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11810422524
ANESSAY

Readi
ngi
sthebestwayt
oimpr
ovey
ourv
ocabul
ary
!Thecont
extofar
ti
cles,
st
ori
es,andconv
ersat
ionshel
psy
ouf
igur
eoutandunder
standt
hemeani
ng
ofEngl
i
shwor
dsi
nthet
extt
hatar
enew t
oyou.Readi
ngal
sopr
ovi
des
r
epet
it
ion ofv
ocabul
ary wor
ds y
ou hav
e al
ready l
ear
ned t
o hel
pyou
r
emembert
hem.

Readi
ngcompr
ehensi
oni
seasi
eri
fyoual
readyknow t
hekey
wor
dsi
nthe
r
eadi
ng.Thi
sisoner
easont
hatnewv
ocabul
aryi
spr
esent
edandpr
act
icedat
t
hebegi
nni
ng.Ther
ear
emanyway
sthatr
eadi
nghel
psy
out
olear
nEngl
i
sh,
butr
eadi
ngi
tsel
fisani
mpor
tantl
i
feski
l
l.I
nev
ery
dayl
i
feweuser
eadi
ngt
o
geti
nfor
mat
ionaboutt
hewor
ldar
oundus.Ther
ear
esi
gnsont
hest
reet
.Can
y
oupar
kyourcarher
e?Whi
chday
scany
oupar
k?Howl
ong?Ther
ear
elet
ter
s
f
rom schoolorut
il
it
ycompani
est
hatcomei
nthemai
l
.Ther
ear
eal
sobus
schedul
es,bi
l
ls,medi
ci
nel
abel
s,ads,heal
thcar
epamphl
ets,andt
echni
cal
manual
sforourel
ect
roni
cdev
ices.Wheny
ouar
enewt
oacount
ry,
thi
sist
he
f
ir
stki
ndofr
eadi
ngy
ouneed.USALear
nswi
l
lhel
ppr
epar
eyouwi
tht
heLi
fe
Ski
l
lsr
eadi
ngact
ivi
ti
es.
Readi
ngEngl
i
shi
sani
mpor
tantpar
tofl
anguage
l
ear
ning because i
thel
psy
ou dev
elop ot
herr
elat
ed ski
l
lsl
i
ke gr
ammar
,
v
ocabul
ary
,andwr
it
ing.Readi
ngal
l
owsl
anguagel
ear
ner
stoexpl
oret
opi
cs
t
hatt
heyl
oveandst
ori
est
hatengaget
hem.
Ext
ensi
veReadi
ng(
ER)

i
sanappr
oacht
osecondl
anguager
eadi
ng.Whenl
ear
ner
sreadext
ensi
vel
y,
t
heyr
eadv
eryeasy
,enj
oyabl
ebookst
obui
l
dthei
rreadi
ngspeedandf
luency
.
Anot
herwayt
osayt
hisi
sst
udent
slear
ntor
eadbyact
ual
l
yreadi
ngr
ather
t
hanexami
ningt
ext
sbyst
udy
ingt
hev
ocabul
ary
,gr
ammarandphr
ases.I
tis
i
nst
ruct
ivet
ocompar
eInt
ensi
veReadi
ng(
IR)wi
thExt
ensi
veReadi
ng.

I
ntensi
veReadi
ng

Formanyt
eacher
s,t
her
eisonl
yonewayt
oteachr
eadi
ngwhi
chi
nvol
vest
he
t
eacherwal
ki
ngt
hewhol
ecl
asst
hroughar
eadi
ngpassage.Thepassagei
s
usual
l
y shor
t and t
he i
nst
ruct
ion i
s f
ocused on car
eful
l
y checki
ng
compr
ehensi
on,st
udy
ingt
hegr
ammarand/
orv
ocabul
ary
,ordev
elopi
nga
r
eadi
ngski
l
l.Her
eisanexampl
e.

Thel
i
mit
sofI
ntensi
ver
eadi
ng

*
Ther
eadi
ngi
sdi
ff
icul
t,sol
ear
ner
shav
efewchancest
obui
l
dreadi
ngspeed
andf
luency
.

*
Ther
eadi
ngi
sshor
tandbecausei
tisdi
ff
icul
t,t
hel
ear
ner
sreadsl
owl
yand
t
heycannotmeetal
otofl
anguage.

*
Thewhol
ecl
assr
eadst
hesamemat
eri
al,whi
chi
stooeasyf
orsomeand
t
oodi
ff
icul
tforot
her
s.

*
All
thest
udent
shav
etor
eadatt
hesamepaceast
heydot
het
askst
oget
her
.

*
Ther
eadi
ngi
sint
erest
ingt
osomel
ear
ner
sbutnotot
her
s.
WhydoExt
ensi
veReadi
ng?

Ext
ensi
veReadi
ngbui
l
dsv
ocabul
ary
.Whenl
ear
ner
sreadal
ot,t
heymeet
t
housands ofwor
ds and l
exi
cal(
wor
d)pat
ter
ns t
hatar
e nott
aughti
n
t
ext
books.Ext
ensi
veReadi
ngal
l
owst
hel
ear
nert
odev
elopanawar
enessof
col
l
ocat
ions(
commonwor
dpar
tner
shi
ps)andt
housandsofl
exi
cal
phr
ases.

Ext
ensi
veReadi
nghel
psl
ear
ner
sunder
standgr
ammar
.Int
ext
booksl
ear
ner
s
meethundr
edsofgr
ammarpat
ter
ns.Howev
er,t
ext
booksdonotpr
ovi
de
enough meet
ings wi
th gr
ammarf
orr
ealacqui
sit
ion t
o occur
.Ext
ensi
ve
Readi
ngpr
ovi
desoppor
tuni
ti
est
oseegr
ammari
ncont
extsol
ear
ner
scan
deepent
hei
runder
standi
ngofhowgr
ammari
sreal
l
yused.

Useski
mmi
ngi
npr
evi
ewi
ng(
readi
ngbef
orey
our
ead)
,rev
iewi
ng(
readi
ng
af
tery
our
ead)
,det
ermi
ningt
hemai
nideaf
rom al
ongsel
ect
iony
oudon'
t
wi
sht
oread,
orwhent
ryi
ngt
ofi
ndsour
cemat
eri
alf
orar
esear
chpaper
.

Usescanni
ngi
nresear
cht
ofi
ndpar
ti
cul
arf
act
s,t
ost
udyf
act
-heav
ytopi
cs,
andt
oanswerquest
ionsr
equi
ri
ngf
act
ual
suppor
t.

Ski
mmi
ngt
osav
eti
me

Ski
mmi
ngcansav
eyouhour
sofl
abor
iousr
eadi
ng.Howev
er,i
tisnotal
way
s
t
hemostappr
opr
iat
ewayt
oread.I
tisv
eryusef
ulasapr
evi
ew t
oamor
e
det
ail
edr
eadi
ngorwhenr
evi
ewi
ngasel
ect
ionheav
yincont
ent
.Butwheny
ou
ski
m,y
ou maymi
ssi
mpor
tantpoi
ntsorov
erl
ookt
he f
inershadi
ngsof
meani
ng,f
orwhi
chr
api
dreadi
ngorper
hapsev
enst
udyr
eadi
ngmaybe
necessar
y.

Useski
mmi
ngt
oov
erv
iewy
ourt
ext
bookchapt
ersort
orev
iewf
orat
est
.Use
ski
mmi
ngt
odeci
dei
fyouneedt
oreadsomet
hingatal
l
,forexampl
edur
ing
t
hepr
eli
minar
yresear
chf
orapaper
.Ski
mmi
ngcant
elly
ouenoughaboutt
he
gener
ali
deaand t
oneoft
hemat
eri
al,aswel
lasi
tsgr
osssi
mil
ari
tyor
di
ff
erencef
rom ot
hersour
ces,
toknowi
fyouneedt
oreadi
tatal
l
.

Scanni
ngf
orr
esear
chandst
udy

Scanni
ng,t
oo,useskey
wor
dsandor
gani
zat
ionalcues.Butwhi
l
ethegoalof
ski
mmi
ngi
sabi
rd'
s-
eyev
iewoft
hemat
eri
al,
thegoalofscanni
ngi
stol
ocat
e
andswoopdownonpar
ti
cul
arf
act
s.

Fact
smaybebur
iedwi
thi
nlongt
extpassagest
hathav
erel
ati
vel
yli
tt
leel
set
o
dowi
thy
ourt
opi
corcl
aim.Ski
mthi
smat
eri
alf
ir
stt
odeci
dei
fiti
sli
kel
yto
cont
aint
he f
act
syou need.Don'
tfor
gett
o scan t
abl
es ofcont
ent
s,
summar
ies,i
ndexes,headi
ngs,andt
ypogr
aphi
calcues.Tomakesenseof
l
i
stsand t
abl
es,ski
m t
hem f
ir
stt
o under
stand how t
heyar
eor
gani
zed:
al
phabet
ical
,chr
onol
ogi
cal
,ormost
-t
o-l
east
.

Scanni
ngt
oanswerquest
ions

I
mpl
ement
ingapr
e-r
eadi
ngshar
ingmechani
sm wi
thWeb-
basedannot
ati
on
capabi
l
iti
escoul
d st
imul
ateand hel
p st
udent
sper
for
m mor
eusef
ulpr
e-
r
eadi
ngbyr
evi
ewi
ngot
her
s'annot
ati
ons,t
her
ebyenl
argi
ngt
heef
fect
iveness
ofpr
ereadi
ng as i
trel
ates t
olear
ning.Second,par
ti
cipant
s'pr
e-r
eadi
ng
exer
ciseswi
thaWeb-
basedannot
ati
ont
oolr
eveal
edt
hei
rpr
epar
ati
onbef
ore
cl
assaswel
lasr
efl
ect
edt
hei
rpr
iorknowl
edge,
ther
ebyhel
pingt
hei
nst
ruct
or
t
o pr
epar
ethe l
ect
ure wel
lin adv
ance.I
nthe f
utur
e,mor
e adv
anced
mechani
sms,suchassel
f-
regul
ati
onl
ear
ning,wi
l
lbest
udi
edt
oencour
age
st
udent
stoef
fi
ci
ent
lymanagel
ear
ningbef
orecl
ass.

Response-
basedpr
act
icesi
nli
ter
atur
eteachi
ngandl
ear
ningar
eresponsi
ve
t
othi
sneedf
ornewf
ormsoft
hinki
ngandl
ear
ning.Forexampl
e,st
udent
sin
t
her
esponse-
basedcl
assr
oom l
ear
nnotj
ustaboutl
i
ter
atur
e,buthow t
o
r
endert
hei
rreadi
ngexper
iencei
ntol
i
ter
aryunder
standi
ngs;under
standi
ngs
t
hatar
einwar
d,di
ver
gentandassuchsuppor
ti
veoft
hedev
elopmentof
cr
it
icalandcr
eat
ivet
hinki
ngaboutwor
ldsbot
hfi
cti
onalandr
eal(
Langer
,
1990)
.Thr
oughcl
assdi
scussi
on,j
our
nalwr
it
ingandr
elat
edr
esponse-
based
act
ivi
ti
es,st
udent
s'r
esponsest
owhatt
heyr
eadbecomear
ti
cul
ated,v
alued
and r
efi
ned;st
udent
s'abi
l
ityt
othi
nk and speak aboutt
hei
rresponses,
mor
eov
er,notonl
yenhancest
hei
rli
ter
aryexper
ience,butcont
ri
but
est
othe
dev
elopmentofl
i
ngui
sti
candcogni
ti
veski
l
lsacr
osscont
entar
eas(
Langer
,
1993;
Mil
l
er,
1993)
.

Theact
ivi
ti
esar
eusedt
odev
elopr
eadi
ngst
rat
egi
es:

Read-
AloudQuest
ions

Nomat
terachi
l
d’sage,i
t’
sal
way
sgoodt
odor
ead-
aloudst
oget
her
.One
benef
itofr
eadi
ngt
oget
heri
sital
l
owst
headul
ttoaskquest
ionsal
ongt
he
way
.Aski
ngquest
ionssuchas,“
Whatdoy
out
hinkwi
l
lhappennext
?”or“
I
wonderwhyt
hechar
act
erdi
dthat
?”hel
pst
hechi
l
dtoengagewi
thandt
hink
cr
it
ical
l
yaboutt
het
extandal
l
owst
headul
ttoj
udgehowwel
lthepassagei
s
bei
ngcompr
ehended.Takeal
ookatt
hesequest
ionst
oincr
easer
eadi
ng
compr
ehensi
onf
rom MySt
oryTi
meCor
ner
.

St
orySequenci
ng

Sequenci
ng i
s anot
her way y
ou can hel
pal
i
ttl
e one gai
nreadi
ng
compr
ehensi
on.Bei
ngabl
etoor
dert
hesequenceofev
ent
sinast
oryi
sakey
componenti
nunder
standi
ngpl
ot.Ther
ear
esev
eralway
syoucanpr
act
ice
st
orysequenci
ng wi
thy
ourr
eader
.You coul
d si
mpl
yhav
e hi
m wr
it
ea
sent
enceordr
awapi
ctur
eaboutwhathappenedatt
hebegi
nni
ng,
middl
eand
endoft
hest
ory
.Youcoul
dal
socr
eat
ethesecut
est
oryst
onesi
fyouwant
ed
t
o getext
ra cr
eat
ive.Vi
sitI
magi
nat
ion Soup f
orcompl
ete st
ory st
one
i
nst
ruct
ions.

Ret
ell
i
ng

Cl
osel
yrel
ated t
o st
ory sequenci
ng,r
etel
l
ing i
s al
so good pr
act
ice f
or
achi
evi
ngr
eadi
ngcompr
ehensi
on.Ther
ainbowr
eadi
ngbr
acel
eti
stheper
fect
t
oolf
orgai
ningpr
ofi
ci
encyi
nret
ell
i
ng.Usi
ngcol
oredbeadsonabr
acel
etas
pr
ompt
sforr
etel
l
ing(
green– getr
eadyf
oraf
ew mor
edet
ail
s)t
hechi
l
d
l
ear
nshowt
osummar
izeast
oryi
nanor
der
lyf
ashi
on.Checkoutdi
rect
ions
f
ormaki
ngy
ourownr
ainbowr
etel
l
ingbr
acel
etatGr
owi
ngBookbyBook.

Cl
oseReadi
ng

Lear
ningt
opaycar
efulat
tent
iont
oat
exti
saski
l
lthatdoesn’
tal
way
scome
nat
ural
l
ytobegi
nni
ngr
eader
s.Chi
l
drenhav
etobet
aughthowt
olookcl
osel
y
atapassagei
nor
dert
o gl
eant
hemostdet
ail
sandt
husgai
nabet
ter
under
standi
ngoft
heaut
hor
’si
ntent
.Teachi
ngachi
l
dtor
ereadapassage
sl
owl
yandt
hought
ful
l
ywi
l
lhel
pherbet
tercompr
ehendwhatshehasr
ead.
Cl
oser
eadi
ngwi
thOr
eosi
sagr
eat(
anddel
i
cious)wayt
ohonecar
eful
r
eadi
ng ski
l
ls and wi
l
lhav
eyourki
ddo beggi
ng f
ormor
e cl
ose r
eadi
ng
pr
act
ice.Vi
si
tWho’
sWhoandWho’
sNewf
ordet
ail
soni
mpl
ement
ingt
hisf
un
act
ivi
ty.

I
nfer
enci
ng

Lear
ning t
o i
nfer (
draw concl
usi
ons) i
s cr
uci
al t
o gai
ning r
eadi
ng
compr
ehensi
on.Par
tofpr
epar
ing st
udent
sto meetCol
l
ege and Car
eer
Readi
nessSt
andar
dsi
nEngl
i
shLanguageAr
ts(
ELA)i
nvol
veshel
pingt
hem
become adeptati
ntegr
ati
ng and ev
aluat
ing i
nfor
mat
ioni
nav
ari
ety of
di
ff
erent medi
afor
mat
s.To hel
p st
udent
s become comf
ort
abl
e wi
th
mul
ti
medi
a,i
tis usef
ult
oincor
por
atei
tint
oyouri
nst
ruct
ion wher
ever
possi
ble.Pr
ovi
ding v
ari
ed means ofr
epr
esent
ing i
nfor
mat
ion (
Uni
ver
sal
Desi
gnf
orLear
ning)canhel
pimpr
ovey
ourst
udent
s'accesst
ocompl
ext
ext
s.

Mul
ti
medi
areadi
ngmat
eri
alsandenv
ironment
sof
ferav
ari
etyoff
lexi
ble
suppor
ts.Thesesuppor
tscanbeespeci
all
ybenef
ici
alf
orst
udent
sast
hey
r
ead r
ich,cont
ent
-ar
ea t
ext
sin hi
stor
y,soci
alst
udi
es,sci
ence,and
mat
hemat
ics,andencount
eracademi
cvocabul
aryt
hati
sunf
ami
l
iart
othem.
Checkout"
Usi
ngi
nYourCl
assr
oom"f
ori
deasoni
ntegr
ati
ngt
heset
ool
sint
o
y
ourt
eachi
ng.

I
ncur
rentr
esear
chonr
eadi
ngt
est
ing,subst
ant
ialat
tent
ionhasbeenpai
dto
assessi
ngst
udent
s'hi
gh-
lev
elr
eadi
ngabi
l
iti
es,
incl
udi
ngsy
nthesi
s,i
nfer
ence,
ev
aluat
ionandcr
eat
ivi
ty.Whet
herst
udent
scanshowt
hei
rhi
gh-
lev
elr
eadi
ng
abi
l
iti
esi
sdi
rect
lyr
elat
edt
othet
extsel
ect
ionf
orr
eadi
ngt
est
ing,whi
chal
so
i
nfl
uencesaut
hent
icr
eadi
ngi
nst
udent
s'dai
l
yli
fe.Buti
tisunl
i
kel
ytot
aphi
gh-
l
evelr
eadi
ng abi
l
iti
es by usi
ng pl
aint
ext
s wr
it
ten i
n a si
mpl
e and
st
rai
ght
for
war
d way
.Focus ofdi
scussi
on:I
n or
dert
o assess hi
gh-
lev
el
r
eadi
ngabi
l
ityef
fect
ivel
y,t
hisst
udyexami
nest
hecr
it
eri
aoft
extsel
ect
ionf
or
r
eadi
ngt
est
ing.Ar
gument
s:Di
scussi
oni
sel
abor
atedf
rom t
hreeaspect
s:

(
1)Languageexpr
essi
on.Text
sshoul
dincl
udewor
dst
hatar
enewl
ylear
ned
orcanbeguessedaccor
dingt
othecont
ext
.Al
so,t
her
eshoul
dbesent
ences
ofdi
ff
erentst
ruct
ures,wr
it
tencohesi
vel
ywi
thappr
opr
iat
erhet
ori
caldev
ices
anddi
ver
seexpr
essi
onway
s.

(
2)St
ruct
ure.I
tissuggest
edt
oconst
ructt
ext
swi
thdi
ff
erentl
ogi
calr
elat
ions,
such as descr
ipt
ion,combi
nat
ion,causat
ion and compar
ison.Di
scour
se
mar
ker
sandsent
encesdenot
ingt
extst
ruct
uresshoul
dbei
ncl
udedaswel
l
.

(
3)Cont
ent
.Texti
nfor
mat
ionshoul
dbel
argeenoughandembeddedwi
th
new i
nfor
mat
ion,humani
sti
cfeat
uresori
mpl
i
cat
ions.Att
hemeant
ime,i
t
mustbeguar
ant
eedt
hatt
ext
sar
ecompr
ehensi
blet
ost
udent
swi
thadequat
e
knowl
edgeandcogni
ti
veabi
l
itysot
hati
tisf
airf
oral
lst
udent
stobet
est
ed.

Howev
er,Har
ri
s1979:
68-
69st
atest
hatwr
it
ingcont
ainsf
ivecomponent
s,
namel
y:

1.Cont
enti
sthesubst
anceofwr
it
ing;
theexpr
essi
onoft
hemai
nideauni
ty.

2.For
misr
elat
edt
othel
ogi
cal
organi
zat
ionoft
hecont
entcoher
ence.

3.Gr
ammari
srel
atedt
otheusageoft
hecor
rectgr
ammat
icalf
orm and
sy
ntact
icpat
ter
ns.

4.St
ylei
srel
atedt
othechoi
ceofst
ruct
ureandl
exi
cali
temst
ogi
vea
par
ti
cul
art
oneorf
lav
ort
othewr
it
ing.

5.Mechani
csi
sconcer
nedwi
tht
heuseofgr
aphi
cconv
ent
ionoft
hel
anguage.
I
nthi
sresear
ch,
theconcept
spr
oposedbyJacobetal
areappl
i
edaccor
dingl
y
becauset
heseconcept
sar
efai
reri
nscor
ingeachaspectofwr
it
ingast
hey
ar
eel
abor
atedi
nthenextpar
ts.

Al
thought
echnol
ogi
eshav
eaf
fect
edcr
eat
ivi
ty,communi
cat
iont
echnol
ogi
es
hav
eimpr
ovedt
hequal
i
tyofwor
kforsomewr
it
ers.Somewr
it
ersar
eabl
eto
uset
hei
nter
netef
fect
ivel
ytocov
ert
hei
rtopi
cscompr
ehensi
vel
y.Thei
nter
net
i
ncr
eases t
he speed atwhi
ch wr
it
ers getr
elev
anti
nfor
mat
ion f
ort
hei
r
manuscr
ipt
s.

Pr
inci
plesf
orTeachi
ngGoodWr
it
ing

*
Est
abl
i
shandmai
ntai
nfocus.

*
Str
uct
urecont
entf
orpur
pose,
clar
it
y,andf
low.

*
Dev
elopi
deaswi
thor
igi
nal
i
tyandi
nsi
ght
.

*
Inj
ectper
sonal
i
tywi
thi
ntent
ional
wor
dchoi
ceandcol
orf
ulphr
asi
ng.

*
Demonst
rat
econt
rol
oft
heexpect
ati
onsoft
hel
anguage.

Assessi
ngwr
it
ingi
scer
tai
nlycompl
ex.Cl
earandwel
l
-def
inedr
ubr
icsadd
st
ruct
ureandsi
mpl
i
ficat
iont
othi
spr
ocess,andt
hat
’swhywer
equi
rehi
gh-
qual
i
tyr
ubr
icsf
rom t
eacher
sonTheGr
aideNet
wor
k.Weal
sot
akegr
eatpr
ide
i
nthequal
i
tyandpr
ofessi
onal
i
sm t
hatourhi
ghl
yvet
tedGr
aider
sbr
ingt
othei
r
wor
k.