Chronology January 16, 1985-April 15, 1985

Reviewed work(s):
Source: Middle East Journal, Vol. 39, No. 3 (Summer, 1985), pp. 363-397
Published by: Middle East Institute
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4327128 .
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January 16, 1985-April 15, 1985
ABBREVIATIONS:
AN, Arab News
CSM, ChristianScience Monitor
FBIS, Foreign BroadcastInformationService
Daily Report-Middle East & North Africa and
South Asia
JP, TheJerusalemPost
LM, Le Monde
MEED, MiddleEast EconomicDigest
MEES, MiddleEast Economic Survey
NYT, The New YorkTimes
TDN, TurkishDaily News
WP, The WashingtonPost
WSJ, The WallStreet Journal
Arab-Israeli Conflict
(See also, Egypt, Jordan,Lebanon)
1985
Jan. 17: The Reagan Administrationexpressed
concernto Israel over reportsthat some Ethiopian
Jewish refugees were being settled in the West
Bank. [1/18 NYT]
Talks scheduledbetween Israel and Lebanonat
Naqurawere cancelled. [1/17 FBIS]
An Israeli colonel died of wounds received in a
guerrillaattack in Lebanonon Jan 14. [1/17WP]
Israelileaders met with UN UndersecretaryBr-
ian Urquhartto discuss the Israeliwithdrawalfrom
Lebanon and his meetings with Syrian officials.
[1/18 FBIS]
Jan. 18: Israel released half the detainees in the
Mar Ilyas detention camp near Sidon and trans-
ferredthe rest to the An$drcamp. [1/18 FBIS]
Urquhartarrivedin Beirut for talks with Leba-
nese officials. [1/19WP]
Jan. 19: The PLO announcedit had begunto carry
out executions of persons known to have col-
laboratedwith Israel in Lebanon. [1/22FBIS]
Jan. 20: DFLP Secretary General Nayif
Hawatimahinvitedall Palestinianfactionsto nego-
tiations based on the Aden-AlgiersAgreementin
orderto restore "unity" in the PLO and "correct"
the results of the Amman meeting of Nov. 1984.
[1/22 FBIS]
THE MIDDLEEAST JOURNAL, VOLUME39, NO. 3, SUMMER1985.
Chronology
AA
Six membersof an Israeli-Lebanesecell of the
PFLP were convicted of terrorism in Haifa for
attemptingto blow up the ShalomTower building
in Tel Aviv in 1983. [1/21JP]
Israelbeganthe firststageof its militarypullback
from Lebanon, removing"nonessentialmateriel"
south of the Sidon area. (1/21 NYT]
Jan. 21: Fatf CentralCommitteemember Khilid
al-Hasansaid that any Palestiniandialogue should
be based on the Ammanmeetingand that to begin
on the basis of the Aden-Algiersagreementwould
be to "go backward."[1/22 FBIS]
Jan. 22: The 17th Cairo InternationalBook Fair
opened in Cairodespite a boycott by Egyptianand
Arab publishers protesting Israel's participation.
[1/23FBIS]
Jan. 23: Israeli authorities appropriated 200
dunamsin the Gaza Strip, bulldozingolive trees,
fig trees and vines, despite protests by Arab fami-
lies who said the land had been theirs for years.
[1/24FBIS]
The PLO Executive Committee announced it
had set up a committee to study recent peace
proposalsby JordanianKing Husayn. [1/24 FBIS]
Lebanon demanded Israel present a definite
timetablefor the stages of its withdrawalbefore
Lebanon stated its position on the deploymentof
UN forces. [1/24 FBIS]
Jan. 24: The Naqura talks were again suspended
afternegotiatorsdisagreedover whetherto discuss
securityarrangementsor an Israelitimetable.[1/25
NYT]
363
 Israel's militarygovernorat Nabatiyahand two
senior Israeli officers were killed in an ambush,
while six Palestinianguerrillaswere killed in an
encounterwith an Israeli Army force near Jazzin.
11/25FBIS]
Jan. 27: Egypt and Israel begantalks in the Negev
town of Beersheba over the disputedarea known
as Taba, on the outskirtsof Elath. [1/27NYT]
Urquhartbroke off his Middle East mission on
the grounds that Lebanon refused to coordinate
with Israel or the UN regardingsecuritymeasures
in SouthernLebanon. [1/27JP]
Jan. 28: US Secretary of Defense Caspar
Weinbergerand Secretaryof State George Shultz
met with IsraeliDefence MinisterYitzhakRabinin
Washingtonand assuredhim that despite impend-
ing US-Soviet talks on the Middle East, the US
opposes any attempts to hold an international
conferenceon the MiddleEast in which the USSR
would participate.[1/29 WP]
Jan. 29: An Egyptiancourt rejectedthe suit of five
publishinghouses seeking suspension of the Cul-
ture Ministry'sdecision to allow Israel to partici-
pate in Cairo's book fair. [1/30 FBIS]
Israel and Egypt concluded their negotiations
over Taba, saying they had narrowedtheir differ-
ences and would continuetalks in the future. [1/30
WP]
Jan. 30: The Jerusalem Post reported that 14
residentsof southernLebanonhad been murdered
in the past two weeks for collaboratingwith Israel.
[1/31JP]
An Israelibus driverwas shot and woundednear
the West Bank town of Halhul. [1/31JP]
Israeli Knesset members from the Likud, the
National Religious Party, Tehiya and Morasha
partiessaid they wouldjoin RabbiMoshe Levinger
in his sitdown strike outside the Dehaisherefugee
camp to protest Israeli Defence Ministry"laxity"
in stopping Arab violence against Israeli settlers.
[1/31JP]
Jan. 31: The Fath CentralCommitteeannounced
its willingnessto work with Jordanfor progressin
the Middle East peace process and called for an
internationalconferenceto be attendedby the US
and the USSR. [2/1 FBIS]
Jewish settlement leaders in the West Bank
threatenedto take vigilanteaction throughoutthe
occupied territoriesunless Israeli security forces
crackeddown on anti-settlerviolence. [2/3 NYT]
Feb. 1: An Israelidied of woundsfrom a firebomb
attackon his pickuptruckin the West Bank.It was
the firstIsraeliciviliandeathdue to an Arabattack
in the West Bank in two years. [2/2 WP]
Feb. 2: Israeli troops arrested"dozens" of Pales-
tiniansin the Dehaisherefugeecampin responseto
a week of stonethrowingand firebombattacks on
Jewish settlers in the area. [2/3 NYT]
Feb. 3: Jewish settlers blocked main roads in the
West Bank for two hours to protest government
364
leniency towardsArab attacks on Israeli vehicles.
[2/4 NYT]
In New York, Rabin said he would increase
security measures on the West Bank when he
returnedto Israel. [2/4 FBIS]
Feb. 4: An Israelisoldierwas shot and killedwhile
on guard duty at Israeli government offices in
Ramallah.Israelitroops imposeda temporarycur-
few on the town, detaineda largenumberof people
for questioning,and closed more than 100 Arab
shopsto punishmerchantsfor not cooperatingwith
their searchfor the gunman.[2/7 NYT]
Feb. 5: Both the PFLPandthe dissidentmovement
of Fath under Sa'id MuisaMuragha(AbuiMfisa)
claimedresponsibilityfor killingthe Israeli soldier
in Ramallahthe day before. [2/5 FBIS]
Feb. 6: LebaneseCabinetMemberNabihBirrIsaid
100 Israelis had been killed in a suicide car bomb
attacknear Tyre and called for a general strike to
protest Israeliactions. Israel said only 10 soldiers
were woundedand none killed in the attack. [2/7
FBIS]
The Israeliarmy conducteda majorraid on the
Shi'l villages of Bud al-Shamaliand Maraka in
response to mountingattacks on Israelis in south-
ern Lebanon. [2/7 NYT]
Feb. 7: West Beirut and other Muslim areas in
Lebanonwere shut down by a generalstrikecalled
by Birrito protest Israeliactions. [2/8 FBIS]
Feb. 8: The IsraeligovernmentbannedArabsfrom
the occupied territoriesfrom attendinga rally in
Nazarethmarkingthe 40thday since the murderof
HebronMayorFahd al-Qawasimi.[2/8 FBIS]
Feb. 10:Israelijets attackedwhat Israelsaid was a
Palestinianguerrillabase in the Biqa' Valley. [2/11
NYT]
Three Israeli soldiers were killed and four
woundedin attacksin southernLebanon.[2/l1 JP]
'Arafatarrivedin Ammanfor talkswith Husayn.
[2/12LM]
Feb. 11: Israeli Attorney General Yitzhak Zamir
said he had asked police to investigatethe entire
6-mandelegationof the ProgressiveList for Peace
afterits meetingwith 'Arafatin Tunison Feb. 9, to
see if they hadcommittedthe crimeof contactwith
an enemy agent. [2/12JP]
Amman radio announced that 'Arafat and
Hjusaynhad reachedagreementon the formulafor
a joint Jordanian-Palestinian move for MiddleEast
peace. [2/12FBIS]
Meetingin Washingtonwith PresidentReagan,
Saudi Arabian King Fahd urged the US to re-
engagein the searchfor peace in the MiddleEast,
but Reaganinsisted the Arab states must take the
initiative by agreeing to direct negotiations with
Israel. [2/12NYT]
Israeliplanesattackedwhatit saidwere Palestin-
ian guerrillabases in southeastLebanon.Lebanese
witnesses said four guerrillasand nine schoolgirls
were wounded. [2/12NYT]
Feb. 12: The Cairo news agency said a recent
incidentnearthe Israeliembassywas not an explo-
sion but a "straybullet"not aimedat the embassy.
[2/12 FBIS]
Israelitroops raidedthe villageof Tura,bulldoz-
ing 2 houses, killing one man and arrestingabout
100 others. [2/13 WP]
Israeli Prime Minister Shimon Peres reserved
comment on the reported Husayn-'Arafatagree-
ment, sayingIsraelwould "waitandsee." [2/13JP]
Mubarakadviser Usama al-Baz said the agree-
ment was a "breakthrough"because the PLO had
accepted the premise of a peaceful settlementof
the Arab-Israeliconflict. [2/13 NYT]
In Damascus, dissident Palestiniangroups, in-
cluding the PFLP and the DFLP, condemnedthe
1jusayn-'Arafatagreement.[2/13 FBIS]
Feb. 13: Israeli troops withdrewfrom Sidon, and
Lebanese police patrolledthe city for the firsttime
since 1982. [2/15 WP]
Reagan Administrationofficials said they were
"optimistic"about the Husayn-'Arafatagreement
and that it seemed to imply acceptance of the
"major principle of UN Resolution 242." [2/14
WP]
Syriacondemnedthe agreementas a "US-Israeli
plot to humiliatethe Arabs." [2/13FBIS]
Fahd and Reaganissued a joint communiquein
whichthey agreedthata stablepeace in the Middle
East must provide security "for all states in the
area and for the exercise of the legitimaterightsof
the Palestinianpeople." [2/14 NYT]
Feb. 14:A largenumberof Shi'i Muslimsservingin
the Israeli-trainedLebanese militia in Southern
Lebanonreportedlydefected in recent days. [2/14
CSM]
Husayn met with Algerian President Chadli
Benjedid in Algiers, reportedlyin an attempt to
bringSyria into the Husayn-'Arafatjoint formula.
[2/14 WP]
In response to a US official's call for Israeli-
Syriannegotiationsover the GolanHeights, Israeli
Foreign Minister Yitzhak Shamir said the Golan
was an integral part of Israel and not subject to
negotiations.[2/15JP]
Israel reportedkilling 11 Arabs in a firefighton
the Awali River. [2/15NYT]
Feb. 17: PrimeMinisterRashidKaramiand Presi-
dent Amin Jumayyilvisited Sidon and praisedthe
Lebanese resistance for "forcing" Israel's with-
drawal. [2/18 WP]
Feb. 18: Israel expelled former PLO commander
'Abd al-'Aziz 'All Shahin from the Gaza Strip,
sparkingdemonstrations.It was the firstexpulsion
from the occupied territoriesin five years. [AN
2/19]
Led by activists from Hizballah, thousands of
Shi'a held a rally in Sidon to celebrate Israel's
withdrawal and protest the policies of Jumayyil.
[2/19 NYT]
Two Israeli soldiers were killed in southern
Lebanon. [2/19 WP]
Levinger said he would end his three-month vigil
outside the Dehaishe refugee camp since receiving
assurances harsher measures would be taken to
discourage attacks on settlers. [2/19 JP]
Peres met with Italian Prime Minister Bettino
Craxi in Rome and reported that Craxi said he
opposed an international conference on the Middle
East. [2/19 NYT]
Feb. 19: The US and the USSR began two days of
consultations on the Middle East in Vienna. [2/19
CSM]
Feb. 20: Israeli forces began a crackdown on Shi'i
villages in southern Lebanon, raiding the village of
Al-Bazouriya, east of Tyre. [2/21 NYT]
The Israeli news magazine Koteret Rashit, defy-
ing military censorship, identified Brig. Gen.
Yitzhak Mordechai as the senior officer present
when two Palestinian hijackers captured alive were
killed in April 1984. [2/21 WP]
Following two days of meetings in Tunis, the
PLO Executive Committee issued a statement ap-
proving the Palestinian-Jordanian plan for action
but opposing "capitulatory plans" such as UN
Resolution 242. [2/20 FBIS]
Feb. 21: Israel announced that Egypt had invited
Energy Minister Moshe Shihal to pay an official
visit to Egypt. [2/22 FBIS]
The US State Department said the US-USSR
Vienna talks had produced no agreements except a
continued desire to see the Iran-Iraq war end. [2/22
NYT]
Israel beseiged three villages in southern Leba-
non, rounding up dozens of male residents for
interrogations. Several Lebanese were reported
killed in the operations. [2/22 NYT]
Feb. 22: A former village mayor of 'Arab Salim was
reported to have died of exposure after Israeli
troops kept him and other prisoners out all night in
the cold. In all, 5 persons died in the Israeli
operations of Feb. 21. [2/23 NYT]
Jordan made public the text of its agreement with
the PLO. The accord specifies five principles for
joint action: "total withdrawal from the territories
occupied in 1967 . . . as established in UN and
Security Council resolutions"; "the right of self-
determination for the Palestinian people ... within
the context of the formation of the proposed con-
federated Arab states of Jordan and Palestine";
"resolution of the problem of the Palestinian refu-
gees in accordance with UN resolutions"; "resolu-
tion of the Palestinian problem in all its aspects";
and "peace negotiations . . . under the auspices of
an international conference [with] the five perma-
nent members of the Security Council and all the
parties to the conflict ... including the PLO ...
within a joint Jordanian-Palestinian delegation."
[2/24 NYT]
365
Feb. 24: Israel sealed off seven Lebanese villages,
killing at least 10 people. Birri called for full
mobilization of Shi'a in the areas under Israeli
occupation. [2/24 WP]
Hundredsof villagers "deported"by Israel re-
portedlyarrivedin Beirutseekingfood and shelter.
[2/25 NYT]
Mubarakurgedthe US to invite Israeland mem-
bers of a joint Jordanian-Palestinian delegationto
hold talks in the US to lay the groundworkfor
direct peace talks. [2/25NYT]
Feb. 25: Mubarakannounced and then delayed
sending a senior Egyptian envoy to Israel. [2/26
NYT]
Shahal arrived in Cairo for a three-dayofficial
visit. [2/26 FBIS]
The Israeli Army continuedsearchesand deten-
tions in Lebanese villages. [2/26FBIS]
Feb. 26: Israelimposeda curfewand severe travel
restrictions in parts of southern Lebanon and
bannedforeignjournalistsfromthe area. [2/27WP]
Following Jordanianreluctance to agree to a
series of PLO amendmentsto the H.usayn-'Arafat
agreement,a PLO spokesmansaid the agreement
should be scrappedif the two parties continue to
dispute its meaning.The amendmentscalled for a
unifiedArabdelegationto attendany peace confer-
ence, ratherthana joint Jordanian-Palestinian one,
and self-determination for Palestinians,insteadof a
Jordanian-Palestinian confederation.[2/27WP]
Peres met in Jerusalem with an envoy from
Egypt, thoughtto be al-Baz. [2/27WP]
Feb. 27: A second Egyptianenvoy, 'Abd al-Halim
Bad&wi,met with Peres. He was told Israel sup-
ports Mubarak'scall for direct negotiationswith a
joint Palestinian-Jordanian delegation, but that it
could not includemembersof the PLO. [2/28NYT]
Lebanese Army troops clashed with an Israeli
patrol that crossed the newly drawn front lines
northeastof Tyre. [2/28 WP]
Feb. 28: Israeli sources said the clash with the
Lebanese Army was "a mistake" caused by the
Lebanese refusalto let Israel pursue "terrorists."
[2/28 FBIS]
Israeli envoy AvrahamTamir arrivedin Cairo
for talks with Mubarak.[2/28FBIS]
The PLO rejected Egypt's call for direct peace
talks, and reiterated its position that a UN-
sponsoredinternationalconferencewith PLO par-
ticipation was the only "proper framework"for
peacemaking.[3/1 NYT]
Lebanon asked the UN Security Council to
condemnIsraelfor "inhumanmilitaryoperations"
in southernLebanon. [3/1 NYT]
Israelipolice used clubs to breakup a protestby
Arab and Jewish students attemptingto prevent
Meir Kahane from speaking at Hebrew
University'sMount Scopus campus. [3/1 JP]
366
March 1: 'Arafatsaid the PLO was holding talks
with Husayn to "clarify" their agreement and
wouldcontinueto do so untilJordanagreesto PLO
amendments.[3/4 FBIS]
The Israeli Army closed Bir Zeit University's
two campuses after a raid in which they seized
"inflammatory"nationalisticmaterials.[3/3 JP]
March 2: 'Arafat said he was committed to his
agreementwith Jordanand denouncedthe US for
its "shamefulresponse" to the accord. [3/3 NYT]
Over 800 Israelisoldiersand 80 vehicles carried
out a majorraidagainstthe villagesof Marakaand
Tayr Zibna, detaininghundredsof men, killingat
least one, and destroyingseveral houses. [3/3 JP]
Birrithreatenedretaliationin northernIsraelfor
raids on Lebanese villages. [3/3 NYT]
March3: Officialsof the mainhospitalin Tyre said
Israeli troops stormed it, beat its director, and
seized at least eightpeople waitingto give bloodfor
victims of an explosion in Maraka.[3/5 NYT]
March4: The State Departmentrejecteda request
that ZahdiTirzi, the PLO observerat the UN, be
allowed to visit Washington.[3/5 WP]
Shamirsaid that Israel's recent exchanges with
Egypt had added "nothing"to the peace process.
[3/4 FBIS]
EgyptianForeignMinister'Ismat 'Abd al-Majid
delivereda message to Mubarakfrom IraqiPresi-
dent $addam Husayn and announcedthat Egypt
and Iraqheld "identicalviews" on the Jordanian-
PLO agreement.[3/4 FBIS]
March5: The JerusalemPost reportedthat Knes-
set members Meir Cohen-Avidov and Yuval
Ne'manhadraised$70,000in the US for familiesof
suspects in the Jewish terrorcase. [3/5 JP]
Peres proposedto Egypt that Taba become "an
oasis of peace" held jointly by Israel and Egypt.
Egypt rejectedthe proposal. [3/5 FBIS]
March6: Husayn met with Mubarakin Hurghada
(Ghardaqa),Egypt and endorsed the latter's pro-
posal that a joint Jordanian-Palestinian delegation
includingPLO membersmeet with US representa-
tives. [3/7 WP]
Israel rejected the Mubarak-Husayncall for a
centralPLO role in peace talks. [3/7 NYT]
The UN evacuated 33 Americansworkingwith
UNIFIL in southernLebanonfor fear of possible
attacksby Shi'i militants.[3/7 WP]
The Lebanese Army clashed with Israeli forces
near al-Zrariyah.[3/7 FBIS]
The Israeli Army detained five reportersfrom
Beirut for four hours, confiscatingtheir material.
[3/8 NYT]
March7: Israeliforces continuedto raid southern
Lebanese villages, and clashed with the Lebanese
Army at Kutheriyatal-Siyad. One Israeli soldier
and two Moslem Amal militiamenwere reported
killed in the incident. [3/ WP]
Australiagave notice that it would withdrawits
contingentfrom the Sinai peacekeeping force in
April 1986. [3/7 JP]
 American UN Ambassador Jeane Kirkpatrick
told the Security Council that Americans in Leba-
non were being threatened because of reports that
the US would veto the Lebanese draft resolution
condemning Israeli actions. [3/9 NYT]
March 8: The Israeli government announced that
Bir Zeit University's new campus would remain
closed for two months. [3/10 JP]
March 10: Four policemen were injured and 11
people were arrested when an unlicensed demon-
stration at Haifa University against anti-Arab dis-
crimination turned violent. [3/11 JP]
A suicide car bomber crashed into an Israeli
convoy near Metulla, killing 12 soldiers and
wounding 14. [3/11 NYT]
March 11: In the wake of the car bomb attack on
March 10, Israeli soldiers stormed the village of
al-Zrayriyah, killing more than 30 people. [3/12
WP]
March 12: The US vetoed a UN resolution ap-
proved by the Security Council that would have
condemned Israel's crackdown on Southern Leba-
non. [3/13 NYT]
Three Israeli buses were attacked in the oc-
cupied territories, but no casualties were reported.
[3/14 FBIS]
Israel promised the US that newly-arrived Ethio-
pians would not be settled in the occupied ter-
ritories. [3/12 JP]
In Washington on an official visit, Mubarak met
Reagan, who rejected his proposal that the US
meet with a joint Jordanian-Palestinian delegation.
[3/13 NYT]
Two Israeli soldiers were killed in an ambush
near al-Zrayriyah, and seven others were injured in
separate incidents. [3/13 NYT]
March 14: Jordan rejected a proposal by Israel to
appoint Arab mayors to four West Bank towns
administered by Israel, and instead demanded a
"package deal" for the appointment of mayors to
other cities. [3/15 FBIS]
March 15: Shultz said the US would send Assistant
Secretary of State for Near East and South Asian
Affairs Richard W. Murphy to the Middle East to
"maintain momentum toward peace." [3/16 NYT]
Israeli troops raided the village of Barish
[Bra'shit?], near Tyre. [3/15 FBIS]
March 16: A Peace Now demonstration calling for
the immediate withdrawal of Israeli troops from
Lebanon drew several thousand people. [3/17 JP]
March 17: Two Israeli soldiers were killed and five
injured in an ambush in Jibshit in Southern Leba-
non. Peres said Israel's withdrawal was being
accelerated and should be completed in eight to ten
weeks. [3/18 JP]
March 18: Mubarak met with Husayn in Amman
and then the two made a surprise visit to Baghdad,
where they met Saddam Husayn and expressed
support for Iraq in its war with Iran. It was the first
visit by an Egyptian leader to Iraq since 1979. [3/19
NYT]
March 20: Three people were injured by a small
bomb that blew up at an Egged bus stop in Petah
Tikva. [3/21 JP]
The PLO claimed responsibility for the bus ex-
plosion. [3/21 FBIS]
Political demonstrations by either Arabs or Jews
were prohibited in the occupied territories. [3/21
FBIS]
March 21: Violent fighting raged between Israeli
troops and the Lebanese Army near 'Arab Salim,
and the Israelis killed over 20 persons, including
two members of a CBS News camera crew, during
a raid on 3 Shi'i villages east of Tyre. CBS called
the attack "unprovoked and deliberate." [3/23 WP]
In a televised news conference, Reagan said the
US was willing to meet with a Jordanian-
Palestinian delegation that did not include the PLO
as the first step toward a negotiated Arab-Israeli
peace, but that the US would not take a direct role
in any negotiations. [3/22 WP]
An Israeli soldier died of wounds suffered on
March 18. [3/22 NYT]
March 22: Peres expressed "deep sorrow" at the
death of two CBS employees but said they were
"in the midst" of a group of hostile guerrillas. CBS
rejected Peres' version and called for a full inves-
tigation. [3/23 WP]
The Israeli army renewed its ban on foreign
journalists in southern Lebanon. [3/22 FBIS]
The State Department said that Reagan's re-
marks about meeting with a joint delegation were
only one of several options being considered by the
administration. [3/23 WP]
March 23: Residents of Majd al-Kurum in Galilee
held a mass rally to protest the Israeli govern-
ment's expropriations of 1700 dunams of cultivated
land. [3/25 FBIS]
March 24: Peres said Israel rejected any joint
delegation being invited to the US, even for in-
formal contacts. [3/25 JP]
After a tour of southern Lebanon with Israeli
Army representatives, CBS Vice President Ernest
Leiser said the death of two CBS crew members
"might simply have been a tragic error." [3/26 JP]
An Arab boy was wounded when Israeli security
forces fired on stone-throwing demonstrators at the
Palestinian refugee camp of Qalandiya, north of
Jerusalem. [3/25 JP]
Israel ordered all army women out of Lebanon in
response to increasing tensions. [3/25 NYT]
March 25: In Damascus, six Palestinian groups
opposed to 'Arafat announced the formation of the
Palestinian National Salvation Front to fight Israel.
The six groups were: The Palestine Liberation
Front, the PFLP, the PFLP General Command,
al-Sa'iqa, the Palestine Popular Struggle Front, and
the dissident Fath "Provisional Command." [3/26
FBIS]
March 26: Soldiers of the Army of Southern Leba-
non joined the Israeli army in searches of Shi'i
villages. [3/27 JP]
367
 Sharonsaid that if Iraq builds a nuclearreactor
threateningIsrael's security, Israelwouldbombit.
[3/27 FBIS]
March 27: Rabin said Israel would carry out a
"scorched earth policy" in southern Lebanon if
Shi'i terrorismcontinued. [3/27JP]
Israeli soldiers continued searches of Lebanese
villages, roundingup 100residentsin the villageof
Shhur, east of Tyre. [3/28JP]
Israel announced that some expropriatedland
belonging to the three Arab villages of Sakhnin,
'Arrabaand Deir Hannawould be returned.[3/28
FBIS]
March29: Israel said its armykilledthree "terror-
ists" in a clash near the LitaniRiver. [3/29FBIS]
March 30: Arabs in Israel, the West Bank and
Jordan observed "Land Day." Minor incidents
were reportedin the West Bank. [3/31JP]
In the firstinterviewby an IsraeliPrimeMinister
with an East Jerusalempaper, Peres told al-Quds
he favors greater Palestinianautonomy and self-
rule in the West Bank while a permanentsettle-
ment was pursued. [3/31JP]
Israeli troops raideda Shi'i village outside their
occupation zone, killing five men. An Israeli sol-
dier was also killed near Nabatiyahin a skirmish
with gunmen. [3/31JP]
Formermayorof RamallahKarimKhalafdied of
a heart attack in Jericho. [3/31JP]
March 31: A report by Meron Benvenisti's West
Bank Data Base Project said Israel controlled52
per cent of the land in the West Bank. [3/31JP]
A Jewish man was shot and killed in the
Ramallahmarket.Israeliofficialsimposeda curfew
on Ramallahand nearbyEl-Birehand roundedup
people for questioning. Settlement officials said
they wouldestablisha new settlementin the areain
response to the attack. [4/1 JP]
The DFLP claimed responsibilityfor the shoot-
ing. [4/1 FBIS]
April 1: A Lebanese man hijackeda Middle East
Airlinesjet enroutefrom Beirutto Jidda,wherehe
surrenderedafter demandingmoney for Shi'i mili-
tants fightingIsrael in Lebanon. [4/2 NYT]
An Israeli soldier wounded on March 30 in
Lebanondied of his wounds. [4/2 JP]
Israel told the UN it would not agree to the
deployment of UNIFIL troops on the
Israeli-Lebanonborder after Israel completes its
withdrawalfrom Lebanon. [4/2 JP]
Israeli soldiers ordered West Bank settlers to
leave a hill nearBir Zeit wherethey were planning
to establisha settlementto protestthe killingin the
Ramallahmarketon March31. [4/2 JP]
Israeli border police shot and wounded four
Palestinianstudentsthrowingstones duringa pro-
test at Bethlehem University. [4/2 JP]
April 2: An Israeli soldier was killed when a
roadsidebomb exploded near Nabatiyah.[4/3 JP]
368
An Israeligunboatshelled the 'Adlunhills, and
Israeliforces raidedthree towns in southernLeba-
non. [4/2 FBIS]
Israel moved almost 1200prisonersfrom An$ar
prison camp to Israel and said that 600 others
would be releasedthe next day. [4/3 NYT]
April 3: The InternationalRed Cross and the US
accused Israel of violating the Fourth Geneva
Conventionof 1949for transferringprisonersfrom
southernLebanonto Israel. Israel denied that the
prisonersqualifiedas prisonersof war but said the
conventionhad not been violatedin any case. [4/4
NYT]
April4: Hundredsof Palestiniansdefied an Israeli
curfewto attendthe funeralof Khalaf. In Nablus,
an 18-yearold was shot by border police after a
stone-throwingincident. [4/4 JP]
The EgyptianForeignMinisterinvitedIsraeland
the US to meet in Isma'iliyain the near futureto
resumetalks on Taba. [4/4 FBIS]
Israelsaid its soldierskilledeight people in raids
on Lebanese villages. Three Israeli soldiers were
woundedin two roadsidebomb blasts. [4/5 NYT]
The US announced it would resume a more
active role in Middle East peace efforts and that
Shultz would visit the Middle East in May if
Murphy'strip were successful. [4/5 NYT]
Israeli troops arrested 132 in East Jerusalem
after a demonstrationat IbrahimiyaCollege to
protest conditions in the Ashkelon Prison. [4J5
NYT]
April 7: Israel lifted a weeklong curfew on
Ramallahand El-Bireh but required23 shops to
remainclosed. [4/9 CSM]
April8: An Israelisoldierwas foundmurderedin a
wadi in the West Bank. [4/9 JP]
Israeli army sources said the security zone in
Lebanonwouldnot have rigidboundariesand that
pro-Israel villages north of the zone would be
permittedto join it if they wished. [4/9 FBIS]
The IsraelipaperDavar reportedthat Peres and
Mubarakwould meet soon and mightdecide on a
"package deal" in which Egypt would returnits
ambassadorto Israeland improvecommercialand
tourist ties in exchange for Israel transferringthe
Taba dispute to international arbitration. [4/9
FBIS]
April 9: Peres announced that Minister without
Portfolio Ezer Weizmanwould meet Mubarakin
Cairothe followingweek. [4/9 JP]
Israelitroopssealedoff Tyreandroundedup 200
people for questioning,while Israelijets bombed
the village of Shemlan (wrongly identified as
"Druze")nearBeirutwhere the militarysaid there
was a "terroristbase." A suicide car bomb at an
Israelicheckpointeast of Sidon killedtwo soldiers
and the 16-year-oldgirldrivingthe car. [4/10NYT]
April 10: 'Arafat and Husayn met in Amman to
make a "comprehensiveevaluation"of their Feb.
11 agreement.[4/11FBIS]
 Israel told Antoine Lahd, commanderof the
Israeli-backedArmy of Southern Lebanon, that
he could leave units of his troops in Jazzin, north
of the proposed Israeli security zone, but that
he would receive no support from Israel. [4/11
FBIS]
Demonstrationsand stone-throwingin East Je-
rusalemandRamallahmarkedthe 37thanniversary
of the Dayr Y&sinmassacre. [4/11FBIS]
April 11: An Israeli soldier was wounded and
another killed when their vehicle hit a mine near
Hasbayyain southernLebanon. [4/12FBIS]
Canadaannouncedit had agreed in principalto
replaceAustraliain the 10-nationSinaipeacekeep-
ing force. [4/12 WP]
IsraelievacuatedNabatiyahin the secondpartof
its plannedwithdrawalfrom Lebanon.[4/11FBIS]
April 12: Jordan and the PLO reportedly had
decided in recent talks to formjoint delegationsto
visit some Arabcountriesand the heads of state of
the five UN security council permanentmember
states to discuss the Husayn-'Araffitagreement.
[4/15 FBIS]
April13:A 16-yearold boy capturedby Israelas he
preparedto launch a suicide bomb attack said he
had been blackmailedby Shi'i extremists of the
Amal organizationto carry out the mission. [4/14
NYT]
The governmentof Lebanon said Israeli troops
killed eight people in the Shi'a village of Yuhmur,
southeast of Nabatiyah. Israel denied responsibil-
ity. [4/14 NYT]
A joint Jordanian-Palestiniandelegation met
with the AlgerianForeignMinisterin Algiers.[4/15
FBIS]
Murphyarrivedin Ammanfor a two-day visit.
[4/15FBIS]
April 14: Led by Shamir,hardlinersin the Israeli
Cabinet refused to allow Ezer Weizman to visit
Cairo and referred the matter to the 10-member
inner Cabinet. Peres had told Egypt Weizman
would arriveon April 15. [4/15NYT]
Israelitroopsroundedup morethan60 menfrom
a Palestiniancamp near Tyre and held dozens for
questioning.[4/15NYT]
Murphymet with Husayn and other Jordanian
officials. [4/15 FBIS]
Israeli cancelled Jordan's appointment of 10
mukhtars,or village heads, in the occupied ter-
ritories on the grounds that Israel had already
appointedmukhtarsfor those villages. [4/15FBIS]
April 15: The IsraelipaperHa'aretz said Peres and
Mubarakwouldmeet May5 in eitherAlexandriaor
Cairo. [4/15FBIS]
Peres and Shamirfailedto agreeon the Weizman
tripin a meeting,and Shamirdemandedthe tripbe
cancelled. However, the Cabinet later approved
the trip. [4/15 FBIS]
PetroleumAffairs
1985
Jan. 20: The first meeting of the OPEC price
differentials committee began in Riyadh. [1/22
FBIS]
Jan 28: Oil ministersfrom the 13 OPEC countries
beganan emergencymeetingin Geneva after talks
by the seven-mancommitteefailed to producean
agreement.[1/29FBIS]
Jan. 30: Nine of 13oil ministersof OPECapproved
a cut in oil prices for only the second time in
OPEC'shistory.Algeria,LibyaandIranprotested,
sayingthe cuts unfairlypenalizedthem as produc-
ers of high-qualityoil. Gabon abstained. [1/31
FBIS]
The Algerianenergy ministersaid the new price
structurewas "unfair"and that Algeriawould fix
its own oil pricesaccordingto the marketsituation.
[1/31FBIS]
Feb. 9: Iranloweredits oil prices in line with those
approvedby OPEC, after originallydisassociating
itself from the new pricingstructure.[2/10NYT]
Feb. 15: The United Gulf Bank predictedthat at
least 300,000foreignworkerswould lose theirjobs
in the Gulf in 1985, due to falling oil production.
[2/17AN]
March 14: The OAPECjudicial tribunalrejected
Iraq'srequestfor "urgentmeasures"to reopenits
oil pipelinethroughSyria. [3/15 FBIS]
March19:Algeriacut its Saharablendoil to $29.50
a barrel,leavingLibyaas the only countryrefusing
to honorthe Jan. 30 OPECagreement.[3/20FBIS]
March20: OPECministersendedtwo days of talks
in Geneva and said they were satisfied that self-
imposedproductionlimits were holdingfirm. [3/22
MEED]
April 9: OAPEC Secretary General 'All Ahmad
'Afiqah arrived in Baghdad to prepare for
OAPEC'sministerialcouncilmeetingto be held on
April27. [4/10FBIS]
RegionalAffairs
General
(See also, Arab-IsraeliConflict,Jordan)
1985
Jan. 30: The ReaganAdministrationannouncedit
was halting new arms sales to the Middle East
while it prepareda study of the relationshipbe-
tween Americansecurityassistanceand peace and
securityin the region. [1/31NYT]
Feb. 9: The Arab World's first satellite was suc-
cessfully launched, placed in orbit by a French
ArianerocketlaunchedfromFrenchGuiana.It will
369
significantlyboost communicationslinks in and
among the Arab states. Egypt was the only Arab
state not participating.[2/6 CSM]
March20: Syria, Libya, Algeria,and SouthYemen
began talks in Damascus on the frameworkfor a
federation as well as on how to coordinatetheir
stands on MiddleEast issues. [3/21CSM]
March26: Libyarefusedto allow a PLOdelegation
to attend the Afro-AsianSolidarityConferencein
Benghazi, causing Algeria and the PDRY to boy-
cott the conference. [3/26FBIS]
March 28: The Arab League MinisterialCouncil
ended a four-daysession in Thnis. [3/29FBIS]
March 29: The first meeting of the newly-
established Pan-Arab Command, made up of
Libya, Syria, Algeria and South Yemen, met in
Tripoli, Libya and vowed to liquidateIsrael. [4/1
FBIS]
March31: Qadhdhafitold the JointArabCommand
that he approved of suicide attacks on US and
other installationsin the MiddleEast. [4/3 NYT]
April 2: The US criticized the formationof the
Pan-ArabCommandand warned that Qadhdhafi
would be held responsible for Libyan terrorism
againstthe US. [4/3 NYT]
April 14: Spain said it believed an explosion on
March 12 in Madridthat killed 18 Spaniardsand
wounded 15 Americanswas the work of Islamic
Jihadand was aimed at the Americans.[4/15WP]
Iran-IraqWar
1985
Jan. 16: Iran reportedthat a group affiliatedwith
Iraq's Islamic Amal organizationkilled 10 Iraqi
officers and wounded more than 20 in a hand
grenadeattackon an armysocial club in Baghdad.
Iraq claimedthe bombinghad destroyeda school,
injuringa numberof children.[1/17FBIS]
Iraqsaid its planes hit a "largemaritimetarget"
near Iran's KhargIsland terminal.[1/17FBIS]
Jan. 17: The UN committeeinvestigatingthe con-
dition of Iranian and Iraqi prisoners of war left
Baghdadafter a weeklong visit. [1/17 FBIS]
Jan. 18: Iraq announced its planes had hit a
"medium-sizedmaritimetarget" near Kharg Is-
land. [1/18 FBIS]
Jan. 19: Iraqsaid its airforce hadhit a "largenaval
target" near Kharg. [1/20 NYT]
UN Secretary GeneralJavier Perez de Cuellar
said a UN inspectionteamhadfoundevidencethat
Iraqiplanesbombedseveralcivilianareasin Iranin
January.[1/19 WP]
Jan. 21: Iraq said its warplanes struck a "large
naval target" near Kharg. [1/22NYT]
Gulf sources confirmedthat a Netherlandssal-
vage tug anchorednear the Saudi coast had been
damagedby Iraqiplanes. [1/23 FBIS]
Iraq said it had hit three more "maritimetar-
gets" near Kharg,two in a nightraid. [1/22FBIS]
370
Jan. 23: Iraqannouncedit hadhit a "medium-sized
maritime target" south of Kharg Island. [1/23
FBIS]
Jan. 24: Iraq said its planes hit a medium-sized
target in the Gulf and that its helicopters had
destroyed an Iranianboat in the Maysan sector.
Iraq also accused Iran of heavily shelling the
Al-Shihaliarea. [1/24 FBIS]
Iranprotestedto the UN Iraq's"continuousand
repeated"bombingof Iraniancivilian areas. [1/25
FBIS]
Jan. 25: A UN fact-findingdelegationleft Tehran
aftera week's stay in which it visited Iraqiprison-
ers of war held in Iraniancamps. [1/25 FBIS]
Jan. 27: Iraq said it carried out its first ground
attack againstIran in almost three years, sending
40,000 troops, air cover, and artilleryagainst its
own Majnudi oil field, held by Iransince Feb. 1984.
Iranianbroadcastssaid "not an inch" had been
gainedby Iraqin the attack. [1/29NYT]
Jan. 28: Iraqclaimedto have hit a "largemaritime
target"in the Gulf. [1/29FBIS]
Jan. 29: The Gulf Daily News reported that the
Greek ship Serifos, struck off the Saudi coast on
Jan. 27, hadbeen hit by a new Iraqifighter-bomber
equippedwith Exocet missiles. [1/29 FBIS]
Jan. 30: Iraqsaid it hit a "very largenaval target"
in the Gulf. [1/31 FBIS]
Jan. 31: Iraqclaimedits forces had made a sweep-
ing attack in the central sector, occupying new
positions, and inflictingheavy losses on Iran. Iran
said Iraq's recent "limited and futile militaryof-
fensives" had failed. [1/31FBIS]
Feb. 1: Iraq said an Iraniancounteroffensivehad
failed. [2/1 FBIS]
Feb. 2: Iraq said it repulsed another counter-
offensiveby Iraniantroops. [2/4 FBIS]
Iraq said its jets had raideda "very large naval
target"in the Gulf. [2/3 NYT]
Iraq said that IranianPOWs capturedin recent
fighting refused to return to Iran because they
preferredto stay in Iraq, even though they were
free to go. [2/4 FBIS]
Feb. 4: Iraqiplanesdamageda Greektankerhead-
ing for KhargIsland. It was the 7th confirmedhit
by Iraqthis year. [2/5 NYT]
Feb. 6: Iraqsaidit had "totallycrushed"an Iranian
attackin the centralsector of the war front, killing
hundredsof soldiers. [2/7 NYT]
Feb. 8: Iran and Iraq accused one another of
shellingcities and other civilianareas. Iranthreat-
ened to shell Basra in retaliation,and Iraq said it
would "deal two blows for each one received."
[2/1l FBIS]
Feb. 9: Iran said it was preparedto shell Iraqi
"frontiercities" and called on their inhabitantsto
evacuate them. [2/11FBIS]
Feb. 11: In the UN, Iraq denied Iran's claims that
it had shelled Iranian cities in contraventionof
their UN-sponsored 1984 agreementnot to shell
civilianareas. [2/12FBIS]
Feb. 12: Iraqsaid it hit a largemaritimetargetnear
Kharg,and Gulf maritimesources confirmedthata
large Liberiantanker, the FellowshipL, had been
seriously damaged.[2/12 FBIS]
Feb. 13: Iran notified the InternationalAtomic
Energy Agency in Vienna that Iraqi planes at-
tackedits unfinishedIraniannuclearpowerplantin
the PersianGulf port of Bushire. [2/14NYT]
Feb. 14: Iraq denied attacking Iran's nuclear
projectat Bushire. [2/15NYT]
Iraq said its planes hit three "large naval tar-
gets" in the Gulf and shipping sources said the
Liberiantanker Neptunia had sent out a distress
call. [2/15 NYT]
Feb. 18: Jet fightersbelievedto be Iranianattacked
and damageda Kuwaiti-registeredcontainership
the Al-Manakh.One crewmanwas reportedmiss-
ing. [2/19 WP]
Feb. 19: Jet fightersbelieved to be Iranianattacked
and damaged a Saudi Arabian-ownedship, the
Muhammadal-Bakrt,in the Gulf. [2/20AN]
A fully-ladenSouth Korean oil tanker was at-
tacked by jets believed to be Iranian.[2/20FBIS]
Feb. 21: A report by a three-memberUN study
group said both Iran and Iraq regularlymistreat
each other's prisoners of war in violation of the
Geneva Convention. [2/22NYT]
Feb. 27: Iraq hit a Greek oil tanker near Kharg
Island. [2/28 FBIS]
March 1: A Cyprus-registeredoil tanker suffered
heavy damage when it was hit by rockets in the
Gulf. Neither Irannor Iraqclaimedresponsibility.
[3/2 WP]
March 4: Iraq asked the UN Security Council to
arrangean exchangeof prisonersbetweenIranand
Iraq. [3/5 NYT]
Iran said Iraq bombed two civilian areas and
industrialtargetsin Ahwaz killing11andwounding
30, and threatenedagain to retaliateagainst Iraqi
cities. [3/5 WP]
Iraq said its planes bombed a "large maritime
target" near Kharg. [3/5 FBIS]
March 5: Iran rejected Iraq's request for a com-
plete prisoner exchange as "propaganda"saying
the GenevaConventionmadeno provisionfor such
an exchange duringwar time. [3/5 FBIS]
Iran shelled Basra, fulfillingits repeatedthreats.
Iraq respondedwith rocket fire and said it would
hit 30 Iraniantowns in retaliation.[3/6 WP]
March6: Iran said that if Iraqcontinuedto attack
Iran's residential areas, it would retaliate with
"heavierblows againstthe Baghdadregime." [3/6
FBIS]
March7: Iraqannouncedit had shelledthe Iranian
cities of Abadan and Dizful, and Iran said Iraqi
missiles killed5 andinjuredmorethan70. [3/7WP]
Iran renewed its shellingof Basra. [3/7 FBIS]
Iraq said its planes hit a "largemaritimetarget"
near Kharg. [3/7 FBIS]
March 8: Iran said it shelled Basra for the third
time in 48 hours, inflicting heavy damage and
casualties. [3/8 FBIS]
March9: Iranand Iraqcontinuedbombingcivilian
targets for a fifth day; Iran said four of its cities
were hit, and that it had retaliated with strikes
againstthree Iraqicities. [3/10 WP]
March 10: Iraq said its warplaneshit Isfahanand
Tabrizand a naval targetin the Gulf. Iran contin-
ued to shell Basraand said it had hit Iraqiinstalla-
tions in Margasurand Maidan.[3/11NYT]
Gulf sources reported that the "naval target"
was the Liberian-registeredtanker Atlanticos.
[3/18MEES]
de Cuellarasked Iran and Iraq to stop shelling
civiliantargetsand to abideby the 1984agreement
regardingresidentialareas. [3/11FBIS]
March 11: Iran said it would continue to bomb
Basra and Baghdad following a wave of Iraqi
attacks on civilian targets that killed or wounded
over 20,000people between March8 and 10. [3/11
FBIS]
Iraq said it hit a "large maritimetarget" in the
Gulf. [3/12FBIS]
March12: IraqdeniedIranianclaimsthatit had hit
Kirkukwith a long-rangemissile, saying Iranian
"'agents"had detonated time bombs from inside
the city. [3/12FBIS]
Iraqi planes attacked Tehran, killing 5 people,
andhit five otherIraniancities as well. [FBIS 3/12]
March13: Iranreportedit had launcheda massive
offensive on March 11, killingover 700 Iraqi sol-
diers, andsaidIraq'scounteroffensiveon March12
hadbeen "crushed."Iraqsaid the Iranianattackin
Hawr al-Hawizahhad been a "complete failure."
[3/13FBIS]
Iran accused Iraq of using chemical weapons,
and UN expertsconfirmedthatIraniansoldiershad
been affected by mustardgas and a nerve agent
called tabun. [3/14NYT]
March 14: Iranianforces pushed into Iraq in the
south, and an Iranianmissile hit Baghdad,accord-
ing to Iranianreports. Iraq respondedwith raids
againstTehranand Tabriz. [3/14WP]
Iran announcedthat a Panamaniansupertanker
hadbeen attackedand damagedby Iraqijets in the
Gulf. [3/14FBIS]
Gulf sourcesconfirmedan attackon the Lady T.
[3/18MEES]
Iraq denied that an Iranian missile had hit a
Baghdadbank, claimingthat Iranian "hirelings"
had planteda bomb there. [3/14 FBIS]
March 16: Both Iran and Iraq reported heavy
fightingon their war fronts. Iran said it had killed
1000Iraqisin the marshlands,and that at least 100
Iraniancivilians had died in Iraqi air raids. Iraq
said it had foiled an intense Iranianassault on the
TigrisRiver battlefront.[3/17WP]
Iransaid it hit Baghdadwith a ground-to-ground
missile. Iraq said the explosion was caused by a
booby-trappedcar. [3/17NYT]
371
March 17: Iraq said it hit two "large maritime
targets" near KhargIsland, and Gulf sources con-
firmedthat a Liberian-registeredtankerhad been
hit by Iran. [3/18 FBIS]
Iran and Iraq fought for control of the strategic
Baghdad-to-Basrahighwayin what was reportedly
the heaviest fightingof the war. Iraq warned all
commercialairlinesto stay out of Iranianairspace.
In the PersianGulf, threeships were reportedlyhit.
[3/18 NYT]
Gulf shippingsources said the three ships were
the Liberian tankers Caribbean Breeze and
Akarita, and the IranianYousef. [3/25MEES]
The LondonSundayTimesreportedthatthe US,
officially neutral in the war, had been passing
intelligenceinformationto Iraqwarningof Iranian
air attacks. [3/18 NYT]
Iran said it was ready to stop shelling civilian
targetsand asked the UAE to interveneto stop the
escalatingwar. [3/19 FBIS]
The GCC Councilof ForeignMinistersbegan a
two-daymeetingin Riyadhto discuss the Iran-Iraq
war. [3/19 FBIS]
March18:Both IranandIraqclaimedvictoryin the
battle for control of the Baghdad-to-Basrahigh-
way, but Iraq appeared to be driving Iran from
strategicground. [3/19WP]
In Baghdad,witnesses reporteda hugeexplosion
near the presidentialpalace, which Iran claimed
was caused by one of its long-rangemissiles. [3/19
NYT]
The Libyan news agency said Khumaynihad
indicated in a message to Qadhdhafithat he was
willingto end attackson civiliantargetsif Iraqdid
likewise, and $addam Husayn was reported to
have made a similar statement in a message to
IndianPrimeMinisterRajiv Ghandi.[3/19WP]
Iranian Foreign Minister Vilayati met with
Benjedidin Algiers. [3/19 FBIS]
March 19: US officials said Iran had suffered a
crushing defeat in its weeklong offensive against
Iraq, and that "tens of thousands" of Iranian
soldiers had been killed, wounded or captured.
[3/20 NYT]
Kuwaiti Foreign Minister Shaykh Sabah al-
Ahmad returnedfrom an officialvisit to Baghdad
on behalf of the GCC Foreign Ministers'Council
and said Iraqhad expresseda "truedesire" to end
the war. However, he said the GCC had not yet
received a response from Iranto a proposedGCC
visit. [3/20 FBIS]
Foreignersbegan leaving Iran in large numbers
as a resultof Iraqithreatsagainstcivilianaircraftin
Iranianairspace. [3/20WP]
March 20: Iraqijets attacked Iraniantowns and
cities and Iraq vowed to continue until Iran ac-
cepted peace. Iran shelled several Iraqitowns and
threatenedto attackBaghdad'sairport.[3/20FBIS]
Vilayati met Syrian PresidentHafiz al-Asad in
Damascus to discuss recent developmentsin the
Iran-Iraqwar. [3/20 FBIS]
372
The US appealedto Iranto abandonhopes of a
militaryvictory and to accept a negotiatedsettle-
ment. [3/21NYT]
Indian Prime MinisterGhandisent a high-level
delegationto Baghdadand Tehranfor talks aimed
at endingthe Gulf war. [3/21 FBIS]
The French press agency said Iraniansoldiers
sufferingfrom chemical weapons burns would ar-
rive in Belgiumand other Europeancountriesfor
treatmentin the next few days. [3/21 FBIS]
March22: Kuwait said it had turnedthe island of
Bubiyan into a militaryzone in the event of an
expansionof the Iran-Iraqwar. [3/25 FBIS]
Iraqi PresidentHusayn told Mubarakthat Iraq
was ready to stop the war completely but would
not agree to any partialsolutions. [3/22FBIS]
Thirty-threeIraniansoldiersarrivedin Belgium,
Britain,West Germanyand Austriafor treatment
of afflictionsapparentlycaused by Iraqi chemical
weapons. [3/23WP]
March24: Iranannounceda haltin attackson Iraqi
cities following a 23 March lull in Iraqi attacks.
[3/25FBIS]
Iraqsaid its warplaneshit two oil tankersin the
Gulf. Sources in Bahrainsaid the Maltese tanker
Eastern Star had been hit and that the other ship
may have been the ItalianVolare. [3/25NYT]
ClandestineIranianradioreportedthatdisagree-
ments between the IranianArmy and the Revolu-
tionaryGuardshad led to additionalbloodshedon
the war fronts in recent days. [3/25 FBIS]
March25: In retaliationfor Iraqiattackson tankers
in the Gulf, Iran said it hit Baghdadwith another
missile. Iraqin turnhit Tehranand Isfahanas well
as other Iraniantowns and cities. [3/25FBIS]
The Arab League Council, meeting in Tunis,
issued a resolutionstressingits "total solidarity"
with Iraqandurgingan end to the war. [3/26FBIS]
Iraqi planes raided two large maritimetargets
nearKhargIsland,accordingto Iraqisources. [3/26
FBIS]
US intelligenceanalystsconcludedthat Iraqhad
used chemicalweapons, probablymustardgas, in
repelling Iran's latest offensive in the southern
sector. Shultz saw Iraqi Foreign Minister Tariq
al-'Aziz in an unscheduledmeetingin Washington,
presumablyto discuss the issue. [3/26 NYT]
March26: Iraqsaidit hit five Iraniancities and two
large naval targets near KhargIsland. One of the
hits was confirmed by Gulf sources to be the
PanamanianCape Gwadar.[3/27NYT]
de Cuellarpresentedproposalsto Iran and Iraq
to "reducethe level of the conflict and promotea
cessation of the hostilities", a returnto the June
1984moratoriumon attacksagainstciviliantargets,
the cessation of attacks on unarmed merchant
shipping, and an end to threats against inter-
nationalcivilianaviation. [3/27 NYT]
March 27: Iran said it fired another missile at
Baghdadin retaliationfor Iraqiattacks on Tehran
and other Iraniancities. [3/27FBIS]
 Iransaid its demandsfor endingthe warwere the by a missile, raisingdoubts about Iran's claims to
eliminationof the Iraqiregime, $350billionin war have firedeight missiles at the city. [4/6 NYT]
reparations,and the returnof 200,000Iraqi"refu- April6: In a changeof plans, de Cuellarannounced
gees" to Iraq. [3/28 FBIS] he would visit Iranand Iraq,reportedlybecause of
March28: Husayn admittedfor the first time that a positive message he had received from Iran. [4/7
Iraqicities hadbeen hit by Iranianmissilesandsaid NYT]
they had been suppliedto Iranby "Arabtraitors," April 7: de Cuellararrivedin Tehranfrom Doha,
presumablymeaningLibya. [3/29WP] Qatarfor talks with Iranianofficials. In meetings
Iraqsaid it hit a "very largenavaltarget"in the with President 'All Khamenei, Foreign Minister
Gulf, and that its planesattackedsix Iraniancities. Vilayati, and SpeakerRafsanjani,he was told the
[3/28 FBIS] war would continueuntil Husaynwas ousted. [4/8
March29: Iraqi ForeignMinister'Aziz arrivedin WP]
Moscow for an officialvisit. [3/29FBIS] April8: de Cuellararrivedin Baghdadandmet with
Iranian Speaker Hujiat al-Islam 'All Akbar IjusaynandotherIraqiofficials,who said that Iraq
HashimiRafsanjanisaid Iranwould not agree to a was preparedto discuss a comprehensivesettle-
ceasefire on the war fronts but would accept one ment to the conflict. [4/9 NYT]
involving attacks on oil tankers,passengerplanes Iraq said it hit a "large maritimetarget" near
and civilian areas. [4/1 NYT] KhargIsland. [4/9 FBIS]
The Britishgovernmentadvised its nationalsto April 9: Iraq said its air force raided two Iranian
leave Baghdad because of the danger of explo- cities. [4/9 FBIS]
sions. [3/30 NYT] de Cu6llarleft Baghdad,sayingthe gap between
March30: Iranand Iraqannouncednew attackson Iranand Iraqwas "as wide as ever." [4/10 NYT]
each other'sbordertowns andde Cuellararrivedin April11: Iraqsaid its jets raidedfour Iraniancities
Saudi Arabia at the beginningof a tour of Gulf and would continueto do so until Iranagreedto a
nations to pursue peace efforts. In Tehran, an comprehensivepeace. [4/11FBIS] It also said Iran
Indian delegation met with Iranianofficials in an had attackedthree Iraqicities, includingBaghdad,
attemptto negotiatea ceasefire. [3/31NYT] and was preparinga huge new offensive. [4/12
Iransaid it would welcome a visit by de Cudllar. FBIS]
[4/1 FBIS] April12:Iransaidit hadinventeda new missileand
March 31: After an explosion rocked Baghdad, threatenedto use it soon againstIraq. [4/12FBIS]
Iran said it had launchedtwo missiles againstthe
city. [4/1 FBIS]
de Cu6llar met with Saudi Foreign Minister Western Sahara
Prince Sa'ud al-Fay$al.[4/1 FBIS] 1985
April 1: de Cuellarannouncedhe would not visit Jan. 15: Morocco completed the security wall
Iranor Iraqon his tourbecause Iranhadrefusedto extensionalongthe Algerianand Mauritanianbor-
discuss a complete settlement of the war. [4/2 ders, accordingto Rabatradio. [1/18 FBIS]
NYT] Jan. 23: Morocco resumed participationin the
Iraq said it hit a large maritime target near Organizationof AfricanTrade Union Unity after
Kharg. [4/1 FBIS] the NigerianLabourCongress assured it that the
April 2: de Cuellarmet with GCC SecretaryGen- SaharanArab DemocraticRepublic (SADR) was
eral 'AbdallahYa'qfib al-Bisharahin Oman. [4/3 not invitedto attendthe organization'scongressas
FBIS] a full member.Moroccoalso abandonedits insist-
April 3: Iraqi warplanes raided Tehran after a ence on beinga memberof the credentialscommit-
respite of two days and warnedthey would strike tee and agreedto a compromisewhich allows it to
other Iraniancities the following day. In Muscat, participatein the committee meetings as an ob-
de Cuellar met with the chiefs of mission of Iran server. [1/24FBIS]
and Iraq and said later that Iranwas not receptive Jan. 24: The Polisario said it had breached the
to his proposalsfor endingthe war. [4/4 NYT] Moroccanwall and "put out of action" more than
April 4: de Cuellar arrived in Manama,Bahrain 1,000 Moroccansoldiers in the first two weeks in
January.[1/25FBIS]
after a 3-day visit to Oman. [4/4 FBIS] Feb. 1: The Polisarioshot down a Belgianpipercub
April5: Iraqsaid Iranhadfireda ground-to-ground on Jan. 21, killingits pilot, who was enteredin the
missile at Baghdad and that Iraq responded by aerialParis-Dakarrallye, mistakingit for a Moroc-
sending missiles against three Iranian border can reconnaisanceplane, accordingto Le Monde.
towns. [4/6 WP] [2/1 LM]
Iraq said it hit a "large maritimetarget" near Feb. 2: Le Monde reportedthat Tunisia had suc-
Kharg. [4/8 FBIS] ceeded in obtainingagreementin principle from
Foreign correspondentswho visited the site of Mauritania,Algeria, Morocco and Libya for a
an explosion that destroyed part of a highwayin Maghribsummit,but that the date and place had
Baghdadsaid it did not seem to have been caused not been set. [2/2 LM]

373
Feb. 5: Representatives from the Polisario,
Mauritania,Algeriaand Moroccohadbegunsecret
meetingsin Parison the Saharaproblem,according
to "an informed West European source." [2/5
CSM]
Feb. 11: Algerianradioreportedthat 80 Moroccan
soldiers were killed and 120 woundedin Polisario
operationsin the WesternSaharabetween Jan. 20
and Feb. 4. [2/12 FBIS]
Feb. 18: In Algiers, Algerian President Chadli
Benjedid received SADR President Mohamed
Abdelaziz. [2/20 FBIS]
Feb. 21: The Kuwaitnews agency announcedthat
Algeria and Morocco had decided to hold a bi-
lateralsummiton the WesternSahara.[2/22FBIS]
Feb. 23: King Hasan II announcedhe would hold
the celebrationsfor the anniversaryof his acces-
sion to the throne on March 3 in Al-'Ayuin,the
principalcity of the disputedWesternSahara.[2/25
FBIS]
Feb. 24: The Polisarioshot down a plane carrying
three West Germanexplorerson a flightfrom the
South Pole. [2/28 WPI
Feb. 26: The Polisario claimed to have killed 71
Moroccansandinjured95 in an attackon a garrison
in the miningregion of Bu Cra'a. [2/27FBIS]
Feb. 27: Colombiarecognizedthe SADR, becom-
ing the 61st countryto do so. [2/28FBIS]
Benjedid proposed a mergerof all Arab North
African nations from Libya to Mauritaniainto a
single union, providedthe WesternSaharaformed
a separate component equal to the others. [2/28
WP]
Feb. 28: Benjedidconfirmedthat discreetmeetings
were takingplace between Moroccanand Algerian
representativesover the WesternSahara.[3/1LM]
March1: Hasan said he wouldhold his ThroneDay
ceremonies in Marrakeshinstead of Al-'Ayun,
reportedly for reasons of security. Moroccan
spokesmen said the king still intendedto visit the
town in the near future. [3/3 LM]
March 4: Throne Day ceremonies took place in
Marrakesh. Hasan rejected any compromise on
"principles" regardingthe Western Sahara, but
said dialogue with Algeria would continue. [3/5
LM]
March 5: Le Monde reported that Tunisia had
abandonedhopes for a Maghribsummitbecauseof
a deadlock in discussions between Morocco and
Algeriaabout the WesternSahara.[3/5 LM]
March 8: In a press conference, Hasan said that
Morocco does not want a compromisesolutionto
the Western Saharaconflict and is determinedto
organize a referendumunder UN auspices. [3/15
MEED]
March 14: In Al-'Ayun, Hasan presidedover the
first session of the Moroccanparliamentever to be
convened in the WesternSahara.[3/15WP]
March 18: In Al-'Ayfin, Hasan said Morocco
would spend $1 billion to modernize its armed
374
forces in the next five years, since the war over the
Western Sahara could go on for years. [3/19 NYT]
March 20: Hasan concluded his tour of the south-
ern provinces. [3/21 FBIS]
March 28: At the Arab League Council meeting in
Tunis, Morocco threatened to withdraw from the
Arab League if it approved the SADR's participa-
tion in the Arab-African ministerial conference to
be held in Libya in April. The Tunis meeting
consequently decided to "postpone" the question
of the SADR's participation. [3/29 FBIS]
March 31: Libya told the Arab League that it would
not host the Arab-African ministerial conference
scheduled for April 15 to 18 because of problems
about the participation of "various delegations"
and requested that the conference be postponed.
[4/1 FBIS]
April 2: The Polisario said it had destroyed two
Moroccan bases near the coast, killing at least 120
Moroccan soldiers. [4/5 LM]
April 5: Le Monde reported that Algeria had au-
thorized the UN High Commission on Refugees to
open an office in Algiers to assist with the welfare
of the approximately 120,000 Saharan refugees in
Algeria. [LM 415]
April 8: Algerian radio reported that Saharan
forces shelled Moroccan positions on April 1-4,
killing 18 and wounding 25. [4/9 FBIS]
Afghanistan
(See also Iran, Pakistan)
1985
Jan. 16: For the first time since Soviet forces began
fighting in Afghanistan in 1979, the Kremlin ac-
knowledged that one of its soldiers had deserted.
Tass accused the US of offering Afghan rebels a
bounty for live Soviet soldiers, who could be
tortured and brainwashed. [1/17 NYT]
Pakistan radio reported that mujahidin had at-
tacked and overrun nine government military posts
in Paktia Province and that one Karmal brigade
was still under siege by the rebels. [1/17 FBIS]
Jan. 17: Iranian radio reported that Afghan rebels
had blocked the Jaji Pass in Paktia Province, and
had killed a large number of Soviet and government
forces in recent operations. It also reported that
Soviet bombs had killed 570 civilians in the villages
of Sharwah and Isa Khayl in Konduz Province,
in retaliation for successful rebel attacks. [1/18
FBIS]
Jan. 18: The US announced it would increase its
aid to Afghan rebels in 1985 to approximately $280
million. Saudi Arabia, Israel and China were also
reportedly assisting the rebels. [1/18 MEED]
Jan. 20: The Afghan government announced that
land and water reform were progressing, and that
over 5000 peasant families had recently received
land titles in SheberghanProvince. Peasant coun-
cils have been established and the governmentis
providingagriculturalsupplies. [1/23 FBIS]
Jan. 21: Sources in Iransaid Soviet forces bombed
a mosque in Seyyed-Abadvillage in Afghanistan's
Vardak Province in mid-January,killing 60 and
injuring40 others. [1/24 FBIS]
Jan. 23: The Daily Telegraphin London reported
that on Jan. 16 Afghanrebels destroyedat least 10
helicoptersin a raidon the mainRussianairbase of
Bagram,25 miles northof Kabul. [1/24FBIS]
Jan. 24: Iranreportedthat "dozens" of Soviet and
Afghan government troops had been killed in a
battle in the Haji Pass in Paktia Province. [1/25
FBIS]
Jan. 26: An Afghan rebel leader, Khan Gol, was
sentenced to death in PaktiaProvince. [FBIS 2/1]
Jan. 27: Reports from Riyadh said nearly 150
Soviet soldiers were killed in a battle with Afghan
rebels on Jan. 25 in the Shomalregionof Afghani-
stan, and that heavy fightinghad takenplace in the
eastern provinces of Nangarharand Paktiaand in
the southernprovinceof Helmand.[1/30FBIS]
Jan. 28: Iranianradio reportedthat Afghanrebels
were largely in control of the city of Herat. [1/29
FBIS]
Jan. 29: Afghan rebels claimedto have killed 169
Karmal soldiers in recent operations in the
AhangaranPass. [1/30 FBIS]
Le Monde reportedthat Zabiullah,a leader of
Jami'at-iIslamiand one of the principalleadersof
the Afghan resistance, was killed when his jeep
was mined as a result of a betrayalby some of his
army companions.[1/29 LM]
Jan. 30: Kabulradiocalled on the People's Repub-
lic of China to stop assisting Afghan rebels with
weapons and training,calling such actions "open
war." [1/31 FBIS]
Reportsfrom Tokyo said a strongforce of Sovi-
ets and Afghansnumbering10,000was stoppedby
mujahidinas it tried to cross throughthe Lasza
Khola Pass in the directionof the Chamkanborder
post in PaktiaProvince. [1/30FBIS]
Jan. 31: The US announced it would increase
internationaldiplomatic pressure in the coming
months to try to bring about the withdrawalof
Soviet forces from Afghanistan.[2/8 MEED]
Feb. 7: Le Mondereportedthatat least 40 civilians
were killed by Soviet soldiers in January in a
bazaarof Qandaharin reprisalfor the assassination
of a communistparty official. [2/7 LM]
Feb. 9: Afghanistandenied Pakistan'schargesthat
its aircrafthad attackedPakistaniterritoryon Feb.
5. [2/11 FBIS]
Feb. 10:Pakistansaid Soviet raidsfromhelicopters
killed 150 civilians in NangarharProvince in the
past three weeks. [1/11FBIS]
Kabul radio said governmentforces had carried
out successful operations in Farah and Fariab
Provinces and had captured a large amount of
weapons and ammunition.[2/12 FBIS]
Feb. 11: Reportsfrom Pakistansaid Afghanrebels
had attackedQandaharAirportrecently, destroy-
ing its oil depots and damagingan M16aircraftand
two helicopters.[2/12FBIS]
Feb. 13: Afghanistanclaimed Pakistani "aggres-
sion" had intensified in the past month against
Konarand PaktiaProvinces.Pakistanrejectedthe
accusation.[2/14FBIS]
Feb. 19:RiyadhradiosaidthatAfghanrebels killed
30 Soviet and Afghan soldiers on Feb. 13 in an
ambushnear Qandahar.[2/20 FBIS]
Feb. 21: The Washington Post reported that
Qandahar,the second-largestcity in Afghanistan,
was largely in the hands of Muslim rebels. [2/21
WP]
Feb. 22: The Afghangovernmentclaimedto have
"crushed"54 rebels of the Jami'atgroupin Herat
Province.[2/25FBIS]
Feb. 23: ReportsfromPakistanclaimedat least 200
Soviet and Afghangovernmenttroops were killed
in recent battles in Parwan, Kapisa and Baghlan
provinces. [2/25FBIS]
Feb. 27: Afghan rebels reported that Soviet and
governmentair raidshad killed 100Afghansin the
Ba'i regionof AfghanistanbetweenFeb. 15and27.
[2/28FBIS]
Feb. 28: A UN HumanRights Commissionreport
accused the USSR of "gross violations of human
rights," including massacres of civilians, in Af-
ghanistan.[3/1 NYT]
March3: Accordingto Iranianreports,fourgroups
of Afghanrebels merged:the Nasr organizationof
Afghanistan;the Guardsof Islamic Jihad;the Is-
lamic Movement of Afghanistan;and the United
Front of the IslamicRevolution.[3/6 FBIS]
March 7: Afghan rebels killed 53 government
troopsin a battlein KonarProvinceandcarriedout
operationsin Qandahar,Verdakand Fariabprov-
inces, accordingto clandestinereports. [3/8 FBIS]
March9: IranreportedthatAfghanrebels killed65
USSR-government forces in two attacks in
Badakhshanand PaktiaProvince. [3/13FBIS]
March 12: Babrak Karmal left for Moscow to
attend the funeral of Soviet leader Konstantin
Chernenko.[3/13FBIS]
Afghanrebel reportssaid Soviet-Karmalplanes
attackeda village in Paktia Province, killing 500.
Reportedly,a heavy concentrationof government
troops also deployed opposite Chaman in
Baluchistanon the Pakistani border to prevent
cross-border movement by the rebels. [3/14
FBIS]
March 13: Over Soviet objections, the UN Com-
mission on Human Rights adopted a resolution
criticizing Soviet actions in Afghanistan and
calling on the Afghan governmentto stop them.
[3/14WP]
March 15: New Soviet leader MikhailGorbachev
warnedPakistanagainstsupportingAfghanrebels,
375
and was reportedto be consideringactions against
Pakistanif the US continuedmilitarypressureon
Nicaragua.[3/16 WP]
March 18: Afghanistan denied violating human
rights and accused the UN Rights Commissionof
being influencedby enemies of the Afghanrevolu-
tion. [3/19 WP]
March 19: Afghanistan said its troops had
"crushed" several different groups of rebels in
Kabul, Balkh, Konduz, Badghisand Paktiaprov-
inces. [3/19 WP]
March 26: Reports from Hong Kong said several
bombs had exploded the week before in shops
cateringto Soviets in Kabul,woundingmanyRus-
sians, including women and children. [3/27
FBIS]
March 28: Pansher Valley mujahidincommander
Ahmad Shah Masudsaid a March23 bomb attack
on a Soviet convoy near the Salang Pass caused
hundreds of Soviet casualties as the explosion
caused a chainreactionamongammunitiontrucks.
[3/28FBIS]
March 30: The WashingtonPost reported that
eyewitnesses said Soviet troops had burnedmore
than a dozen remote villages the week before,
killingmost of theirinhabitantsandbooby-trapping
and dismemberingmany bodies. [3/30WP]
April2: AfghanguerrillaleaderIssaq Gilani,leader
of forces in Paktia Province, speakingin Paris as
partof a public relationstour of Westerncapitals,
said Pakistanwas withholdingweaponsfromrebels
for fear of Soviet reprisals.[4/3 FBIS]
April 3: Afghanistansaid "constant" attemptsby
rebels to disrupt the strategic Kabul-Jalalabad
highwayhad been "foiled." [4/3 FBIS]
April8: Pakistaniradioreportedthatthe mujahidin
had launchedattacksagainstgovernmentforces in
Konar, Zabul and Qandahar Provinces. [4/8
FBIS]
MawlamiAbdul Wali Hojatwas appointedMin-
ister of Islamic Affairs for the government of
Afghanistan.[4/9 FBIS]
April 11: Pakistan radio said Afghan rebels had
recentlycapturedthe subdivisionalheadquartersof
Josho along the Qandahar-Herathighway. [4/12
FBIS]
April 13: Iran announcedthat Afghan rebels had
repulsed an attack by government and Soviet
soldiers in Farah Province, killing 200. Only six
rebels were reportedkilled. [4/15FBIS]
Algeria
(See also, Arab-Israeli Conflict, Regional
Affairs,Morocco)
1985
Jan. 25: SaudiArabianCrownPrince'Abdallahibn
376
'Abd al-'Azlz concludedan officialthree-dayvisit
to Algeria. [1/25FBIS]
Jan. 30: Le Monde reported that three exiled
politicians close to former Algerian president
AhmadBen Bella had returnedrecentlyto Algeria
as a result of recent political appeasementmea-
sures taken by President Chadli Benjedid. The
three were identifiedas MohammedYadi, Moham-
med HajjSmain,and MohammedBen Bella. [1/30
LM]
Feb. 6: TurkishPrime MinisterTurgutOzal con-
cluded a two-day visit to Algeria for talks on
bilateralrelations.[2/8 MEED]
Feb. 12:JordanianKing Husaynarrivedin Algeria
for a workingvisit. [2/12FBIS]
Feb. 13: Seven Kabyle Berber defendants were
released by a court. Members of the opposition
Committeeof the Childrenof the Martyrs,six of
them had been arrestedfor protestingagainst the
government'srefusal to let them participatein a
meetingon historywritingorganizedby the FLN.
The other was arrestedfor protestingtheir arrest.
[2/15LM]
Feb. 22: MEED reported that several Algerian
troops stationedon the Moroccanborderhad been
woundedin recentclashes, accordingto Moroccan
reports. [2/22MEED]
Feb. 24: Algeria and Spain signed a protocol of
agreementon supplyingSpain with liquefiednatu-
ral gas. [2/25FBIS]
March3: South Yemen PresidiumChairman'Ali
NasirMuhammadarrivedin Algeriaon a three-day
officialvisit. [3/4 FBIS]
March15:The WorldFood Councilsaid more than
20,000 people fleeing drought in Mali and Niger
were in camps in southernAlgeria. [3/15MEED]
March22: The Algeriangovernmentannounceda
rise of 10 per cent in the prices of food products
madefromgrains,includingsuch staples as bread,
flour,semolinaand pasta, effective March24. [3/24
LM]
April 1: Algeriaexpressedconcern to Franceover
increasingracist attacks on Algerian workers in
France. [4/3 FBIS]
April 13: Le Monde reported that the trial of
approximately 100 Islamic activists arrested in
1982had begunin Medea, Algeria. [4/13 LM]
Bahrain
(See also, RegionalAffairs)
1985
March 3: Bahrainannounced the launchingof a
donationcampaignto aid drought-strickenareas in
Africa. [3/4 WP]

Cyprus
1985
Jan. 17: For the first time since 1979, Cypriot
President Spyros Kiprianou met with Rauf
Denktash, leader of the breakawayTurkishCyp-
riot state. The two met at the UN in New Yorkfor
a weeklong summit, arrangedby UN Secretary
GeneralJavierPerez de Cuellar,to avertthe parti-
tion of their island by creatinga federal republic.
[1/18 CSM]
Jan. 20: Four days of talks between Kiprianouand
Denktashended in failureto agreeon a framework
for unifying Cyprus. The two leaders agreed to
meet at a later date to try to resolve their differ-
ences. [1/21NYT]
Jan. 25: Denktash announcedthat parliamentary
elections would be held on June 23. [1/26TDN]
Jan. 26: Kiprianousaid he would seek a meeting
with PresidentReagan to discuss the collapse of
the Cyprusreunificationtalks. [1/27NYT]
Feb. 2: Two Cypriot political parties, the pro-
Western Democratic Rally and the pro-Moscow
ProgressivePartyof the WorkingPeople, calledon
Kiprianouto resign, blaming him for the break-
down of the talks. [2/4 CSM]
Feb. 12: In Belgrade,Kiprianousaid he was ready
to resume UN-sponsored talks on the future of
Cyprus and would accept a federation, but that
there could be no solutionwithoutthe withdrawal
of Turkishtroops. [2/13CSM]
Feb. 26: Denktash accused Greek PrimeMinister
Andreas Papandreouof responsibilityfor the fail-
ure of the UN-sponsored talks, saying he had
sabotagedthemin orderto justify Greece'srequest
for more US arms aid. [2/27NYT]
March1: Kiprianourejectedcalls by Cypriotpoliti-
cal partiesthat he resign and call new presidential
elections. [3/2 NYT]
March 13: The TurkishCypriot state approveda
draftconstitutioncallingfor a presidentialform of
governmentthat did not mentiona possible unified
Cyprus. However, a separate motion acknowl-
edged the possibility of such a federation. [3/14
NYT]
March30: Kiprianourejecteda second demandby
parliamentthat he resign, heighteningthe political
crisis in Cyprus. [3/31NYT]
Egypt
(See also, Arab-Israeli Conflict, Jordan,
Israel, Sudan)
1985
Jan. 16: PresidentHusni Mubarakbeganan official
two-day visit to Greece, the first by an Egyptian
head of state in 25 years. [1/17 FBIS]
Jan. 19:Mubarakreturnedto Cairoaftera four-day
trip to Greece and Italy. [1/22 FBIS]
Jan. 22: Twenty-twomembersof the Communist
TrotskyiteOrganizationwerejailed in Cairo. [1/23
FBIS]
Feb. 1: A new development bank, The Export
DevelopmentBank of Egypt, set up with World
Bankaid, was announced.The bankwas scheduled
to begin operations early in February 1985, and
reportedlywouldchannelfundsfroma $125million
WorldBank loan to export-orientedventures. [2/1
MEED]
Feb. 3: The Egyptian Consultative Council ap-
provedthe nominationof Muhammad$aldh al-Din
Muntasirto serve as chairmanof the boardof the
Dar al-Ma'arifpublishinghouse and chief editorof
the officialOctobermagazine,and of Sa'id Sunbul
to be editor-in-chiefof Al-Akhbarnewspaper.[2/4
FBIS]
Jan. 7: Egyptsaidit was preparedto releaseon bail
a British citizen detained in November 1984 in
connection with an alleged plot to kill an exiled
political opponent of Libyan leader Mu'ammar
al-Qadhdhafi,but that the Briton would not be
allowdto leave Egypt. [2/8 NYT]
Feb. 8: MEED announced that the Jidda-based
Islamic Development Bank decided to restore
Egypt's membership, suspended in 1979. As a
result, $25.5 million in IDB funds allocated to
Egypt would be unblocked.[2/8 MEED]
Feb. 12: The Egyptiannews agency reportedthat
securityforces in Alexandriahad arresteda group
of 31 religiousextremistsled by a doctor claiming
to be the ProphetMuhammad.[2/13 FBIS]
The New YorkTimes reportedthat Egypt had
fallen behindon paymentson its $4.5 billion mili-
tary debt to the US and owed between $250 and
$300 millionin interest. [2/14NYT]
Feb. 14: Mubarakmet Sudanese PresidentJa'far
al-Numayriin Aswan for routine consultations.
[2/15FBIS]
Feb. 27: Mubarakasked the Foreign Ministry to
formulatean integratedpeace plan for backingthe
recent Jordanian-Palestinian move. [2/28 FBIS]
Feb. 28:Le Mondereportedthat40 people accused
of being Bahl'is were arrestedin several Egyptian
cities. [2/28LM]
March8: Mubarakdepartedfor Paris on the first
leg of a trip that would take him to the US and
Britain.[3/8 FBIS]
In Paris, Mubarakmet with French President
FranqoisMitterandand won cautious supportfor
his recent peace proposals.[3/9 FBIS]
March 9: Mubarakarrived in Washingtonfor a
five-dayofficialvisit. [3/10NYT]
March 11: Mubarakmet with Secretary of State
George Schultz. He was told that the Reagan
Administrationwas cool to his latest peace propos-
als, which see the US as a mediator, and that it
could not meet his request for $1.6 billion in
377
additional economic and military aid for Fiscal
Years 19854, above the $4.5 billion already ap-
propriated or requested. [3/12 NYT]
March 12: Mubarak met with representatives of the
Presidential Council of Jewish Organizations in
Washington. [3/12 FBIS]
March 14: In London, Mubarak discussed the
Middle East situation with Prime Minister
Margaret Thatcher. [3/15 FBIS]
March 16: Mubarak arrived back in Cairo after an
eight-day tour abroad. [3/18 FBIS]
March 18: Mubarak arrived in Amman, Jordan, for
consultations with King lIusayn. [3/18 FBIS]
March 20: Egypt accepted an OAU invitation to
participate in the Afro-Arab Cooperation Confer-
ence to be held in Libya. [3/21 FBIS]
March 24: Eighteen people, including three promi-
nent journalists, were charged in connection with a
violent anti-Israeli demonstration at the Cairo
International Book Fair. [3/24 FBIS]
March 28: Twenty-four persons detained for dem-
onstrating at the Cairo Book Fair were released.
[3/29 FBIS]
March 31: Mubarak appointed Sultan Abu 'Ali as
Economy minister, replacing Mustafa al-Sa'id. [4/1
FBIS]
April 1: The Egyptian news agency reported that
six people detained for questioning on charges of
acting as foreign agents to cause disturbances in
Egypt had been linked to a Libyan plot to "de-
stabilize" Egypt. [4/1 FBIS]
Iran
(see also, RegionalAffairs,Kuwait,Turkey)
1985
Jan. 17: A trade protocol betwen the province of
Azerbaijan and Agri Province in Turkey was signed
in Urumiyah which will enable traders residing
near the border to import and export up to $2500 of
permitted goods. The protocol is designed to ex-
pand the limited exchanges begun in 1979. [1/18
FBIS]
Jan. 24: Prime Minister Mir Husayn Musavi began
a three-day official visit to Nicaragua. [1/24 FBIS]
President Reagan accused Iran, with the PLO
and Libya, of supporting the Sandinista govern-
ment of Nicaragua and international terrorism.
[1/25 NYT]
Jan. 25: In a press conference in Managua, Musavi
affirmed Iran's support of Nicaragua's Sandinista
government but denied Reagan's claim that Iran
supported international terrorism or had supplied
the Sandinistas with arms. [1/26 WP]
Jan. 27: Striking workers at industrial sites in
Tehran and other cities denied any ties with leftist
groups such as the Tudah, Muj&hidinand Fada'-
378
iyan, accordingto clandestineradio reports. [1/29
FBIS]
Jan. 29: Iranexecuted 29 convicteddrugdealersin
Tehranand Mashhad,accordingto the newspaper
Kayhan. [1/30NYT]
Jan. 30: Iran announcedthat a "large numberof
prisoners at Tabriz" had been pardoned by
Khumaynion the occasion of the sixth anniversary
of the IslamicRevolutionand wouldbe freed. [1/30
FBIS]
Feb. 4: Accordingto Reuter, Iran announcedthat
Asad Allah Lajavardi,known as the "Butcher of
Tehran"for his role as revolutionaryprosecutorin
sentencing thousands of Iranians to death, had
been replacedby a religiousjudge from Mashhad,
Hujat al-Islam Razihi. Reportedly Lajavardi's
controversialpolicyof refusingto release prisoners
untilthey had become Muslimfundamentalistsled
to his removal. [2/5JP]
The Iraniannews agency reported that about
1000buildingswere destroyedand 500 damagedby
earthquakesin the southerntown on Fath-Abad,30
km. south of Shiraz. [2/5 JP]
Feb. 6: Iran announcedthat one person died and
two were woundedin a grenadeattackon a govern-
ment buildingin Tehran.In Frankfurt,West Ger-
many, an Iranian bank was set on fire and 14
persons were wounded. Two groups opposed to
Khumaynisaid they were responsible.[2/7 NYT]
Feb. 11:Irancelebratedthe sixth anniversaryof its
revolutionwith demonstrationsand parades. Re-
portedly, about 300 Muslim fundamentalists
stormedthe offices of the Freedom Movementof
MahdiBazargan,and beat up some of its members
who were celebrating the event, including
Bazargan.[2/12WP]
Feb. 12: Iranianradio announcedthe arrest of a
"large number" of members of the opposition
Fada'iyan-iKhalqin KurdistanandGunabad.[2/12
FBIS]
The Iraniannews agency acknowledgedthat the
Tehran headquartersof the Islamic Revolution's
prosecutorwas attackedby "anti-revolutionaries"
on Feb. 10. [2/13FBIS]
Five men were indicted in Los Angeles on
charges of conspiring to buy Hawk antiaircraft
missile componentsfrom undercoverUS customs
agents for export to Iran. [2/14CSM]
Feb. 13: Musavi announcedthat the Iraniangov-
ernment had decided to sell a number of state-
owned factories. [2/14FBIS]
Feb. 14: Iranannouncedit had agreedto sell oil to
Nicaraguaand would begin deliveries later in the
year. [2/14CSM]
One hundredfifty shops in Tehranwere closed
for spreading"decadent Westem culture." [2/14
FBIS]
Feb. 15: Meed reported that Col. Muhammad
Sohrabi had been appointed commander of the
gendarmeriein place of Col. Kuchakzadeh.[2/15
MEED]
Feb. 16: Clandestine reports from Iran said a strike
by workers of the Iranian national airline to protest
regime surveillance of airline employees had para-
lyzed air transportation in Iran. [2/20 FBIS]
Feb. 24: Iranian authorities hanged four guerrillas
of the opposition Mujahidin organization in Shiraz.
[2/25 WP]
Feb. 25: Iran lodged a protest with Kuwait over the
alleged torture of Iranians expelled for subversive
activities. [2/26 FBIS]
Feb. 26: Two members of the Mujahidin-i Khalq
were killed in Tehran in a clash with security
forces. [2/27 FBIS]
Feb. 27: The trial of four Iranians arrested on
terrorism charges ended in Spain. [2/27 FBIS]
Feb. 28: Three Iranians in Spain were released after
being acquitted of terrorism charges. A fourth was
sentenced to six years in prison. [2/28 FBIS]
March 5: A Baha'i was executed in Tehran on Feb.
25 on charges of spying for Israel and for belonging
to the illegal sect. [3/19 FBIS]
March 6: Three Mujahidin-i Khalq members were
executed at Evin Prison in Tehran. [3/6 FBIS]
March 7: A Baha'i observer told the UN Human
Rights Commission in Geneva that 140 members of
his sect had been executed in Iran and that others
had been tortured and imprisoned. [3/8 NYT]
March 10: Former Health Minister Hadi Manafi
was appointed deputy prime minister and head of
the Environmental Protection Organization. [3/14
FBIS]
March 12: Minister of Transport Hadinizhad
Husayniyan resigned, and Abu'l-Hasan Khamfishi
was named temporary head of the ministry. [3/14
FBIS]
March 15: A suicide bomber killed five worshipp-
ers at a Friday prayer service in Tehran where
President 'Ali Khaman'i was giving the sermon.
Khaman'i escaped injury and resumed his sermon,
blaming the attack on "a Munafiqin splinter
group." [FBIS 3/15]
March 22: A gathering in a mosque in Mashhad to
celebrate the Iranian New Year turned into a large
demonstration against the Khumayni regime, and
prompted an unscheduled visit to the city by
Khaman'i. [3/25 FBIS]
April 1: The US warned Iran that it would hold it
responsible if Americans held by kidnappers in
Lebanon were executed. [4/2 NYT]
April 3: Iran denied any Iranian involvement in
the kidnappings of Americans in Lebanon. [4/4
FBIS]
The 8th US Circuit Court of Appeals in St. Louis
ruled that McDonnell Douglas Corporation did not
have to stand trial in Iran for reneging on an
agreement to provide spare parts for F-4 fighter
planes sold to that country. [4/5 CSM]
April 6: Afghan radio reported that 10 Afghan
refugees were killed and almost 100 injured in
clashes with Iranian security forces in Mashhad
after Iran tried to conscript the Afghans to fight
against Iraq. [4/7 NYT]
A bomb planted in a telephone booth damaged a
Tehran bookstore and wounded two people. An-
other explosion reportedly damaged a center of the
Guard Corps, killing 14 and injuring more than 35.
[4/9 FBIS]
April 7: Iran said it had uncovered on March 30 a
"sabotage network" possessing large amounts of
explosives, and had foiled a hijacking on April 1.
[4/9 FBIS]
April 8: Iran announced it would open a trade office
in Dubayy to promote agricultural, industrial and
nonoil exports to the Arab Gulf States. [4/9 CSM]
The radio station of the Afghan rebels denied any
Afghans had been killed by Iranian security forces
in Mashhad, Iran. [4/11 FBIS]
April 11: An official in Khurasan denied that any
Afghans in Iran were forced to fight against Iraq
and said a recent clash had been caused after the
family of an Iranian man flogged for "unchaste
behavior" with an Afghan girl had started a fight
with Afghan refugees near Mashhad. The fight
reportedly spread and 70 persons, including 11
Afghans, had been detained for questioning. [4/12
FBIS]
Iraq
(See also, Arab-Israeli Conflict, Regional
Affairs, Kuwait, Pakistan)
1985
Jan. 21: Saudi Foreign Minister Sa'ud al-Fay$al
met President Saddam Husayn in Baghdad. [1/25
MEED]
Jan. 23: Husayn signed an order on Jan. 22 granting
20 per cent of the price of confiscated goods to
those who expose hoarders of goods. [1/24 FBIS]
Jan. 28: 'All Muhammad 'All assumed his duties as
Sudan's ambassador to Iraq. [1/30 FBIS]
Jan. 30: Jordan's King lIusayn arrived in Baghdad
on a state visit. [1/31 FBIS]
Jan. 31: After meeting with President Husayn,
King Ijusayn left Baghdad. [1/31 FBIS]
Feb. 12: Husayn signed a decree granting amnesty
to members of outlawed parties and movements,
including the Al-Da'wa Party, if they reported to
authorities within a specified period. [2/13 FBIS]
Feb. 13: In Tehran, spokesman for the Al-D&'wa
Party rejected Husayn's amnesty offer as a "propa-
ganda maneuver". [2/14 FBIS]
Feb. 28: Kurdish spokesmen claimed that seven
Kurdish members of the Kurdish Democratic Party
were killed in a jail in Mosul, despite a general
amnesty announced by Baghdad. [28/2 LM]
379
March6: PresidentReaganreceivedthe credentials The government informed the Israeli Arabic
of Nizar Hamdfin, Iraqi ambassadorto the US, newspaperAl-Anba' that it would no longer re-
markingthe resumptionof diplomaticties between ceive governmentfunds. [1/28JP]
the two countries,brokenin June 1967.[3/6 FBIS] Jan. 28: Peres announcedthat an Israeli approach
to the Soviet Union throughOccidentalPresident
Armand Hammer had brought the reply that
improved relations would depend on the state
of detente between the two superpowers. [2/4
MEES]
Israel Jan. 29: Rabin seemed to confirm reports that
Israel is shippingarms to China, althoughhe said
(See also, Arab-Israeli Conflict, Lebanon, that "we don't talk about any arms deals with
Sudan) countries that prefer not to agree to that." [1/30
NYT]
The US plans to give Israel $1.8 billion in mili-
1985 tary aid for the next fiscal year, up $.4 billionover
Jan. 16: In New York, a jury decided a Time the previous year, but less than the $2.1 billion
magazinestory about formerdefence and current requested.In addition,it will provideat least $1.2
Ministerwithout PortfolioAriel Sharon'slinks to billion in economic aid, pending Israeli austerity
the Sabra and Shatila massacre was defamatory. measures. [1/30NYT]
[1/21CSM] In a speech to Bedouin notables in the Negev,
By a vote of 62 to 51, the Israeli parliament Perescalledon Jordanto makepeace with Israel.It
rejected a motion by four religious parties to re- was the first time an Israeli prime minister had
define who is a Jew. The motion would have visited the Bedouin. [1/30 FBIS]
recognizedno conversionsto Judaismexcept those The Knesset Finance Committeeendorsed the
performedby Orthodoxrabbis. [1/17NYT] 2nd Package Deal, four days before the first one
Jan. 18:An Israelisource said thatUS Secretaryof expired. [1/30FBIS]
State George Shultz had sent a letter to Prime Jan. 30: The Pentagonagreedto a sizeableincrease
Minister Shimon Peres complimentingIsrael on in Israeli militarysales to the US armed forces,
measurestakento curbinflationand urgingfurther including pilotless reconnaissance aircraft, mor-
steps. [1/18 NYT] tars, ammunitionandhardwareamountingto "sev-
The jury in the Sharonlibel trial decided a key eral hundredmilliondollars." [1/30 FBIS]
paragraphin the Time story was false. It then Israeli Defence Minister Yitzhak Rabin met
began deliberatingon whether or not Time had PresidentReaganat the WhiteHouse to discuss the
publishedthe story with reckless disregardfor the Israelieconomy and a possible increase in US aid
truth. [1/19 NYT] to Israel. [2/1 FBIS]
Jan. 24: The VillageVoice reportedthatthe bulkof Feb. 2: SenatorsBarryGoldwater(R-AZ)and Sam
Sharon'slegal expenses had been paid by a group Nunn (D-GA)blockedthe completionof a massive
of wealthy AmericanJews. [1/24JP] Israelisale of mortarsto the Pentagon,sayingthere
A jury foundthata 1983Timemagazinestorydid hadnot been enoughcompetitivebiddinginvolving
not libel Sharon, even thoughit containeda false potentialUS contractors.[2/3 JP]
and defamatoryparagraph,because the magazine Feb. 4: The Israeli Cabinetdecided on increased
did not publish it with "serious doubts as to its economic austerity measures, includingdoubling
truth." [1/25 NYT] the traveltax on Israelisgoingabroad,a rise in the
Jerusalemradio announcedthat agreementhad deposit surchargeon importsof consumergoods,
been reachedon an economic packagedeal for the and an end to interest paymentson Patam dollar
next eight months. The deal would cancel all savings held for less than a year, in an effort to
subsidies for fuel, causing fuel prices to rise im- stem the outflowof foreign currencyand increase
mediately by about 34 per cent. Waterand other governmentrevenues. [2/5 JP]
subsidized commodities would also rise substan- Feb. 7: Israel informedthe US it would
permitthe
tially in price, but the average increase in general
installationof a Voice of America(VOA)transmit-
prices in the followingmonthswould be restricted
to 25 per cent. [1/24 FBIS] ter in Israel to enhance US broadcasts to the
Jan. 25: Israeli officials said they hoped the new USSR. [2/8 NYT]
wage and price control agreementwould increase Feb. 10: El'azar Granot was elected secretary
Israel's chances of obtaininga largeincreasein US general of the MAPAM Party, replacing Victor
economic aid. [1/26 WP] Shamtov. [2/12FBIS]
Jan. 27: The Israelicabinetunanimouslyapproved Feb. 11: Rabbi David Sloush, the Sephardichief
a $23 billion budgetfor 1985-6, a cut of nearly $2 rabbiof Netanya, appointedby the chief rabbisto
billion from the previous year's actual spending. study the status of the Ethiopian Jewish com-
[1/28WP] munity,said thatthe Falashasare "Jews withouta

380
doubt" and should not have to undergo ritual casts from Israel show "a more objective attitude"
conversion. [2/12JP] towards Middle East issues and refrain from dam-
Feb. 12: The Civilian Administrationissued an aging Israel's image. [3/25 FBIS]
orderforbiddingsettlersin Hebronto vote for or be March 24: Hundreds of Ethiopian Jews protested
elected to the Qiryat Arba' council. This would in Jerusalem over what they said was insulting
prevent extremist Rabbi Moshe Levinger from treatment from the nation's rabbis, especially a
runningfor office. [2/13 FBIS] rule requiring them to undergo ritual conversion.
Feb. 17:FormerSephardichief rabbiOvadiaYosef [3/25 NYT]
reversed himself and said he no longer believes a March 29: The Israeli Knesset approved a pared-
symbolicconversionceremonyfor EthiopianJews down budget, and government, industry and union
is necessary. [2/18JP] officials signed an agreement freezing prices for
Feb. 19:Peres met Pope JohnPaulII at the Vatican four more months. [3/30 WP]
in Rome, becoming only the second Israeli Prime April 4: The Jerusalem Post reported that Israel
Ministerto meet a pope. [2/20NYT] would shortly sign an agreement to buy a 950-
Feb. 21: Peres met Rumanian leader Nicolae megawatt nuclear reactor from France that would
Ceausescu in Bucharest.[2/22NYT] be in operation by 1993. [4/4 JP]
Feb. 23: Ethiopia accused Israel of abducting April 5: Sharon said he would run for prime min-
12,000 Ethiopian Jews transportedto Israel and ister in 1988 and that he hopes Jews settle in Jordan
demandedtheir return,saying they were not Jew- some day. [4/6 WP]
ish. [2/24 NYT] April 8: Rabin and Peres reacted favorably to a US
March4: The US and Israelconcludeda free trade invitation to Israel to participate in its "Star
agreement that if approved by Congress would Wars" space weapons development program. [4/8
eliminate all tariffs between the two countries FBIS]
within 10 years. [3/5 NYT]
March 6: The US Administrationtold Congress
that Israel had failed to make sufficientprogressin
its economic recovery plan for the US to meet
immediatelyits requestfor $2.6 billionin additional
aid. [3/7 NYT]
Jordan
Key members of Congress, upset with the (See also, Arab-Israeli Conflict, Algeria,
administration'sdefermentof Israel's aid request, Bahrain, Iraq, Morocco, Syria, UAE)
threatenedto take the initiative to provide more
aid if the White House continues to delay. [3/7 1985
WP] Jan. 18: The President of Jordan's Alia Airlines,
Israeli Finance MinisterYitzhakModaiand US 'All Ghandfir, reportedly invited a group of Ameri-
officials began talks in Washingtonon US aid to can Jewish leaders to meet with King Husayn in
Israel. [3/6 WP] Jordan. [1/18 FBIS]
March8: Modaisaid he and Shultzhadworkedout Jan. 19: Ghandur denied a report that he had
a satisfactory "understanding"on the Israeli re- invited US Jewish leaders to visit Jordan. [1/22
quest for more US aid. [3/9 NYT] FBIS]
March 14: An Egyptianagriculturaldelegationar- Jan. 20: Jordan announced that a trip by US Jewish
rived in Israel. [3/15FBIS] leaders could not take place "for the time being."
The US asked Israel for agrementto appoint- [1/23 FBIS]
ment of Thomas Pickering,currentlyambassador Jan. 23: Prime Minister Ahmad 'Ubaydat reported
to El Salvador, as ambassadorto Israel to re- that Jordan had struck oil at a third well in the
place Samuel Lewis, who is leaving in May. [3/15 Azraq area and that the new well was producing
WP] crude at five times the rate of the first two. [1/24
March 15: Shamir met CanadianPrime Minister FBIS]
BrianMulroneyin Ottowa. [3/17JP] Jan. 24: The Lower House of Parliament voted
March 17: The Tehiya and Tzomet partiesagreed during a closed session in favor of a controversial
to combine. [3/19 FBIS] passport law that stipulates that no passports are to
March 21: The heads of the government'seco- be issued or renewed for Jordanian nationals living
nomic ministries, the Histadrut and the Manu- abroad without the approval of authorities speci-
facturer'sAssociationmet in an attemptto salvage fied by the Ministry of the Interior. Seven deputies
the crumblingpackagedeal. [3/21JP] walked out in protest over the House's decision to
March 22: A large group of EthiopianJews were vote on the issue without hearing opposing views.
airlifted by US military transportplanes from a [1/25 FBIS]
Sudanese refugee camp to Israel, in an operation Jan. 28: Information Minister Layla Sharaf re-
reportedlyplannedby the CIA. [3/23WP] signed because of what she said was an "unclear"
In upcomingjoint US-Israeli talks, Israel was information policy and lack of freedom of opinion.
reportedto be planningto insist that VOA broad- [1/29 FBIS]

381
Jan. 29: The JordanianSenate ratifiedthe contro-
versial amendmentof the passportlaw in prepara-
tion for referringit to the Cabinet.[1/30FBIS]
Jan. 30: Al-Majallah reported that Jordan and
Egypt had signed a "strategic cooperationagree-
ment" whereby each side would provide military
assistance to the other in case of a threat. [1/2
FBIS]
King Husaynleft Ammanfor a visit to Baghdad.
[1/30 FBIS]
Jan. 31: Egypt and Jordan signed a manpower
cooperation agreement to standardizerights and
responsibilities of workers from both countries.
[2/1 FBIS]
Feb. 7: MahjfibMustafaRudwanwas appointedas
Sudan's ambassadorto Jordan.[2/7 FBIS]
Feb. 8: Tourism,Cultureand AntiquitiesMinister
Tahir Hikmat was appointed acting information
minister after the resignation of Sharaf. [2/8
MEED]
Feb. 11: A US Congressionaldelegationmet with
leading Cabinetmembersand parliamentarians in
Amman. [2/12FBIS]
Feb. 14: The Cabinetapprovedthe amended 1985
PassportLaw. [2/15 FBIS]
Feb. 19: Prince Bandarbin Sultan, SaudiArabia's
ambassadorto the US, arrivedin Ammanto dis-
cuss the resultsof KingFahd's tripto Washington.
[2/20 FBIS]
Feb. 28: KingHusayncalledParliamentto convene
for an extraordinarysession on March2 to discuss
provisionaland amendeddraftlaws. [3/1 FBIS]
March 4: The Jordanian Cabinet endorsed the
death sentence passed in absentia on four West
Bankfugitivesfor sellingland to Israel. [3/6FBIS]
March6: JordaninvitedWest Bankmembersof the
JordanianParliamentand other pro-Jordanianfig-
ures in the West Bankto Ammanfor consultations
on March5. [3/6 FBIS]
March 11: UNRWA said it might have to reduce
services to Palestinian refugees in Jordan if its
budgetdeficitis not covered soon. [3/12FBIS]
March 15: Jordan's Religious Ministry fired
ShaykhSa'd al-Dinal-'Alaw!as Jerusalem'smufti,
reportedly because of his ties with Israelis and
supportof PLO leader Yfsir 'Arafat.[3/15FBIS]
March21: The offices of Royal JordanianAirlines
in Athens, Rome and Nicosia were attackedwith
hand grenades. Four people were injured. [3/22
NYT]
The Palestinian Black September organization
claimed responsibilityfor the attacks on Jordan's
airlineoffices. [3/22 FBIS]
March 22: Over the Reagan Administration'sob-
jections, a subcommittee of the House Foreign
Relations Committeelinked US shipmentsof so-
phisticatedweapons to Jordanwith Jordan'srec-
ognitionof Israeland the holdingof directnegotia-
tions between the two countries. [3/22FBIS]
March25: Husayn arrivedin Spain for an official
three-dayvisit. [3/25 FBIS]
382
'Abdallah $aldhl, Jordan's permanent repre-
sentativeat the UN, was appointedambassadorto
Cuba. [3/26FBIS]
March 26: Husayn and Spanish Prime Minister
Felipe Gonzalez discussed Middle East issues in
talks in Madrid.[3/27FBIS]
April 1: Husayn returnedfrom Spain to Amman.
[4/2 FBIS]
April 2: The commander-in-chief of the Jordanian
armedforces, Gen. Zayd bin Shakir,met with US
Assistant Secretaryof Defense RichardArmitage
in Ammanto discuss US armssales to Jordan.[4/3
CSM]
April 3: A Lebanese youth fired a bazooka at the
Jordanianembassy in Rome. No injuries were
reported.[4/3 FBIS]
Black Septemberclaimed responsibilityfor the
attack on the Jordanianembassy in Rome. [4/4
FBIS]
April 4: A man fired a bazooka at a Jordanian
airlinerpreparingto take off from Athens, causing
slightdamage.[4/5 NYT]
JordanianPrime MinisterAhmad 'Ubaydat re-
signedand Husayn asked Zayd al-Rifa'ito form a
new government.[4/5 NYT]
April 5: Jordan'snew Cabinetwas announced:
Zayd al-Rifa'i: Prime Minister and Minister of
Defence
'Abd al-Wahhabal-Maj&li: Deputy Prime Minister
and Ministerof Education
Tahiral-Masri:ForeignAffairs
Hanna 'Awdah:Finance and Customs
Marwanal-Hammuid: Municipal,Rural and Envi-
ronmentalAffairs
Khalidal-HdJjIHasan:Labourand Social Develop-
ment
'Abd al-'Aziz al-Khayat:Religious Endowments
and Islamic Affairs
MahmfidHawamdah:Public Works
Raja'ial-Mu'ashir:Supplies, Tradeand Industry
Farhi 'Ubayd: Transport
Hishamal-Khatib:Energyand MineralResources
'Abdallahal-Nasiur:Planning
Na.ir al-Dinal-Asad:HigherEducation
Riyadhal-Shakir:Justice
AhmadDakhgan:Agriculture
Muhammadal-Khatib:Information,Culture,Tour-
ism and Antiquities
Hishamal-Sharari:Youth
TahirKanaan:OccupiedTerritoriesAffairs
Zayd Hamzah:Health
Hassan al-Kayyid:Interior
Muhylal-Dinal-Husayni:Communications
Hazim Nusaybah: Minister of State for Prime
MinisterialAffairs
Sami Judah:Ministerof State for Parliamentary
Affairs. (4/12 MEED]
April 11: Five membersof a group of seven US
Congressmenheld a two-hourmeetingwith 'Arafat
in Amman.[4/12WP]
April 12:The US delegationmet with KingHusayn Yfisuf Muhammadal-Nisf: Labor and Social Af-
and other Jordanianofficials. [4/12FBIS] fairs
Rashid 'Abd al-'Aziz al-Rahid:Ministerfor State
for CabinetAffairs
'Abd al-RahmanIbrahim al-Hfiti: Public Works
and Housing
Kuwait Nasir Muhammadal-Ahmadal-Jabiral-$abah:In-
formation
(See also, Arab-Israeli Conflict, Algeria, Muhammadal-Sayyid 'Abd al-Muhsin al-Riff'i:
Bahrain,Iraq, Morocco, Syria, UAE) Electricity[3/4 FBIS]
The KuwaitdailyAl-Qabasreportedthat several
1985 major US banks had stopped credit to Kuwaiti
Jan. 18: MEEDreportedthat Soviet surface-to-air companiespendingthe improvementof theirfinan-
missiles ordered in July had been added to cial standing.[3/6 FBIS]
Kuwait's armed forces inventory, including the March24: Defense MinisterSalim $abah al-Salim
equivalentof the shoulder-fired"Stinger" missile al-$abah was appointedminister of social affairs
which the US had refusedto providein 1984.[1/18 and labor in additionto his defense position, re-
MEED] placingYfisuf Muhammadal-Nisf, who resigned.
Jan. 26: Five Iranianswent on trial in Kuwaitfor [3/26FBIS]
"subversive activities" including an attempt to March27: The UAE and Kuwaitendedjoint mili-
blow up the InformationMinistrycomplexhousing tary exercises. [3/28FBIS]
the country's radio and television broadcasting
stations. [FBIS 1/29]
Feb. 13: A Kuwaitiand an Iranianwere sentenced
to ten years in prisonfor "chargesrelatedto state
security." Four other men were acquittedof simi-
lar charges. [2/13 FBIS]
Lebanon
Feb. 17: Several prominentKuwaiti women, in- (See also, Arab-IsraeliConflict,Iran)
cluding a memberof the royal family, renewed a
call for voting rights, as Kuwaiti parliamentary 1985
elections approached. A poll showed that most Jan. 16: PrimeMinisterRashidKardmlannounced
Kuwaitimen opposed the idea. [2/18NYT] new securitymeasuresfor West Beirut, including
Feb. 20: The 3.5 per cent of the Kuwaitipopulation the closing of all except the main party offices,
eligible to vote went to the polls for parliamentary collection of heavy weapons, withdrawalof gun-
elections. [2/20AN] men, and removingpoliticalprotectionfrom viola-
Feb. 21: The resultsof the electionsfor the Kuwaiti tors. Reportedlywork had already begun to re-
national assembly were announced.Twenty-eight move bunkers, hurdles and roadblocks recently
new members, out of a total of 50, joined the erected. [1/17FBIS]
Parliament.Two prominentMuslimfundamental- French observers returnedto their posts at al-
ists lost their seats, while the numberof progres- Shuwayfat and Budj al-Murr after two French
sive "nationalists"increased. [2/21FBIS] observers were killed on Jan. 14 in the Beirut
Feb. 23: The Kuwaiti Cabinet resigned following suburbof Budjal-Barajnah.Islamic Jihad denied
the elections, as requiredby the constitution.[2/24 responsibilityfor the murders.[1/17FBIS]
NYT] Jan. 17: A series of explosions rockedWest Beirut
Feb. 24: Amir Shaykh Jabir al-Ahmadal-$abahh, after the Lebanese Army failed to remove bar-
Kuwait's leader, reappointedheir apparentSa'd ricadesand barriersas planned.[1/18FBIS]
al-'Abdallahal-Salim al-$abalhas prime minister Jan. 18: A car bomb exploded in West Beirut as
and chargedhim with nominatingmembersof the artillery barrages killed three and wounded 17.
new Cabinet. [2/25 FBIS] [1/19 WP]
Feb. 28: Unidentifiedgunmenassassinatedan Iraqi Jan. 21: Mustafa Sa'd, leader of the main Sunni
diplomatand his son at their residencein Kuwait. militiain Sidon, the IndependentNasirite Move-
[3/1 FBIS] ment, was critically injured when a car bomb
March 2: Islamic Jihad claimed responsibilityfor destroyed his house. A total of 50 people were
killingthe Iraqidiplomatand his son. [3/4 FBIS] reported dead or wounded in the explosion.
March 3: The new Kuwaiti Cabinet was an- Karami accused Israel of responsibility. [1/22
nounced. The new appointmentswere: NYT]
Jasim Muhammadal-Khurafi:Finance and Eco- Jan. 22: Israel denied any connectionwith the car
nomics bomb that wounded Sa'd the day before. [1/23
Hassan 'All al-Ibrahim:Education FBIS]
Khalid Ahmad al-Jasir: Islamic Endowments and The bombingincitedwidespreadstrikesandpro-
Islamic Affairs tests in southernLebanon. [1/23 CSM]

383
Jan. 23: Italian officials said Islamic Jihad had
threatenedto strikeat Italianinterestsin Lebanon
if seven Lebaneseaccusedof planningan attackon
the US embassy in Rome were not released. [1/23
FBIS]
Jan. 24: Voice of Lebanon radio reported that
shells from West Beirut hit a hospital in East
Beirut, injuringthree people. [1/24FBIS]
Jan. 25: The Voice of Lebanon reported that
despite promises by all parties to help implement
the security plan in Beirut, concentrationsof gun-
men hadappearedin the city overnightandthatthe
Kurds,the al-Murabitfin,the Socialists, the Syrian
Social NationalistParty and the Amal movement
hadeitherset up new barricadesor reinforcedtheir
numbersin Beirut. [1/25 FBIS]
Lebanese banks suspendedcurrencytradingfor
more thanan hourafterthe Lebanesepoundfell to
a record low of 12 to the US dollar. [1/26NYT]
Jan. 26: EducationMinisterSalimal-Hussresigned
from the government.[1/27NYT]
Jan. 28: Al-Huss rescinded his resignationunder
strong pressurefrom other Cabinetmembersand
from Syria. [1/29 NYT]
Jan. 29: WilliamBuckley, kidnappedpoliticalof-
ficer in the US embassy in Beirut, was seen in a
videotape released by a private London news
agency in which he called on the US to work
quickly for his release and the release of other
missing Americansin Lebanon. The tape did not
indicate who was holdingBuckley. [1/29NYT]
Feb. 1: A car-bombexplodedoutsidea newly built
mosque in Tripoli,Lebanon,killing10 andinjuring
60. [2/2 WP]
Lebanese bankers voluntarily stopped trading
currency for two hours in an attemptto halt the
decline of the Lebanese pound. [2/3 NYT]
Feb. 2: The LebaneseCabinetmet in an emergency
session to deal with a series of major crises,
including security issues, the crumblingof the
Lebanese economy, and the Israeli withdrawal.
[2/3 NYT]
The Lebanese poundfell to a new low of 13.3 to
the dollar. [2/3 NYT] Three Lebanese banks-
CapitalTrust,Universal,and Saridarwere bombed
in Beirut.The threewere suspectedof beingpartof
a "dollarmafia"thathad reportedlybeen speculat-
ing in currency, weakeningthe Lebanese pound.
Six people were injured. Islamic Jihad claimed
responsibility.[2/4 FBIS]
Feb. 5: Rafiqal-Hariri,SaudiArabianbusinessman
and Lebanese expert, said Saudi Arabiawas pre-
pared to pump $500 millioninto Lebanon'streas-
ury to help stop the decline of the Lebanese
currency. [2/6 CSM]
Feb. 7: SamiRababi,firstdeputychief executiveof
MiddleEast Airlines,was kidnappedin Beirut.[2/7
FBIS]
Feb. 8: An Italian judge released two of seven
Lebanese arrestedin 1984for plottingto blow up
the US embassy in Rome. [1/9 NYT]
384
Feb. 10: Seven people were killed and several
others wounded in two car-bomb explosions in
Beirutand Tripoli.[2/11 NYT]
Feb. 14: Shi'a leader Nabih Birri said he was not
boycotting Cabinet meetings but that the regime
was "boycottingthe Cabinet"by not implementing
the policies they had agreed upon. He said he
would attendwhen it did so. [2/15FBIS]
JeremyLevin, an Americanjournalistkidnapped
in March1984in Beirut, escaped from his captors
and turned himself into a Syrian army post near
Ba'lbak,in the Biqa' Valley. [2/14WP]
Feb. 15: The Reagan Administrationexpressed
appreciationfor Syria's "positive role" in the
release of Levin, who was reunitedwith his family
in Frankfurt.[2/16 NYT]
Feb. 16: Formerworld boxing championMuham-
madAli arrivedin Beirutto seek the releaseof four
Americanskidnappedin West Beirutin 1984.[2/17
WP]
Feb. 18:A car-bombexplodedoutsidethe officesof
the Amal militia in West Beirut, killing at least
three and wounding40. [2/19JP]
Feb. 19: A Frenchtruce observerat a post south-
east of Beirutwas shot andkilledby an unidentified
gunman.[2/21NYT]
Feb. 20: MuhammadAli left Beirutaftera fruitless
visit. [AN 2/21]
Feb. 23: An airportguard angry about working
conditions hijacked a Lebanese airliner for five
hours, threateningto crash it into the presidential
palace. One passengerdied and seven were injured
in the incident. The hijackerescaped into Beirut.
[2/24NYT]
Feb. 25: Two cars riggedwith bombsexplodedin a
Shi'i suburbof Beirut,killingsix and wounding30.
[2/26NYT]
Feb. 26: Phalanges Party leader Elie Karamah
expressed satisfaction over his recent visit to
Damascus and said contacts would continue "to
rectify the Syrian officials' picture of security in-
formation."[2/27FBIS]
Feb. 28: Birri announcedhe would again attend
Cabinet sessions after agreeingwith Karamithat
such sessions would cover political reforms. [:3/1
FBIS]
March4: A largeexplosionat a mosquein Ma'raka
killed 15 and injured40. [3/5 NYT]
The relatives of Rev. Lawrence M. Jones, an
AmericanCatholicpriest kidnappedin Januaryin
Beirut, announcedthat they had received a letter
from him. [3/4 CSM]
March 5: The Phalanges released 50 Syrians in
Al-Duwwaras part of an initiative to obtain the
release of Lebanese held in Syria. [3/5 FBIS]
Thousandsof Shl'is marchedin Beirutto protest
the mosque bombingin Ma'rakah.[3/6 WP]
March6: A large explosion in the Riyadhal-$ulh
square area of Beirut destroyed a coffee shop,
killingseven and wounding10. [3/7 FBIS]
March8: A car bomb in the Shi'i Beirutsuburbof
Bir al-'Abd killed approximately80 people and
wounded several hundred.[3/10WP]
March9: PresidentAmin al-Jummayil,PrimeMin-
ister Karami and Syrian Vice President 'Abd al-
Halim Khaddam began two days of talks at
Bikfayya. [3/10 FBIS]
March 11: The PhalangesParty's politicalbureau
decided unanimously to expel Lebanese Forces
MobilizationBranch Chief Samir Ja'ja' from the
party for refusing to give up the checkpoint he
controlled on the Beirut-Tripolihighway. [3/12
FBIS]
March 12: Kar&mileft for Moscow to attend the
funeralof KonstantinChernenko.[3/13FBIS]
March 13: Ja'ja' proclaimedhimself leader of an
uprisingwithin the Lebanese Forces, and his sup-
porters wounded Forces commanderFu'ad Abu
Nalir in an assassinationattemptin Ashrafiyyah.
The rebels also seized the clandestineRadio Free
Lebanon. [3/13 FBIS]
Anti-Jumayyil Ja'ja' forces opposed to
Lebanon's close ties with Syria reportedlyseized
control of most of the area around the port of
Junieh,partsof Beirut,and the mountainsnorthof
Beirut. [3/14 NYT]
Jummayilconvened Christianleaders in Beirut
in an attemptto solve the Ja'ja' crisis. [3/14WP]
A car bomb in West Beirut killed three and
woundedseven. [3/14 FBIS]
March 14: The US announcedit had temporarily
withdrawnsome employees from the embassy at
Beirut as a result of the worseningsecurity situa-
tion. [3/15 NYT]
Anti-JummayilChristian militiamen expanded
their control of Christianareas north of Beirut.
[3/15 NYT]
A British scientist was kidnapped in West
Beirut. [3/15 NYT]
The Lebanese Forces Command,led by Ja'ja',
formed an Emergency Committee and met with
members of a Christian committee headed by
MaronitepatriarchCardinalMar AntfiniusButrfis
Khurayshin Bkirki,where they vowed to continue
to support all constitutional institutions. [3/15
FBIS]
Syria said it would not tolerate the Ja'ja' rebel-
lion. [3/14 FBIS]
March15: OpposingPhalangesfactions clashed in
Beirut, and the Lebanese Army intervenedin the
fighting.[3/15 FBIS]
A seniorofficialin the rebelmilitiasaid the group
does not want to provoke Syrianinterventionand
would prefer to negotiate a settlement with
Jumayyil,whom they asked to resign as leader of
the PhalangesParty. [3/16WP]
The rebels, callingthemselvesthe "independent
Christiandecision movement," said they did not
"harbor any hostile designs" but sought to "re-
store the Christiandecision and rebuildthe repre-
sentational and decision-making institutions."
[3/19FBIS]
A British businessman was abducted in West
Beirut. [3/16NYT]
March 16: Syrian troops in northern Lebanon
moved closer to Christian-controlled territoryin a
show of supportfor Jumayyil,after Syrianofficials
refused to meet with representativesof the rebel
militia.[3/17NYT]
The chief Middle East correspondent of the
Associated Press was kidnappedin West Beirut.
Eleven more US diplomatswere evacuated from
Beirut,bringingthe total to about 30. [3/17NYT]
Amal gunmenkidnappeda Libyan diplomatin
West Beirut. [3/18FBIS]
March17:LebaneseChristianmilitiaforces vowed
to resist if Syrianforces moved againstthem, but
said they did not expect this to happen.[3/17NYT]
Israel denied accusationsby Lebanese Muslims
that it was involvedin the strugglebetween Chris-
tian groupsin Lebanon. [3/18FBIS]
An anonymous caller said Islamic Jihad was
responsiblefor the kidnappingsof two Britonsand
an Americanin the past four days. [3/18 NYT]
March18:The Britishembassyin West Beirutwas
closed to the public after the recent spate of
kidnappings.[3/19NYT]
As rebellious Christianmilitiamencalled for a
confederationof sectarian-basedmini-states,Mus-
lim leader Birri and Druze leader Walid Junbl&t
warned against a possible violent reaction from
Lebanon'sMuslims.[3/19WP]
Karami said the rebels' call for a Christian
legislaturecould "lead to the eliminationof Leba-
non." Birri said Israel was providing arms and
weapons to the rebels and urged the Jummayil
governmentto move againstthem. In Sidon, Chris-
tian and Muslimmilitiamenclashed, and the Leba-
nese Army came underfire as it tried to separate
the two sides. [3/19NYT]
March19: Christianand Muslimmilitiasfought in
Sidon, bringingactivity in the port to a halt and
causing Muslim families to flee from Christian-
controlledareas. Four people were reportedkilled
and 18 woundedin the fighting,which beganwhen
Christianmilitia leaders in the south announced
supportfor Ja'ja'. [3/20NYT]
March 20: The Lebanese Forces suspended its
rules for a six-monthtransitionalperiod, in which
the EmergencyCommitteewas converted into an
Executive Committee, and Ja'ja' was appointed
LebaneseForces chief of generalstaff. [3/21FBIS]
The Lebanese Cabinet ordered the Lebanese
Armyto put an end to factionalclashes in southern
Lebanon. [3/21NYT]
Heavy fightingresumedbetween the Lebanese
Army and Christianmilitiamenon the outskirtsof
Sidon after the militia rejected a peace plan pro-
posed by civic leaders and local Muslim militia
chiefs. [3/21CSM]
385
 In his first public statementabout the rebellion,
Jummayilavoidedblamingthe leadersof the upris-
ing and instead blamed the emergenceof Muslim
extremistgroups in Beirut, saying he had warned
that "intransigencein one part of Lebanon will
generate adverse intransigencein the other part."
[3/21JP]
Deposed Lebanese Forces CommanderFu'ad
AbuiNadlirwas reportedlymobilizingsupportersin
an attemptto regainhis position. [3/21 FBIS]
March22: An Italianmajorin the UNIFIL contin-
gent and the French vice consul in Beirut were
reportedabductedin West Beirut. [3/22 FBIS]
The Italianwas releasedaftera shorttime. [3/25
FBIS]
CallersfromIslamicJihadclaimedresponsibility
for the kidnappings.[3/23 WP]
March23: At least one person was killedas Chris-
tian and Muslim militiamenfought with mortars,
machine guns and grenades at the Green Line in
Beirut, the first serious clash at the line since July
1984. [3/25 WP]
Jumayyilreturnedfrom Damascus after a brief
visit. [3/25 FBIS]
March 25: A British journalist in Beirut and a
Frenchofficialin Tripoliwere reportedmissingand
feared kidnapped.[3/26NYT]
A groupcallingitself the LebaneseArmedRevo-
lutionaryFactions said it had kidnappeda French
diplomatreportedmissing in Tripoli.[3/26CSM]
The Lebanese Forces Executive Committeeor-
dered all its fightersto respect the law and legiti-
mate authoritiesand said it intendedto hand over
gradually responsibility for internal security to
state authorities.[3/26 FBIS]
March27: UNRWAasked its foreignemployeesin
Lebanonto leave the countryfor theirown safety.
[3/27FBIS]
Supportersof Ja'ja'battledwith PhalangesParty
loyalists in West Beirut and with the Lebanese
Army near Sidon. [3/28 FBIS]
A British man held for 13 days by kidnappers
was released unharmed.[3/28 NYT]
March28: The UN announcedit would withdraw
all nonessential employees from Lebanon. [3/28
FBIS]
The Army of Southern Lebanon responded to
the assassinationof one of its officialsby burning
houses in the village of Shaqra.[3/29 FBIS]
March 29: Palestinians from the refugee camps
near Sidon took partin battles between Christians
and Moslems, and the Miah-Miahrefugee camp
was shelled by Christianand pro-Israelimilitia,
killingthree and wounding40. [3/30NYT]
A ceasefirehaltedfightingbetween Muslimmili-
tiamenin Tripoli. [3/30 WP]
March30: In Sidon, Christiangunmenreportedly
killed at least 40 people in attacks on Muslim
positions and Palestinian camps. Two Lebanese
Armysoldierswere amongthose killed.Thousands
386
of Lebanese were said to have fled their homes
because of the violence. [3/31NYT]
A British businessman captured on March 15
was releasedunharmedin Beirut. [3/31 NYT]
ThreeLebaneseJews were reportedabductedin
West Beirut. [3/31FBIS]
March31: Fightingbetween Christiansand Leba-
nese Muslimsand Palestinianscontinuedin Sidon,
where the death toll reached 51, and in Beirut. A
French embassy employee capturedApril 21 was
released, while another Lebanese Jew was ab-
ducted in WadiAbuiJamil. [3/1 NYT]
BirriandKaramiaccusedIsraelof instigatingthe
hostilitiesin Sidon in orderto cause an exodus of
Christiansto a border strip that would act as a
protectivebufferfor Israel. [4/1 WP]
April 1: A ceasefire in Sidon was disturbed by
sporadicfighting.[4/1 FBIS]
The body of a DutchJesuitpriestwas foundnear
Ba'lbak. His killers were reportedlymembers of
the groupJundallfh.[4/2 FBIS]
Kidnappersbelonging to the Lebanese Armed
RevolutionaryFactions freed a French diplomat
capturedon March21. He and his two guardswere
then held brieflyby two Amalmilitiamenbeforean
Amal leaderarrangedfor their release. [4/3 NYT]
LebaneseArmy CommanderGen. Michel 'Awn
arrivedin Syria to discuss developmentsin Leba-
non with Syrian Defense MinisterMustafaTalas.
[4/2 FBIS]
After consultations with Syria, the Lebanese
governmentorderedmore armytroops to Sidon in
an effortto end two weeks of clashes there. The ten
nationsmakingup the UNIFIL contingentin Leba-
non warnedthat theirtroopswould only be able to
carry out their originalmandateif they were "al-
lowed to be deployedand operateeffectivelyin an
area that forms one uninterruptedwhole up to the
internationallyrecognizedborder." [4/2 NYT]
April3: Fightingin Sidon continued,and Palestin-
ians were reportedlyincreasing their forces and
weapons to protectthe nearbycamps. [4/3 FBIS]
April 4: Three French UNIFIL soldiers were
woundedby a roadsidebombin southernLebanon.
[4/5 NYT]
April 5: A policemanwas killed and 15 civilians
wounded in battles in Sidon, bringing the past
week's toll to 48 killedand 194wounded. [4/6 WP]
Abfu Nadliraccused 'Arafat of hiding behind
Islamicgroupsin orderto reestablisha PLO pres-
ence in Lebanon. [4/8 FBIS]
April6: Jumayyilmet with Lebanese politicaland
military leaders at his residence to try to halt
fightingin Sidon. Kar&misaidafterwardsthat steps
would be taken to strengthenthe Lebanese Army
at Sidon. [4/7 WP]
April8: Fightingcontinuedat Sidon despite a call
by Christianand Muslimleadersfor an immediate
ceasefire. [4/9 NYT]
French police discovered a cache of arms in a
Parisapartmentbelongingto the Lebanese Armed
RevolutionaryFactions, which they said may have Feb. 28: A formerLibyan diplomatand opponent
been responsible for a series of assassinationsof of Qadhdhafiwas woundedby a gunmanin Vienna.
Americanand Israelidiplomatsin Francein 1982. [3/2 FBIS]
[4/9 NYT] South Yemeni PresidiumChairman'Ali Na$ir
April9: Fifty of Lebanon'sChristianleadersissued Mubammadarrived in Libya on an official visit.
a statement denouncing Israel and backing [3/1 FBIS]
Jumayyil'spro-Syrianstance. They also called for March 2: Libyan officials claimed the Libyan
talks between Christiansand Muslims to insure woundedin Viennawas still workingfor Libya and
nationalsecurity. [4/10NYT] blamed the attack on the US and PLO Leader
April 10: Kar&miand al-Huss said they would Yasir 'Arafat.[3/4 FBIS]
boycott Cabinetmeetings until the crisis in Sidon March4: RumanianPresidentNicolae Ceausescu
had been solved. [4/10 FBIS] arrivedin Libya for a three-dayvisit. [3/5 CSM]
April 11:The LebaneseForces ExecutiveCommit- April 6: An exiled Libyan opponentof Qadhdhafi
tee calledfor the LebaneseArmyto defendcitizens was shot andkilledin a crowdof shoppersin Bonn,
in Sidon, the withdrawalof non-Lebaneseforces West Germany. Two passersby were also
from the area, and an end to Palestinianmilitary wounded. [4/7 WP]
actions in the area. [FBIS 4/12] March12: In Britain,a Libyan student was jailed
April 12: In Nabatiyah, Shl'i militants wrecked for 15 years for helping to plant six bombs in
three restaurantsfor selling alcohol, as a 150-man Londonin March 1984. [3/15MEED]
Lebanese Army unit took up positions in the area March18: North Yemen's Foreign Minister'Abd
to avert sectarianviolence. [4/13WP] al-Karimal-'Irydniarrivedin Libya for a two-day
April 13: Kuwait's news agency reported that visit. [3/20FBIS]
Lebanonhad decided to appointRabi'aHaydaras March 24: ChadianPresidentHissein Habrdsaid
ambassadorto the USSR after leaving the post Libya was reinforcingits positions in northern
vacant since 1979. [4/15 FBIS] Chad. [3/25NYT]
April 14: At least ten people were killedin Sidonin April 10: West Germanyrecalled its ambassador
what was called the most violent fightingyet be- fromLibyaover the killingof a Libyandissidentin
tween Christians,Muslimsand Palestinianssince Bonn on April6. [4/11NYT]
the clashes began 17 days before. [4/15NYT] Qadhdhafidenied Tunisianaccusations that he
was responsiblefor anti-Jewishradio broadcasts
that urged North Africans to kill their Jewish
minorities,but he defendedthem, sayingthat they
Libya were a just response to the Israeli actions in
Lebanon.[4/11NYT]
(See also, Regional Affairs, Egypt, Sudan, April 11: France released a Libyan freighterheld
Morocco) for nine months in Marseillesafter it reached an
agreementwith Libya over a Frenchvessel held in
1985 a Libyan port since 1979. The Libyan ship was
Jan. 22: TunisianForeign MinisterBeji Caid Es- believed to be responsiblefor sowing mines in the
sebsi and South Yemeni Foreign Minister 'Abd Red Sea in 1984.[4/12WP]
al-'Aziz al-Dfli arrived in Tripoli for talks. [1/22 April 12: The WashingtonPost reportedthat con-
FBIS] servativeofficersin the Libyanarmyhadmadetwo
Jan. 28: Libya accused the US 6th Fleet of con- recent attemptsto assassinateQadhdhafi,and that
ducting "provocative maneuvers"off the Libyan he had retaliated by executing as many as 75
coast. [1/29 FBIS] officersin connectionwith the plots. [4/12WP]
Jan. 29: "Angry popular demonstrations"took
place in Libya against maneuversby the US 6th
Fleet, accordingto the Libyannews agency. [1/30
FBIS]
Feb. 3: GreeceannouncedthatLibyawouldbuy $1
billion in weapons from Greece, the largestweap- Morocco
ons deal ever concludedby Greece. [2/4 FBIS] (See also, RegionalAffairs)
Feb. 5: Libya released four Britons held for eight
months in a diplomaticdispute arisingout of the 1985
shootingof an unarmedpolice constablein London Jan. 16: TunisianForeign MinisterBeji Caid Es-
in April 1984. [2/6 NYT] sebsi arrived in Rabat for an official visit. [1/17
Feb. 24: Libyan leader Mu'ammar Qadhdhafi FBIS]
spoke by satelliteto a BlackMuslimconventionin Jan. 17: Morocco and Spain discussed proposals
Chicago and urged black soldiers in the US to for a majorjoint project,a permanentlink, eithera
desert andjoin others in fightingracismin the US. bridge or a tunnel, across the nine-mile Strait of
[2/25WP] Gibraltar.[1/18CSM]

387
Jan. 22: Le Monde reported separate hunger
strikes by prisoners in Marrakesh, Tangier,
Khenitraand Fes protestingprison conditions. In
Fes, strikingstudentscondemnedto relativelylight
sentences were transferredto Tetouanand retried,
then sentencedto more severe penalties.[1/22LM]
Jan. 25: The Moroccan opposition leader Abder-
rahim Bouabid said that the government's new
economicplans, promptedby IMFpressure,would
be disastrous,and madeit impossiblefor his party,
the Socialist Union of PopularForces, to partici-
pate in the new Cabinet.However, he affirmedhis
supportfor King HassanII's policy in the Western
Sahara.[1/25 FBIS]
Feb. 8: Hassan asked Spainfor the returnof Ceuta
and Melilla on the Moroccancoast, saying inter-
national strategicinterests would force the return
of the two towns after Spain regainedsovereignty
over Gibraltar,since the USSR would not tolerate
a NATO membercontrollingthree "keys" to the
Mediterranean.[2/12 LM]
Feb. 11: The Moroccan press agency attacked
Algeria for refusingvisas to Algerianswantingto
visit relatives in Morocco, linking the move to
Algeriansupportfor the Polisario.[2/12FBIS]
Feb. 13: Le Monde reported that 20 Moroccans,
mostly students, were arrested between Jan. 10
and 23 duringa "preventive"operationby police
to avert protests in the universitiescommemorat-
ing the Day of the Detained Student, on Jan. 24.
[2/13 LM]
Feb. 17: Abdellatif Filali was named minister of
foreign affairs, replacingAbdelwahadBelkiz, and
Prime MinisterMohamedKarimLamraniwas in-
structedto form a new government.[2/19FBIS]
Feb. 28: 'Abd al-WahhabMahmuidpresented his
credentialsto Hassan II as Yemen's new ambas-
sador to Morocco. [3/1 FBIS]
March 3: Wa'il al-Masripresentedhis credentials
to King Hassan as Jordan's new ambassadorto
Morocco. [3/4 FBIS]
March 13: In an interview, Hassan said it was
possible that in the future Morocco and Libya
wouldagreeto some militarycooperationas partof
their "union." [LM 3/6]
March31: The MoroccanAssociation for the De-
fense of HumanRights reportedthe mistreatment
of 900 people, including 200 children, being de-
tained in a former psychiatric hospital in
Casablanca.[4/4 LM]
April 10:Moroccandiplomatsin Franceresponded
to Le Monde's report of mistreatment in
Casablancaby sayingthe hospitalwas not a deten-
tion center but a "center of social rehabilitation"
for vagrants,drug addicts, and people abandoned
by their families. [4/10LM]
April 11: Membersof the new MoroccanCabinet
were announced:
MohamedKarimLamrani:Prime Minister
Al-Haii MohamedBahnini:Ministerof State With-
out Portfolio
388
MoulayAhmed Alaoui:Ministerof State Without
Portfolio
MoulayMustafaBelarbiAlaoui:Justice
Driss Basri:Interior
AbdellatifFilali: Foreign Cooperationand Infor-
mation
Azzedine Laraki:National Education
Taieb Bencheikh:Public Health
MohamedFettah:Energyand Mines
MohamedBouamoud:Transport
Izzedine Guessous:Relations with the EEC
MohamedBenaissa:CulturalAffairs
Moussa Saadi: Tourism
Bensalem Smili: Ocean Fisheries and Merchant
Marine
Abbes al-Kaissi:SecretaryGeneralof Government
MohamedKabbaj:Equipmentand VocationalEd-
ucation
OthmanDemnati:Agriculture
MohandLaensar:Posts and Telecommunications
AbdellatifSemlali: Youthand Sports
Moulay Zine Zahidi: Minister attached to the
Prime Ministerin charge of EconomicAffairs
AbdelkabirAlaoui M'Daghoi: Religious Endow-
ments and Islamic Affairs
KhaliHannaOuldRachid:Ministerattachedto the
Prime Minister in charge of Development of the
Sahara Provinces
RachidiGhazouani:Ministerattachedto the Prime
Ministerin charge of Planning
MohamedLabiedh:Handicraftsand Social Affairs
TaharMasmoudi:Tradeand Industry
AbderrahmaneBouftas:Housing
HassanAbadi:Employment
TaharAfifi:Ministerattached to the Prime Minis-
ter in charge of Relations with Parliament
AbderrahimBen Abdeljelil:Minister attached to
the Prime Minister in charge of Administrative
Affairs. [4/12FBIS]
April 14: UAE PresidentShaykhZayid ibn Sultan
Al-Nuhayyanleft Morocco after an official visit.
[4/15FBIS]
Oman
(See also, RegionalAffairs)
1985
Feb. 21: UAE PresidentShaykhZayid ibn Sultan
al-Nuhayyanpaid a one-day visit to Muscat. [2/22
FBIS]
Feb. 28: Kuwait and Oman began joint air force
maneuversnear the Straitof Hormuz. [3/7 FBIS]
March 24: The New York Times reported that
Omanhad emergedas the most reliableally of the
US in the Gulfsince the IranianRevolution,largely
because of the influence of about 20 American,
British and pro-WesternArab advisers to Sultan
Qabfisbin Sa'id. [3/25 NYT]
March26: Omanannouncedit would hold military
maneuversat the beginningof April. [3/27FBIS]
April2: SultanQabfisinitiatedOman'slargestever
militarymaneuversbut said they had nothingto do
with the Iran-Iraqwar. [4/3 WPI
Pakistan
(See also, Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia)
1985
Jan. 17: Pakistanradio denied reportsfrom India
that there had been casualties in serious clashes
between Pakistaniand Indianforces in the Siachen
region of Kashmir.[1/18FBIS]
Jan. 18:PresidentZiaul-Haq,exercisingthe power
newly grantedhim by MartialLaw Orderno. 104,
waived the disqualificationof 74 persons seeking
nominationor election to publicoffice. [1/19FBIS]
Indianradioreportedthat leadersof the opposi-
tion Movementfor the Restorationof Democracy
(MRD) held a meeting in Abbotabadto discuss
Zia's announcementthat oppositionleaders could
run for office on a nonparty basis. The MRD
leaders had been released from prison scarcely 48
hours before their filing deadline, and the discus-
sion revolved around whether or not to continue
boycottingthe partylesselection. [1/23FBIS]
Jan. 20: Pakistan's opposition parties decided to
boycott next month's general election unless the
suspended 1973 Constitutionwas restored. [1/22
FBIS]
Zia banned meetings of opposition parties fol-
lowing the MRD decision to boycott the elections.
[1/22 FBIS]
Jan. 21: Malik MohamedQasim, a leader of the
MRD, said the group would hold a meeting in
Lahoreon Jan. 22 in defianceof the banon political
meetings. [1/22 FBIS]
Jan. 22: Three leadingmembersof the MRDwere
arrested:NawabzadaNasrullahKhan, head of the
Pakistan Democratic Party; Malik Qasim, con-
vener of the MRD; and a senior member of the
People's Party. [1/22 FBIS]
Jan. 24: Pakistan protested to Afghanistanover
continuingairspaceviolationsand bombingsin the
Aranduregion. [1/24 FBIS]
Indianradioreportedthat Pakistanwas continu-
ing its crackdownon opposition leaders urginga
boycott of the Feb. 25 parliamentaryelections.
Police reportedlyraided a meeting in Lahore on
Jan. 23 andarrestedtwo prominentmembersof the
MRD. [FBIS 1/25]
Feb. 8: Delhi radio said nearly 200 "opposition
leadersand politicalworkers"hadbeen arrestedin
Pakistan.[2/8 FBIS]
Feb. 14: In Lahore, Afghan youths disrupted a
speech by the Soviet ambassador to Pakistan,
burningthe Soviet flagand raisingsigns protesting
Soviet policy in Afghanistan.The protesterswere
arrested.[2/15 FBIS]
Feb. 16: Four of 16 studentsundertakinga hunger
strike in a Sind provincejail to protest the use of
torture were reported in critical condition. [2/17
AN]
The PakistangovernmentarrestedAhmadReza
Qasuri,a candidatefor the nationalassembly seat
for Islamabad,for criticizing its decision not to
issue voters identitycards. [2/17AN]
The governmentannouncedit would permitthe
use of hand-heldmegaphonesin the campaign,but
thatloudspeakerswouldremainillegal. [2/19FBIS]
Feb. 17: Pakistan and Iraq signed a protocol in
Islamabadpromotingtrade, economic and techni-
cal relations.[2/22MEED]
Feb. 21: Pakistanigovernmentspokesmensaid that
369 persons had been detained throughout the
countryin the past four days, to keep them from
advocatinga boycott of the elections. Opposition
sources said 1500had been arrestedin Sind Prov-
ince alone. [2/22WP]
Zia appointedAir MarshalJamalAhmad Khan
as air force chief effective March6. [2/22 FBIS]
Feb. 22: Twenty-five people attending an illegal
rally held by Tehrik-e-Istiqlalleader AsgharKhan
were arrested.[AN 2/23]
Feb. 23: IqbalJaffery,a Pakistanijournalistwork-
ing for several internationalnews organizations,
was arrestedin Karachi.[2/24WP]
In Karachi,five people convictedof distributing
literatureadvocatingan election boycott were sen-
tenced to terms of imprisonmentof from six
months to a year, and to fines of from 7,000 to
15,000rupees. [2/25FBIS]
Feb. 24: The New YorkTimes reported that the
governmentof Pakistanoperatedinside the US for
nine months trying illegally to obtain timing de-
vices whose main function is to trigger nuclear
bombs. [2/25NYT]
Zia said that martiallaw would be lifted gradu-
ally after the elections, but not until he was con-
vinced of politicalstability. [2/25WP]
IqbalJafferywas releasedafter being held over-
nightfor questioning.[2/25 FBIS]
Feb. 25: Pakistan assured the State Department
that its nuclear programis "peaceful in intent"
accordingto a Departmentspokesman.[2/26NYT]
The BBC reported that the Pakistan elections
took place in relativepeace, althoughreportsfrom
Indianindicatedthat at least seven persons died in
election-dayviolence. [2/26FBIS]
In Peshawar, at least 12 people were arrested
afteroppositionpartiesstageda rallyprotestingthe
elections. [2/25FBIS]
Feb. 26: Seven of Zia's Cabinetaides were ousted
from office by Pakistan'svoters, and 30 out of 70
membersof the existingnationallegislature,whose
389
members had been picked by Zia, also lost their
seats. However, the governmentexpressed satis-
faction with the results, claimingan unexpectedly
high 52 per cent voter turnout.[2/27NYT]
Feb. 27: The Election Commissionorderedrepoll-
ing at two stationswherevotinghadbeen disrupted
duringprovincialelections. [2/28 FBIS]
Feb. 28: Voting began for provincialassemblies.
There were an estimated 3570 candidatesfor 460
seats. [2/28FBIS]
Six persons were sentenced on charges of dis-
rupting the polling at Mirpur Batoro Taluk in
Pakistan.[2/28 FBIS]
Delhi radio reportedthat 10 people were killed
and more than 100arrestedin disturbancesassoci-
ated with the provincialassembly elections. [3/1
FBIS]
Followinga numberof resignationson Feb. 26,
Zia assigned additionalportfoliosto several Cabi-
net members:
MuhammadAfzal:Religiousand MinoritiesAffairs
GhulamIshaq Khan: Waterand Power
Muhammad Fazil Janjua: Labor, Manpower,
Housing and Works;OverseasPakistanisAffairs
JamalSaid Mian:Local Government,RuralDevel-
opment, Cultureand Tourism
MahbubalHaq: Health, Higher Education,Social
Welfareand Industries
Said Qadir: Railways and Communications[3/1
FBIS]
Karachiradio reportedthat a candidatefor the
provincialassemblieshad been attackedand killed
the night before the elections. [3/1 FBIS]
March1: Zia dissolvedthe FederalAdvisoryCoun-
cil. [3/1 FBIS]
March 2: Zia announcedplannedamendmentsto
the Constitution that would give him sweeping
powers, even if martiallaw were relaxed,changing
the political system from a parliamentaryto a
largely presidentialone. [3/3 NYT]
March6: Pakistan'sreligiousparty,JamiatIslami,
criticized Zia's unilateral constitutional amend-
ments, which protected his martial law powers
from challenge, saying no one should be above
accountability.[3/7 FBIS]
March 10: Zia used martiallaw powers to revive
parts of the 1973 Constitution, but still barred
freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and
freedomof movement. [3/11WP]
Pakistan lodged a "strong protest" with Af-
ghanistanover an attack by four planes that vio-
lated Pakistaniairspacein the DomandiPost area
on March7 and firedeight rockets. [3/11FBIS]
March 11: Five of 18 persons accused of subver-
sive activities were sentencedto life in prisonby a
militarycourt in Rawalpindi.[3/20FBIS]
March 12: Zia left Pakistanfor Moscow to attend
the funeralof KonstantinChernenko.[3/12FBIS]
March14: The US announcedit would supplynew
Sidewinder air-to-airmissiles to Pakistan, to be
fitted on the F-16s alreadydelivered. [3/15WP]
390
March18:Ziapromulgatednew amendmentsto the
Constitution, one of which specified that "the
president'sordersmade since the 5th of July 1977
shall not be altered, repealedor amendedwithout
the previous sanction of the president." [3/19
FBIS]
March20: Zia reaffirmedthat Pakistanwould not
recognizeor hold directnegotiationswith Afghani-
stan as long as Soviet forces remainthere. [3/25
FBIS]
Ziawas swornin as elected presidentof Pakistan
and administeredthe oath of office to Muhammad
KhanJunejo,Pakistan'snew primeminister.[3/25
FBIS]
March 24: Zia dissolved the Cabinet, requesting
that Muhammad Afzal, Mahbubal Haq and
SahabzadaYaqubKhanremainat their posts until
the formationof the new Cabinet.[3/26 FBIS]
March25: Junejo,Pakistan'sfirstprimeministerin
eight years, received a unanimousvote of confi-
dence from the newly-electedNationalAssembly,
and calledfor a quickend to martiallaw. [3/25WP]
March 27: Pakistan's governmentreleased more
than40 politicalprisonersin Punjaband Northwest
Frontier provinces, bringing the total released
since March23 to more than 70. [3/29WP]
March28: Eightleadersof the MRDwere released
fromjail. [4/2 FBIS]
March 29: The government closed the Qaid-e
Azam University in Islamabadfor an indefinite
periodfollowinga nine-daystrikeby teachers and
a studentboycott of classes to protestthe banning
of their unions. [4/2 FBIS]
April 6: India and Pakistansaid they would hold
talksin New Delhiin the next week to try to end 38
years of tense relations. Initiative for the talks
reportedlycame when Zia and IndianPrime Min-
ister RajivGhandimet in Moscow at the funeralof
Chernenko.[4/7 NYT]
Aftab Sherpao, chief of the defunct Pakistan
People's Party, said he opposed dialoguewith the
governmentunless it frees all political detainees,
lifts martiallaw, restores basic rights, and imple-
ments the points suggested by the MRD. [4/11
FBIS]
April 10: Junejo announced the new 13-member
civilian cabinet, and it was sworn in. Four mem-
bersof the previousregimewere retained.The new
Cabinetmemberswere:
GhulamMuhammadAhmadKhan Manika:Local
Government
Hamid Nasir Chadha: Information and Broadcast-
ing
Salim Saifullah:Trade
Haji Hanif Tayyab: Labour and Manpower
KhaqanAbbasi:Production
Yusuf Reza Gilani: Housing and Works
Syed ZafarAli Shah:Industries
Mahbubal Haq: Finance and Planning
Sahabzada Yaqub Khan: Foreign Affairs
PrinceMohyuddinBaluch:Communications
ZafarullahKhan Jamali:Waterand Power
Abdul GhafoorKhan:Railways South Yemen
Iqbal Ahmad Khan: Justice and Parliamentary (See also, Regional Affairs, Algeria, Libya,
Affairs [4/10 FBIS] Syria, Yemen)

1985
Feb. 14: 'All Nasir Muhammad,chairmanof the
SupremePeoples' Council Presidium,resignedas
Qatar prime minister to concentrate on his duties as
leaderof the Yemen Socialist Party and the state,
(See also, RegionalAffairs,Turkey)
accordingto Yemen radio. The SupremeCouncil
elected HaydarAbuiBakral-'Attasto replacehim.
1985 The new PDRY Cabinetwas announced:
Feb. 22: MEED reported that the electricity and 'Ali 'Abd al-RazzaqBa Dhib: Deputy Prime Min-
water departmentshad been merged under the ister
directorship of Muhammadal-'All. The former Yasin Sa'id Nu'man:Deputy Prime Ministerand
water director, Ahmad Jattal, was appointed a Ministerof Fisheries
consultantto the new Electricityand WaterMin- $alih MuslihQasim:Defense
istry [2/22 MEED] 'Abd al-'Aziz al-Dali:ForeignAffairs
Na$rNasir 'All: Labourand Civil Service
'Ali Salim al-Dhlb:Local Government
MahmuidSa'id Madhi:Finance
RashldMuhammadThabit:Cultureand Tourism
Saudi Arabia Hasan Ahmadal-Sallami:Education
(See also, Arab-Israeli Conflict, Regional 'AbdallahMuhammad'Aziz: Industry
Affairs,Afghanistan,Algeria,Iraq, Jordan) 'AbdallahAhmadBukayr:Health
Mahdi 'AbdallahSa'id: Chairmanof the Higher
Committeefor Party Peoples' Control
1985 MuhammadSa'id 'Abdallah:Housing
Jan. 29: US officialssaid that a decision had been Muhammad'Abd al-Qawi:Information
made to defer, in the face of congressionalopposi- Mahmid 'Abdallah'Ushaysh:Ministerof Statefor
tion, plansto sell SaudiArabia40 moreF-15jets to UnionAffairs[2/15FBIS]
augmentits currentforce of 62. [1/30NYT] March12: 'Ali Na$irMuhammadleft for Moscow
Feb. 11: King Fahd met with PresidentReaganin to attend the funeral of Konstantin Chernenko.
Washington.[1/11 NYT] [3/13FBIS]
Feb. 22: MEED reportedthat the US had notified
Congress of its intention to sell $250 million of
electronic aircraft detection systems to Saudi
Arabia. [2/22 MEED]
Feb. 28: The WashingtonPost reportedthatBoeing
Co. won $1.1 billionin contractswith SaudiArabia
for installationof a groundnetworkfor five warn- Sudan
ing and control system aircrafts.[2/28WP] (See also, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan)
March 11: Saudi Arabia suspended work on two
large oil refineriesat Qassimand Shuqaya,halting 1985
the recent expansion of the country's refiningca- Jan. 18: MahmuidMuhammadTaha, head of the
pacity. [3/22 MEED] outlawed RepublicanBrothers organization,was
March 16: Turkish Prime Minister Turgut Ozal executed at Kober Prisonin Khartoumfor heresy
arrived in Saudi Arabia for a 3-day official visit. and opposing the application of Islamic law in
[3/18FBIS] Sudan. [1/18FBIS]
March 17: A hijackerfrom Yemen armed with a The WashingtonPost reported an upsurge in
hand grenadewas shot dead in Dhahranairportin fightingbetweenthe SudaneseArmyand Sudanese
a strugglewith securityguards. [3/18FBIS] Peoples LiberationArmy (SPLA) rebels in south-
April 9: Sudanese General Command member ern Sudan, with the governmentadmittingfor the
YuisufHasanal-Haijmet in Riyadhwith KingFahd first time that aircrafthad been used against its
duringan officialtwo-day visit. [4/10FBIS] forces. The Sudan news agency said 11 soldiers
April 10: PresidentZia ul-Haqof Pakistanarrived were killedand 25 woundedin the town of Lofon,
in Riyadhon an officialvisit. [4/11FBIS] about 70 miles southeastof Juba. [1/19 WP]
April14: BritishPrimeMinisterMargaretThatcher SPLA radio said its forces had killed 800 Suda-
paid a brief officialvisit to Riyadh,where she met nese governmentforces on Jan. 16 nearWinjiPool
with Fahd. [4/15 FBIS] in southernSudan. [1/22FBIS]

39'
Jan. 19: Four men sentencedto deathfor opposing
institutionof Islamic law in Sudan were released
after they "repented"and renouncedtheir leader,
MahmudMuhammadTaha, who had been hanged
publiclythe day before. [1/21 CSM]
Jan. 20: SudanesePresidentJa'faral-Numayrisaid
all Ethiopian refugees in Sudan, includingJews,
were free to leave providedthey did not go directly
to Israel. [1/21 NYT]
The New YorkTimesreportedthat, accordingto
UN estimates, there were more than a million
refugees in Sudan, most from Ethiopia, and that
300-400,000 more were expected in the next few
months. [1/21 NYT]
Jan. 28: In Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, the SPLA
released four employees of the French Inter-
nationalConstructionCo. kidnappedin Feb. 1984,
after the company paid a ransomestimatedat $1
million. [1/29 NYT]
Jan. 31: SPLA radio announcedits forces raided
Bor, the capital of Jonglei Province, killing or
wounding45 governmentsoldiers. [1/31FBIS]
The Sudanese government claimed its troops
destroyeda rebel base nearthe Ugandanborderon
Jan. 19. [2/1 NYT]
Feb. 4: Sudaneserebelsfreedtwo Swissjournalists
capturedin Sudanin Feb. 1984. [2/5 NYT]
Feb. 6: NumayriappointedFaysal Yusuf Mahyub
as ministerof state at the Ministryof Financeand
Economic Planning.[2/7 FBIS]
Feb. 8: Dr. Hasan al-Turabi,leader of the banned
MuslimBrotherhoodParty,resignedas assistantto
Numayri. [2/28 FBIS]
Feb. 17:The WashingtonPost reportedthatthe US
decided late in 1984 to suspend $194 million in
economic assistance to Sudan because of steady
economic and politicaldeterioration.[2/17WP]
The University of Khartoum was closed in-
definitelyafter violent clashes between supporters
of Numayriand various oppositionfactions. [2/19
WP]
Feb. 18: Egypt decidedto pull out of an airdefense
brigadeit sent to Khartoumin March1984,accord-
ing to a reportin the WashingtonPost, which also
said Egypt was "reassessing" its ties to the trou-
bled Sudaneseregime. [2/18 WP]
In Cairo,PresidentHusniMubarakurgedthe US
to revive aid to the Sudan.Libyaofferedto replace
the aid. [2/19 NYT]
Feb. 19: The State Departmentsaid aid to the
Numayri regime was only "delayed" and that
"encouragingsigns" could lead to its resumption.
[2/20 WP]
In Khartoum,thousandsof copies of 200 books
written by Taha and his followers were burned
under the supervisionof the criminalcourt. [2/20
FBIS]
Feb. 23: SPLA commander-in-chiefJohn Garang
de Mabior said that the chief of Akobo and his
militiahad defected to the rebels. [2/26FBIS]
392
Feb. 25: Four membersof the bannedBa'th Party
were condemnedto sentences of from two to five
years and to 80 blows with a whip, for producing
antigovernmenttracts. [2/26LM]
March 3: The Washington Post reported that
Sudanand Libyahadheld secret high-leveltalks in
Paris aimed at ending the ten-year feud between
the Qadhdhafiand Numayriregimes. [3/3 WP]
March 4: Vice PresidentGeorge Bush arrivedin
Sudan at the beginning of a weeklong trip to
drought-afflictedareas of Africa, and met with
Numayriin Khartoum.[3/5 NYT]
Numayri declared a unilateralceasefire in the
war with secessionist guerrillasand said his gov-
ernmentwas committedto a peaceful settlement.
[3/4 WP]
March5: The SPLA denouncedNumayri'scall for
a ceasefireand negotiationsas "deceptions." [3/6
FBIS]
March7: At the end of a four-dayvisit to Sudan,
Bush announced that the US had released $15
millionof suspendedaid. [3/8 CSM]
March 10: Numayriaccused the MuslimBrother-
hood of plottingagainst his government.He dis-
missed three governmentofficials,five legal advis-
ers and threejudges affiliatedwith the group, and
securityforces arrested20 of its members,includ-
ing several of Numayri's close advisers. [3/11
FBIS]
March11: Securitypolice arrestedmore than 100
MuslimBrotherhoodmembersin Sudan,including
HasanTurabi,chief architectof the introductionof
Islamiclaw in 1983. [3/12 NYT]
March 13: Numayriannouncedthe establishment
of a HigherNationalCommitteefor Peace and said
he would call for a general regional congress to
work for nationalunity. [3/14 FBIS]
The SPLA said its forces captured Mongalla
Garrison in the Equatoria Administrationarea.
[3/15FBIS]
March 16: Numayri appointed Gen. 'Abd
al-RahmanSiwar al-Dhahabas defense minister
and commander-in-chiefof the armed forces,
Hasan Bashiras ministerof the newly established
Ministryof Aviation and Tourism, 'Awad al-Jid
MuhammadAh.madas Attorney General, 'Abd
al-QadirAbfi Qurin as ministerof legal affairsat
the presidency, and Muhammad'Uthman Abfi
Saninahas ministerof state for tourismand hotels.
[3/18FBIS]
Numayridecreed that the wages of government
employeeswould be doubledby 1986.[3/19 FBIS]
March19:Numayrirelieved'Umaral-'UbaydBilal
of his post as economic adviser. [3/19 FBIS]
The Sudan news agency said "outlaws" had
recently attacked a church near al-Nasir in the
Upper Nile Region, killing several people. [3/19
FBIS]
March22: Garangcalled on the SudaneseArmy to
"talk directly" with the SPLA in order to bring
about peace. [3/26 FBIS]
March 23: Numayri accused the MuslimBrother-
hood of being "immersedin internationalterror-
ism." [3/26 FBIS]
March24: Sudandenied any involvementin a US
airliftof EthiopianJews to Israel. [3/25FBIS]
March 27: Numayri left for Washingtonon an
officialvisit. [3/27 FBIS]
Three persons were killed and others wounded
by police in Khartoum after demonstratorsde-
stroyed cars and attacked buildings in a protest
againstthe endingof governmentsubsidies,includ-
ing those on basic necessities, announcedthat day.
The Sudanesenews agencyblamedthe violence on
the Muslim Brotherhoodand said Ombdurman's
Islamic Universitywould remainclosed untilJuly.
[3/28 FBIS]
The newly-formedHigher National Committee
for Peace called on Sudanese rebels to join a
dialogue,but SPLA radioreiteratedthat the SPLA
was not interestedin talkingto Numayri'sregime.
It also claimed that opposition parties had begun
"secret talks" with the rebels. [3/28FBIS]
March28: Violence over price increasescontinued
in Khartoumand the army was called in to assist
police. Over 1500people were reportedlyarrested,
and 300 were sentenced to prison and floggings.
[3/29NYT]
Libyan leader Mu'ammar al-Qadhdhefi wel-
comed the violence in Sudanandpledgedcomplete
support for the Sudanese "popularrevolution."
[3/29 FBIS]
March29: Governmentsoldiers loaded thousands
of people onto trucks and drove them out of
Khartoum,and more than 2000 people, including
many unemployed, were arrested in an effort to
stop the disturbances.[3/30NYT]
March30: Doctors in Khartoumstaged a one-day
strikeagainstthe Numayriregimeand urgedother
professionalsto join them. [3/31 NYT]
In Washington, Numayri blamed the distur-
bances on the MuslimBrotherhood.[4/1 FBIS]
March31: Thirteenstudents and four other "left-
ists" were arrestedat KhartoumUniversitywhile
holding "anti-governmentmeetings." [4/1 FBIS]
April 1: The Sudanese doctors' union, whose
leader had been arrested, called for a national
strike on April 3 to advocate the overthrowof the
"despotic" Numayriregime. The governmentar-
rested a numberof other trade union leaders and
prominentdoctors and lawyersin an effortto stem
the protests. [4/2 FBIS]
After a White House meeting between Reagan
and Numayri, the US announcedit would release
$67 millionin economic aid as a result of austerity
measures taken recently by the Sudanesegovern-
ment. [4/2 NYT]
April 2: Several thousand Sudanese attended a
rally in Khartoumin support of Numayri spon-
sored by the official Sudanese Socialist Union.
Some reported they had been forced to attend.
Sudanese authorities announced they would use
force to breakup an antigovernmentstrike sched-
uled by professionalassociations for April 3. [4/3
WP]
Numayri told the Washington Post that
Qadhdhafihad offered Sudan $5 billion to enter
into a unity agreementsimilarto the one Morocco
and Libya agreedon in Sept. 1984. [4/3 WP]
April3: Securityforces used tear gas to disperse a
march led by professionals in Khartoum. Tele-
phone and telex links with Khartoumwere out
shortlybeforenoon, accordingto sources in Cairo.
[4/3 FBIS]
April 4: Khartoumairport was closed to inter-
nationaltrafficfor an indefiniteperiod. Mubarak
announced he would not intervene to support
Numayribut said if Sudan were exposed to "ex-
ternaldanger"Egypt would act immediately.[4/4
FBIS]
A nonviolent general strike shut down busi-
nesses, transportationand basic services in Sudan
and leaders vowed to persist until Numayri was
drivenfrom office. [4/5 NYT]
April 5: Numayricut short his trip to the US and
headedfor Egypton his way to Sudan.The general
strike continueddespite governmentorders for a
partialrollbackin food and staple price increases.
[4/6 WP]
Sudaneserebels said they had establishedsecret
contacts with officersin the Sudanese Army. [4/6
WP]
April6: Numayriwas ousted in a militarycoup led
by Defense MinisterSiwar al-Dhahab.In a com-
munique, Siwar al-Dhahabsaid the military had
seized power "for an interimperiod" because of
the "worsening situation in the country and the
political crisis, which worsens daily." Numayri
was in Cairo when the coup was announced.Re-
portedlytens of thousandsof people poured into
the streets of Khartoumto celebratethe coup. [4/7
NYT]
The ReaganAdministrationsaid there would be
no changein US policy towardSudan. [4/7 WP]
Sudanesetrade unions called for an end to the
generalstrikein the wake of the coup. [4/8 FBIS]
Southern rebels hailed the ouster of Numayri
and called for the rapidtransferof power to civil-
ians. [4/8 FBIS]
Qadhdh&fiimmediately announced diplomatic
recognitionof Sudan's military government, be-
comingthe firstworld leader to do so. [4/7 WP]
April 7: Siwar al-Dhahabappealed to Sudanese
workers to returnto work, and the official news
agency announcedthat the governmenthad begun
dismantling Numayri's state security apparatus
and had released political prisoners. In separate
meetings with senior American, Egyptian and
Saudi Arabianofficials, Siwar al-Dhahabsaid he
would keep Sudan on a pro-Westerncourse. The
US said aid to Sudan would continue, and Egypt
vowed supportfor the new regime. [4/8 NYT]
393
 In Cairo, Sudanese expatriatesdemonstratedin
supportof the coup. [4/8 FBIS]
Libya denied any direct involvement in the
Sudancoup. [4/8 FBIS]
April 8: Telephone and telex links between Egypt
and Sudan were restored after a five-day break.
[4/8 FBIS]
Numayri sent a message to Siwar al-Dhahab,
carriedby the Egyptianpress agency, in which he
said he understood the circumstancesleading to
the takeover and wished the new regime success.
[4/9 FBIS]
Siwaral-Dhahabmet with representativesof the
trade unions to discuss their demand for an im-
mediaterestorationof civilian rule, and thousands
of demonstratorsin Khartoumgatheredto make
the same demandfor democracyand civilianrule.
[4/9 NYT]
April 9: Siwar al-Dhahabrelieved Chief Justice
Fu'ad al-Amin 'Abd al-Rahmanof his post. [4/9
FBIS]
Garangannounceda weeklongtrucein the guer-
rilla war but said the violence would resumeif the
military did not reurn power to civilian hands
within seven days. [2/10NYT]
The Sudanese press agency said that a
15-membermilitarycouncil, includingtwo south-
ern Christians, had been appointed for a transi-
tional period. [2/10 NYT]
April 10: Siwar al-Dhahabsaid there would be no
immediate transitionto civilian rule, but that he
was negotiatingwith oppositiongroups to form a
coalition cabinet. He also said he had sent an
envoy to begin negotiatingwith guerrillasin the
south. [4/11 NYT]
Qadhdhafi declared "Sudan is ours," and
warned the US not to interfere there. The US
announced it would give $40 million to Sudan's
new governmentto help financeits short-termoil
importneeds. [4/11 WP]
April 11: After consultations,Sudan'sprofessional
unions agreed to give the country's new military
leaders a year to restore civilian government.
Garangreportedlyrejectedthe new leaders' peace
offer and demanded their immediateresignation.
[4/12 NYT]
April 12: Internaland internationalflightsresumed
from Sudan'sairports,and the Sudannews agency
announcedthat 36 formerofficialsof the Numayri
regime had been arrested, while others were still
wanted. It also said that thousands of political
prisoners had been released around the country.
[4/13WP]
April 13: Egypt's news agency reportedthat the
new Sudanesegovernmenthad arresteda number
of officersfromthe dissolved state securityservice.
[4/14 FBIS]
Siwar al-Dhahabsaid he would pursue an eco-
nomic austerity plan and that the Islamic law
imposed by Numayri in October 1983 would be
394
"amended" to eliminate "incorrect and exces-
sive" punishments.[4/14 NYT]
April14: Union and politicalleaderswho had been
asked to submit a list of names for a caretaker
Cabinetasked the rulingcouncil for more time.
Al-Turabiaddressed a large rally in Khartoum
and called for the formationof an "Islamicfront"
and a continuationof Shari'alaw in Sudan. [4/15
FBIS]
April 15: Sudan's ambassadorsto the US, Egypt
and the UK were relieved of their posts. [4/15
FBIS]
Syria
(See also, Arab-Israeli Conflict, Regional
Affairs,Lebanon)
1985
Jan. 21: The 8th Regional Congress of the Arab
Socialist Ba'th Party concluded its meeting. The
following people were elected to the Regional
Command: Hafiz al-Asad, 'Abdallah al-Ahnmar,
Zuhayr Mashariqa, 'Abd al-Halim Khaddam,
Rif'at al-Asad, Mahmuidal-Zu'bi, 'Abd al-Ra'fif
al-Kasm,MustafaTalas, 'Izz al-DinNadir,Tawfiq
$aliha, Sa'id Hammadi,SulaymanQaddah,Walid
Hamdfin,WahibTannuis,'Abdal-QadirQadduirah,
Hikmat al-Shihabi, Ahmad Qabalan, 'Abd
al-Razzaq Ayyuib, Ahmad Dirgham, Fayiz
al-Nasir, RashidIkhtirini.[1/22FBIS]
Jan. 26: PresidentHafiz al-Asaddeclaredamnesty
for some membersof the bannedMuslimBrother-
hood organizationimprisonedin Syria, and invited
those in exile to return.[1/27NYT]
Feb. 11: Asad was re-elected for another seven-
year term on March 10, by a marginof 99.97 per
cent, accordingto the Syrian news agency. [2/11
FBIS]
Feb. 23: Syria accused Jordanof responsibilityfor
an incident in which five armed men reportedly
"infiltrated"Syria's Dara' Province from Jorda-
nian territoryand killed two civilians. Jordande-
nied involvementin the incident. [2/25 FBIS]
Feb. 27: Asad met with South Yemen Presidium
Chairman'All Nasir Muhammadin Damascus.
[2/28FBIS]
Two SyriansexpelledfromWest Berlinhijacked
to Vienna a Frankfurt-to-Damascusflight in an
attemptto gain politicalasylum. They surrendered
withoutachievingtheir demands.[2/28 FBIS]
Syrian Prime Minister 'Abd al-Ra'uifal-Kasm
was officially authorizedto form a new govern-
ment. [3/28FBIS]
April8: Syria's new Cabinetwas announced:
'Abd al-Ra'ufal-Kasm:Prime Minister
Mustafa Talas: Deputy Prime Minister and De-
fense Minister
MahmuidQadduir:DeputyPrimeMinisterfor Serv- and economics, suspendedfor fourdays by profes-
ices Affairs sors to protest violence against some of their
Salim Yasin:DeputyPrime Ministerfor Economic numberby students, resumed. [1/18 LM]
Affairs Jan. 19: The departmentsof law, political science
Najib al-SayyidAhmad:Education and economics at the University of Tunis closed
MuhammadGhabbash:Interior once more following a student boycott of partial
Kamal Sharaf:Higher Education examinationsalreadya monthoverdue. [1/22 LM]
Yfisuf al-Ahmad:Transportation Feb. 25: The GeneralUnion of TunisianWorkers
Yasin RaijuTh:Information announcedit had registereda complaintwith the
MuhammadHarbah:Local Administration InternationalLabor Office in Geneva over the
Riyad al-HajiKhalil:Supply Tunisian government's infractions of labor laws
Muhammad al-'Imadi: Economics and Foreign and nonrespectof internationalconventions. [2/27
Trade LM]
Najah al-'Attar:Culture Feb. 26: Twenty-fiveTunisianuniversitystudents
Farnqal-Shar':Foreign Affairs begana hungerstriketo obtainthe reestablishment
Nawras al-Daqr:Tourism of Juneexams, suspendedafterstudentstrikesand
Ghasuibal-Rifa'i:Health boycotts in January.[3/1 LM]
MuhammadMuhammadal-Khatib:IslamicAffairs March 9: President Habib Bourguibaconfirmed
and Endowments that PrimeMinisterMohamedMzali would prob-
'Abd al-RahmanMadani:Irrigation ably succeed him as Tunisianhead of state. [3/12
Antoine Jubran: Minister of State for Peoples' LM]
AssemblyAffairs More than 20 Tunisians went on trial charged
Wahib Falil: Minister of State for Presidential with belonging to the illegal Islamic Liberation
Affairs Party. [3/15MEED]
Kamil al-Baba:Electricity March 12: Students on a hunger strike at the
Ghazi al-Duruibi:Oil and MineralWealth Universityof Tunis ended it after two weeks after
Riyad Baghdadi:Construction officialstook measuresto improvethe chances of
'Isam al-Na'ib: Ministerof State for Foreign Af-studentstakingthe exams in September.[3/14LM]
fairs March 16: In Tunis, 36 members of the Islamic
'AdnanQuili:Housing and Utilities LiberationPartywere condemnedto termsof from
Mahmudal-Kurdi:Ministerof State for Agricul- three to ten months in prison for belongingto an
ture illegalassociation. [3/19LM]
Qahtanal-Suyuiti:Finance March 21: Six members of the Revolutionary
'All al-Turdbulsi:Industry Movementfor the Liberationof Tunisiawere con-
Sabah Bagiaji:Ministerof State for PlanningAf- demnedto prisontermsof fromfive to seven years
fairs for infiltratingTunisiafrom Libya in 1982in order
MahmudJum'ah:Ministerof State to commitacts of sabotage. [3/24LM]
'Abd al-Mun'im Hamawi: Minister of State for April 1: Representativesof the Tunisian govern-
CabinetAffairs ment and the GeneralUnion of TunisianWorkers
MuradQuwwatli:Commerce met to discuss cost-of-living salary increases
'Abd al-Hamidal-Munayyid:Ministerof State blocked for almost two years. No progress was
Sha'banShahin:Justice reported.[4/3 LM]
Ghazi Mustafa:State [4/9 FBIS] April4: The GeneralCouncilof the GeneralUnion
April 13: A US congressional delegation left of TunisianWorkerssaid it wouldabstainfromthe
Damascusafter a two-dayvisit, duringwhichthey municipalelections to be held May 12. [4/9 LM]
met with Vice PresidentKhaddamand other Syr-
ian officials. [4/15 FBIS]

Tunisia
(See also, Arab-Israeli Conflict, Regional
Affairs,Libya, Morocco)
1985
Jan. 18: The Tunisian government released 326
prisoners to mark Independence Day. [MEED
1/25]
Le Monde reportedthat after several weeks of
unrest, calm returnedto the University of Tunis.
Classes in the departmentsof law, politicalscience
Turkey
(See also, Regional Affairs, Algeria, Iran,
SaudiArabia)
1985
Jan. 18: A corruptionscandal involving Turkish
Ministerof State IsmailOzdaglar,accused of tak-
ing bribes from a Turkishshippingmagnate, was
threateningPrime MinisterTurgutOzal's govern-
ment as other top officials came under investiga-
tion, according to the Christian Science Monitor.
[1/18CSM]

395
Jan. 20: Iran'sPrimeMinisterMir HusaynMusavi
arrivedin Ankarafor a three-dayofficialvisit. [1/18
MEED]
Jan. 26: The Turkish government announced it
would introduce legislation enabling parties not
representedin Parliamentto appearon radio and
television, after criticism caused by the fact that
the nonparliamentary TruePathand SocialDemoc-
racy parties, both of which garneredmore support
in the March 1984election than the parliamentary
"opposition" parties, are prohibited from such
appearances.[1/26TDN]
Jan. 28: Forty-six people, including two former
customs officials,went on trialfor gold smuggling,
briberyand other irregularities.[2/1 MEED]
Feb. 1: FormerindustryministerVahapKocatopcu
replaced Ali Kocman as head of Tusiad, the
main Turkish industrialists' confederation. [2/1
MEED]
Feb. 13: In Ankara,the martiallaw tribunalacquit-
ted on appealthe leadersof the Muslimfundamen-
talist National SalvationPartyof chargesof trying
to set up an Islamicrepublicin Turkey,due to lack
of evidence. [2/14TDN]
Feb. 15: Yari Garraveshwas appointedto replace
JavadEjei as ministerof state for the State Welfare
Organization,which mergedwith the Health Min-
istry and becamethe Healthand WelfareMinistry.
[2/15 MEED]
Feb. 19: Twenty-twomembersof a Kurdishsepa-
ratistgroupwere sentencedto death, and25 others
to life in prison. [2/20NYT]
Feb. 21: Gaziantep Deputy Galip Dniz, who re-
signed from the NationalDemocraticParty(NDP)
on Feb. 20, withdrewhis resignation.[2/22TDN]
Feb. 22: MEED reportedthat 39 Kurds were ar-
rested in Ankaraand TuncaliProvinceon charges
of promotingseparatism.The Frenchpress agency
reported that more than 150 Kurdish separatists
had been arrested since early January. [2/22
MEED]
Feb. 25: Le Monde announced that martiallaw
would be lifted on March 19 in 11 additional
provinces, bringingto 44 (out of 67) the numberof
provinces free of martiallaw. [2/25LM]
Feb. 26: In Ankara, five members of the Maoist
TIKP Party were given conditionalfreedom after
four years in prison. [2/28 LM]
Feb. 27: Ozal announcedthat Turkey would wel-
come the Turkish ethnic minority in Bulgaria,
which reportedly had been subjected to official
discriminationin recent months. [2/28TDN]
March 10: Eight Kurdishguerrillasand two Turk-
ish soldierswere killedin a clash nearDiyarbakirin
eastern Turkey. [3/11 NYT]
Qatar's leader, Amir Shaykh Khalifah ibn
Hamadal-Thanibegan a three-dayofficialvisit to
Turkey. [3/11 FBIS]
March 12: Armenianterroristsseized the Turkish
embassy in Ottowa, Canada, killing a security
396
guard and holding 12 hostages more than four
hours before surrendering.[3/13NYT]
March21: Tens of thousandsof Turksmarchedin
Istanbul protesting measures taken by Bulgaria
againstits ethnic Turks, includingefforts to force
name changes and abandonmentof Islam. [3/22
WP]
March27: Ozal began an official visit to the IJS.
[3/28LM]
The Turkish cabinet adopted a law granting
reducedsentencesto "subversives"who repented
and providedinformationabout others. [3/31 LM]
The US Senate Foreign Relations Committee
voted to trimmilitaryaid to Turkey. [4/1 WP]
April 1: Armenianterroriststhreatenedto bomb
the Torontotransitsystem unless threeArmenians
jailedfor killinga guardandholdinghostagesat the
Turkish embassy in Ottowa on March 12 were
released. [4/2 NYT]
Ozal was reportedto be emphasizingthe expan-
sion of economic and trade relationsbetween the
US andTurkeyin his talkswith US officials,rather
thanpushingfor an increasein direct militaryaid.
[4/1 WP]
April2: Ozal met with PresidentReagan,who said
the US was committedto highlevels of militaryaid
for Turkey and that he would try to convince
Congressnot to reduce such aid. [4/3 NYT]
April4: A Turkishair forcejet crashedinto a cafe
in a westerntown, startinga fire that killed 14 and
injured21. [4/5 NYT]
April 8: Turkey asked the Islamic Conference
Organizationto protest the "inhumanpractices"
inflictedon the Turkishminorityin Bulgaria.[4/10
LM]
April 9: Former leader of the Nationalist Move-
ment Party AlparslanTurkes was released from
prisonafter nearlyfive years. [4/11TDN]
April 10: Le Monde reported that the Turkish
governmentrefusedto let leftist actor TarikAkan
attend culturalevents outside Turkey because he
had signeda May 1984"Intellectuals'Manifesto,"
and that other Turkishartists were encountering
similardifficulties.[4/10LM]
United Arab Emirates
(See also, Kuwait, Morocco, Oman,Turkey)
1985
Feb. 22: MEED reported that the US notified
Congressit would sell Hawk anti-aircraftmissiles
to the UAE. [2/22MEED]
March9: A bomb exploded in a storage compart-
ment of a Jordanianplane at Dubayy international
airport.[3/13FBIS]

Yemen
(See also, Libya, Morocco, Saudi Arabia)
1985
Jan. 18: Yemen President 'All 'Abdallah $alih
denied reports of disturbances among Yemeni
tribes living near the area in which oil had been
discovered. [1/23 FBIS]
Feb. 9: Le Monde reported that $Mih officially
announcedthat Yemen Hunt Oil Co. had discov-
ered oil in the regionof Ma'rib-Juif,
and that wells
were expectedto produce20 milliontons a year by
1989. [2/9 LM]
March 5: $alih met with South Yemen Presid-
ium Chairman 'All Nasir Muhammad, who
was in Yemen for a three-day official visit. [3/7
FBIS]
397