Pakistan
(See also, RegionalAffairs,Afghanistan)
Oct. 17: Five people were killed and 88 arrested
near Hyderabadas police attemptedto search 2
buses. [10/19NYT]
Oct. 18: The family of banned PakistanPeople's
Party presidentGulamMustafaJatoi said he had
been releasedafter 14 monthsof detention. [10/19
JP]
Oct. 19: Three universities were closed in Sind
province following the death of 5 students in a
clash with police on Oct. 17. [10/19FBIS]
Oct. 22: Karachiradio announcedthat all schools
and colleges in Hyderabadwould remain closed
until October 26. Agence France Presse (AFP)
reportedthatsecurityforces in SindProvincewere
put on alert on the fourth day of student demon-
strations protesting the October 17 shooting of
studentsby police. [10/23FBIS]
Oct. 23: Dacca radio reportedthat Pakistanicivil-
ians were being evacuatedfromthe PunchDistrict
borderwith India as Pakistaniand Indian troops
continueda heavy exchange of fire begun on Oc-
tober 18. [10/23FBIS]
Oct. 24: Fourpeoplewere killedand38 woundedin
3 explosions over 2 days in Peshawar,Pirachinar,
and Islamabad.[10/26LM]
An officialPakistanispokesmandenied reports
of recent clashes between India and Pakistan in
Kashmirand PunchDistrict. [10/25FBIS]
Oct. 25: The Wall Street Journal reportedthat US
President Ronald Reagan had warned President
MuhammadZia ul-Haqin a September12personal
letterthatPakistanriskedlosing US militaryassist-
ance if it continueda nuclear weapons program.
[10/25WSJ]
Pakistan protested to Afghanistanover viola-
tions of its airspace and shooting in Chitral in
which one person was killed on October 21. Af-
ghanistanprotestedto Pakistanover provocations
by border troops on October 19 and 22 east of
Barikotwhichkilledandwoundedseveralcivilians
and militarypersonnel,accordingto Kabul radio.
[10/26FBIS]
AFP reported that 3 suspected Afghan secret
police agentshadbeen arrestedin connectionwith
the October 24 bomb explosion in a cinema in
Peshawar.Officialssaid the deathtoll in the explo-
sion had risen to 5. [10/26FBIS]
Oct. 28: The governor of Pakistan's North West
Frontier Province said that the anti-government
al-Zulfiqarorganizationhad reestablishedits head-
quartersin Kabul,Afghanistan.[10/29JP]
Oct. 29: Pakistansaid 4 people were killed in an
Afghanbombingattackon the villageof Aranduin
the Chitralregion. [10/30WP]
Oct. 31: The Pakistan Cabinet declared a 3-day
period of mourningfor the death of IndianPrime
MinisterIndiraGandhi.[11/1 FBIS]
343
Nov. 1: PresidentZia offeredIndianPrimeMinister
RajivGandhihis full supportin effortsto createan
atmosphereof trust between the 2 countries.[11/2
NYT]
Nov. 18: A lawyer's groupsaid 31 Pakistaniswere
staginga hungerstriketo protesttheirmilitarytrial
in Lahore on chargesof plottingto overthrowthe
government.[11/19NYT]
Nov. 20: The governmentacknowledgedthatpoliti-
cal prisonersat Kot-Lakhpatprisonin Lahorehad
been staginga hungerstrikefor morethana month.
[11/23LM]
Nov. 24: A Pakistaniofficialsaid that about 10,000
unmarriedAfghanrefugeeshadbeen expelledfrom
Peshawar and 5000 would be expelled the next
month. [11/25NYT]
Dec. 1: Zia announceda December 19 referendum
on his Islamic policies, approvalof which would
mean his reelection as president for another 5
years. [12/2 WP]
Dec. 5: The 11-partyoppositionallianceMovement
for the Restorationof Democracy(MRD)calledfor
a boycott of the December 19 referendum.[12/5
FBIS]
The governmentsaid that those who boycotted
an election or referendumor incited others not to
participatewould be fined or jailed or both. [12/6
FBIS]
Dec. 6: AFP reportedthat Sunnimobs burnedShi'i
mosques and homes duringclashes in Karachion
the anniversary of the birth of the Prophet
Muhammad.[12/7 FBIS]
Dec. 9: The Jamiat Ulema-i-Islamreligious party
defiedthe governmentban on campaigningagainst
a Decemberreferendumby repeatingits call for a
boycott. [12/10JP]
Dec. 12: The KarachiBar Associationcalled for a
boycott of a December 19 referendum. [12/13
NYT]
Dec. 20: Governmentelection officialssaid the Zia
had won 97.7% of the December 19 referendum
vote with a 62%turnoutof registeredvoters. The
MRD denouncedthe result as "an unprecedented
fraud" and said only 5-10%of eligible voters had
participated.[12/21NYT]
Dec. 21: AFP reportedthat several thousandop-
ponents of Zia clashed with police following a
meetingcalled by the MRD. [12/24FBIS]
Dec. 24: At least 6 Pakistaniopposition leaders
including Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi and MRD
secretary-generalKhwaja Khairuddinwere ar-
rested priorto an oppositionrally. [12/26FBIS]
Dec. 26: KhanAboul WaliKhan, principalopposi-
tion leader in North West FrontierProvince, was
placed under house arrest. Jatoi and Khairuddin
were released in Karachi.[12/27FBIS]
Pakistansaid 6 Afghanwarplaneskilled 4 civil-
ians in a bombing attack in the Chitral region.
[12/28LM]
Dec. 27: A spokesmanfor the oppositionNational
DemocraticPartysaid 34 partymembersincluding
344
its secretary-generalGhulam Ahmed Bilour had
been arrested.[12/28NYT]
Dec. 30: The deathtoll rose to 6 people in the third
day of demonstrationsby Biharisin Orangitown-
ship protestingan anti-Bihariremarkby Zia. [1/2
FBIS]
1985
Jan. 12: Zia announcedthat elections would be
held on February 25 to replace the Parliament
disbanded in July 1977 with the imposition of
martiallaw. [1/11 NYT]
Qatar
(See also, RegionalAffairs)
1985
Jordanian King Husayn held talks with Amir
ShaykhKhalifabin HamadAl Thaniduringa brief
visit to Qatar.[1/15FBIS]
Saudi Arabia
(See also, RegionalAffairs)
1984
Nov. 12: AlgerianPresident Chadli Benjedid left
Medinaat the end of a one-dayvisit whichincluded
talks with King Fahd. [11/13FBIS]
Dec. 2: King Fahd said in an interview that he
intendedto set up a consultativeassemblywithin3
or 4 monthsand give the countrya writtenconsti-
tution. [12/3NYT]
1985
Jan. 1: JordanianKing Husayn met with Fahd in
Riyadh during an official 2-day visit to Saudi
Arabia.[1/2 FBIS]
Sudan
(See also, Egypt)
1984
Oct. 23: PresidentJa'far al-Numayrireturnedto
Khartoumafter a 10-day stay in Cairo. [10/24
FBIS]
Oct. 29: Sudanese radio said security police had
thwarteda Libyan-backedplot to overthrow the
government. It said the conspirators included
membersof the army. [10/30NYT]
Oct. 30: The Sudanesenews agencyreportedthata
dissident group of the southern Sudanese rebels
known as William Shol Deng Wing had begun
peace talks with army officers. [10/30FBIS]
Nov. 2: The clandestine Radio SPLA (Sudanese
People's LiberationArmy) began transmittingin
Englishand Arabic. [11/5 FBIS]
Nov. 7: Sudan said that the number of Chadian
refugeesin the Darfurregionof Sudanhadreached
94,000. [11/9 FBIS]
Nov. 26: President Numayri announcedthat the
Council of Ministers had been abolished and a
PresidentialCouncilhad been set up. [11/28FBIS]
Dec. 3: A militaryspokesmansaid southernrebels
had ambushed a Nile river steamship carrying
militarypersonnel near Bor and were driven off.
Rebel spokesman said they had killed scores of
soldiers in attacks on 2 steamshipsand a govern-
ment convoy in the previous4 days. [12/4NYT]
Dec. 8: The Sudanese NationalOil Companywas
established. [12/12FBIS]
Dec. 13: SPLA guerrillas announced they had
launchedan offensivein westernUpperNile region
on December8. [12/14FBIS]
Dec. 17: Sudan said 7 crewmemberswere killed
and 6 were missing after rebel attacks on steam-
boats in southernSudan. [12/19FBIS]
Dec. 18: Al-UmmahParty leader Sadiq al-Mahdi
and 14 of his supporterswere releasedfromdeten-
tion. [12/20LM]
People's AssemblySpeaker'Izz al-Dinal-Sayyid
said there were 1.lm Ethiopianrefugeesin eastern
Sudan. [12/19FBIS]
Dec. 22: SPLA rebels reportedheavy fightingin the
southern town of Juba. A Sudanese spokesman
denied that Juba had fallen to the rebels, and said
the army was sweeping the rebel areas in Bor
township. [12/26FBIS]
Dec. 24: Numayriset up a 3-mantribunalto try 208
political opponents charged with attempting to
overthrowthe government.[12/25WP]
Dec. 25: Muhammadal-Bashir al-Waqi was dis-
missed as ministerof industry,'UmarMuhammad
Yasin was dismissedas ministerof state for politi-
cal affairsat the presidency, and the cabinet was
partiallyreshuffled:
'Abdal-Raham'Abdal-Wahhab:Finance and Eco-
nomic Planning
Fawzi lbrThim Wasfi: Cooperation, Commerce
and Supply
'Uthmanal-ShaykhMuhammad:Minister of State
for Finance & Economic Planning
YfusufMuhammad'Abdullah:Minister of State for
Cooperation, Commerce & Supply
'Abd al-Qadir Sulayman: Minister of State for
Industry
[12/26FBIS]
Dec. 26: SPLA rebels said they had killed 109
Sudanese soldiers in an ambush on the Juba-Bor
road the day before. [12/27FBIS]
Dec. 27: A Sudanese army spokesmansaid about
600 rebels and 18 Sudanesesoldierswere killedin
a December25 battle on the Bor-Jubaroad. [12/28
FBIS]
Dec. 28: The SPLA denieda governmentclaimthat
600 rebels were killed on December 25. It said
anotherrebel ambushon the Bor-Jubaroad on the
same day killed 117 governmenttroops, and 27
soldierswere killedin a December27 rebelambush
in the Bentiuarea. [12/31FBIS]
Dec. 30: The governmentannouncedthat 83 rebels
and 3 soldierswere killedin a December28 attack
on a rebel camp in Bentiu. The SPLA said 73
soldiersand 15 rebels were killed on December29
when rebel forces capturedthe town of Mabanin
UpperNile region. [12/31FBIS]
1985
Jan. 5: Sudan cancelled its cooperationwith the
airliftof EthiopianJews to Israel. [1/6 WP]
Jan. 6: The SPLA said it killed 133 soldiers and
capturedthe towns of Wankaiand Tonga in the
UpperNile region. [1/7 FBIS]
Jan. 7: The Sudanese news agency reportedthat
Numayrihad pardonedall 209 defendantscharged
with plotting to overthrow the government the
previousfall. [1/8 WP]
Jan. 8: ForeignMinisterHashim 'Uthmanwarned
Ugandathat Sudaneseforces might have to cross
the borderto pursuerebels who had been staging
attacks in the Equatoria region of Sudan. [1/9
FBIS]
Numayrimerged the ministryof industry with
the ministryof cooperation,commerce& supplyto
form a ministryof commerce, industry& cooper-
ation. [1/9 FBIS]
Muslim opposition group RepublicanBrothers
leader Mahmfid MuhammadTaha and 4 other
members were sentenced to death for opposing
Islamiclaw in Sudan. [1/10LM]
Jan. 11: The SPLA said 21 government soldiers
were killed in a January6 rebel ambushin Lakes
Provinceand 37 soldiers were killed near Bentiu.
[1/14FBIS]
The SPLA said it had killed 92 soldiers in an
attackon the Juba-Toritroadin Equatoriathe day
before. [1/15FBIS]
Syria
(See also, Arab-Israeli Conflict, Iraq,
Lebanon)
1984
Oct. 16: PresidentHafiz al-Asad met with Soviet
leader KonstantinChernenkoin Moscow. [10/17
NYT]
Nov. 8: GreekPrimeMinisterAndreasPapandreou
arrivedin Damascus on an official visit to Syria.
[11/9FBIS]
345
Nov. 10: A presidentialdecree publishedby the
governmentannouncedthat Vice PresidentRif'at
al-Asad had been entrustedwith nationalsecurity
affairs. [11/14LM]
Nov. 26: French President Franqois Mitterrand
arrivedin Syria on a 3-day state visit. [11/27WP]
Vice President Asad returnedto Syria after a
5-monthabsence. [11/27WP]
Dec. 11: The Syriannews agency reportedthat the
Soviet Union had agreed to help Syria build a
nuclearreactor. [12/11FBIS]
Dec. 27: Lebanese President Amin al-Jumayyil
arrivedin Damascusfor talks with PresidentAsad.
[12/27FBIS]
1985
Jan. 5: PresidentAsad denouncedPLO Chairman
Yasir 'Arafat during his opening speech to the
Ba'th Partygeneralcongress and said the PLO no
longer represented the Palestinians and Syria
would lead the Palestinianstruggleitself. [1/6 WP]
Tunisia
(See also, Libya)
1984
Oct. 29: PresidentHabibBourguibanamedGeneral
Prosecutorat the SupremeCourtof AppealsRidha
Ben Ali as ministerof justice. DirectorGeneralof
National Security Zine El Abidine Ben Ali was
appointedsecretaryof state for nationalsecurity.
[10/30FBIS]
Nov. 5: President Bourguibawas admittedto the
cardiologyward of a Tunis hospital. [11/6FBIS]
Nov. 22: Bourguibaleft the hospitalafter 17days of
treatmentfor heart trouble. [11/23WP]
Nov. 29: The Chamber of Deputies passed an
amendmentto the nationalitylaw reducingfrom 10
monthsto 1 monththe time permittedto a Tunisian
to renounce employment with a foreign govern-
ment before losing his citizenship. [12/1LM]
Bank employees reportedlywent on a 24-hour
strikefollowingstrikesin the transport,metallurgy
and highereducationsectors. [11/30FBIS]
Dec. 25: Tunis Afrique Presse reportedthatformer
Foreign Minister Mohamed Masmoudi had re-
nounced his post as Libyan representativeto the
UN in order to retain his Tunisian citizenship.
[12/27LM]
1985
Jan. 5: Studentsat the Universityof Tunisstageda
strike to commemorate the anniversary of the
January1984food riots. [1/5 LM]
Jan. 11:The science andlaw colleges in Tuniswere
reportedcalm following 2 days of violent clashes
among students. [1/14 FBIS]
346
Turkey
(See also, Iran, Iraq)
1984
Oct. 16: The Anatolian news agency announced
that Turkish armed forces had launched a new
offensiveagainstKurdishguerrillasin easternTur-
key. [10/17JP]
Oct. 17: Prime MinisterTurgutOzal told Parlia-
mentthatrecentKurdishguerrillaattackshadbeen
organizedand encouragedby the Turkish Com-
munistParty.He saidTurkeyandIraqhadreached
an agreementin principleon coordinatedaction
againstthe guerrillas.[10/19CSM]
Turkish newspapers reported that Turkish
troopshad recentlygone 15 kilometersinside Iraqi
territoryin pursuit of Kurdish guerrillas. [10/19
MEED]
Oct. 18: A Turkishforeign affairsspokesmanan-
nounced that Turkish armed operations against
Kurdishrebels would be limited to Turkishterri-
tory. [10/23LM]
Oct. 25: PrimeMinisterOzal announcedthat Inte-
rior Minister Ali Tanriyarhad resigned and Fi-
nance MinisterVuralArikanwould offerhis resig-
nationthe next day followingwhat was described
in the Turkishpress as a customs scandal. [10/26
JP]
FinanceMinisterArikansaid he wouldnot aban-
don his post unless he was fired. [10/27LM]
Leftist undergroundDev-Yol member Hidir
Aslan was hung in Burdurfor attemptingto over-
throwthe constitutionalorderby violence. He was
the 27th extremist executed in Turkey since the
September1980coup. [10/26LM]
Oct. 26: YildirimAkbulutwas appointedminister
of interior affairs and State Minister Ahmet
Kurtcebe Alptemocin was named minister of fi-
nance and customs. Tekirdag Deputy Ahmet
KaravelireplacedAlptemocinas ministerof state.
[11/2 NS]
Nov. 14: The first meetingof the PermanentCom-
mitteefor EconomicandTradeCooperationof the
Islamic Conference Organization opened in
Istanbul.[11/16CSM]
Nov. 19: TurkishdiplomatEnver Ergunwas killed
by a gunmanin Vienna. Callersclaimedresponsi-
bility on behalf of the Armenian Revolutionary
Army. [11/20WP]
Dec. 17: Greek Prime Minister Andreas
Papandreousaid Greece was deploying its forces
along its Turkishborderbecause it regardedTur-
key rather than Warsaw Pact countries as its
primarymilitarythreat. [12/18WP]
Dec. 26: Turkey and the Soviet Union signed 2
economic accords duringthe visit of Soviet Prime
Minister Nikolai A. Tikhonov to Ankara. 112/28
LM]
Dec. 31: Relatives said several dozen inmates of
military prisons in Adana, Gaziantep and
Karamanmarashad recently gone on a hunger
strike to protest conditionsof their imprisonment.
[1/2 LM]
Nov. 1: The UAE announced it had established
diplomatic relations on the ambassadorial level
with the People's Republic of China. [11/2 MEED]
Dec. 25: Sultan Qabfis bin Sa'id of Oman arrived on
a short visit to UAE. [12/26 FBIS]

1985
Jan. 6: The Anatoliannews agencyreportedformer
Ministerof State for EnergyIsmailOzdaglar,who
resignedthe day before, was asked to quitbecause
he faced a corruptioncharge. [1/7 JP]
Jan. 11: The Middle East Economic Digest re- Yemen
ported that Energy MinisterCemal Buyukbashad (See also, Regional Affairs, Iran)
been namedministerof state for energy.Buyukbas
was replacedby Ministerof State Sidi Turel, who
was replacedby MustafaTinazTitiz. [1/11MEED]
1984
Nov. 24: The Cabinet was reshuffled:
United Arab Emirates 'Abd al-Karim al-Iryani: Deputy Prime Minister
and Foreign Minister
(See also, Regional Affairs, Algeria, Libya, Ahmad Salih al-Ruayni: Minister of State for Cabi-
Morocco) net Affairs
Muhammad Ahmad al-Asbahl: Minister of Social
1984 Affairs
Oct. 26: UAE diplomat Muhammadal-Suwaydi Husayn 'Abdullah al-'Amri: Minister of Education
was woundedand an Iraniancompanionkilled by Fu'ad Qa'id Muhammad: Minister of Supply &
gunmenin Rome. [10/27NYT] Trade [11/26 FBIS]

347