Assignment Sheet-20%

Name of Instructor: Dr. D.L. Suthar and Mr. Biniyam Shimelis

Class / Section: 2nd Year ( Summer Prep. Students)
Name of Subject: Real Analysis-II Scheduled Date of Assignment Sheet: 20.03.2021
Subject Code: Math 562 Scheduled Date of Assignment Submission: 23.04.2021

1. Let 𝑓 be a real-valued function on (𝑎, 𝑏). Suppose 𝑓 is differentiable at some 𝑥 ∈ (𝑎, 𝑏).
Then for any two sequences (𝑎𝑛 : 𝑛 ∈ ℕ) and (𝑏𝑛 : 𝑛 ∈ ℕ) such that 𝑎𝑛 → 𝑥 from the left and
𝑏𝑛 → 𝑥 from the right as 𝑛 → ∞ then show that
𝑓(𝑏𝑛 ) − 𝑓(𝑎𝑛 )
lim = 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)
𝑛→∞ 𝑏𝑛 − 𝑎𝑛
2. Let 𝑓 be a real-valued function on an interval 𝐼 in ℝ. For 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 ∈ 𝐼 such that 𝑥1 < 𝑥2 and
𝜆 ∈ [0,1], 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝜂 = 𝜆𝑥1 + (1 − 𝜆)𝑥2 . Then show that the following conditions are all
equivalent
a) 𝑓(𝜂) ≤ 𝜆𝑓(𝑥1 ) + (1 − 𝜆)𝑓(𝑥2 )
𝑥 −𝜂 𝜂−𝑥1
b) 𝑓(𝜂) ≤ 2 𝑓(𝑥1 ) + 𝑓(𝑥2 )
𝑥2 −𝑥1 𝑥2 −𝑥1
𝑓(𝑥2 )−𝑓(𝑥1 )
c) 𝑓(𝜂) ≤ (𝜂 − 𝑥1 ) + 𝑓(𝑥1 )
𝑥2 −𝑥1
𝑓(𝜂)−𝑓(𝑥1 ) 𝑓(𝑥 )−𝑓(𝜂)
d) ≤ 𝑥2 −𝜂 for 𝜂 ≠ 𝑥1 , 𝑥2
𝜂−𝑥1 2
3. Show that equality holds in the inequality
𝑎𝑡 𝑏1−𝑡 ≤ 𝑡𝑎 + (1 − 𝑡)𝑏, 0 < 𝑡 < 1; 𝑎 ≥ 0; 𝑏 ≥ 0
iff 𝑎 = 𝑏. Use this to show that if 𝑓 ∈ 𝐿𝑝 (𝜇)𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔 ∈ 𝐿𝑞 (𝜇), where 1 < 𝑝, 𝑞 < ∞ and
1 1
+ 𝑞 = 1, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 ∫|𝑓𝑔|𝑑𝜇 = ‖𝑓‖𝑝 ‖𝑔‖𝑞 holds iff there exist two constants 𝐶1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶2 (not
𝑝
both zero) such that 𝐶1 |𝑓|𝑝 = 𝐶2 |𝑔|𝑞 holds.
4. Assume that 𝜇 ∗ (𝑥) = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 0 < 𝑝 < 𝑞 ≤ ∞. If 𝑓 is in 𝐿𝑞 (𝜇) then show that ‖𝑓‖𝑝 ≤ ‖𝑔‖𝑞
holds.
5. Let (𝑋, 𝑆, 𝜇) be measurable space and let 0 < 𝑝 < 1. Then
a) Show by a counter example that ‖. ‖𝑝 is no longer a norm on 𝐿𝑝 (𝜇)
b) For each 𝑓, 𝑔 ∈ 𝐿𝑝 (𝜇), let 𝑑(𝑓, 𝑔) = ∫|𝑓 − 𝑔|𝑝 𝑑𝜇 = (‖𝑓 − 𝑔‖𝑝 )𝑝 . Then show that 𝑑 is a
metric on 𝐿𝑝 (𝜇) and that 𝐿𝑝 (𝜇) equipped with 𝑑 is a complete metric space.
6. If two functions 𝑓, 𝑔 ∈ 𝐿3 (𝜇) satisfy ‖𝑓‖3 = ‖𝑔‖3 = ∫ 𝑓 2 𝑔𝑑𝜇 = 1, then show that
𝑔 = |𝑓|𝑎. 𝑒
7. Let 𝑓: ℝ → ℝ be integrable with respect to the Lebesgue measure. Then show that the
function 𝑔: [0, ∞) → ℝ defined by
𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑆𝑢𝑝{∫|𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦) − 𝑓(𝑥)|𝑑𝜆(𝑥): |𝑦| ≤ 𝑡}, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡 ≥ 0 is continuous at 𝑡 = 0.