Reagent Purpose

Soda Lime Decarboxylation

(NaOH/CaO) (-CO2)

Reaction
 Reagent Purpose
Alc.KOH or Dehydrohalogenation
Alc.NaoH (-HX)
EtOK or EtONa Elimination

Reaction
Br H2C - CH = CH - CH2
I
KOH (alcoholic)
H2C - CH - CH2 - CH3

H2C = CH - CH2 - CH2

KOH (alcoholic) minor product
Reagent Purpose
NaOH/X2 or Haloform test or
NaOX hoffmann Bromamide
degradation

Reaction

+ HCX3
Reagent Purpose

Reaction
Reagent Purpose

Reaction
Reagent Purpose

Reaction
Reagent Purpose
Dil.NaOH Aldol Condensation

Reaction
Reagent Purpose
Pd.C/H2 or Cis Reduction (+H2)
Pd.BaSO4 in Of Alkynes
Quinoline

Reaction
Reagent Purpose
Zn Dust Dehalogenation (-X2)
(Elimination)

Reaction
Reagent Purpose
Zn Dust Removal of
Oxygen in phenols

Reaction

+ ZnO
Reagent Purpose
Zn-Hg/HCl Converting Aldehydes or
ketones to Alkanes
(Clemmensen)

Reaction
Reagent Purpose
Raney Ni, Syn addition of H2 to Alkenes
Pt, Pd/H2 or Alkynes or convert
unsaturated compounds into
saturated compounds

Reaction
Reagent Purpose
Ni-Al Reduction of
(Alloy) Haloarene to Benzene

Reaction
Reagent Purpose
AlCl3 Friedal Craft’s Alkylation
& Acetylation

Reaction

Alkyl & Acyl Benzene

Reagent Purpose
Con.NaOH Cannizzaro Reaction

Reaction
Reagent Purpose
LiNH2 or Dehydrohalogenation (-HX)
NaNH2 (Elimination)
Note: In Dihaloalkanes

Reaction
Reagent Purpose

Reaction
Reagent Purpose

Reaction
Reagent Purpose
Na/NH3 or Trans Reduction (+H2)
Li/NH3 of Alkynes

Reaction
Reagent Purpose
Aq.NaOH As a strong Base it reacts
with organic acids to give
salts

Reaction
Reagent Purpose
Aq.NaOH As a nucleophile R-X to
alcohols

Reaction
Reagent Purpose
Aq.NaOH Isomerism (Convert linear
Alkanes to branched
alkanes)

Reaction
 Reagent Purpose
Cr2O3.Al2O3/ Aromatisation
Mo2O3 (Convert linear alkanes to
benzene or alkyl benzene)

Reaction
Reagent Purpose
Con.H2SO4 Dehydration (-H2O)
(Elimination)

Reaction
Reagent Purpose
Con.H2SO4 Sulphonation (ESR)

Reaction
Reagent Purpose
Dil.H2SO4 Esterification

Reaction
Reagent Purpose
Dil.H2SO4 Hydrolysis (+H2O)
Addition or
Oxymercuration
De mercuration
Reaction
Reagent Purpose

Reaction
 Reagent Purpose
Grignard's Reagent As a nucleophile in
R - MgX Converting Carbonyls
to Alcohols

Reaction
 Reagent Purpose
Grignard's Reagent In preparing Alkanes
R - MgX

Reaction
 Reagent Purpose
Grignard's Reagent Converting Nitriles to
R - MgX ketones

Reaction
Reagent Purpose
Na/ Dry Ether Converting similar or
dissimilar Haloalkanes
to Alkanes (Wurtz /
Wurtz Fitting/ Fitting
Reactions)

Reaction
Reagent Purpose

Reaction
Reagent Purpose

Reaction
Reagent Purpose

Reaction
Reagent Purpose

Reaction
 Reagent Purpose
EtOH Convert Ester to
Na Alcohol (Bouveault -
Blanc)

Reaction
 Reagent Purpose
EtOH Nitrile to Amine
Na (Mendius)

Reaction
 Reagent Purpose
Na / NH3 Benzene to 1, 4 Dienes
(Birch Reduction)

Reaction
 Reagent Purpose
NH2 - NH2 Condensation of
Carbonyls to Hydrazine

Reaction
 Reagent Purpose
NH2 - NH2 / KOH Converting Aldehydes
or Ketones to Alkanes
(Wolf kishner)

Reaction
 Reagent Purpose
Br2 or Cl2 React with alkanes to give
(light or Heat) mixture of mono and poly
halo alkanes by successive
replacement of hydrogens
(Free radical substitution)

Reaction
Reagent Purpose

Reaction
Reagent Purpose

Reaction
 Reagent Purpose
Br2 or Cl2 React with alkenes to give
In CCl4 vicinal dihalides following
anti addition And alkynes
react to form tetra halo
alkanes

Reaction
 Reagent Purpose
Br2 or Cl2 Reacts with 1, 3 Butadiene to
In CCl4 undergo 1,2 Addition as
major product at 0oC and 1, 4
addition as major product at
40oC

Reaction
 Reagent Purpose
Br2 or Cl2 in H2O Alkanes react with the
solution of Halogen in water
at form halohydrins
following anti addition (OH- &
H+ )

Reaction
 Reagent Purpose
Br2 or Cl2 in H2O With phenols it gives 2, 4, 6
Trihalogen derivative

Reaction
 Reagent Purpose
Cl2 or Br2 in AlCl3 or React with Benzene to form
FeCl3 haloarene by undergoing
ESR

Reaction
 Reagent Purpose
Cl2 or Br2 in Red P Hell Volhard Zelinsky
reaction (Convert
Carboxylic acid to ∝ Halo
substituted acids)
Reaction
Reagent Purpose
NBS Selective bromination at
allylic and benzylic position

Reaction
Reagent Purpose
NBS Oxidise primary alcohol to
aldehyde and secondary
alcohol to ketone

Reaction
 Reagent Purpose
KMnO4 (Cold Convert alkenes to vicinal
Alkaline Baeyer’s glycols undergoing syn
reagent) addition

Reaction
 Reagent Purpose
KMnO4 (Hot Convert alkene into acid or
Alkaline) ketone

Reaction
 Reagent Purpose
KMnO4 (Hot Primary amines convert to
Alkaline) aldehydes ketones or nitro
alkanes depending on the
alkyl group being primary,
secondary or tertiary
respectively

Reaction
 Reagent Purpose
KMnO4 (Hot Convert ketones to
Alkaline) carboxylic acid in acidic
medium

Reaction
 Reagent Purpose
KMnO4 (Hot Inert with alkanes but
Alkaline) reacts with alkanes having
C-H bonds and oxidises to
alcohol
Reaction
R3C-H➝ R3C-OH
Reagent Purpose
HX Convert alkenes to
haloalkanes

Reaction
Reagent Purpose
HX Convert Alkynes to Geminal
halides

Reaction
Reagent Purpose
HX Convert ethers to
Haloalkanes and alcohols

Reaction
Reagent Purpose
Sn / HCL Convert Nitriles to
Aldehydes (Stephen
reduction)

Reaction
Reagent Purpose
Fe / HCL Convert Nitro benzene to
Aniline

Reaction
Reagent Purpose
Red P / HI Convert IodoAlkane to
Alkane

Reaction
R-I + Red P / Con HI ➝ R-H + HI
Reagent Purpose
Red P / HI Convert nitrosobenzene
Phenylhydoxyomine

Reaction
C2H5 - NO + Red P / Con HI ➝ C5H5NH-OH
Reagent Purpose
Red P / HI Convert Alcohols
aldehydes, ketones acids to
alkanes

Reaction
 Reagent Purpose
Moist Ag2O Convert Alkyl halide to
alcohol

Reaction
Reagent Purpose
Dry Ag2O Convert Alkyl halide to
ether

Reaction
Reagent Purpose
Cu At 3000 convert primary
alcohol to aldehyde,
Secondary to ketone and
tertiary Alkene
Reaction
Reagent Purpose
Cu Convert Methane to
Methanol

Reaction
Reagent Purpose
Cu Convert Aryl iodine to
Biraryl (Ullmann reaction)

Reaction
Reagent Purpose
PCl5 Convert Alcohol to
Chloroalkane

Reaction
Reagent Purpose
PCl5 Convert Carboxylic acid to
acid chloride

Reaction
Reagent Purpose
PCL5 Convert Amide to Nitrile

Reaction
Reagent Purpose
PCL5 Aldehydes and ketones to
geminal halides

Reaction
 Reagent Purpose

SeO2 Convert Terminal

alkynes to keto acids and
Non terminal alkynes to
Diketones.
Reaction
 Reagent Purpose

SeO2 Hydroxylation of allylic

carbon (Highly
substituted methyl or
methylene group is the
major product)

Reaction
Reagent Purpose

Reaction
 Reagent Purpose

Peroxyacid or Epoxidation of alkenes

mCpBA and then hydrolysis

Reaction
 Reagent Purpose

SeO2 Oxidation of active

methyl or methylene
groups attached to CHO,
COR, COOR, CN groups in
CO group
Reaction
 Reagent Purpose

Peroxyacid of Oxidation of ketones or

mCpBA cyclic ketones to ester or
cyclic esters
(Locations)
Reaction
 Reagent Purpose

HIO4 or (AcO)4Pb Compounds containing two

or more OH or CO groups
attached adjacent to each
other C-C cleavage to get
oxidised to acids or carbonyl
compounds
Reaction
 Reagent Purpose

BH2/THF Alkenes react with

diborane to give
Trialkylboranes
Reaction
CH3 - CH = CH2 + H - BH2 ⟶ CH3 - CH - CH2
| |
H BH2
n-propyl borane
(CH3 - CH = CH2

(CH3 CH2 CH2)2 BH

Di-n-propyl borane

(CH3 - CH = CH2
(CH3 - CH2 - CH2)2 B
Tri-n-propyl borane
 Reagent Purpose

BH2/THF Coupling reaction takes

with place after alkyl borane is
AgNO3/NaOH converted into coupled
Alkane (Hydroboration
Coupling)

Reaction
CH3 - CH = CH2 + BH2/THF ⟶ (CH3 - CH2 - CH2)2B +

AgNO3/NaoH ⟶
 Reagent Purpose

BH2/THF Conversion of alkyl

with boranes into alanes by
CH3COOH protonolysis of acid

Reaction
CH3 - CH = CH2 + BH2/THF ⟶ (CH3 - CH2 - CH2)2B +
CH3COOH ⟶ CH3-CH2-CH3
 Reagent Purpose

BH2/THF Conversion of alkyl

with boranes into terminal
H2O2, NaOH alcohol (Anti
markovnikov's product)

Reaction
 Reagent Purpose

PCC(COllins Converts Alcohols to

reagent) of PDC or carbonyl compounds
MNO2 or CrO3 or
H2CrO4 (Jones
reagent)

Reaction
 Reagent Purpose

Fe/H2O2 Convert benzene

Fenton’s reagent to Phenol

Reaction
OH
Oxidant
Catalyst
 Reagent Purpose
Fe/H2O2 Convert primary and
Fenton’s reagent secondary alcohol to
aldehydes and ketones
respectively.
Reaction
 Reagent Purpose
CrO3/AcOH Convert primary and
secondary alcohol to
aldehydes and ketones
respectively.
Reaction
 Reagent Purpose
CrO3/AcOH Convert alkenes to
carboxylic acids by
splitting the double
bond
Reaction
CH2 = CH2 ⟶ 2HCOOH
 Reagent Purpose
Con. HNO3 Convert benzene to
Nitrobenzene by ESR

Reaction
NO2

HNO3

H2SO4
 Reagent Purpose
Con. HNO3 Convert glucose to
saccharic acid

Reaction

CHO COOH
| |
Conc. HNO3
(CHOH)4 (CHOH)4
| |
CH2OH COOH
Glucose (Saccharic acid)
It oxidises terminal aldehyde or alcohol groups
into acids in carbohydrates.
 Reagent Purpose
Con. HNO3 Convert ketones to
carboxylic acid

Reaction

CH3-CO CH2 - CH2 - CH3 ⟶ CH3-COOH+HOOC-CH2-CH3

It oxidises terminal aldehyde or alcohol groups

into acids in carbohydrates.
 Reagent Purpose
Acidified Convert primary
K2Cr2O2 or alcohols to acids and
H2Cr2O7 secondary alcohols to
ketones
Reaction
R - CH2 - OH ⟶ R-COOH
R-CH(OH)-R ⟶ R-CO-R
 Reagent Purpose
Acidified Convert ketones to
K2Cr2O2 or carboxylic acid
H2Cr2O7

Reaction
CH3-CO-CH2-CH2-CH3 ⟶ CH3-COOH+HOOC-CH2-
CH3
Splitting of ketones takes place to side having
more carbons according to popoff rule
 Reagent Purpose
Acidified Convert aldehydes to
K2Cr2O2 or acids
H2Cr2O7

Reaction
R - CHO ⟶ R - COOH
 Reagent Purpose
Acidified Convert ketones to
K2Cr2O2 or carboxylic acid
H2Cr2O7

Reaction
CH3-CO-CH2-CH2-CH3 ⟶ CH3-COOH+HOOC-CH2-
CH3
Splitting of ketones takes place to side having
more carbons according to popoff rule
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