‫‪ -1‬عالقات اساسية‪:‬‬

‫‪𝐶 = 𝐶1 + 𝐶2 + 𝐶3‬‬ ‫𝐶 𝐶𝑢 = 𝑞‬
‫𝑆‬ ‫𝑞𝑑‬
‫𝜀=𝐶‬ ‫=𝑖‬
‫𝑑‬ ‫𝑡𝑑‬
‫𝑖𝑅 = 𝑅𝑢‬ ‫𝑞‬
‫=𝑖‬
‫𝑡‬
‫𝐶𝑅 = 𝜏‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪= + +‬‬
‫‪𝐶 𝐶1 𝐶2 𝐶3‬‬
‫‪ -2‬المعادالت التفاضلية خالل الشحن‪:‬‬

‫𝐸 = 𝐶𝑢 ‪𝑢𝑅 +‬‬
‫𝐸 = 𝐶𝑢 ‪⇒ 𝑅𝑖 +‬‬
‫𝑞𝑑‬
‫𝑅⇒‬ ‫𝐸 = 𝐶𝑢 ‪+‬‬ ‫𝐶𝑢‬
‫𝑡𝑑‬
‫𝑡‬
‫)𝐶 𝐶𝑢(𝑑‬
‫‪𝑢𝐶 = 𝐸 (1 −‬‬ ‫) 𝜏‪𝑒 −‬‬ ‫𝑅⇒‬ ‫𝐸 = 𝐶𝑢 ‪+‬‬
‫𝑡𝑑‬
‫𝐶𝑢𝑑‬
‫𝐶𝑅 ⇒‬ ‫𝐸 = 𝐶𝑢 ‪+‬‬
‫𝑡𝑑‬
‫𝐸 = 𝐶𝑢 ‪𝑢𝑅 +‬‬
‫𝑡‬ ‫𝐸 = 𝐶𝑢 ‪⇒ 𝑅𝑖 +‬‬ ‫𝑞‬
‫‪𝑞 = 𝑄0 (1 −‬‬ ‫) 𝜏‪𝑒 −‬‬ ‫𝑞 𝑞𝑑‬
‫𝑡‬ ‫𝑅⇒‬ ‫𝐸= ‪+‬‬
‫𝐶 𝑡𝑑‬
‫) 𝜏‪𝑞 = 𝐸𝐶 (1 − 𝑒 −‬‬ ‫𝑞𝑑‬
‫𝐶𝑅 ⇒‬ ‫𝐶𝐸 = 𝑞 ‪+‬‬
‫𝑡𝑑‬
‫𝐸 = 𝐶𝑢 ‪𝑢𝑅 +‬‬
‫𝑞‬
‫𝐸 = ‪⇒ 𝑅𝑖 +‬‬
‫𝐶‬
‫𝑡‬ ‫𝑞𝑑 𝑖𝑑𝑅‬ ‫𝑖‬
‫𝐶𝑅‪𝑖 = 𝑖0 𝑒 −‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪=0‬‬
‫𝑡𝑑‬ ‫𝑡𝑑𝐶‬
‫𝑖 𝑖𝑑𝑅‬
‫𝑡‪𝐸 −‬‬ ‫⇒‬ ‫‪+ =0‬‬
‫=𝑖‬ ‫𝐶𝑅 𝑒‬ ‫𝑡𝑑‬ ‫𝐶‬
‫𝑅‬ ‫𝑖𝑑‬
‫‪⇒ 𝑅𝐶 + 𝑖 = 0‬‬
‫𝑡𝑑‬
‫𝐸 = 𝐶𝑢 ‪𝑢𝑅 +‬‬
‫𝑞‬
‫𝐸 = ‪⇒ 𝑢𝑅 +‬‬ ‫𝑅𝑢‬
‫𝑡‬
‫𝐶‬
‫𝐸 = 𝑅𝑢‬ ‫𝐶𝑅‪𝑒 −‬‬ ‫𝑞𝑑 𝑅𝑢𝑑‬
‫⇒‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪=0‬‬
‫𝑡𝑑‬ ‫𝑡𝑑𝐶‬
‫‪𝑑𝑢𝑅 1‬‬
‫⇒‬ ‫‪+ 𝑖=0‬‬
‫𝑡𝑑‬ ‫𝐶‬
‫𝑅𝑢 𝑅𝑢𝑑‬
‫⇒‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪=0‬‬
‫𝑡𝑑‬ ‫𝐶𝑅‬

‫‪1‬‬
 -3

𝑢𝑅 + 𝑢 𝐶 = 0
⇒ 𝑅𝑖 + 𝑢𝐶 = 0 𝑢𝐶
𝑑𝑞
⇒𝑅 + 𝑢𝐶 = 0
𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝑑(𝑢𝐶 𝐶)
𝑢𝐶 = 𝐸𝑒 −𝜏 ⇒𝑅 + 𝑢𝐶 = 0
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑢𝐶
⇒ 𝑅𝐶 + 𝑢𝐶 = 0
𝑑𝑡
𝑢𝑅 + 𝑢 𝐶 = 0
𝑡 ⇒ 𝑅𝑖 + 𝑢𝐶 = 0
𝑞 = 𝑄0 𝑒 −𝜏 𝑑𝑞 𝑞
𝑡 ⇒𝑅 + =0 𝑞
𝑞 = 𝐸𝐶𝑒 −𝜏 𝑑𝑡 𝐶
𝑑𝑞
⇒ 𝑅𝐶 +𝑞 =0
𝑑𝑡

𝑢𝑅 + 𝑢 𝐶 = 0
𝑞
𝐸 −𝑡 ⇒ 𝑅𝑖 + = 0
𝑖=− 𝑒 𝑅𝐶 𝐶
𝑅 𝑅𝑑𝑖 𝑑𝑞 𝑖
⇒ + =0
𝑑𝑡 𝐶𝑑𝑡
𝑡 𝑅𝑑𝑖 𝑖
𝑖 = −𝑖0 𝑒 −𝑅𝐶 ⇒ + =0
𝑑𝑡 𝐶
𝑑𝑖
⇒ 𝑅𝐶 + 𝑖 = 0
𝑑𝑡

𝑢𝑅 + 𝑢 𝐶 = 0
𝑞
⇒ 𝑢𝑅 + = 0
𝑡
𝐶
𝑑𝑢𝑅 𝑑𝑞 𝑢𝑅
𝑢𝑅 = −𝐸 𝑒 −𝑅𝐶 ⇒ + =0
𝑑𝑡 𝐶𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑢𝑅 1
⇒ + 𝑖=0
𝑑𝑡 𝐶
𝑑𝑢𝑅 𝑢𝑅
⇒ + =0
𝑑𝑡 𝑅𝐶
-4

1
𝐸(𝐶) = 𝑞𝑢𝐶
2
1 1 2 𝑡 2
√2 𝐸𝑐 (𝑡) = 𝐶𝑢𝐶 = 𝐶𝐸 (1 − 𝑒 −𝜏 )
2
𝑡1 = 𝜏 𝑙𝑛 ( ) 2 2
2 √2 − 1 1
𝐸𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝐶𝐸 2
2
𝜏
𝑡 12 = 2 ln 2
1 1 2𝑡
𝐸𝑐 (𝑡) = 𝐶𝑢𝐶 2 = 𝐶𝐸 2 𝑒 − 𝜏
2 2

2
 2015 1
𝐸

𝐾 𝑡=0
𝑢𝑐 ( 𝑡 ) = 𝑓 ( 𝑡 )
-1
-2
𝑢𝑐 ( 𝑡 )
-3
𝑢𝑐 ( 𝑡 )
𝑡
𝑢𝑐 (𝑡 ) = 𝐸 (1 − 𝑒 −𝜏 ) -4
𝜏 𝐸 𝑢𝑐 (𝜏) = 0.63𝐸 -5
𝐶 -6
2

𝐶 𝑅 = 100Ω -
𝐸 = 5𝑉 -

𝐵 𝐴 -1
-2
𝑢𝑐 -3
𝑡
𝜏 𝐴 𝐵 𝑢𝑐 = 𝐴 + 𝐵𝑒 −𝜏 -4

𝐶 𝜏 -5
-6
-7
𝑑 𝑆 𝑆
𝐶=𝜀 , 𝐶=𝜀 , 𝐶= -
𝑆 𝑑 𝜀 𝑑

𝜀 𝑑 𝑆

3
 2013 3
𝐶 𝑅 = 1𝑘Ω E
𝑡=0 K 𝐾
-1

𝑞 (𝑡 ) -2
𝑞 (𝑡 ) = 𝐴𝑒 𝛼𝑡 + 𝐵 -3
α A,B -
t q(t) -4
𝜏 -
E -
𝑡 = 200𝑚𝑠 -
2016 4

𝐶
𝑅2 = 𝑅1 = 1𝑘Ω 𝐾 𝐸
𝑡=0 4𝑘Ω
-1
𝑖 (𝑡 )

𝑖 (𝑡 ) = 𝛼𝑒 −𝛽𝑡
𝐸 𝐶 𝑅2 𝑅1 𝛽 𝛼
-2
𝑖 (𝑡 )
𝐸 𝐶 τ -3
𝐸𝑐 (𝑡 ) -4
2014 5
𝐶 𝐸
𝐾 𝑅2 = 2𝐾Ω 𝑅1 = 1𝐾Ω
𝑌2 𝑌1

4
 𝑌2 𝑌1 1 𝐾 -1
(𝑏 ) (𝑎 ) -2
𝑌1 -
-

𝜏1 -
𝐶 𝐸 -3
𝑡 ≥ 0.6𝑠 𝑡=0 𝑖 (𝑡 ) -4
2 -5
𝜏1 𝜏2 -
𝑡 = 𝜏2 𝑅2 -‫ب‬

6
𝐸
𝐾 . 𝑅2 = 4𝑘Ω 𝑅1 = 1𝑘Ω 𝐶

-1
-2
-3
-4
𝑑𝑞
+ 𝛼𝑞 + 𝛽 = 0
𝑑𝑡
,  -
𝜏 -5
𝜏 •
•
𝑑𝑞
-6
𝑑𝑡
𝜏 -
C -
𝐸
-7
𝐸0
𝐸0
𝜏
2

5
 2016 7

𝑅 = 10𝑘Ω 𝐸
𝐾 𝐶
𝑡=0 (2) (1)
-1
𝑢𝐶 -2
1 𝑑𝑢𝐶
𝑢𝐶 + × =0
𝛼 𝑑𝑡

𝑢𝐶 = 𝐴𝑒 −𝛼𝑡 -3
𝐸 𝐶 𝑅 𝛼 𝐴
𝑡 𝑙𝑛 𝑢𝐶 -4
𝑙𝑛 𝑢𝐶 = 𝑓 (𝑡 ) -
𝐸 𝐶 𝛼 -
𝑡 = 2.5𝜏 -5
2013 8
𝐶 E = 12𝑉 𝐶
𝑅 = 1𝑘Ω
𝑡=0 K -1
𝑢𝐶 ( 𝑡 ) -
α A 𝑢𝐶 (𝑡 ) = 𝐴𝑒 𝛼𝑡 -
𝐸𝐶 (𝑡 ) -2
𝐸𝐶 (𝑡 ) -3
𝐸𝐶 (0) -
𝑡 = 0𝑚𝑠 -
𝜏
𝑡=
2
𝐶 τ -
𝜏
𝑡1⁄ = ln 2 -4
2 2

6
 2009 9

𝑅 = 𝑅` = 470Ω 𝐶
𝐾 𝐸
𝑡=0 1 -1
𝑢𝑅 𝑢𝑐 -
𝑞 𝑞 = 𝑞𝐴 𝑢𝑅 𝑢𝑐 -
𝐸 𝑅 𝐶 𝛼 𝐴 𝑞𝐴 = 𝐴(1 − 𝑒 −𝛼𝑡 ) -
𝐸 5𝑉 -
𝐶 𝐸𝐶 = 5𝑚𝐽 -
2 -2
-
𝐾 2 1 -
2010 10
𝐶
𝐸 = 5𝑉 -
𝐾 𝑅 = 120Ω -
𝑢𝐶
1 𝑡=0

𝑡(𝑚𝑠) 0 4 8 16 20 24 32 40 48 60 68 80
𝑢𝐶 ( 𝑉 ) 0 1 2 3.3 3.8 4.1 4.5 4.8 4.9 5 5 5

𝑢𝐶 = 𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) -1
𝐶 𝑅𝐶 𝜏
-2
𝑅 = 120Ω 𝐶` > 𝐶 𝐶` -
𝑅` < 120Ω 𝐶`` = 𝐶 𝐶`` -
𝑢𝐶 2 1 •
𝑑𝑞(𝑡) 1 𝐸
+ 𝑞 (𝑡 ) = 𝑞 (𝑡 ) -3
𝑑𝑡 𝑅𝐶 𝑅

7
 𝛼 𝛽 𝐴 𝑞𝐴 = 𝐴𝑒 𝛼𝑡 + 𝛽
2 -4
𝐸0 𝑡=0 -
𝐸0
𝐸= -
2

2016 11
𝑅 = 10𝑘Ω 𝐶 = 100𝑛𝐹
𝐾 𝐸 = 5𝑉
(1) .I
-1
𝑢𝐵𝐷 𝑢𝐴𝐵
-2
𝑢𝐵𝐷 (𝑡)
𝑏 𝐴 𝑢𝐵𝐷 (𝑡) = 𝐸 + 𝐴𝑒 −𝑏𝑡 -3
-4
𝑢𝐵𝐷 = 𝑓 (𝑡 ) 𝑢𝐵𝐷 (𝑡) -5
(2) .II
-1
(1) 𝐶′ -2
-
3.75 × 10−6 𝑗𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠
1𝑛𝐹 = 10−9 𝐹 𝐶′
2015 12

E 𝑅 = 100 Ω
-1
𝑢𝐶 ( 𝑡 ) -2
𝑡
𝜏 𝐴 𝑢𝐶 (𝑡 ) = 𝐴 (1 − 𝑒 −𝜏 ) -3

8
 1
𝑙𝑛(𝐸 − 𝑢𝐶 ) = − 𝑡 + 𝑙𝑛 𝐸 -4
𝜏

𝑙𝑛(𝐸 − 𝑢𝐶 ) -5
𝐸 -
𝐶 𝜏 -
𝐸𝐶 (𝑡 ) -6
𝑡=𝜏 𝐸𝐶 (𝜏)
𝐸𝐶 (∞)
𝐸𝐶 (𝜏)
-
𝐸𝐶 (∞)
𝜏
𝐶′ 𝜏′ = 𝐶′ -7
4

2016 13
𝑢𝑐 ( 𝑡 )
𝐶
𝐾 𝐸 𝑅
-1

𝑡=0 𝐾 -2
𝑅 = 𝑅1

𝐵 𝐴 𝑢𝑐 (𝑡 ) = 𝐴(1 − 𝑒 −𝐵𝑡 ) -
3
𝑅 > 𝑅1 𝑢𝑐 = 𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) -
𝜏 𝑅 -3

𝑅1 𝐶 -

𝐶2 𝐶1 = 1𝜇𝐹 -
𝐶2

9
 14

𝑟 𝐸 = 4.5𝑉
𝐾 𝐶 = 0.01𝐹 𝑅
1 𝑡=0
𝑢𝑐 ( 𝑡 ) 𝐸𝑥𝐴𝑜 2 𝑡 = 0.45𝑠

.i
-1
𝑢𝑐 -2
𝐴
𝐵 𝐴 𝑢𝑐 = (1 − 𝑒 −𝐵𝑡 ) -3
𝐵
𝜏 -4
𝜏 -5
𝐸𝑐 0 -6
.ii
𝜏′ -1
𝜏−𝜏′
𝑟= -2
𝐶
𝑅 -3
𝑡−0.45
−
𝐸𝑅 𝑢𝑐 = 𝐸𝑒 τ′ -4

2(𝑡−0.45)
𝐸𝑅 = 𝐸𝑐 0 (1 − 𝑒 − τ′ )
𝑡 = 0.5𝑠 -

10
 2012 15
𝐶
-
-

(1) 𝑡 = 0𝑠 -1
𝑖 = 0.31𝑚𝐴 𝐺
𝑢𝐴𝐵 𝐸𝑥𝐴𝑂
𝑡
𝑖 𝑢𝐴𝐵 -
𝑡 𝐶
.𝐶 -
𝑈0 = 1.6𝑉 -1
𝑡 = 0𝑠 (2)
𝑅 = 1𝐾Ω
−𝑡
𝜏
𝑢𝐴𝐵 = 𝑈0 𝑒 𝑢𝐴𝐵 -
𝑢𝐴𝐵 𝐸𝑥𝐴𝑂 -‫ب‬
𝑡
τ
.𝐶
16

𝑅1 𝑅0 𝐶
𝐾2 𝐾1 𝐼0 = 4μ𝐴

𝐾1 𝑡=0 𝐾2 1

𝑅0 -
-

𝑢0 = 10𝑉
11
𝐾2 𝐾1 𝑢0 = 10𝑉 2
-
𝑢𝐶 ( 𝑡 )
−𝑡
𝑢𝐶 ( 𝑡 ) = 𝑢0 𝑒 𝜏 -
-
-
𝑅1 𝜏 -
-
𝑡 = 0.05𝑠 𝑅1

17

𝑅𝐶

𝐶 𝑖 = 0.15𝑚𝐴
𝐾 𝑅 = 1𝑘Ω
1 .i
𝐶 -
-
𝑢0 = 15𝑉
2 .ii
𝑢𝐴𝐵 -
-
𝑑𝑢𝐴𝐵
(𝑅1 + 𝑅2 )𝐶 + 𝑢𝐴𝐵 = 0
𝑑𝑡

𝛽 𝛼 𝑢𝐴𝐵 = 𝛼𝑒 𝛽𝑡 -
𝜏 -
-
-
-

12
 2016 18

𝐸 -
𝐶 -
𝑅2 𝑅1 = 1𝑘Ω -
𝐾 -

(𝑏 ) (𝑎 ) 𝑡=0 𝐾
-1
𝑢𝑐 -2

𝐼0 -3

𝑅2 𝑡=0 -4
𝐶 𝑅2 𝐼0 𝐸 𝑅2 𝑅1 𝐸
-5

19

𝐸 -
𝑅1 𝑅2 = 500Ω -
𝐾 𝐶 -
𝐾 𝑡=0
-

-
𝑅2 𝑢𝑅2

13
𝑅1 𝐵 𝐴 𝑢𝑅2 = 𝐴𝑒 −𝐵𝑡 -
𝐸 𝐶 𝑅2
𝜏 -
𝐶 𝐸 𝑅1 -
-
-
2016 20
RC

-
C2 = 2μF C1 -
𝑅 = 3𝑘𝛺 -
K -
(1)
C1 ×C2
Ce = -1
C1 +C2

C2 𝑢C2 -2
d𝑢𝐶2 1 𝐸
+ 𝑢𝐶2 =
d𝑡 𝑅𝐶𝑒 𝑅𝐶2

A uC2 (t) = A(1 − eαt ) -3

α
u R ( t ) u C2 ( t ) -4
-
τ E -
uC2f uC1f -
C1 -
C1 -

14
 ‫التمرين ‪:21‬‬

‫𝐸‬
‫‪𝑅 = 1𝑘Ω‬‬
‫𝐾‬ ‫𝐹𝜇‪𝐶2 = 200‬‬ ‫‪𝐶1‬‬
‫‪𝑡=0‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪.I‬‬
‫𝑅𝑢‬
‫‪-1‬‬
‫‪-2‬‬
‫‪-3‬‬

‫‪-4‬‬
‫‪𝑢𝑐1‬‬
‫𝑡‬
‫) 𝜏‪𝑢𝑐1 (𝑡) = 𝐸 (1 − 𝑒 −‬‬
‫)𝑡( 𝑅𝑢‬
‫𝐸 𝜏‬ ‫‪-5‬‬
‫‪𝐶1‬‬
‫‪𝐶1‬‬ ‫‪-6‬‬
‫‪𝑢𝑐1 = 𝑢𝑐2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪.II‬‬
‫‪𝑄0 = 𝑞𝑐1 + 𝑞𝑐2‬‬
‫‪𝐶2‬‬ ‫‪𝐶1 𝑞𝑐2‬‬ ‫‪𝑞𝑐1‬‬ ‫‪-1‬‬
‫‪-2‬‬
‫‪-3‬‬
‫‪-4‬‬

‫‪15‬‬