FLUOR Lesson05 - Pumps Turbins

PIPING DESIGN LAYOUT TRAINING
LESSON 5
PUMPS & TURBINES
Page 1 of 34
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5. PUMPS & TURBINES
5.1 PREFACE
This lesson will cover the procedures required for pump equipment, their drivers and the piping
connected to them. Two things to keep in mind; first, use Fluor's standards as a guide, and second, the
guidelines mentioned in this lesson may be different than jobs you may have worked on in the past.
Some clients have their own engineering standards.
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5.1.1 Lesson Objectives
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Lessons provide self-directed piping layout training to designers who have basic piping design skills.
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Training material can be applied to manual or electronic applications. Lesson objectives are:
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• To familiarize you with the more commonly used pumps, how they operate and some of their uses.
• To know the types of pump drivers.
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To know how to determine where pumps should be located.
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• To make pump studies avoiding major mistakes and costly changes, and to show you some of the
pitfalls that cause them.
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• To familiarize yourself with Fluor's standards on pumps and drivers. (Fluor's standards are a guide;
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the standards used on your contract may differ.
• To know procedures for checking foreign prints of pumps and turbines.

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5.1.2 Lesson Study Plan

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Take the time to familiarize yourself with the lesson sections. Part of your training will be to complete
the study exercise in the back of the lesson plan. The exercise may be done manually or electronically.
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The following information is provided to support this lesson:

• Previous lesson plans; e.g. Pipe Stress Lesson #1
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• Fluor Technical Practices. The following Fluor Technical Practices are included in this lesson
guide:
000.250.2040
000.250.2040
000.250.2350
000.250.2351
000.250.2352
000.250.2353
000.250.2360
• It should take you approximately 30 hours to read this lesson plan, complete the exercise and be
prepared to take the lesson test.
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• If you have layout questions concerning this lesson your immediate supervisor is available to assist
you. If you have general questions about the lesson contact the Piping Staff Group.
5.1.3 Study Aid
Videos on Piping Design Layout Practices supplement your layout training. It is suggested that you
view these videos prior to starting the layout training. You may check-out a copy of the videos from the
Knowledge Centre (Library).
5.1.4 Proficiency Testing
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You will be able to take a self test to determine your comprehension of this lesson. The test and
answers are at the end of this lesson.
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The dictionary definition of a pump is a device for raising, transferring or compressing fluids or gases by
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suction or pressure. A mechanical means of moving a liquid or solid from one point to another.
5.2 CLASSES OF PUMPS
1. Centrifugal Horizontal ip
Vertical
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In-line
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2. Rotary Gear
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3. Reciprocating Piston
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Plunger (Simplex and Duplex)

Piston Diaphragm
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5.2.1 Centrifugal Pumps

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The centrifugal pump uses centrifugal force to develop a pressure rise for moving a liquid.
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The centrifugal pump is the most commonly used pump in the petroleum and chemical industry. It is
normally more economical due to a low initial cost with low maintenance cost. Its design allows great
flexibility in flow rates and pressure ranges, etc. The centrifugal pump has a uniform or non-pulsating
flow.
With a single stage centrifugal pump the liquid comes through the suction nozzle to the impeller, which
is rotating, and forces the liquid outward through the discharge nozzle (See Figure #5-1).
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Figure #5-1
Centrifugal Pump
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A multistage centrifugal pump is used where a high pressure difference is required. A multistage pump
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has two or more impellers. The liquid comes into the suction nozzle to the first stage or impeller to the
second impeller, and so on until it flows out the discharge nozzle. Pressure is increased through each
stage See Figure #5-2.
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Figure #5-3 shows you a typical centrifugal horizontal, and vertical in-line pump.
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Figure #5-2
Multi-Stage Centrifugal Pump
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Typical Horizontal Centrifugal Pump
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Typical In-line Vertical Pump
Figure #5-3
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5.2.2 Rotary Pumps
A rotary pump is a positive displacement pump consisting of a fixed casing containing gears, cams,
screws, vanes, plungers, or similar elements actuated by rotation of the drive shaft. These pumps are
characterized by their close running clearances.
The most commonly used rotary pumps in the petroleum and chemical industry are the gear and screw.
The rotary pump has a smooth flow; it traps the liquid and pushes it to the discharge point.
Gear Pump
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In a gear pump the liquid comes in the suction nozzle and fills the area between the teeth and pump
case, and with the rotation of the gear, the liquid moves to the discharge nozzle. See Figure #5-4A.
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Screw Pump
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In a screw pump the liquid comes into the suction and is pushed through to the discharge nozzle. See
Figure #5-4B.
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Figure #5-4A Figure #5-4B

Gear Pump Screw Pump
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5.2.3 Reciprocating Pumps
The reciprocating pump is also a positive displacement type pump. It has a pulsating flow. This pump
is used mostly to inject additives (metering and proportioning) in very small amounts and are high
pressure, such as chemical injection into boilers, process vessels and equipment. Some of the
different types of reciprocating pumps are piston, plunger, and piston diaphragm. See figure #5-5A for
a reciprocating piston pump.
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Figure #5-5A
Reciprocating Piston Type Pump
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Let's look at plunger pumps. The liquid is such that when the plunger moves back toward the crank,
the liquid fills the chamber. When the plunger moves forward, it pushes the liquid out the discharge.
The simplex plunger type has one suction and one discharge.
The duplex plunger type, as shown in Figure #5-5B, is two pumps mounted on a common baseplate
driven by a common (one) driver.
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Figure #5-5B
Duplex Plunger Type Pump
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5.3 PUMP DRIVERS
5.3.1 Electric Motor

In the area of drivers for pumps, the electric motor is the most commonly used type of driver
(See Figure #5-6A).
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Figure #5-6A
Typical Electric Motor Pump Driver
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5.3.2 Steam Turbine

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Next to the electric motor, the steam turbine is the second most commonly used type of driver.
The steam comes in the turbine and turns the wheel and shaft. The shaft connects to the pump
shaft and drives the pump (See Figure #5-6B).
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Figure #5-6B
Typical Steam Turbine Pump Driver
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Gas or oil also can be used as a driving medium for turbines. Some of the reasons for using turbines
are:
(a) Electric power failure possibilities
(b) Surplus steam makes operation more economical
(c) Limited electrical power
You might have a condition where you have a surplus of steam and it would be more economical to use
steam turbines to drive the pumps.
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5.3.3 Diesel or Gas Engine
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Another type of driver you may come in contact with is the diesel or gas engine, as shown in Figure #5-
6C. It is used mostly in the area of fire protection to assure the supply of water. In case of fire, you
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could lose your electricity or steam supply and still have water supply to fight the fire.
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Figure #5-6C
Diesel or Gas Engine Pump Driver
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5.4 PUMP LOCATION

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Review "Design Requirements - Pumps" Spec 000.250.50001.
The pump should be located as close as possible to the source of suction. The main reason for this is
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to minimize pressure drop. This keeps line sizes and equipment elevations to a minimum.
Due to support availability, most pumps in process areas are located under the pipeway. Care must be
taken to ensure there is enough clearance for maintenance, passageways, or walkways. Vertical or
horizontal vessels must be elevated high enough to allow pump suction lines to drop from the
equipment to the pump without pockets or blocking passageways (See Figure #5-7, 0002502040
attachment 2, Section Thru Pipeway - Standard Arrangement).
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5.5 MAIN CONSIDERATIONS IN MAKING A PUMP STUDY
1. Source of suction
2. Clearances
3. Piping flexibility
5.5.1 Suction Source
The process engineer determines the height of suction sources by the Net Positive Suction Head
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(N.P.S.H.). This is the liquid head required to keep the pump suction primed and pumping properly.
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Top suction is normally used for an overhead suction source. End and side suction is normally used for
a suction source from grade.
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When locating a pump where the suction source is low, the pump should be located close to the
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equipment (See Figure #5-8).
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Figure #5-8
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Pump Piping from Low Suction Source
When locating a pump where the suction source is from overhead; e.g. vertical, horizontal vessel, etc,
the pump should be located close to the equipment (See Figure #5-7).
If you come across situations where space is limited, consider locating the pump on the opposite side
of the pipeway. Verify with Process Engineering before proceeding because of possible excessive
pressure drop.
5.5.2 Clearances
The following pump clearances are from the P.D.G. - Technical Practice 000.250.2040
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The minimum walkway clearance around pumps will be 2'-6" [see Figure #5-9 and #5-10 (C1.1)].
The minimum clearance for a fork lift or similar equipment is 6'-0" horizontal by 8'-0" vertical. For
portable manual equipment operation provide 3'-0" horizontal by 8'-0" vertical [see Figure #5-7 (C1.2)].
The minimum clearance for mobile equipment access (hydraulic cranes, trucks, etc.) is 10'-0" horizontal
by 10'-0" vertical [see Figure #5-7 (C1.3)].
For pumps extending under the pipeway, a minimum of 10'-0" clearance is required between pumps at
opposite sides of the rack. This clearance need not be in a straight line down a series of pumps under
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the rack [see Figure #5-7(C4.1)].
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For General Piping Arrangement see Figure #5-9.
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• Clearance over the top of the pump is required for maintenance if the removal of the pump or motor
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is by means of an "A" frame, Austin Western, etc.
• On large pumps where a heavy duty crane is required for maintenance, consideration should be
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given to locating out from under the pipeway.
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As another means of removing large pumps where no clearance is available, consider using a
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monorail.
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Figure #5-9
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* Minimum clearance of 3'-0" is required between pumps. The 3'-0" dimension is a minimum
requirement between adjacent equipment, foundation or other obstructions.
** 2'-6" is the minimum walkway, although you must have 3'-0" horizontal by 8'-0" vertical clearance if
manual maintenance equipment (portable A-frame, etc.) will be used. Consideration must be given
to small associated bore piping (drain, seal, etc.) to ensure adequate accessibility is provided.
Breakouts may be required in these piping systems to allow for pump removal and/or maintenance.
Where you have a pump that is side suction, side discharge, or steam turbine, (not shown) remember
your clearance is going to be from the piping to the obstruction. These types of pumps take up more
room than a top suction-discharge and end suction pumps.
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For space allocations at support columns see Figure #5-10, 000.250.2040, attachment 3,. Space
Allocations at Support Columns
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5.5.3 Piping Flexibility
Piping flexibility affects pump location.

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The stress check of suction lines could affect the location of the pumps. Moving the pump location may
give more flexibility. This can also have an effect on your vessel orientation (the suction nozzle
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location).
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If possible, do not overlap the pump and pipe support foundations, as it causes structural design
problems in combining foundations. Use your job standards for pump location, clearance, etc. They
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may be considerably different from Fluor's standards.
5.6 PUMP SUCTION PIPING

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Pump Suction Piping - refer to P.D.G. - Technical Practice 250 2350; Pumps and Turbines - Typical
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Piping Arrangement for Centrifugal Pumps (See Typical Piping Arrangement for Centrifugal Pumps,
000.250.2350).
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Pump Suction types: Top

Side
End
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When the source is low, piping can determine the elevation of the pump foundation; check this in your
study.
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A low suction source (i.e., when pulling suction from a tank) will have an end or side suction pump.
Pipe routing must step continuously down to the pump. Do not pocket suction lines, as this creates air
pockets which:
1. Cavitates the pump

2. Causes vibration
3. Pits the impeller
When there is an elevated suction source, the type of pump can be end, top, or side suction.
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Suction lines often determine the height of horizontal and vertical vessels due to minimum headroom or
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N.P.S.H.
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The suction nozzle is normally one size smaller than line size with a line size block valve. If the nozzle
is 2 or more sizes smaller, check with the process engineer. In this case the block valve would be one
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size smaller than line size. This is due to a combination of economics and pressure drop.
The connection on the pump can be either top, side, or end. Normally, economics, hydraulics, or
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suction source determines the location. Economics is based on the relative costs of the pump and
piping. Hydraulics is based on the suction head requirement. Suction source is the location of the
suction origin.
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This isn't very likely, however, you may have the opportunity early in the job to make a selection of, let's
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say, end or top suction. If the line requires support, you may want to go to end suction pumps.
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5.6.1 Pumps in the Tankage Area
For location of pumps in the tank farm area:

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1. Group together if economical

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2. Make accessible for maintenance and operation

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3. Locate outside of berm area
In the routing of the suction lines, the preferred method would be to drop from the tank to the pumps.
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Avoid a direct run from the tank into the suction nozzle. This can cause problems in overstress of the
pump connection (See Figure #5-12).
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Figure #5-12
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5.6.2 Settlement and Flexibility
A big problem in the tankage area is the tank settlement. You may have a tank, which will settle 18"
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over a five year period. When your are routing the suction line, the line will have to be designed to take
the settlement by means of:
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Adding enough pipe in the system.

Adding special joints such as ball type or swivel.
The tank on the right in Figure #5-12 shows the alternate routing to acquire the flexibility. There is an
anchor point where the line goes through the berm.
5.6.3 Support of Piping
In the tankage area, the supporting of piping is normally by:
Pipe sleepers
Field supports
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5.6.4 Flexibility of Suction Lines
One of the biggest problems in routing of pump suction lines is piping flexibility. The piping has to be
flexible to keep from overstressing the pump connection. Per your stress lesson, the rule of thumb for
figuring allowable dead weights and forces on nozzles is 200-lbs/nom. inch of nozzle size on cast steel
pumps. For cast iron or aluminum pumps it is 50-lbs/nom. inch of nozzle size.
These limits keep the pump shaft from becoming misaligned. Shaft tolerance is a maximum of 15
thousandths. Misalignment causes pump failure. Both the bearings and the motor can be burned out.
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For design of piping for flexibility, refer to the P.D.G. - Technical Practice 000.250.2210, 000.250.2220,
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000.250.2221, 000.250.2230 and 000.250.2240. Also refer to stress information from lesson one.
(See Figure #5-13).
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Figure #5-13
Pump suction piping flexibility
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5.6.5 Pump Suction Strainers
Refer to P.D.G. - Technical Practice 000.250.2360, see Figure #5-14, Pumps and Turbines, Strainers,
Pump Suction, Conical and specifications 000.250.50001 - Process and Utility Piping Design, Layout
and Drawing, and 000.250.50025 - Shop Fabrication and Handling - Process and Utility Piping.
Temporary strainers shall be provided in butt weld pump suction lines 2" and larger for use during start-
up. Permanent Y-type strainers shall be provided on screwed or socket weld pump suction piping 2"
and smaller.
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The reason for the strainer is to protect the pump from mechanical damage. There will be all kinds of
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items in the line such as nuts, bolts, weld slag, etc.
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The conical strainer is used as a temporary start-up strainer on butt-welded suction lines 2" and larger.
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The strainer location should be as close as possible to the pump suction nozzle. Some jobs require the
apex of the cone to point upstream. Check for clearances from the apex of the cone to valves, the
inside wall of elbows, etc. (See Figure #5-15, Detail of Pump Suction Line with Temporary Startup
Strainer).
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Make sure the strainer can be removed. This figure shows you a conical strainer when installed
between block valves and a pump nozzle. There has to be enough room to remove the strainer after
start-up (See Figure #5-16).
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Figure #5-16
Temporary Start-up Strainer Removal
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5.6.6 Line Reduction at Pumps

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Refer to P.D.G. - Technical Practice 000.250.2351, Reduction at Pump Suction (Figure #5-17)
Normally on top suction pumps the reducers are concentric unless there is a clearance problem
between the suction and discharge lines, then eccentric reducers can be used.
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5.7 SUPPORTING OF TOP SUCTION PUMP PIPING
Refer to Stress information in lesson one and P.D.G. - Technical Practice 000.250.2150, Base
Supports, Base Anchors and Concrete Pads; 000.250.2154, Hanger Rods.
Top suction pumps are normally supported overhead from a pipeway strut. If possible, use a strut that
is normally provided at pipe support columns.
You may have to add a strut to get support. The type could vary from rod hanger to spring hanger.
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It is the responsibility of the layout person to ensure there is enough clearance to install the rod hanger
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or spring hanger. (See Figure #5-18)
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Figure #5-18
Support of Top Suction Pump Piping
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5.8 SUPPORTING OF END SUCTION PUMP PIPING
On end suction pumps, one of the first items to look at is if there is a settlement problem.
If there is no settlement problem, then field support from grade or paving.
If there is a settlement problem, field support from the pump foundation or a pad integral with the pump
foundation. In most cases, this will eliminate settlement problems. The stress group will note this
requirement on stress sketches.
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The reason for this is that if there is a settlement problem, the field support pad may settle more than
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the pump pad or vice versa. Of course, if the field support pad settles and the pump does not, then the
pump nozzle will be the support and will more than likely overload the nozzle causing shaft
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misalignment.
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On the top, end, side, or whatever kind of pump it is, the layout persons' responsibility to see that if
support pads are required, the information is given to the proper department (Structural)
(See Figure #5-19).
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Figure #5-19
Support of End Suction Pump Piping
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5.9 MULTI-SERVICE PUMPS
Pumps can be used for more than one service, such as pulling suction from one source and
discharging to three different locations or multi-service suction, which is using a pump for more than
one service (See Figure #5-20).
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Figure #5-20
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Multi-Service Pumps
5.10 VALVE HANDWHEELS
Refer to P.D.G. - Technical Practice 000.250.2031 and 000.250.2040. Valve handwheels shall be
oriented, whenever possible, to be contained within the perimeter of the pump.
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Figure #5-21, Handwheel Rotation Back Over Top of Pump shows the handwheel back over the top of
the pump. You could rotate the handwheel if necessary for better access. You may work on a job
where clients' requirements may not allow the handwheels over the pump.
Pump valves are operating valves. Keep them as low as possible. If bottom of handwheel is over 7'-0"
above high point of paving or grade, provide chain operation or other means of operation.
5.11 PUMP DISCHARGE PIPING
Refer to P.D.G. - Technical Practice 000.250.2350 - Pumps and Turbines-Typical Piping Arrangement
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for Centrifugal Pumps (See Figure #5-11).
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Pump Discharge Types: Top
Side
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The discharge nozzle is normally smaller than the suction flange. The reducer is normally concentric,
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but if a clearance problem comes up between the suction and discharge piping, then the use of an
eccentric reducer may relieve the problem. The check valve is used to prevent backflow on centrifugal
pumps that could cause damage to the pump and driver.
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Check valves can be the vertical or horizontal type. Some check valves must be mounted in the
horizontal position. Your material spec. will note this when required. Other check valves may also be
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located in the horizontal on larger lines to remove the dead load on the discharge nozzle.
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Block valves isolate the pump from the piping to provide maximum access for both in place
maintenance or removal. A block valve is an operating valve and should be kept as low as possible. If
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bottom of handwheel is over 7'-0" above high point of paving or grade, provide a chain operator or other
means of operation.
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The discharge valves should be placed in the riser above the discharge nozzle unless:
(1) the flange facings are such (T & G, etc.) as to be troublesome in the removal of the spool for
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maintenance,
(2) the block valve will be too high to reach or cause interference with the pipeway, etc.,
(3) valves will cause an overload on the nozzle, in which case a spring hanger will remove the dead
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load (See Figure #5-22, Centrifugal Pump Top Suction/Top Discharge).

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5.11.1 Support of Discharge Piping
Refer to stress information in Lesson One and P.D.G. - Technical Practices 000.250.2150, Base
Supports, Base Anchors and Concrete Pads & 000.250.2154, Hanger Rods.
The two most common methods of support are:
Turn and place the check valve in the horizontal and roll the line so that the riser can be supported
from grade with a field support. This is also a valid solution on top suction lines. However, keep in
mind our general suction rule, "as short and direct as possible" (See Figure #5-22).
Rise vertically from the nozzle and support directly over the riser.
When supporting from overhead, remember there will have to be enough clearance to install a
spring hanger or hanger rod.
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5.11.2 Flexibility of Discharge Piping
The first thing we will touch on is flexibility. This figure shows a straightforward routing of a 10"
discharge line: out of the discharge nozzle, through the check and gate valve, up, over and into the
pipeway.
This is a simple routing, but the routing will be changed to get enough flexibility in the line (See Figure
#5-23).
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Figure #5-23
Discharge Piping
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This figure shows you what it takes to have enough flexibility in the 10" discharge line to keep from
overloading the pump. There are spring hangers, an anchor, twice as much pipe, and the pipe has
taken up more space.
Keep this in mind; this problem must be ironed out in the study stage, not in the model review or
checking/audit stages (See Figure #5-24).
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Figure #5-24
Discharge Piping With Flexibility
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5.12 SIDE SUCTION AND SIDE DISCHARGE PUMP
The side suction and side discharge pump is normally a multi-stage pump. These will take up more
space because of the side piping.
This pump is a horizontal split case. The top case can be removed for maintenance on this type of
pump. Keep the top of the pump clear (See Figure #5-25).
r
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Figure #5-25
Centrifugal Pump: Horizontal Split Case
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LESSON 5
PUMPS & TURBINES
Page 26 of 34
15/11/2002 Rev. 0
5.13 VERTICAL PUMP (WET WELL PUMP)
This pump removes liquid from a sump. The normal uses of this pump are:
1. Cooling tower basins
2. Storm and oily water sewer collection sumps
3. Cooling water reservoirs for specific equipment
r
The pump can be rotated for the most suitable economical arrangement. The discharge flange can be
.i
in the horizontal or vertical plane.
g
Keep the piping clear of the pump removal space envelope. The discharge line should be supported so
that the pump can be removed. Keep clearance overhead so that the pump can be removed (See
in
Figure #5-26).
ip
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Figure #5-26
Vertical Centrifugal (Wet Well) Pump
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LESSON 5
PUMPS & TURBINES
Page 27 of 34
15/11/2002 Rev. 0
5.14 BARREL OR CAN PUMP (DRY WELL PUMP)
These are normally used when the source of suction would have to be elevated to get proper N.P.S.H.
As an example of such a case, if we had a propane sphere, it would not be economical to elevate the
sphere 10'-0" in height to get the required N.P.S.H. for the pump to operate. The barrel pump goes into
the ground.
The impeller is located at the bottom. Keep piping clear overhead for pump removal and maintenance,
etc. (See Figure #5-27).
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Figure #5-27
Vertical Centrifugal Barrel/Can (Dry Well) Pump
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LESSON 5
PUMPS & TURBINES
Page 28 of 34
15/11/2002 Rev. 0
5.15 IN-LINE PUMP
ThIs type of pump has two advantages:
• Eliminate many stress problems.
• Maneuverability in location when there is no foundation required.
The piping can support the light weight in-line pump. On heavy pumps, a foundation will be required.
On the in-line pump where a foundation is required, the pump cases are not usually anchored to the
r
foundation. They are free to move N-S and E-W, and the foundation just supports the vertical weight.
.i
The Stress Department determines if a foundation is required based on piping support locations (See
Figure #5-28). Remember: even in-line pumps without foundations must have locations given to the
g
Electrical Department so they can provide a motor control stand.
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Figure #5-28
Inline Centrifugal Pump
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LESSON 5
PUMPS & TURBINES
Page 29 of 34
15/11/2002 Rev. 0
5.16 RECIPROCATING PUMP PIPING
Refer to P.D.G. - Technical Practice 000.250.2352 - Pumps and Turbines-Pump Piping (Steam)
Turbines and Reciprocating Pumps (See Figure #5-30).
When piping this type of pump, care must be exercised due to the pulsating flow. These lines should
run close to the ground so that hold-downs can be used. Pulsation dampeners may also be installed in
the lines.
Figure#5-29 shows two large reciprocating pumps, but beware of the small ones also. Check with the
r
Stress Group and the Mechanical Engineer for requirements of hold-downs regardless of the pump size
.i
before beginning the layout (See Figure #5-29).
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Figure #5-29
Reciprocating Pump Piping
5.17 TURBINE DRIVER PUMP PIPING
Refer to P.D.G. Technical Practices 000.250.2352 - Pump Piping (Steam) Turbines and Reciprocating
Pumps (See Figure #5-30).
5.17.1 Manual Control - Nonfreezing Conditions
All valves on this installation must be hand operated. Traps on the turbine are not required. An
operator drains the condensate before starting the turbine.
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LESSON 5
PUMPS & TURBINES
Page 30 of 34
15/11/2002 Rev. 0
Supply and return lines should always come off of the top of the header. This assures us of getting the
driest steam possible from the header.
Let's run through the steam supply. The line comes off of the top of the supply header. There is a
bootleg for the trapping of condensate. This is to further minimize the possibility of condensate entering
the turbine. Condensate could cause damage to the turbine. Then there is a block valve; and then the
line runs into the turbine. Locate the block valve as close as possible to the inlet.
Most turbines have a built in strainer to protect the turbine from damage. Some clients require a Y-type
strainer between the block valve and turbine.
r
Before we cover the exhaust line, let's cover the drain requirements. A drain is required on the turbine
.i
case or the exhaust line, whichever is lower (the turbine casing or exhaust invert).
g
The exhaust line comes out of the turbine, through a block valve and into the top of a header. The
block valve keeps steam from backing up into the turbine when the turbine is not operating. It also
in
isolates the turbine for maintenance or removal.
5.17.2 Manual Control Freezing Conditions

ip
The prime difference between the non-freezing and freezing conditions is steam traps, which of course
remove condensate automatically, not allowing the condensate to freeze.
P
5.17.3 Automatic Pump Start-Up, Freezing or Non-Freezing Conditions
n
Automatic start-up means that there is a control valve on the inlet side that can be opened or shut off
ra
automatically.
Let's take a case where the steam turbine is a spare or standby. If there were a power failure and the
.I
main pump went down, this would automatically, by means of instrumentation, open control valves to
let steam enter the turbine.
w
With this type of arrangement, we would have to keep the system free of condensate by means of
steam traps. The block valve on the exhaust line is locked open. The reason for this, of course, is that
w
the exhaust line is open to exhaust steam all of the time.
If steam was automatically turned on and the block valve was closed, this could cause damage to the
w
turbine case. With the block valve locked open, condensate could form in the exhaust line or turbine
case, whichever is lower, and would be removed by steam traps.
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LESSON 5
PUMPS & TURBINES
Page 31 of 34
15/11/2002 Rev. 0
5.17.4 Flexibility
Here again we are dealing with the line tying to rotating equipment, and to make the conditions worse,
they are hot lines. These lines are going to have to be flexible enough to keep from overstressing the
nozzles (See Figure #5-30).
5.18 SEQUENCE FOR RECEIVING DIMENSIONAL OUTLINE
1. Process engineer issues the pump calculation sheet to the pump mechanical engineer. This is
typically done shortly after process flow diagrams are completed. This calculation sheet
r
contains the operating conditions for one specific service. The process engineer may also
.i
specify a pump type and materials if there is a preference.
g
2. Mechanical engineer normally determines pump type based on calculation sheet information.
The engineer completes the "Pump Data (Specification) Sheet" for the "Request for Quotation"
in
(RFQ). The engineer typically completes the information noted as "to be completed by
purchaser."
ip
3. Mechanical engineer then selects possible vendors based on available catalog information.
4. Mechanical engineer provides preliminary information; i.e. catalog cut, similar pump outline, etc.
P
This gives Piping very preliminary information which can be used for plot development or
possible pump study work. The pump list refers to a Mechanical Engineering Drawing (M.E.D.)
n
number. This drawing provides a visual picture of the proposed pump.

ra
5. Mechanical engineering then completes the RFQ that is then issued to several vendors. Each
vendor completes their portion of the Pump Specification Sheet and all other RFQ documents.
They give Fluor a price, pump model, and size which they offer for that particular service. The
.I
vendors submit the specification sheets and quote sheets to Fluor for consideration.
w
6. Mechanical engineering will issue revised information to Piping if vendor's recommendation

significantly impacts us or differs from the preliminary information previously provided. More
accurate information from vendors is now available. Piping and other disciplines review this
w
updated preliminary dimensional outline.
7. Mechanical engineering places order to selected vendor. Approximately six to eight weeks later
w
Fluor receives a Certified Dimensional Outline (C.D.O.).
8. When C.D.O. is in-house, it is routed for squad check. Piping will be included on the routing of
the squad check. Any questions or problems we have can be discussed with the mechanical
engineer. We formally squad check the C.D.O. Once all pertinent groups have completed
squad checking, the drawing is transmitted back to the vendor. Piping and other disciplines will
receive a copy of the squad-checked drawing.
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LESSON 5
PUMPS & TURBINES
Page 32 of 34
15/11/2002 Rev. 0
5.19 SQUAD CHECKING VENDOR DRAWINGS
5.19.1 Pump Outline
While doing pump studies, you are going to be asked to squad check reference copies of the foreign
prints on pumps. Here are some of the items you should be looking for:
1. Check Nozzle Sizes and Ratings
r
(a) Verify with the spec. sheet.
.i
(b) Check vendor's dimensions, if given: i.e., flange diameter and number of bolt holes.
g
2. Discharge or Suction Nozzle is Dimensioned to the Pump Base Bolt Holes
in
If not given, request on the foreign print.
3. Overall Dimensions
ip
P
(a) Length and width.
(b) If turbine driven (may require the turbine outline to determine).
n
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4. Not Necessary to Check the Foundation Hole, Coupling, etc.
5. Auxiliary Piping Connections

.I
(a) Verify with the pump spec. for requirements.

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(b) Check if the outline identifies and sizes connections.

(c) Turbine connections normally shown on the turbine outline drawing.
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(For a typical Pump Outline see the Exercise Section of this lesson.)
w
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LESSON 5
PUMPS & TURBINES
Page 33 of 34
15/11/2002 Rev. 0
5.20 PUMP DATA SHEETS
Let's take a look at the pump data sheet. It will give you the type of pump, size of connection, rating,
facing, position, if a turbine or motor drive, and auxiliary connections. The information on the data
sheet, foreign print, and flow diagram should all agree (For an example see attached Centrifugal Pump
Data sheet, sheets 1 through 9, in the Exercise Section of this lesson).
Most pumps require auxiliary piping of some type: such as a bed plate drain, pump vent drains, coolant
lines, flushing lines, etc. There can also be auxiliary requirements on turbines.
r
Figure #5-31, Miscellaneous Pump Piping Coolant, Flush Oil, Vent and Drain will show you some
.i
cooling requirements to pumps. There is the open system and the closed system. The water on the
open system goes into the sewer, the closed system is returned back to the cooling water return
g
system.
in
We are not going into any detail on auxiliary piping, but be aware that such piping does exist.
5.21 SUMMARY
ip
This lesson, by no means, can possibly cover all the design problems with which you will be confronted.
However, coverage of many of the basic procedures have been presented which should assist you in
P
your development of the pump study. Following this procedure and using the Fluor standards as a
guide will make your task much easier. Other than the points mentioned, the most valuable asset you
n
can have as a designer is to develop an inquiring mind and pursue each problem to its conclusion.
Remember that when you have failed to make a proper study, someone has to spend additional time to
ra
correct your error; whether it is in the study or checking stage. Proper design study enables the follow
on tasks to be accomplished in an orderly and timely manner.
.I
5.22 STEPS TO ACCOMPLISH PUMP EQUIPMENT STUDY

w
1. Update your flow diagram from the "master."
2. Compare the pump outline to the flow diagram and data sheet to surface discrepancies such as:
w
horizontal centrifugal shown on the flow diagram and the spec. sheet calls for in-line.
w
3. Calculate elevations.
(a) Nozzles.
(b) Pump anchor.
4. Work out your flexibility between the pumps on scratch paper. This could determine your pump
spacing.
(a) "Best guess" elevations to and from other equipment.

Calculate vertical growth. From the force nomograph determine the bend leg required
horizontally between the pumps. Total vertical force on the nozzle also includes dead
weight. If this creates a problem, a spring hanger will relieve dead weight.
(b) Determine if the vertical leg is adequate to absorb one-half or one-quarter (if you branch
falatghareh.ir
falatghareh.ir
LESSON 5
PUMPS & TURBINES
Page 34 of 34
15/11/2002 Rev. 0
from the center in a hot/cold situation) of the growth of your horizontal leg between the
pumps.
5. Now pump spacing is set based on flexibility. Verify this spacing will satisfy operation and
maintenance passageways.
6. Study piping transposition and pick a pipeway bay that works out best with the suction
source. If the bay is empty of other "at grade" piping, then center your predetermined pump
spacing in that bay.
r
7. Commence the actual study. You must be accurate and draw to scale. However, don't
.i
worry about drafting quality, linework, or lettering if your study is manual. "Rough and dirty",
but legible and complete.
g
8. If the discharge line runs in the pipeway, design the routing so as not to restrict the pipeway
in
designer when he berths lines.
9. Pumps may have some miscellaneous piping for coolant, flush oil, vents and drains. Care
ip
should be taken to provide adequate clearances around and access too this piping. Piping
should be routed so as not to hinder maintenance to the pump driver or pump casing. (See
P
Figure #5-31).
n
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LESSON 4
PUMPS & TURBINES
Page 30 of 34
15/11/2002 Rev. 0
Supply and return lines should always come off of the top of the header. This assures us of getting the
driest steam possible from the header.
Let's run through the steam supply. The line comes off of the top of the supply header. There is a
bootleg for the trapping of condensate. This is to further minimize the possibility of condensate entering
the turbine. Condensate could cause damage to the turbine. Then there is a block valve; and then the
line runs into the turbine. Locate the block valve as close as possible to the inlet.
Most turbines have a built in strainer to protect the turbine from damage. Some clients require a Y-type
strainer between the block valve and turbine.
r
Before we cover the exhaust line, let's cover the drain requirements. A drain is required on the turbine
.i
case or the exhaust line, whichever is lower (the turbine casing or exhaust invert).
g
The exhaust line comes out of the turbine, through a block valve and into the top of a header. The
block valve keeps steam from backing up into the turbine when the turbine is not operating. It also
in
isolates the turbine for maintenance or removal.
5.17.2 Manual Control Freezing Conditions

ip
The prime difference between the non-freezing and freezing conditions is steam traps, which of course
remove condensate automatically, not allowing the condensate to freeze.
P
5.17.3 Automatic Pump Start-Up, Freezing or Non-Freezing Conditions
n
Automatic start-up means that there is a control valve on the inlet side that can be opened or shut off
ra
automatically.
Let's take a case where the steam turbine is a spare or standby. If there were a power failure and the
.I
main pump went down, this would automatically, by means of instrumentation, open control valves to
let steam enter the turbine.
w
With this type of arrangement, we would have to keep the system free of condensate by means of
steam traps. The block valve on the exhaust line is locked open. The reason for this, of course, is that
w
the exhaust line is open to exhaust steam all of the time.
If steam was automatically turned on and the block valve was closed, this could cause damage to the
w
turbine case. With the block valve locked open, condensate could form in the exhaust line or turbine
case, whichever is lower, and would be removed by steam traps.
falatghareh.ir
falatghareh.ir
LESSON 4
PUMPS & TURBINES
Page 31 of 34
15/11/2002 Rev. 0
5.17.4 Flexibility
Here again we are dealing with the line tying to rotating equipment, and to make the conditions worse,
they are hot lines. These lines are going to have to be flexible enough to keep from overstressing the
nozzles (See 000.250.2352).
5.18 SEQUENCE FOR RECEIVING DIMENSIONAL OUTLINE
1. Process engineer issues the pump calculation sheet to the pump mechanical engineer. This is
typically done shortly after process flow diagrams are completed. This calculation sheet
r
contains the operating conditions for one specific service. The process engineer may also
.i
specify a pump type and materials if there is a preference.
g
2. Mechanical engineer normally determines pump type based on calculation sheet information.
The engineer completes the "Pump Data (Specification) Sheet" for the "Request for Quotation"
in
(RFQ). The engineer typically completes the information noted as "to be completed by
purchaser."
ip
3. Mechanical engineer then selects possible vendors based on available catalog information.
4. Mechanical engineer provides preliminary information; i.e. catalog cut, similar pump outline, etc.
P
This gives Piping very preliminary information which can be used for plot development or
possible pump study work. The pump list refers to a Mechanical Engineering Drawing (M.E.D.)
n
number. This drawing provides a visual picture of the proposed pump.

ra
5. Mechanical engineering then completes the RFQ that is then issued to several vendors. Each
vendor completes their portion of the Pump Specification Sheet and all other RFQ documents.
They give Fluor a price, pump model, and size which they offer for that particular service. The
.I
vendors submit the specification sheets and quote sheets to Fluor for consideration.
w
6. Mechanical engineering will issue revised information to Piping if vendor's recommendation

significantly impacts us or differs from the preliminary information previously provided. More
accurate information from vendors is now available. Piping and other disciplines review this
w
updated preliminary dimensional outline.
7. Mechanical engineering places order to selected vendor. Approximately six to eight weeks later
w
Fluor receives a Certified Dimensional Outline (C.D.O.).
8. When C.D.O. is in-house, it is routed for squad check. Piping will be included on the routing of
the squad check. Any questions or problems we have can be discussed with the mechanical
engineer. We formally squad check the C.D.O. Once all pertinent groups have completed
squad checking, the drawing is transmitted back to the vendor. Piping and other disciplines will
receive a copy of the squad-checked drawing.
falatghareh.ir
falatghareh.ir
LESSON 4
PUMPS & TURBINES
Page 32 of 34
15/11/2002 Rev. 0
5.19 SQUAD CHECKING VENDOR DRAWINGS
5.19.1 Pump Outline
While doing pump studies, you are going to be asked to squad check reference copies of the foreign
prints on pumps. Here are some of the items you should be looking for:
1. Check Nozzle Sizes and Ratings
r
(a) Verify with the spec. sheet.
.i
(b) Check vendor's dimensions, if given: i.e., flange diameter and number of bolt holes.
g
2. Discharge or Suction Nozzle is Dimensioned to the Pump Base Bolt Holes
in
If not given, request on the foreign print.
3. Overall Dimensions
ip
P
(a) Length and width.
(b) If turbine driven (may require the turbine outline to determine).
n
4. Not Necessary to Check the Foundation Hole, Coupling, etc.

ra
5. Auxiliary Piping Connections

.I
(a) Verify with the pump spec. for requirements.

w
(b) Check if the outline identifies and sizes connections.

(c) Turbine connections normally shown on the turbine outline drawing.
w
(For a typical Pump Outline see the Exercise Section of this lesson.)
w
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falatghareh.ir
LESSON 4
PUMPS & TURBINES
Page 33 of 34
15/11/2002 Rev. 0
5.20 PUMP DATA SHEETS
Let's take a look at the pump data sheet. It will give you the type of pump, size of connection, rating,
facing, position, if a turbine or motor drive, and auxiliary connections. The information on the data
sheet, foreign print, and flow diagram should all agree (For an example see attached Centrifugal Pump
Data sheet, sheets 1 through 9, in the Exercise Section of this lesson).
Most pumps require auxiliary piping of some type: such as a bed plate drain, pump vent drains, coolant
lines, flushing lines, etc. There can also be auxiliary requirements on turbines.
r
000.250.2353, Miscellaneous Pump Piping Coolant, Flush Oil, Vent and Drain will show you some
.i
cooling requirements to pumps. There is the open system and the closed system. The water on the
open system goes into the sewer, the closed system is returned back to the cooling water return
g
system.
in
We are not going into any detail on auxiliary piping, but be aware that such piping does exist.
5.21 SUMMARY
ip
This lesson, by no means, can possibly cover all the design problems with which you will be confronted.
However, coverage of many of the basic procedures have been presented which should assist you in
P
your development of the pump study. Following this procedure and using the Fluor standards as a
guide will make your task much easier. Other than the points mentioned, the most valuable asset you
n
can have as a designer is to develop an inquiring mind and pursue each problem to its conclusion.
Remember that when you have failed to make a proper study, someone has to spend additional time to
ra
correct your error; whether it is in the study or checking stage. Proper design study enables the follow
on tasks to be accomplished in an orderly and timely manner.
.I
5.22 STEPS TO ACCOMPLISH PUMP EQUIPMENT STUDY

w
1. Update your flow diagram from the "master."
2. Compare the pump outline to the flow diagram and data sheet to surface discrepancies such as:
w
horizontal centrifugal shown on the flow diagram and the spec. sheet calls for in-line.
3. Calculate elevations.
w
(a) Nozzles.
(b) Pump anchor.
4. Work out your flexibility between the pumps on scratch paper. This could determine your pump
spacing.
(a) "Best guess" elevations to and from other equipment.

Calculate vertical growth. From the force nomograph determine the bend leg required
horizontally between the pumps. Total vertical force on the nozzle also includes dead
weight. If this creates a problem, a spring hanger will relieve dead weight.
(b) Determine if the vertical leg is adequate to absorb one-half or one-quarter (if you branch
falatghareh.ir
falatghareh.ir
LESSON 4
PUMPS & TURBINES
Page 34 of 34
15/11/2002 Rev. 0
from the center in a hot/cold situation) of the growth of your horizontal leg between the
pumps.
5. Now pump spacing is set based on flexibility. Verify this spacing will satisfy operation and
maintenance passageways.
6. Study piping transposition and pick a pipeway bay that works out best with the suction
source. If the bay is empty of other "at grade" piping, then center your predetermined pump
spacing in that bay.
r
7. Commence the actual study. You must be accurate and draw to scale. However, don't
.i
worry about drafting quality, linework, or lettering if your study is manual. "Rough and dirty",
but legible and complete.
g
8. If the discharge line runs in the pipeway, design the routing so as not to restrict the pipeway
in
designer when he berths lines.
9. Pumps may have some miscellaneous piping for coolant, flush oil, vents and drains. Care
ip
should be taken to provide adequate clearances around and access too this piping. Piping
should be routed so as not to hinder maintenance to the pump driver or pump casing. (See
P
000.250.2353).
n
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.I
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falatghareh.ir
falatghareh.ir
This copy is intended for use solely with
Practice 000 250 2040
Piping Design Layout Training.
For other purposes, refer to the original document
Date 11Feb00
available through Knowledge Online.
Page 1 of 5
PLANT ARRANGEMENT - TYPICAL UNIT PLOT ARRANGEMENT
PURPOSE
This practice establishes recommended guidelines to assist the Piping Designer for
development of a unit plot arrangement.
SCOPE
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This practice is arranged in the following major sections:
.i
• RESPONSIBILITY
• ARRANGEMENT OF EQUIPMENT
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• EQUIPMENT AND PIPEWAY CLEARANCES
in
• PIPEWAY LAYOUT
• REFERENCES
• ATTACHMENTS
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APPLICATION
This practice is to be used as a guideline for the development of the unit Plot Plan.
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RESPONSIBILITY
It is the Lead Piping Supervisor's responsibility to ensure that this guideline is
followed, along with any specific client requirements.
.I
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ARRANGEMENT OF
EQUIPMENT
Note!!! The numbers enclosed in parentheses below refer to specific notes in circles
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on Attachments 01, 02, and 03.
Equipment Structures
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The plant layout of equipment shall utilize common structures for equipment vessels
and pumps. As a rule single installation of equipment will not require a structure.
Vertical Vessels
Vertical vessels (A1) will be on a given centerline established by the largest vessel.
The shell of the largest vessel will be 2'- 0" from the aisleway reference line.
Vessels that are considered larger than the average vessel (A1.1) in a unit, will be
established independently with the shell located 2'- 0" from the aisleway reference
line.
Manways in vertical vessels will normally be located on the side of the vessel away
from the pipe rack. This leaves the pipe rack side clear for pipes going to and from
the rack. Ladders will be located on either side of the vessel.
/0002502040.doc Piping Engineering
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Practice 000 250 2040
This copy is intended for use solely with Date 11Feb00
For other purposes, refer to the original document Page 2 of 5
Stacking two or more vertical vessels shall be investigated. This investigation shall
consider the process conditions (commodities, temperatures, pressures), vertical
height limitations, and piping layout for economic advantages. The stacking of
vessels requires the acceptance of Process and Vessel engineering.
Horizontal
r
Vessels
Horizontal vessels (A2) will have the head of the largest vessel line up with the
.i
aisleway reference line. All other horizontal vessels in the same vicinity will have a
common tangent line coordinate with the largest vessel. It may be economical for
g
adjacent vessels to share a common saddle coordinate to utilize a common
foundation.
in
The minimum elevation from grade is usually shown on the P&ID if it is critical for
process reasons. If no elevation is expressed and minimum is required, care should
Exchangers
be taken to allow adequate clearance for piping.
ip
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Shell and tube heat exchangers (A3.1) will be lined up with their channel heads away
from the pipeways, so that tube withdrawal is toward the outside of the unit.
n
The shell heads will be lined up so that the largest head is in line with the aisleway
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reference line. All other exchangers are to be lined up to have a common channel
nozzle coordinate. It may be economical for adjacent exchangers to share a common
saddle coordinate to utilize a common foundation.
.I
"G"- fin or fin tube type exchangers will be located (A3.2) with the centerline of the
shell nozzles lined up and located such that all piping remains clear of the aisleway
w
reference line.
Horizontal reboilers (A3.3) will preferably be located next to the equipment they
service.
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Pumps
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Locate pumps close to the equipment from which they take suction (A4.1). Pumps
handling flammable products are not to be located under pipeways carrying major
product lines, air coolers, or vessels. Pumps handling non-flammable products may
be located under pipeways and air cooled exchangers.
Pumps located between pipeways and equipment row should be located to avoid
being hazardous to pipeway and equipment. Industrial Risk Insurers IM.2.5.2 (IRI)
indicates the minimum distance to be 10 feet clear (A4.2); this distance should be
verified by the clients requirements.
Layout pump suctions and discharges on common centerlines, allowing the use of
common pipe supports (A4.3).
Aircoolers
Aircoolers will normally be located above the pipeways (A5).
falatghareh.ir
falatghareh.ir
Practice 000 250 2040
This copy is intended for use solely with Date 11Feb00
Furnaces
Furnaces should be located upwind or sidewind from the rest of the unit and be
separated by at least 50 feet.
Compressors
Compressors should be located downwind from the rest of the unit, be separated
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from the other equipment, and preferably not located in an enclosed building.
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Valve Manifolds
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Operational valve manifolds, control valve manifolds and utility stations (A6) are to
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be located for operability and access.
EQUIPMENT AND
PIPEWAY CLEARANCES ip
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Walkways
2'- 6" horizontal by 7'- 0" vertical (C1.1).
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Aisleway
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For forklift or similar equipment 6'- 0" horizontal by 8'- 0" vertical. For portable
manual equipment operation 3'- 0" horizontal by 8'- 0" vertical (C1.2).
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Access Way
Mobil equipment access (hydraulic cranes, trucks, etc.) 10'- 0" horizontal by 10'- 0"
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vertical (C1.3).
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Flange Clearance
Between adjacent equipment (example: shell and tube heat exchangers) 1'- 6"
clearance between flanges if no other access is required (C2).
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Foundation Footings
Minimum (2'- 6") walkway clearances are required between foundations of any
equipment and any adjacent equipment or piping.
Pump Clearances
For pumps extending under the pipeways, a minimum 10'- 0" (C4.1) clearance is
required between pumps at opposite sides of the rack. This clearance need not be in
a straight line down a series of pumps under the rack.
Minimum clearance of 3'- 0" is required between pumps (C4.2). The 3'- 0"
dimension is a minimum requirement between adjacent equipment, foundation or
piping.
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Practice 000 250 2040
Date 11Feb00
Page 4 of 5
Exchanger Clearances
Clear aisleway for exchanger shell head removal will be 6'- 0" when using a fork lift
truck or portable "A" frame (C4.3).
3'- 0" clear platform is required when using a mobile crane positioned at channel end
to remove shell cover (C4.3.1).
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3'- 0" clear when shell cover is fixed and removal is not required.
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Miscellaneous Clearances
Platforms will be 1'- 0" minimum clear of piping or pipeway (C4.4.1). Allow
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clearance for drain funnels in front of pumps (C4.4.2).
Road Clearances
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The requirements for drainage ditches or underground pipeway easement may
increase the dimension from the edge of roads to equipment (C5).
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PIPEWAY LAYOUT
For pipeway support elevations (P1), refer to Practice 000.250.2041: Plant
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Arrangement - Pipeway Layout - Allowable Pipe Spans.

• Pipe support spacings shall be maximized using the limits of pipe spans and
structural integrity.
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Location of electrical and instrument raceways will be determined by one of the

following:
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• When electrical is located primarily aboveground (P2.1), raceways for electrical

and instruments will be located as shown (vertical or horizontal, with horizontal
being the alternate location), taking care not to interfere with pipe turn-outs and
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expansion loops.
• On projects where electrical is predominately aboveground, the top level of the
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pipeway (P2.2) will be reserved for electrical and instrument raceways.

Drop space (P3), if required, for utility, steam trap, or vent piping drop space width
is set by minimum clearance for largest line and may be on either or both sides of
pipeway as required.
The centerline of line drops (P4) will normally be 2'- 0" from centerline of P.S.
column or end of cantilever, whichever is applicable. Special consideration needs to
be given to large diameter lines.
Width of rack (P5) will be determined by the flow diagram transposition.
Refer to Practice 000.250.2010: Plant Arrangement - Flow Diagram Transposition

Instructions.
For pipe support spacing (P6), refer to Practice 000.250.2041.
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Practice 000 250 2040
Date 11Feb00
Page 5 of 5
REFERENCES
Piping Engineering
Practice 000.250.2005: Plant Arrangement - Plot Plan Development
Instructions
Piping Engineering
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Practice 000.250.2010: Plant Arrangement - Flow Diagram Transposition
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Instructions
Piping Engineering
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Practice 000.250.2015: Plant Arrangement Location Control Plan
Instructions
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Piping Engineering
Practice 000.250.2041: Plant Arrangement - Pipeway Layout – Allowable
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Pipe Spans
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ATTACHMENTS
Attachment 01: (11Feb00)
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Unit Plot Arrangement

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Section Thru Pipeway, Standard Arrangements
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Space Allocation At Support Columns

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Client Name Master Specification 000 250 50001
Project Name Date 18Jan00
Contract Number This copy is intended for use solely with Page 1 of 16
For other purposes, refer to the original document Revision
PROCESS AND UTILITY PIPING DESIGN, LAYOUT, AND DRAWING
This specification has been revised as indicated below and described in the revision record on the following
page. Please destroy all previous revisions.
Revision Date Originator's Reviewed/Checked By Pages

No. Name & Initials Name & Initials
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APPROVALS SIGNATURES DATE
Lead Engineer
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Project Manager:
Client Approval:
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ISSUED FOR : Construction Other

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00025050001.doc Piping Engineering
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Record of Revisions
Revision Date Description
No.
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Contract Number Piping Design Layout Training.
Page 3 of 16
1.0 GENERAL
1.1 Summary
A. Scope of Specification
This specification prescribes the design of above ground pressure piping systems,
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equipment layout, pipe routing, and drawing practices for refineries, chemical plants, and
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similar facilities (except plumbing inside of buildings).
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B. Related Specifications
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The following specifications prescribe items of related Work:
• 000.210.02720: Storm Sewer Systems And Culverts
• 000.210.02730: ip
Sanitary Sewer Systems
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• 000.245.45001: Fire Protection Design Criteria For Refinery And
Petrochemical Facilities
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• 000.250.50003: Piping-Material Specification Line Class-Process And Utility

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Piping
• 000.250.50025: Shop Fabrication And Handling-Process And Utility Piping

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• 000.250.50026: Field Fabrication And Installation Process And Utility Piping

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• 000.250.50027: Piping Tie-Ins
•
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000.250.50030: Geographic Color Coding
• 000.250.50050: Piping Pressure Testing

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• 000.250.50112: Packaged Equipment Piping
• 000.250.50200: Piping Flexibility
• 000.250.50300: Heat Tracing For Piping, Equipment, And Instruments
• 000.285.50028: Internal Cleaning Of Piping Systems
• 000.285.86110: Hot Insulation
• 000.285.86130: Cold Insulation
• 000.285.86210: Painting
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Project Name This copy is intended for use solely with
Date 18Jan00
Contract Number Piping Design Layout Training. Page 4 of 16
Coordinate Work prescribed by this specification with Work prescribed by the above
listed specifications.
1.2 References
The following referenced publications form part of this specification. Each publication is the
latest revision and addendum in effect at the time of the project's execution unless noted
otherwise. Except as modified by the requirements specified herein or the details of the drawings,
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all Work included in this specification shall conform to the applicable provisions of the following
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referenced publications:
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A. Applicable Codes
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1. ASME/ANSI (American Society of Mechanical Engineers/American National
Standards Institute) Code for Pressure Piping, B31.3: Chemical Plant and Petroleum
Refinery Piping.
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Note!!! The limits of piping covered by codes other than ASME/ANSI B31.3 shall
be indicated on the P&IDs (piping and instrumentation diagrams). This
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specification may be used with other sections of the ASME/ANSI B31
Code and Section 1 of the ASME Code, where applicable.
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2. OSHA Part 1910.

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3. National Fire Protection Association, Code No. 30.
4. Applicable plumbing, heating and ventilation, or refrigeration codes for piping

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serving buildings and areas other than plant or process areas.

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5. Sour service piping (subject to sulfide stress cracking) shall be in accordance with
NACE specification MR0175.
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B. Design Documents
Detail and specification numbers in this specification refer to Fluor Daniel practices and
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specifications, respectively.
1.3 Quality Assurance
A. Approved department design guidelines and methods are used in conjunction with project
requirements to achieve the desired level of quality.
B. Project piping engineers and piping design supervisors monitor, review, and control the
design and planning activities of personnel assigned to the project to ensure that
applicable codes, practices, and specifications are being followed to meet project quality
goals.
C. Quality criteria shall be reviewed constantly during design planning activity.
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2.0 PRODUCTS
2.1 Materials
A. Piping material shall be in accordance with Specification 000.250.50003; note any

deviations on the piping drawings. Prepiped or packaged items shall be in accordance
with Specification 000.250.50112.
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B. Install flat face flanges against flat face cast iron valves and equipment.
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C. Locking devices for valves shall be provided by the client.
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D. Minimum pipe size shall be 1/2 of an inch, except for connections to equipment.
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E. Do not use pipe sizes 1-1/4 inch, 2-1/2 inch, 3-1/2 inch, and 5 inch except for connections
to equipment.
2.2 Design Summary ip

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A. Base relation of units, location of equipment, and routing of pipe on economics, safety,
ease of maintenance, operation, and construction requirements. The alignment of
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equipment and routing of pipe shall offer an organized appearance.

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B. Major lines normally shall be carried on overhead pipeways. In certain instances, they
may be buried, providing they are adequately protected. Lines that must be run below
grade, and must be periodically inspected or replaced, shall be identified on the P&IDs;
Place these lines in covered concrete trenches. Cooling water may be run above or below
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ground, based on economics. Domestic or potable water shall be run underground. Pipe
support spacings shall be maximized using the limits of pipe spans and structural
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integrity.
C. Do not provide space for future equipment, pipe, or units unless required by the client or
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for process considerations. This requirement shall be indicated on the plot plan and
P&IDs.
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D. Avoid dead ends, especially for piping where solids or fluids may congeal or form
corrosive condensate.
E. The location and spacing of offsite storage tanks and dike requirements shall be in
accordance with National Fire Protection Association, Code No. 30, and OSHA part
1910.106 (b), where applicable. Spacing may be increased for construction requirements.
F. Normally, route piping in offsite areas on sleepers. Stagger the sleeper elevations to
permit ease of crossing or change of direction at intersections. Flat turns may be used
when entire sleeperways change direction.
G. Group offsite equipment, pumps, and exchangers to permit economical pipe routing.
Locate this equipment outside of diked storage areas, except where indicated otherwise
on the P&IDs.
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Revision
H. Locate cooling towers downwind of buildings and equipment to keep spray from falling
on them. Orient the short side of the tower into the prevailing summer wind for
maximum efficiency. Locate cooling towers a minimum of 100 feet from process units,
utility units, fired equipment, and process equipment.
I. Locate the flare stack upwind of process units, with a minimum distance of 200 feet from
process equipment, tanks, and cooling towers. If the stack height is less than 75 feet,
increase this distance to a minimum of 300 feet. These minimum distances shall be
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verified by Fluor Daniel Process Engineering.
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J. Keep the loading and unloading facilities that handle flammable commodities a minimum
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of 200 feet from process equipment, and 250 feet from tankage.
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K. Piping flexibility shall be in accordance with Specification 000.250.50200.
L. The plant layout of equipment shall utilize common structures for equipment, vessels,
M.
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and pumps. As a rule single installation of equipment will not require a structure.
Project Specifications shall be reviewed and modified as necessary to reduce the Total
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Installed Cost on a project by using alternative Piping materials & components and
alternative Pipeline fabrication & installation methods. Examples of these alternatives
include the use of pipe bends instead of elbows and the use of hydraulically installed
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LOKRING ™ Fittings.
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2.3 Design Requirements
A. Pumps
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1. Locate pumps close to the equipment from which they take suction.
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2. Design piping to provide clearance for pump or driver removal. Similarly, on end
suction pumps, piping shall permit removing suction cover and pump impeller while
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the suction and discharge valves are in place.
3. Arrange suction lines to minimize offsets. The suction lines shall be short and as
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direct as possible, and shall step down from the equipment to the pump. Suction
lines routed on sleeperways may rise to pump suction nozzle elevation, subject to
approval of Fluor Daniel Process Engineering.
4. Orient valve handwheels or handles so they will not interfere with pump
maintenance or motor removal. Valve handwheels or handles shall be readily
operable from grade.
B. Exchangers
1. Group exchangers together wherever possible.
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2. Limit stacked shell and tube exchangers to four shells high in similar service;
however, the top exchanger shall not exceed a centerline elevation of 18 feet above
high point of finished surface, unless mounted in a structure.
3. Keep channel end and shell covers clear of obstructions such as piping and structural
members to allow unbolting of exchanger flanges, and removal of heads and tube
bundles.
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4. Locate reboilers as close as possible to the equipment they serve.
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5. Normally, locate air coolers above pipeways.
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C. Vessels and Columns
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1. Wherever possible, locate piping at columns radially about the columns on the
pipeway side; locate manway and platforms on the access side. Manways should be
2.
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on or about a common centerline to make use of a common lifting device or davit.
Provide platforms at manways above 15 feet centerline elevation from high point of
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finished surface. The maximum distance for ladder runs and space between offset
platforms shall be 30 feet.
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3. Position platforms so the manhole centerline is no less than 2 feet above the
platform, with 2'- 6" preferred. The bottom of the manhole entry shall not be more
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than 3'- 6" above the platform.
4. Provide combined platforms, where practical and economical, at multiple tower

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arrangements with common manway elevations.

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5. Provide vessel davits for handling items such as internals and relief valves on vessels
exceeding a height of 30 feet above the high point of the finished surface, and on
vessels not accessible by mobile crane. Orient davits to allow the lowering of
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appurtenances into the access area.
6. Wherever possible, orient level instruments on the side toward the pipeway.
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7. Stacking two or more vertical vessels shall be investigated. This investigation shall
consider the process conditions (commodities, temperatures, pressures), vertical
height limitations, and piping layout for economic advantages. The stacking of
vessels requires the acceptance of Process and Vessel engineering.
D. Fired Equipment
1. Locate fired equipment, if practical, so that flammable gases from hydrocarbon and
other processing areas cannot be blown into the open flames by prevailing winds.
2. Locate snuffing steam manifolds and fuel gas shutoff valves a minimum of 50 feet
horizontally from the heaters they protect.
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Revision
3. Burner Valving
a. Floor Fired Furnaces: Combination oil and gas firing valves shall be operable
from burner observation door platform. For those fired by gas only, the valves
shall be near the burner and shall be operable from grade.
b. Side Fired Furnaces: Locate firing valves so they can be operated while the
flame is viewed from the observation door.
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4. Terminate heater stacks a minimum of 15 feet above any platform within a radius of
40 feet.
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5. Access and platforming requirements shall be in accordance with the contract fired
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equipment narrative specification.
6. Pressure relief doors and tube access doors shall be free from obstructions. Orient
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pressure relief doors so as not to blow into adjacent equipment.
The elevation of the bottom of the heater above the high point of the finished surface
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shall be in accordance with the contract fired equipment narrative specification.
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E. Reciprocating Compressors
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1. Suction and discharge lines that are subject to vibration (mechanical and acoustical)
normally shall be routed at grade and held down at points established by analysis of
the system.
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2. Accessibility and maintenance for large lifts such as cylinder, motor rotor, and piston
removal shall be by mobile equipment.
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3. Clean suction lines internally per Specification 000.285.50028. The extent of

cleaning shall be indicated on the P&IDs.
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4. Horizontal, straight line, reciprocating compressors shall have access to cylinder

valves. Access shall be from grade or platform if required.
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5. Depending on unit size and installation height, horizontal-opposed and gas engine
driven reciprocating compressors may require full platforming at the operating level.
6. The sizing, routing, supporting, and restraining of the suction and discharge piping is
subject to review by means of an analog computer study, as outlined in the
compression specifications.
F. Centrifugal Compressors
1. Top suction and discharge lines either shall be routed to provide clearance for
overhead maintenance requirements, or shall be made up with removable spool
pieces.
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2. Locate lube and seal oil consoles adjacent to and as close as possible to the
compressor. Oil return lines from the compressor and driver shall have a minimum
slope of 1/2 inch per foot to the inlet connection of seal traps, degassing tanks, and
oil reservoir. Review the equipment arrangement for access and operation.
3. Pipe the reservoir, compressor bearing, and seal oil vents to a safe location at least
6 feet above operator head level.
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4. Heavy parts such as upper or inner casing and rotor shall be accessible to mobile
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equipment.
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5. Support piping so as to minimize dead load on compressor nozzles; the load shall be
within the recommended allowance of API-617.
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6. Clean suction lines internally per Specification 000.285.50028. The extent of
cleaning shall be indicated on the P&IDs.
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Centrifugal compressors shall have full platforming at operating level.
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G. In-Line Instruments
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1. Locate liquid level controllers and level glasses so as to be accessible from grade,
platform, or permanent ladder. The level glass shall be readable from grade
wherever practical.
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2. Relief valves shall be accessible. Wherever feasible, locate them at platforms that
are designed for other purposes. Relief valves with a centerline elevation over
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15 feet above high point of finish surface (except in pipeways) shall be accessible
from platform or permanent ladder.
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3. Install thermal relief valves, 1 inch and smaller, in a horizontal position when it is
impractical to install in the vertical position. Install relief valves, 1 1/2 inch and
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larger, in a vertical position.
4. Normally, install relief valves that discharge to a closed system higher than the
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collection header. There shall be no pockets in the discharge line.
5. Relief valves that discharge to the atmosphere shall have tail pipes extended to a
minimum of 8 feet above the nearest operating platform that is within a radius of
25 feet. This requirement may be waived, provided a review of the proposed
arrangement indicates that it does not present a hazard.
6. Review relief valves discharging hydrocarbon vapors to the atmosphere within

100 feet of fired equipment for vapor dissipation.
7. Provide steam traps at pocketed low points and at dead ends of steam headers. Also,
provide traps on excessively long runs of steam piping, for sufficient condensate
removal, and to ensure dry quality steam at destination. Steam traps located more
than 15 feet above high point of finish surface, except in pipeways, shall be
accessible from the platform.
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Page 10 of 16
8. Indicate control, block, and bypass valve sizes on the P&IDs. Control valves shall
be accessible from grade or platforms. In general, the instruments or indicators
showing the process variables shall be visible from the control valve.
9. Orifice runs should be located in the horizontal. Vertical orifice runs may be used
with the approval of Fluor Daniel Control Systems Engineering. Orifice flanges with
a centerline elevation over 15 feet above the high point of finished surface, except in
pipeways, shall be accessible from a platform or permanent ladder.
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10. Locate orifice taps shall be located as follows:
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a. Air and Gas [- Top vertical centerline (preferred)]
[- 45 degrees above horizontal centerline (alternate)]
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b. Liquid and Steam [- Horizontal centerline (preferred)]
[- 45 degrees below horizontal centerline (alternate)]
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The piping isometrics details shall show the required tap orientations.
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H. Temperature and Pressure Instrument Accessibility and Visibility
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1. Temperature test wells located less than 15 feet above high point of finished surface
shall be accessible from grade or a portable ladder. Those located in a pipeway shall
be considered accessible by a portable ladder. Those located over 15 feet above high
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point of finished surface shall be accessible from a platform or permanent ladder.
2. Temperature indicators shall be visible from grade, ladder, or platform.

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3. Thermocouple and temperature indicators located less than 15 feet above high point
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of finished surface shall be accessible from grade or a portable ladder. Those located
in a pipeway shall be considered accessible by portable ladder. Those over 15 feet
above high point of finished surface shall be accessible from a platform or permanent
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ladder.
4. Local pressure indicators shall be visible from grade, permanent ladder, or platform.
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Those located less than 15 feet above high point of finished surface shall be
accessible from grade or a portable ladder. Those located in a pipeway shall be
considered accessible by portable ladder. Those over 15 feet above high point of
finished surface shall be accessible from a platform or permanent ladder.
2.4 Plant Operation
A. Valve Operation
1. Indicate operating valves requiring attention, observation, or adjustment during

normal plant operation on the P&IDs with the symbols O.V. They shall be located
so as to be within reach from grade, platform, or permanent ladder.
2. Operating valves may be chain-operated if the bottom of handwheel is over 7 feet

above high point of finished surface or operating platform.
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3. The centerline of handwheel or handles on block valves used for shutdown only,
located less than 15 feet above high point of finished surface, and those located in
pipeways, may be accessible by portable ladder.
4. The centerline of handwheel or handles on block valves used for shutdown only and
located over 15 feet above high point of finished surface, except those located in
pipeways, shall be operable from permanent ladder or platform.
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5. In general, keep valve handwheels, handles, and stems out of operating aisles.
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Where this is not practical, elevate the valve to 6'- 6" (plus or minus 3 inches) clear
from high point of finished surface to bottom of handwheel.
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6. Utility piping systems (air, water, steam, condensate, and nitrogen) going into
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separate process units shall have a battery limit block valves with a line blind only.
Individual block valves to users within the process units are not required unless
specified by the Client or Process engineering.
B. Sample Connections ip
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1. Provide sample and test connections as indicated on P&IDs. They shall be readily
accessible from grade or platform.
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2. In general, where liquid samples are taken in a bottle, locate the sample outlet above
a drain funnel to permit free running of the liquid before sampling.
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3. Note samples that require cooling on the P&IDs, and provide a cooler.
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C. Vents and Drains

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1. The P&IDs shall indicate and size the vents, drains, and bleeds required for plant
operation, except as noted in section C3 below.
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2. Provide plugged hydrostatic vents and drains without valves at the high and low
points of piping.
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3. Provide valved bleeds at control valve stations, level switches, level controllers, and
gauge glasses per job standard.
D. Line Strainers
1. Provide temporary conical type strainers in 2 inch and larger butt weld pump suction
lines for use during startup. Arrange piping to facilitate removal.
2. Use permanent Y-type strainers on 2 inch and smaller screwed or socket weld pump
suction piping.
3. Provide temporary basket type strainers located at the suction pulsation device inlet
for startup of reciprocating compressors. Arrange piping to facilitate removal of the
strainer.
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4. Provide temporary basket type strainers and locate them as close as possible to the
compressor inlet flange for startup of centrifugal compressors. Arrange piping to
facilitate removal of the strainer.
E. Insulation
Hot insulation for piping and equipment shall be in accordance with Specification
000.285.86110; cold insulation, with Specification 000.285.86130.
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F. Insulation Shoes
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1. Provide insulation shoes where a line crosses a support for hot insulated piping in the
following categories only:
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a. Aluminum lines.
b.
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3 inch and larger carbon and alloy steel lines with design temperatures over
650 degrees F.
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2. Large diameter lines (20 inches and over), stainless steel lines where galvanic
corrosion may exist, lines with wall thickness less than standard weight, and vacuum
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lines shall be analyzed to determine if shoes or wear plates are needed.

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G. Cradles
Provide cradles at supports for insulated lines in cold service and for acoustical
applications.
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H. Personnel Protection
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1. Provide eyewash and emergency showers in areas where operating personnel are
subject to hazardous sprays or spills, such as acid. Indicate these items on the
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P&IDs.
2. Provide personnel protection at uninsulated lines and for equipment operating above
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140 degrees F when they constitute a hazard to the operators during the normal
operating routine. Lines that are infrequently used, such as snuffing steam and relief
valve discharges, do not require protective shields or coverings.
3. Note valve and flange shields, if required, in the piping material specifications.
2.5 Maintenance
A. Clearances
Minimum clearances for equipment, structures, platforms, and supports shall be in

accordance with the following table:
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ITEM DESCRIPTION
ROADS Headroom for primary access roads (from the crown) ..................... 21' - 0"
Width of primary access roads excluding 5 foot shoulders ............. 20' - 0"
Headroom for secondary roads (from the crown) ............................ 12' - 0"
Width of secondary roads excluding 3 foot shoulders ..................... 10' – 0"

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Clearance from edge of road shoulders to platforms, equipment,
pipe associated with equipment, or similar features ........................... 5' - 0"
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RAILROADS Headroom over through-railroads (from top rail) ........................... **22' - 6"
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Clearance from track centerline to obstruction ................................ **10' - 0"
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MAINTENANCE Horizontal clearance for equipment maintenance by hydraulic
AISLEWAYS AT GRADE crane (12T capacity) .......................................................................... 10' - 0"
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Vertical clearance for equipment maintenance by hydraulic crane
(12T capacity) .....................................................................................
Horizontal clearance for fork lift (5000 lbs capability) and similar
12' - 0"
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equipment ........................................................................................... 6" - 0"
Vertical clearance for fork lift (5000 lbs capability) and similar
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equipment ........................................................................................... 8' – 0"

Horizontal clearance for equipment maintenance by portable
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manual equipment (A-frames, hand trucks, dollies, or similar

equipment) .......................................................................................... 3' - 0"
Vertical clearance for equipment maintenance by portable manual
equipment (A-frames, hand trucks, or similar equipment) ................. 8' - 0"
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WALKWAYS Horizontal clearance, not necessarily in a straight line .................... 2' - 6"
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Headroom (except for handwheels) ................................................. 7' - 0"

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PLATFORMS Minimum width ............................................................................... 2' - 6"

Minimum clearance around any obstruction on the platforms ......... 1' - 6"

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Headroom ......................................................................................... 7' - 0"

Maximum vertical distance between platforms ................................ 30' - 0"
EQUIPMENT Minimum maintenance space required between flanges of

exchangers or other equipment arranged in pairs ................................ 1' - 6"
Minimum maintenance space required for structural member or
pipe ..................................................................................................... 1' - 0"
Clearance from edge of road shoulder (the extreme projection) ...... 5' - 0"
FIRED EQUIPMENT Horizontal clearance from hydrocarbon equipment (shell to shell) . 50' - 0"
Exception: Reactors or equipment in alloy systems shall be
located for economical piping arrangement.
Clearance from edge of roads to shell .............................................. 10' - 0"
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ITEM DESCRIPTION
PIPE Clearance between the outside diameter of flange and the outside
(aboveground) diameter of pipe insulation .................................................................. *0' - 1"
Clearance between the outside diameter of pipe, flange, or
insulation and structural member ........................................................ *0' - 2"
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[** Verify conformance with local regulations] *With full consideration of thermal movements
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B. Accessibility
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1. Provide a means of egress (a continuous and unobstructed way of exit travel) from
any point in a building, elevated equipment, or structure.
2.
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Provide a secondary means of escape where the travel distance from the furthest
point on a platform to an exit exceeds 75 feet.
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3. Access to elevated platforms shall be by permanent ladder. The need for stairways
shall be determined by platform elevation, number of items requiring attention,
observation and adjustment, and the frequency of items. Indicate stairways at
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structures on the plot plan.

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4. Provide safety cages and ladders per applicable details of Practice 000.215.5130
(Structural) and Practice 000.258.58045 (Vessels).
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5. Ladder safety devices such as safety belts and harnesses, may be used on boiler, flare
stack, water tank, and chimney ladders over 20 feet in unbroken lengths in lieu of
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cage protection and landing platforms [Refer to OSHA 1910.27 (d)(5)].
6. Arrange equipment, structures, and piping to permit maintenance and service by

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means of mobile equipment. Provide permanent facilities as indicated on the plot

plan where maintenance by mobile equipment is impractical.
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7. Provide a clear access area at grade for vessels with removable internals or for
vessels requiring loading and unloading.
8. Exchangers with removable tube bundles shall have maintenance clearance equal to
the bundle length plus 5 feet measured from the tube sheet.
9. Provide sufficient access and clearance at fired equipment for removal of tubes,
sootblowers, air preheater baskets, burners, fans, and other related serviceable
equipment.
10. Plant roads may be used as tube pull areas.
C. Spectacle Blinds
1. Provide spectacle blinds as indicated on the P&IDs.
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2. Spectacle blinds shall be accessible from grade or platform. Blinds located in a

pipeway are considered accessible. Blinds that weigh over 100 lbs shall be
accessible by mobile equipment. Where this is not possible, provide davits or
hitching points.
3. Stagger closely grouped flanges with blinds.
D. Utility Stations
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Provide utility stations with water, steam, or air as indicated below. Use a single 50 foot
length of hose to reach the entire working area from the station. Hose, hose rack, and
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hose connections shall be provided by the client.
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1. Provide water outlets at grade level only, in pump areas, and near equipment that
shall be water washed during maintenance.
2.
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Provide steam outlets at grade level only in areas subject to product spills, and near
equipment that requires steaming out during maintenance.
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3. Provide air outlets in areas where air-driven tools are used such as at exchangers,
both ends of heaters, compressor area, top platform of reactors, and on columns, so
that each manway to be serviced is within the reach of a 50 foot hose.
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3.0 EXECUTION
3.1 Design And Drawing Practices

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A. Model
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When called for in the Scope of Work an electronic model shall be built using the
appropriate design program (PDS or PDMS). It shall be built in accordance with the
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applicable section of the project CAD documents and the PAG (Piping Applications
Guide) Manual.
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When called for in the Scope of Work a physical model shall be built in accordance with
the applicable section of the project physical model documents and Specification
670.250.50002.
B. Types of Piping Documents
1. Aboveground piping plans: Drawings with sufficient detail to indicate pipe routing,
intersections, anchors, guides, supports, provisions for expansion, spare equipment,
and connections to associated apparatus. Show piping plan dimensions in feet and
inches. When the dimensions are less than 1 foot, use inches. Draw sections and
details to show routing of piping that cannot be clearly shown in the plan drawing.
Draw piping as a single line, except in areas where double line may be required for
verification of clearances. Show all piping on the piping plan.
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Revision
2. Piping isometrics: 11 inch by 17 inch drawings of individual lines, or portions of

lines, complete with all information required for fabrication and installation. Provide
isometrics when required by Fluor Daniel to expedite the fabrication and installation
of pipe. The isometric drawing number is the same as the line number.
3. Heat tracing schedules and details shall indicate the extent, size, routing, and tracing
material.
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4. Pressure Test Summary and related documents shall indicate line test pressure, test
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medium, and other supporting data. These documents shall be issued to Field
Construction for pressure testing.
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C. Symbols
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Piping symbols shall be in accordance with Practice 000.250.9817 and Practice
000.250.9818.
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Identify special items of piping material by an item code number on the P&IDs and
isometrics.
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The symbol "F" in a hexagon may be used on drawings to denote that the line beyond this
symbol shall be routed at the jobsite by the field, including location of valves, field
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supports, and instruments.

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D. Line Identification
Clearly identify pipe lines by line numbers on P&IDs and drawings, and summarize on
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the Pipe Line List.

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4.0 ATTACHMENTS
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Not applicable.
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End of Specification
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Practice 000 250 2210
Publication Date 11Feb00
Page 1 of 4
FLUOR DANIEL
STRESS DESIGN - RESPONSIBILITIES
PURPOSE
This practice defines the responsibilities of the Piping Designer for layout, design, and support
of all piping systems.
SCOPE
This practice includes the following major sections:
RESPONSIBILITY
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TERMINOLOGY
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STRESS DESIGN RESPONSIBILITIES
SUPPORT CRITERIA
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STRESS ENGINEER RESPONSIBILITIES
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REFERENCES
APPLICATION
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This practice applies to all Piping Designers on all Fluor Daniel projects.
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RESPONSIBILITY
Assigned Project Piping Engineer, Lead Design Supervisor, and Lead Stress Engineer are
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responsible for implementing this practice.

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TERMINOLOGY
Layout and Design: The arrangement of all equipment; the routing of the piping that
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connects the equipment; and the conceptual definition of hard supports, pre-engineered,
and engineered supports.
Hard Supports: Structural steel or concrete structures provided by the structural
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department.
Pre-Engineered Supports: Supports such as base supports, rod hangers, shoes, guides,
and anchors as shown in the detail practices listed in Piping Engineering Practice
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000.250.50201: Piping Support Elements.

Engineered Supports: Supports such as spring hangers, spring can base supports,
snubbers, and constant support spring hangers specially designed by Stress Engineer for a
specific location. Engineered supports will be listed in Piping Engineering Practice 000
250 50201.
STRESS DESIGN
RESPONSIBILITIES
Overview
Piping Designer will create a sound piping layout and a design that includes the following
items:
Piping Engineering
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Practice 000 250 2210
Piping Design Layout Training. Page 2 of 4
FLUOR DANIEL
Accurate interpretation of the P&ID (Piping And Instrumentation Diagram).

Routing of the line.
Correct mechanical construction of the piping materials and components.
An evaluation of the line's workability regarding stress and flexibility.
Incorporating Stress Engineer's comments and requirements on lines analyzed by stress.
Proper support of the line during operation, maintenance, and hydrotest.
Stress Engineer supports Piping Designer's effort. Stress Engineer verifies that the design
meets applicable criteria; assists in finding solutions to complex problems; helps to optimize
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the original layout of equipment and equipment support requirements; and designs engineered
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items such as spring hangers and flexible joints.
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Policy Statement
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Piping Designer is responsible for the layout, design, and support of all piping systems and is
also responsible for the following items, obtained by using the applicable sections of the
Piping technical practices:
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Locating supports, guides, anchors, compressor hold downs, and hanger rods.
Providing prespring, cold spring, and clearance required for line expansion and additional
line flexibility.
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Transmitting and handling stress sketches in complete compliance with procedures
outlined in Piping Engineering Practice 000.250.2220: Stress Design - Sketch Procedure.
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Piping Designer is not responsible for the flexibility calculations nor the validity of such
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calculations made by the Stress Engineer. Designer is responsible for any calculations or
flexibility analysis that was undertaken and resolved without Stress Supervisor's approval.
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Design Guidelines
The following guidelines apply to piping design stress considerations:
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Prefer pipe routing, fittings, and loops to provide flexibility. Where space and other
limitations preclude this approach, request assistance from Project Lead Stress Engineer.
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Design piping to require a minimum number of anchors and guides.

Keep weight stresses off equipment nozzles using base supports and anchors, or rod
hangers or structural supports.
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To obtain flexibility that accommodates expansion at towers and drums, arrange the
equipment locations and nozzle orientations so that the natural run of the piping will
provide sufficient flexibility.
Note!!! For hot piping, do not locate nozzles so that the most direct pipe routing is the
end result.
When computing stresses and allowing for expansion, use the worst case operating
conditions (hot line and cold tower, or vice versa, or both: 1 pump hot, 1 pump cold).
Consider startup conditions when lines and equipment are brought up to operating
conditions from the cold conditions. Consider flexibility for lines that may be steam or
hot gas purged and that are subject to regeneration, decoking, and dryout conditions.
Ensure that outdoor piping in cold climates can contract the required amount.
Investigate expansion, or the lack of it, in closed relief systems and hot blowdown
systems.
Piping Engineering
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Page 3 of 4
FLUOR DANIEL
Calculate and correctly apply the thermal expansion of the pipe to select the proper shoe
length.
Incorporate rigid supports for exhaust stacks of relief systems venting to the atmosphere.
To avoid differential expansion problems, investigate equipment tube anchors on vertical
and horizontal tube heaters.
Investigate cold piping conditions at bypasses around exchangers.
Make the branch lines more flexible rather than installing expansion loops or expansion
joints in the header.
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Investigate spring supporting or Teflon mounting pumps instead of using flexible piping
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on hot pump suction lines.
Apply cold spring and prespring to piping for the following reasons:
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- Detailed stress analysis requires it.
- It maintains adequate pipe spacing.
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Take cold spring into account during analysis, and indicate it on drawings to ensure sound
design.
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To maintain adequate pipe spacing, use cold spring to make clearance corrections in pipe
groups or racks, thus preventing excessive spreading between lines. Line size has no
bearing on this. Show cold spring with 50 percent of the total movement at operating
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temperature. There is no minimum limit to the amount of cold spring that may be used;
however, consider using less than 1 inch cold spring only where dictated by the design
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conditions.
Use extreme care in selecting the maximum temperature used to calculate expansion. The
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operating temperature often is not the maximum temperature experienced by the process
lines. For instance, most process lines must be steamed out at higher temperatures than
those encountered during normal operation.
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Both Piping Designer and Stress Engineer must investigate using engineered expansion
joints and other flexible connectors to eliminate piping forces on equipment. No
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expansion joint, either metal or elastomer bellows, shall be specified or purchased without
the approval of Stress Group Supervisor or Project Lead Stress Engineer.
Guide axial expansion joints on each side and anchor at changes of direction of pipe runs
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to take hydrostatic thrust, friction force, velocity thrust, and the mechanical spring rate of
the joint.
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SUPPORT CRITERIA
Hard supports and pipe supported by pre-engineered or engineered element are to be designed
in, not added on.
During layout, Designer should plan, visualize, define, and communicate to Stress Engineer
the method of support for all pipe lines.
Talk early with Structural Engineer to establish concepts and schedule requirements.
Continue this communication throughout the project, providing detailed definitions of support
locations, anchor locations, anchor forces, and other data required for support design.
Piping Engineering
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Page 4 of 4
FLUOR DANIEL
STRESS ENGINEER
RESPONSIBILITIES
Lead Stress Engineer must validate calculations and flexibility analysis provided to Piping
Designer and must further validate items listed in Policy 1 of the Pipe Stress Analyst Design
Guide (refer to Piping Engineering Practice 000.250.1201: Piping Stress Analysis - General
Operating Practices.
REFERENCES
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Piping Engineering
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Practice 000.250.1201: Piping Stress Analysis - General Operating Practices
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Piping Engineering
Practice 000.250.1202: Piping Stress Analysis - Limiting Criteria On Equipment
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Piping Engineering
Practice 000.250.2220: Stress Design - Sketch Procedure
Piping Engineering
Practice 000.250.50201: ip
Piping Support Elements
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Piping Engineering
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This copy is intended for use solely with Publication Date 11Feb00
FLUOR DANIEL
STRESS DESIGN - SKETCH PROCEDURE
PURPOSE
This practice establishes guidelines for preparing and submitting piping sketches for stress
analysis and ensures that these sketches are complete and contain the necessary information.
This practice eliminates sketching of lines that can be given approval by other means such as
inspection at model or equipment study, and provides the Piping Supervisor with a method to
verify that the isometric checker has reviewed the Stress Sketch.
SCOPE
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This practice provides direction for the interface between Piping Design and Pipe Stress
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during the stress sketch development and isometric sign-off phase of the contract.
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APPLICATION
This practice will be implemented during the piping layout phase of the contract. The Piping
Design Supervisor and the Pipe Stress Engineer will utilize this practice to ensure that stress
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related requirements are properly integrated into the piping design.
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ACTIVITIES/
RESPONSIBILITIES
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Step-by-step activities and the responsible parties involved in implementing this practice are
outlined in Attachment 01.
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TERMINOLOGY
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Formal Analysis: A system requiring a manual stress review or a formal computer analysis;
however, the Stress Engineer may require that certain lines be sketched in order to determine
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if a formal analysis is required.

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REFERENCES
Piping Engineering
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Practice 000.250.2221: Stress Design - Sketch Information

Piping Engineering
Practice 000.250.2250: Stress Design - Piping Flexibility Log
ATTACHMENTS
Responsibilities And Activity Descriptions
Piping Engineering
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Practice 000 250 2220
Piping Design Layout Training. Attachment 01 Page 1 of 3
FLUOR DANIEL
RESPONSIBILITIES AND ACTIVITY DESCRIPTIONS
Sequence Responsibility Activity Description

1 Lead Stress Engineer Review line list using contract specifications and flow diagrams to determine
initially which lines require sketches (formal submittal) and mark the line list under
stress column accordingly.
2 Unit Piping Supervisor Refer to line list and initiate Flexibility Log listing line numbers to be sketched.
Refer to Piping Engineering Practice 000.250.2250: Stress Design - Piping
Flexibility Log.
3 Unit Piping Supervisor / Jointly review layouts as this work progresses. Prior to drawing sketch, verify if a
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Stress Engineer formal analysis is actually required for the lines originally listed in the line list.
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Review closely for any problem areas or additional lines which may require formal
analysis. Update line list and Flexibility Log accordingly.
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4 Layout Designer Initiate a sketch / DWD for each line listed in the Flexibility Log. The intent is to
provide the Stress Engineer with a complete system showing all lines of a system
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that affect the piping flexibility of that system. Complex or large systems may
require more than 1 sketch or the system may be drawn on roll size sheet.
5 Layout Design Sign off and date in spaces provided after insuring all required data has been
6 Unit Piping Supervisor

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provided. Submit sketch to Unit Supervisor for review.
Review sketch for completeness. Sign off and forward.
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7 Unit Piping Supervisor or Order 2 prints of Stress Sketch and place 1 in Stress file for reference until original
Designee (Piping Assistant is returned. Transmit Stress Sketch original and 1 print (work print) to Stress
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or Contract Clerk) Engineer. Post date "to" Stress in Flexibility Log. For revisions, erase dates to and
from Stress in Flexibility Log and post new date to Stress for revision.
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8 Stress Engineer Inspect line and either approve by inspection, start test calculations or start formal
calculations. If sketch is incomplete or routing is unacceptable, hand carry to Unit
Supervisor to rework. Make recommendations to ensure a prompt solution to the
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problem.
9 Stress Engineer Add all Stress comments and notes directly on original in red. If necessary, circle
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comments in red so they stand out. Complete Stress approval and stress stamp and
indicate if sketch is approved, not approved, or approved as marked.
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10 Stress Engineer Sign off in space provided, run 1 print of sketch for stress file and return original to
Unit Piping Supervisor.
11 Unit Piping Supervisor / Review stress comments with Layout Designer. Transmit loads and other relevant
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Layout Designer data to affect disciplines. Forward original for filing. For checker initiated changes
and revisions, review stress comments with checker.
12 Unit Piping Supervisor or Place original in Stress sketch file binder. Remove and destroy print from file.
Piping Assistant / Contract Post date "from" Stress in Flexibility Log.
Clerk
13 Unit Piping Supervisor Continuously monitor stress file to ensure isometric and model include stress
requirements.
14 Assigned Designers Continuously monitor stress file to ensure isometric and model include stress
requirements.
Piping Engineering
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Practice 000 250 2220
For other purposes, refer to the original document Attachment 01 Page 2 of 3
FLUOR DANIEL

Checking
15 Piping Checker Review line list and Flexibility Log to determine which sketches pertain to area.
Compare finished isometrics to Stress sketch. Ensure that all stress requirements
are met. Negotiate minor differences with Stress Engineer.
16 Piping Checker For checker initiated changes, consult with the Stress Engineer and determine if a
resubmittal is required and is so, revise the Stress sketch original and sign off in
space provided. Change Stress sketch revision. Erase Unit Supervisor and Stress
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Analyst signatures. Forward to Unit Supervisor. Return to Sequence 6. Hold
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check prints until Stress Engineer returns Stress Sketch. Incorporate Stress
comments.
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17 Piping Checker Checker will enter "Yes" on line for Stress approval, in revision block on isometric,
if Stress sketch is marked "Resubmit Checked Isometric." If Stress sketch is
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marked "Approved" or line did not require Stress analysis, draw line through
"Stress."
Isometric Revisions
18 Revision Checker ip
Prior to releasing any revised isometric, review Stress sketch and analyze if
flexibility is affected.
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Note!!! If there is any doubt that the change may affect Stress, the checker must
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consult with the Stress Engineer and the Piping Supervisor.

19 Revision Checker If flexibility is affected, consult with Stress Engineer and determine if a resubmittal
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is required and if so, revise Stress sketch original to agree with revised isometric,
sign off in space provided and change revision, place initials on Stress sketch
original under the appropriate revision space for that line and isometric sheet
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number. Erase Unit Piping Supervisor and Stress Analyst signatures on sketch.
Forward to Unit Supervisor. Return to Sequence 6. Hold Check print until Stress
Engineer returns Stress sketch. Incorporate Stress comments.
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Note!!! If the issued isometric had been signed off by Stress, the Stress Engineer
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will review and approve all changes.

Stress Signatures on Isometrics
20 Unit Piping Supervisor or Note isometric sheets that must be sent to Stress for signature. check Piping
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Piping Assistant Isometric Record and checked isometric to determine which isometrics require
Stress approval signature. Hand carry to Stress Engineer. Wait for approval or
leave with Stress Engineer. Receive signed isometrics from Stress Engineer.
21 Stress Engineer (if Design In addition to signoff of isometrics, reviews model before and after Client review to
Model is used on the ensure that all lines approved earlier by inspection only are still acceptable.
Project)
Unit Supervisor Monitoring
22 Stress Engineering Stress Engineer Supervisor must review his work load and take action to meet his
Supervisor schedule.
Piping Engineering
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FLUOR DANIEL

23 Unit Piping Supervisor / Periodically consult with Stress Engineer to obtain assistance in resolving flexibility
Layout Designer problems by informal reviews at the model or drawing board to eliminate
unnecessary paper flow. Jointly, decide on the following:
a. The addition of any line or lines for formal submittal.
b. The deletion of any lines or portions of lines which were requested for formal
submittal.
Update line list and Flexibility Log as necessary.
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24 Unit Piping Supervisor Periodically review Stress sketch file during checking phase to verify that
isometrics checkers have entered their initials on the Stress sketch, indicating final
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isometrics agree with the Stress sketch.
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Piping Engineering
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Page 1 of 3
FLUOR DANIEL
STRESS DESIGN - SKETCH INFORMATION
PURPOSE
This practice establishes guidelines to outline the information furnished by Piping Design,
Pipe Stress, and Process Engineering to be utilized in the production of Stress Sketches.
SCOPE
SYSTEM BOUNDARY
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TITLE BLOCK DATA
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GRAPHIC SECTION
SPRING HANGERS
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FLARE ISOMETRICS
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REFERENCES
ATTACHMENTS
APPLICATION ip
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This practice will be implemented during the Stress Analysis Phase of the contract and will be
utilized when analysis of a piping system is required. Pipe Stress and Process Engineering
will use this practice to convey information to Piping Design for use in the development of
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system configuration, process conditions, and pipe supports.

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SYSTEM BOUNDARY
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A line or system requiring stress analysis will be submitted from anchor or equipment to other
anchors or equipment as an isometric sketch or drawing. The original, coinciding with the
Stress group file copy, will be returned to the responsible Design Supervisor.
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TITLE BLOCK DATA

Data affecting the flexibility and support analysis will be filled in on each Stress Sketch. Data
that is not self-explanatory will be determined as outlined below.
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Maximum design and operating temperature for applicable conditions such as the
following:
- Startup
- Regeneration
- Hot and cold branch functions (pump with spares, one operating, one shut down;
bypasses; systems with swing elbows; and swing reactor system)
- Shutdown
- Steam out (defined by Process)
- Normal flowing conditions
- Decoking
- Upset
Piping Engineering
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Practice 000 250 2221
FLUOR DANIEL
Unusual conditions such as lethal or hazardous commodity flowing in the line or ASME
(American Society of Mechanical Engineers) boiler code requirements. Pipe Stress
Engineering will provide specific instructions regarding system configuration when
jacketed pipe is specified or on pharmaceutical projects where stainless steel pipe with
Tri-Clover connections are specified.
GRAPHIC SECTION
Line work will be single stroke and may be drawn freehand. Weld dots will be indicated to
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identify FMU (fitting makeup) only. Dimensions will indicate distance from centerline of
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branch or ell to support. Round off dimensions to nearest 6 inches. The following
information will be included on the sketch:
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Location of proposed support points and type such as the following:
- Pipe supports
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- Trunnions
- Spring hangers
- Pickups
- Hanger rods
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- Dummy supports
- Field supports
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- Snubbers
Location and orientation of proposed or actual control points such as the following:
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- Anchors
- Equipment
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- Guides
- Critical clearance
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- Directional anchor
- Branch points
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- Spring wedges
- Hold downs
Foundation settlement
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SPRING HANGERS
The following information should be indicated as an integral part of the Stress Sketch as soon
as stress information has been established. Resubmit revised sketch to Stress when steel
information becomes available.
Location of spring hanger.
Height of the support point in relation to the centerline of the pipe or to the point on the
pipe where the spring hanger is attached.
Type of beam or structure used as supporting point and its orientation.
FLARE ISOMETRICS
Piping Engineering
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FLUOR DANIEL
The flare isometric will provide Stress and Process Engineering with adequate information to
analyze the complete system on a unit-by-unit basis. Refer to Attachment 02 for flare
isometric example. Flare isometrics will adhere to the following:
The isometric will be drawn on roll size layout paper.
The header will be indicated as a complete system through the unit to the interconnecting
pipeway main header or blowdown drum.
Two-inch and larger branches will be indicated from the pressure relief valve to the flare
header.
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The portion upstream of the pressure relief valve will be submitted with the flare
isometric as a package on the following documents:
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- Stress Engineering: Stress sketches
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- Process Engineering: Stress sketches or isometrics
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REFERENCES
ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers)
Piping Engineering
Practice 000.250.2220:
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Stress Design - Sketch Procedure
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Piping Engineering
Practice 000.250.2250: Stress Design - Piping Flexibility Log
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ATTACHMENTS
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Stress Sketch Example

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Flare Isometric Example

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Piping Engineering
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FLUOR DANIEL
STRESS DESIGN - LAYOUT AIDS FOR ROTATING EQUIPMENT
PURPOSE
This practice is intended as an aid for the Piping Designer in determining the effects of the
piping's thermal expansion or contraction on equipment nozzles.
SCOPE
This practice provides a method, which can be used by the Piping Designer, to determine the
acceptability of pipe routings to rotating equipment. Included in this practice are instructions
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on how to determine the following:
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The location of the rotating equipment's Anchor.
The allowable loads on the rotating equipment nozzles.
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The loads exerted by the piping on the rotating equipment.
Methods for adding flexibility if the actual force exerted exceeds the allowable force.
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APPLICATION
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During the initial stages of piping layout, the Piping Designer needs to examine the effects that
the thermal expansion or contraction of a piping system would have on rotating equipment to
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which the given system is located. Optimum equipment location, nozzle orientations, and pipe
routing can be achieved via the implementation of the techniques outlined in this practice.
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The resulting pipe routing is still subject to the review and approval of the review and
approval of the assigned Lead Project Stress Engineer. However, based on the Piping
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Designer's correct application of this technical practice, modification to satisfy stress

requirements should be minimized.
Note!!! Refer to Attachments 01 through 04, as indicated below, to determine the location of
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equipment Anchors and, therefore, nozzle thermal movements, on various types of

rotating equipment.
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Pumps, Normal Case

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Refer to Attachment 01, Pumps - Normal Case.
Pumps, Variation Case

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Refer to Attachment 02, Pumps - Variation Case.
Turbines, Normal Case

Refer to Attachment 03, Turbines - Normal Case, Figure 1.
Turbines, Common
Variation
Refer to Attachment 03, Turbines - Common Variation, Figure 2.
Piping Engineering
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Practice 000 250 2230
Page 2 of 4
FLUOR DANIEL
Centrifugal Compressor
Refer to Attachment 04, Centrifugal Compressor.
Allowable Loads
The maximum allowable force on steel equipment nozzle is 200 pounds times the nominal
nozzle size, but must not exceed 2,000 pounds.
Examples:
2-inch, 300 pounds, RF, CS Nozzle, 200 by 2 = 400 pounds
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18-inch, 150 pounds, RF, CS Nozzle, 200 by 18 = 3,600 pounds
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The latter exceeds the limit; therefore, use 2,000 pounds as a limiting force.
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The maximum allowable force on cast iron equipment nozzle is 50 pounds times nominal
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nozzle size, but must not exceed 500 pounds.
Examples:
4-inch, 125 pounds, FF, CI Nozzle, 50 by 4 = 200 pounds
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12-inch, 250 pounds, FF, CI Nozzle, 50 by 12 = 600 pounds
The latter exceeds the limit; therefore, use 500 pounds.
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EXAMPLE
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Refer to Attachment 05, How to Determine Pipe Length Required For Flexible Pump Layout.
Allowable Force On
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Pump Nozzle
Eight-inch nozzle times 200 lbs / nom. in. = 1,600 pounds maximum force allowed.
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Expansion North-South
Direction
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The 15'-6" leg is the only run in the North-South direction.

15'-6" times 0.0362 = 0.5611" expansion.
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Absorbing Legs
The 2 legs 90 degrees to the 15'-6" leg are the East-West leg (11'-0") plus the vertical leg
(7'-3").
Total available bending leg = 11'-0" plus 7'-3" = 18'-3".
Nomograph Application
Refer to Attachment 06, Nomograph Application - North-South Expansion.
Piping Engineering
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Practice 000 250 2230
FLUOR DANIEL
Expansion East-West
Direction
Assuming that 1 pump is hot and 1 cold, the 11'-0" leg is the only run, expanding in the
East-West direction.
11'-0" times 0.362"/14 = 0.3982" expansion
Absorbing Legs
The legs 90 degrees to the East-West run are the 2 vertical legs (6'-8" and 7'-3") and the
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North-South leg (15'-6").
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Total Available Bending Leg = (6'-8") + (7'-3") + (15'-6") = 29'-5".
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Refer to Attachment 07, Nomograph Application - East-West Expansion.
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Expansion Vertical
Direction
The worst case vertical thermal expansion occurs between the Anchor point at the pump
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assumed hot and the support or Anchor on the vertical vessel. The total vertical leg expanding
is:
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(1'-4") + (7'-3") + (6'-8") + (2'-9") = 18'-0"

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18'-0" times 0.0362 "/' = 0.6515" expansion
Absorbing Legs
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The legs 90 degrees to the vertical runs and falling along a direct line from the vessel nozzle
to the nozzle of the pump assumed hot, are the 11'-0" North-South leg and the 15'-6"
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East-West leg.
Total Available Bending Leg = (11'-0") + (15'-6") = 26'-6".
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Refer to Attachment 08, Nomograph Application - Vertical Direction, and Attachment 09,
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Nomograph A (For Flexibility Based On Piping Force).
ATTACHMENTS
Pumps - Normal Case
Pumps - Variation Case
Figure 1. Turbines - Normal Case
Figure 2. Turbines - Common Variation
Piping Engineering
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Practice 000 250 2230
FLUOR DANIEL

Centrifugal Compressor
Example: How To Determine Pipe Length Required For Flexible Pump Layout
Nomograph Application - North-South Expansion
Nomograph Application - East-West Expansion
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Nomograph Application - Vertical Direction
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Nomograph A (For Flexibility Based On Piping Force)
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Piping Engineering
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Practice 000 250 2230
FLUOR DANIEL
NOMOGRAPH APPLICATION - NORTH-SOUTH EXPANSION
(Note!!! Refer to circled numbers on Nomograph A - Attachment 09)
Step 1 On the force scale, locate maximum allowed force on pump nozzle. 1,600 pounds (Point 1).
Step 2 On Total Thermal Expansion scale, locate expansion in inches. 0.5611" (Point 2).
Step 3 Draw a line from Point 1 to Point 2. Where this line crosses the Pivot Line , locate Point 3.
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Step 4 On Nominal Pipe Diameter scale, locate line size 12" (Point 4). When the schedule of pipe is other than the standard
weight, use Pipe Moment of Inertia scale. This locates Point 5 on the Pipe Length scale.
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Step 5 Draw a line from Point 3 on the Pivot Line to Point 4 on the Nominal Pipe Diameter scale. This locates Point 5 on
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the Pipe Length scale.
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Read 23'-0" on the Pipe Length scale as the minimum required absorbing pipe length.
Step 6 The available bending leg is 18'-3" (Refer to Page 2) is less than 23'-0". Therefore, a minimum of 5'-0" must be
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added to the vertical or East-West direction to be within the maximum allowable force on the pump nozzle.
Step 7 Since equipment elevations cannot be easily changed (both Process and Structural Engineering must become
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involved), the simplest method for adding the required bending leg is to add East-West bending leg as shown by
dotted line on Attachment 05.
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Piping Engineering
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Practice 000 250 2230
FLUOR DANIEL
NOMOGRAPH APPLICATION - EAST-WEST EXPANSION
Step 1 On the force scale, locate maximum allowed force on the pump nozzle - 1,600 pounds (Point 1).
Step 2 On total thermal expansion scale, locate expansion in inches - 0.3982" (Point 6).
Step 3 Draw a line from Point 1 to Point 6. Where this line crosses the pivot line, locate Point 7.
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Step 4 On nominal pipe diameter scale, locate line size 12" (Point 4).
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Step 5 Draw a line from Point 7 to Point 4. This locates Point 8 on the pipe length scale.
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Note!!! The minimum required absorbing pipe length is 20'-0".
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Step 6 The available bending leg is 29'-5" which is greater than the required leg of 20'-0". Therefore, no additional
flexibility is required to accommodate the East-West expansion.
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Piping Engineering
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Practice 000 250 2230
FLUOR DANIEL
NOMOGRAPH APPLICATION - VERTICAL DIRECTION
Step 1 On the force scale, locate maximum allowed force on the pump nozzle - 1,600 pounds (Point 1).
Step 2 On the total thermal expansion scale, locate expansion in inches - 0.6516" (Point 9).
Step 3 Draw a line from Point 1 to Point 9. Where this line crosses the pivot line, locate Point 10.
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Step 4 On a nominal pipe diameter scale, locate line size 12" (Point 4).
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Step 5 Draw a line from Point 10, on the pivot line, to Point 4. This locates Point 11 on the pipe length scale.
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Note!!! The minimum required absorbing pipe length (bending leg) is 24'-0".
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Step 6 The available bending leg is 26'-6" that is greater than the required leg of 24'-0".
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Practice 000 250 2240
Page 1 of 2
FLUOR DANIEL
STRESS DESIGN - SPRING HANGERS AND HANGER RODS
PURPOSE
This practice establishes guidelines for the Piping Designer or Engineer to estimate the size of
variable spring cans and constant supports; to determine the minimum clearance between the
bottom of structural supporting steel and the top of pipe for variable spring hangers and for
rigid rod hangers; and to determine the length of rod required to limit the amount of lift caused
by horizontal movement.
SCOPE
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LIMITATIONS
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SPRING HANGERS AND HANGER RODS
ATTACHMENTS
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APPLICATION
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This practice is to be used by the Piping Designer or Engineer in determining the appropriate
spring hangers and hanger rods.
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Charts containing the approximate size of variable spring cans and constant supports are based
on Grinnell hanger components. Although the dimensions of spring hangers is fairly
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consistent among different manufacturers, the dimensions and method of structural attachment
for constant supports varies from one manufacturer to another.
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LIMITATIONS
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Piping Engineers or Designers working on Power Piping designed to ASME B31.1 must
remember to limit the angle of swing of a hanger rod, measured from the vertical, to 4 degrees.
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This requirement is not included in ASME B31.3; however, when the 4 degree rule is
exceeded, the resulting horizontal loads should be evaluated on the structural steel and on the
hanger components.
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SPRING HANGERS AND

HANGER RODS
Clearances
Variable spring hangers can be roughly sized by relating the hanger load to the diameter D of
the container and by relating the line movement combined with the hanger load to the length L
of the container. Refer to Attachments 01 and 02.
Constant piping hangers can be roughly sized by relating the line movement combined with
the hanger load to the length L and the diameter D of the container. Refer to Attachments 03
and 04.
Piping Engineering
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Practice 000 250 2240
Page 2 of 2
FLUOR DANIEL
STRESS DESIGN - SPRING HANGERS AND HANGER RODS
Squad Check
Requirements
Piping checklist
Structural/vessel checklist
- Attachments to structural member
- Load carrying capacity of structure or vessel
Lengths
Rod hanger lengths necessary for horizontal line movement. Refer to Attachment 5.
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ATTACHMENTS
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Variable Spring Hanger Sizing Table
Attachment 02: (Unavailable)
Variable Spring Hanger Drawing
Constant Spring Hanger Sizing Table
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Attachment 04: (Unavailable)
Constant Spring Hanger Drawing
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Rod Hanger Lengths

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Practice 000 250 2240
FLUOR DANIEL
VARIABLE SPRING HANGER SIZING TABLE
Load Range (Pounds) D (Inches) Line Movement Vertically (Inches)

0 to 1/2 9/16 to 1 1-1/6 to 2
Minimum Minimum Minimum
L H L H L H
50 to 125 4 6 30 9 33 16 39
126 to 300 5-9/16 6 30 9 33 17 42
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301 to 700 6-5/8 7 33 11 36 20 45
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701 to 5,000 8-5/8 10 39 14 42 26 54
5,001 to 10,000 8-5/8 12 45 19 52 34 66
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10,001 to 20,000 12-3/4 16 57 24 63 45 84
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20,001 to 40,000 12-3/4 22 66 32 75 61 102
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Piping Engineering
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Practice 000 250 2240
Attachment 03 Page 1 of 2
FLUOR DANIEL
CONSTANT SPRING HANGER SIZING
Approximate Vertical Line Movement (Inches)

Dimensions
(Inches) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
L D Load Range (Pounds)
108 72 54 43 36 31 27
to to to to to to to
450 300 225 180 150 129 113
17 16 451 301 226 181 151 130 114
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1,905 1,270 953 762 635 544 476
27 20 1,906 1,271 954 763 636 545 477 423 381
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to to to to to to to to to
5,525 3,683 2,763 2,210 1,842 1,579 1,381 1,228 1,105
in
32 27 3,684 2,764 2,211 1,843 1,580 1,382 1,229 1,106 1,005
9,667 7,250 5,800 4,833 4,143 3,625 3,222 2,900 2,636
47 33 9,668 7,251 5,801 4,834 4,144 3,636
to to to to to to
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to
2,901
to
2,637
to
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24,463 18,348 14,678 12,231 10,484 9,174 8,154 7,339 6,671
68 31 18,349 14,679 12,232 10,485 9,175 8,155 7,340 6,672
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to to to to to to to to
36,700 29,360 24,466 20,972 18,350 16,311 14,680 13,344
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70 33 36,701 26,361 24,467 20,973 18,351 16,312 14,681 13,345

to to to to to to to to
57,500 46,000 38,332 32,858 28,750 25,555 23,000 20,907
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100 45 46,001 38,333 32,859 28,751 25,556 23,001 20,908

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66,000 87,500 87,500 87,500 87,500 87,500 87,500

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Piping Engineering
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Practice 000 250 2240
FLUOR DANIEL
CONSTANT SPRING HANGER SIZING
Approximate Vertical Line Movement (Inches)

Dimensions
(Inches) 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
L D Load Range (Pounds)
17 16
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27 20
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32 27 922 851 790
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to to to
2,417 2,231 2,071
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47 33 2,418 2,232 2,072 1,934 1,813
to to to to to
68 31
6,166 5,645 5,242
6,117 5,646 5,243 4,893
to to to to
4,892 4,587
4,588
to
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12,233 11,292 10,484 9,786 9,175
70 33 12,234 11,293 10,485 9,787 9,176
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to to to to to
19,166 17,692 16,427 15,332 14,375
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100 45 19,167 17,693 16,428 15,333 14,376 31,175 29,442 27,894 26,500
83,330 76,920 71,420 66,660 62,500 58,820 55,550 52,630 50,000
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Piping Engineering
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Project Name This copy is intended for use solely with Date 21Aug01
Contract Number For other purposes, refer to the original document Page 1 of 13
available through Knowledge Online. Revision
SHOP FABRICATION AND HANDLING - PROCESS AND UTILITY PIPING

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Lead Engineer
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Project Manager:
Client Approval:
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Record of Revisions
No.
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Contract Number For other purposes, refer to the original document
Page 3 of 13
1.0 GENERAL
1.1 Summary
1. This specification prescribes the supply of required materials and the fabrication of
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pressure piping in accordance with applicable drawings.
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2. Wherever a difference exists between this specification and the drawings, the
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drawings shall govern. No deviation shall be made from this specification without
written authorization from Fluor Daniel.
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B. Terminology
1.
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The following terms are defined as stated, unless otherwise indicated:
Shop Fabricate: Fabrication performed at a Supplier's shop, normally remote from

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the jobsite.
2. Field Fabricate: Fabrication performed at the jobsite, either in a field shop or at the
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installation site area.

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3. Field Assembly Items : Includes items from small branches or bolt-on components to
shop fabricated pieces such as vents, drains, instrument connections, valves, gaskets,
bolts, and in-line instruments.
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C. Related Specifications
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• 000.250.50003: Piping-Material Specification Line Class

• 000.250.50030: Geographic Color Coding
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• 000.250.50201: Pipe Support Elements

• 000.285.85002: Welding - Piping Shop / Field Fabrication
• 000.285.86210: Painting
D. Related Technical Requirements
1. The following practices prescribe items of related Work:
• 000.250.3725: Material Engineering - Acceptance Criteria: 125 To

250 Microinch Ra Flange Surface Finish
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• 000.250.9810: Dimensional Chart - Dimensions - Fittings, Flanges, And

Valves
• 000.250.9814: Dimensional Chart - Dimensions - Two And Three Weld

Mitered Elbows
• 000.250.9818: Symbols For Piping Drawings And Isometrics - Fittings And

Flanges
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• 000.250.9830: Acceptance Criteria - Flange Face
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• 000.250.9835: Application Of Pipe Fabrication Tolerances
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2. Design Documents
a. Detail and specification numbers referenced in this specification are Fluor
b.
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Daniel practices and specifications, respectively.
Symbols for fittings and flanges, and accessories are shown in Piping
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Engineering Practice 000.250.9818.
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c. Detail drawings and dimensional charts are shown in Piping Engineering

Practice 000.250.9810.
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d. Acceptance criteria and evaluation of special finish flange facing damage are
shown in Piping Engineering Practice 000.250.9830.
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e. Detail drawings showing items such as shoes, anchors, and field supports to be
used by the Shop Fabricator, with the Project Piping Engineering Specification
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000.250.50201, Attachment 03.
• Piping fabrication detail numbers are structured as follows:

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5 FS1C - * (Size Code)

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Detail Number
Fluor Daniel Prime Account Number
This detail number will appear on the piping isometric.
• Attachment 03 is an index which lists the pipe fabrication details included in the Shop Fabricator's scope of
work when called for on the project isometric or orthographic drawings.
1.2 References
The publications listed below form part of this specification. Each publication shall be the latest
revision and addendum in effect on the date this specification is issued for construction unless
noted otherwise. Except as modified by the requirements specified herein or the details of the
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drawings, Work included in this specification shall conform to the applicable provisions of these
publications.
A. ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers)
1. B31.3 Chemical Plant and Petroleum Refinery Piping
Note!!! The limits of piping governed by codes other than ASME B31.3 shall be
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indicated on the piping drawings, and piping shall be fabricated in
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accordance with those codes.
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B. PFI (Piping Fabrication Institute)
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1. Standard ES3 (reaffirmed 1992)
C. Where fabrication criteria in this specification is affected by city, county, state, or federal
1.3 Drawing Preparation Requirements

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requirements, this specification shall be modified as necessary to ensure compliance.
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A. Piping isometric drawings shall show all welded and assembly items,
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B. Field fabricated portions of shop fabricated lines shall be indicated by encirclement and
so noted. Shop fabricator shall not supply or fabricate piping that is so indicated.
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C. Drawings shall have the dimensions shown only in inches when dimensions are less than
one foot.
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D. Except for ring joint flanges, dimension, coordinate, and elevation references shall be to
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the centerline of pipe and the contact face of flanges. Ring joint flanges are dimensioned
to the extreme face of flange and not to the contact surface of the groove.
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E. Dimensions locating Latrolets shall be to the intersecting points of the centerline of pipe
and the projected centerline of the Latrolet.
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F. Where CS (Cold Spring) or PS (Prespring) is required, the dimension shown on the

piping drawing shall include the required amount subtracted or added. The piping shall
be fabricated to the dimension shown.
G. Reducers shall be concentric unless otherwise noted.
H. Spool piece fabrication drawings prepared by Fabricator shall incorporate engineering

information from the Fluor Daniel drawings.
1.4 Submittals
A. General
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Project Name Piping Design Layout Training. Date 21Aug01
Revision
Documents produced by the shop and for use by the shop to produce, control, and
manage this work are subject to review or approval by responsible representatives of
Fluor Daniel or its Client as follows:
1. Shop Manufacturing Procedure
Any document produced by the shop engineering group as instructions to the shop
floor shall be submitted to Fluor Daniel for review and comment to ensure proper
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interpretation of relevant technical requirements.
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2. Shop Welding Procedures
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Shop welding procedures to be used on this Work shall be submitted to Fluor Daniel
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for review and comment prior to welding.
3. Shop NDE (Nondestructive Examination) Procedures
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NDE procedures to be used by the shop on this Work shall be submitted to Fluor
Daniel for review and comment prior to performing any NDE.
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4. Shop Drawings
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Shop drawings produced from the Fluor Daniel drawings and intended for the shop's
use in the fabrication process shall be submitted to Fluor Daniel at the same time
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they are released to the cutting floor. This submittal shall not imply that fabrication
is to be delayed in any way. The purpose is to allow Fluor Daniel the option and
ability to perform spot checks as a form of quality control.
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5. Special (Nonstock) POs (Purchase Orders)

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POs for materials that are considered special (not normally carried as shop stock)
shall be submitted to Fluor Daniel.
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6. Production Schedules and Status Reports

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Prior to the initiation of Work, the shop shall produce and submit a realistic
production schedule. Throughout the duration of Work, the shop shall prepare and
submit weekly status reports and schedule updates.
A. General
Approved Fluor Daniel fabrication and welding guidelines and methods shall be used in
compliance with project requirements. Project Piping Engineers and Design Supervisors
shall monitor and review the activities of the fabrication shops to ensure that applicable
codes, standards, and procedures are being followed to meet project quality goals.
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1. Fluor Daniel inspectors shall examine and inspect the final product to ensure that
Fluor Daniel and Client quality criteria has been met.
2. Fabricator shall examine and inspect piping components for damage and improper
manufacturing prior to beginning fabrication, in accordance with ASME B31.3
Paragraph 341. After fabrication has been completed, components shall be re-
examined and reinspected for possible damage. Repairs shall be made before
shipping.
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3. Fabricator shall be responsible for fabrication accuracy; each piece is subject to
check by Fluor Daniel and Client. The release of pipe fabrications from the shop by
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the Fluor Daniel inspector does not relieve Fabricator of responsibility.
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2.0 PRODUCTS
2.1 Materials
A.
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Piping materials shall be in accordance with Piping Engineering Specification
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000.250.50003. Deviations shall be noted on the piping drawings.
Substitutions, including thicker wall materials, are not permitted without written
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B.
authorization from Fluor Daniel Piping Material Engineer. When minimum wall or
guaranteed minimum wall piping is specified and is procured by Fabricator, Fabricator
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shall advise Fluor Daniel of the nominal (average) wall thickness to be furnished, prior to
procurement.
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C. Unless noted otherwise in the PO, Fabricator shall furnish piping, fittings, flanges, and
other components welded directly to the spool. Nonpressure attachments shall be
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provided as noted in Section 1.2B.5. Fabricator shall not supply field assembly items.
2.2 Material Receiving And Storage

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A. Material provided by Fluor Daniel, allocated from stock, or purchased for this project
shall be stored in an area specifically assigned to this project where exposure to heat, dirt,
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and contamination are avoided.
B. Pipe and fittings shall be segregated by material type and schedule within the storage
area.
C. Stainless steel, aluminum, and high alloy piping shall be stored under cover and clear of
the ground. Contact with ferritic steel is not permitted. Contamination from ferritic
sources is not acceptable. Slings and hooks shall be protected by a plastic insulation or
nylon. Storage banding for pipe shall be of a noncontaminating and compatible material.
2.3 Prefabrication Cleaning
A. Piping and fittings shall be cleaned free from debris, grease, oil, and loose foreign
material prior to fabrication.
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B. Each weld lane shall be cleaned before the weld is started. The weld cleaning shall be
accomplished by wire brushing or grinding. The cleaned area shall be free from rust,
scale, or mill coating.
2.4 Fabrication
A. Piping
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1. Welding, weld examination, and weld heat treatment shall be in strict accordance
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with Welding Engineering Specification 000.285.85002.
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2. Fabricator shall shape or bevel the joints to be field welded.
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3. Adjacent sections of longitudinal welded pipe that are joined by butt welding shall
have the longitudinal weld seams positioned so that they are at least 30 degrees apart
above the horizontal centerline.
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Wherever possible, Fabricator shall not position the longitudinal weld seam on the
top or bottom of the line so that branch connections such as couplings and stub-ons
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are located on the seam.
B. Internal Misalignment
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1. Internal misalignment criteria shall be governed by the following:

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a. Pipe-to-pipe or pipe-to-fitting NPS (Nominal Pipe Size) 24 and smaller: 1/16 of

an inch deviation.
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b. Pipe-to-pipe or pipe-to-fitting NPS 26 and larger: 1/8 of an inch deviation.

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2. If the deviation factors are exceeded, one of the following procedures shall be used:
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a. Rotate the pipe or fittings to reduce misalignment to the acceptable tolerances

(before attempting any of the following methods).
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b. Use spreaders or internal or external lineup clamps to correct moderate out-of-

round condition.
c. Backweld the root pass.
d. Taper the wall of the component internally, after obtaining approval from Fluor
Daniel, to ensure wall thickness is not reduced below the minimum required by
the code.
C. Flanges and Fittings
1. Flange bolt holes are to be oriented as follows, unless otherwise indicated on the
piping drawings:
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a. Flange face vertical: Bolt holes to straddle vertical centerline.
b. Flange face horizontal: Bolt holes to straddle north-south centerline.
Note!!! Fabricator shall ensure that this information is included on the fabrication
drawings.
2. Where jack screws (such as at a spectacle blind) are called for on a piping drawing,
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the shop Fabricator shall drill, tap, and supply jackscrews as indicated on
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000.250.9820.
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3. Orifice flanges shall be fabricated with the taps in the exact orientation shown on the
piping drawings. The up and down stream sections of pipe to which the orifice
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flanges are attached may be standard mill run pipe, but each piece shall be a choice
hand-selected piece, and the interior of the pipe shall be round, smooth, and free
from blisters and scale; welds shall be ground flush. Field welds shall be kept at a
4.
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maximum distance from the face of the orifice.
Where line taps are required, first attach the connection fitting; then, the hole for
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each line tap shall be drilled square to the axial centerline, clean, sharp, and free
from burrs, wire edges, or other irregularities.
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5. Slip-on flanges shall be welded inside and outside. Refer to Figure 328.5.2B of
ASME B31.3. The weld shall be applied so that the flange face shall be free of weld
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spatter and does not require refacing.
6. For acceptance criteria and evaluation of special finish flange facing damage, refer to
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Piping Engineering Practice 000.250.9830.

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D. Reinforcing Pads
Reinforcing pads shall be installed only where called for on the piping drawing. Pad
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material shall be the same as the pipe material, unless otherwise authorized by Fluor
Daniel. Drawing shall specify size and pad thickness. It is preferable to have pad shapes
similar, but the pad size may be altered, provided an equivalent cross-sectional area is
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maintained and code requirements are met. Each pad, or each piece, if the pad is made
from more than one piece, shall have a 1/8 of an inch vent hole, drilled and tapped
1/8 NPT (American National Taper Pipe Thread) prior to installation (at the side and not
at the crotch) of the pad. Each pad or each piece shall be pressure tested with shop air.
After pressure test, the vent shall be filled with a grease compound.
E. Nonpressure Attachments
1. Nonpressure attachments shall be installed in accordance with detail sheets as

referenced on the piping drawings. The material for nonpressure attachment welds
shall be in accordance with Welding Engineering Specification 000.285.85002,
unless specified otherwise on the piping drawings.
2. Piping requiring PWHT (Post-Weld Heat Treatment) shall have nonpressure

attachments installed by Fabricator. Piping not requiring PWHT shall only have the
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nonpressure attachments installed by Fabricator when located dimensionally on

piping drawings. PWHT requirements are indicated in Welding Engineering
Specification 000.285.85002.
F. Bending and Straightening
1. Minor deviations in dimensions shall be corrected before heat treatment.
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2. Small residual deviations remaining after heat treatment may only be corrected by
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cold straightening, after obtaining the consent of Fluor Daniel Inspector. Hot
straightening after heat treatment is not permitted (except nonpressure attachments).
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3. Piping bends, when shown on the piping drawings, shall indicate the required bend
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radius. Wall thickness includes an 8 percent maximum allowance for thinning. Do
not thin the pipe wall to less than the minimum required thickness.
4.
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Completed bends shall be free from harmful defects and in accordance with ASME
B31.3, Paragraph 332.
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G. Stub-On Branch Connections
Unless otherwise noted, stub-ons shall be according to ASME B31.3, Figure 328.5.4, A,
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B, C; and Figure 328.5.4D, Items (1) or (3).

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H. Fabrication Tolerances
1. The fabrication tolerances for fabricated piping shall be in accordance with PFI
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Standard ES3; refer to Piping Engineering Practice 000.250.9835. When closer

tolerances are required, they shall be noted on the piping drawings.
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2. Fabrication tolerances may be exceeded to a maximum of 1/2 of an inch for vent and
drain connection locations, dummy support lengths, temperature connection, or
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pressure tap locations, providing the deviation does not affect an in-line item.
3. The symbol FFW (Field-Fit Weld) shall be used when the exact piping dimension
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cannot be predetermined, to allow the field proper erection of 2 spool pieces.

Fabricator shall add 9 inches to the calculated length of one of the spools and shall
terminate the same spool with plain or flame-cut end. The field shall trim and bevel
as required. Piping drawings shall show only the calculated length.
4. The fabrication tolerances for piping sizes over NPS 24 may require special
consideration. The requirements shall be reviewed for each project, with special
attention being given to refractory lined pipe.
2.5 Examination And Tests
A. Shop pressure testing, if required, is noted on the piping drawings, with the required test
pressure.
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B. Examination for welding shall be according to Welding Engineering Specification

000.285.85002.
C. Flanges with special finish facing shall have a gasket contact surface finish of 125 to
250 microinch Ra. Piping Engineering Practice 000.250.3725 shall be used to determine
acceptance of this surface finish. Refer to Piping Engineering Practice 000.250.9830 for
allowable facing damage.
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D. A visual examination of each special finish flange surface shall take place before coating
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with rust preventative and before the protective flange cover is attached; refer to Piping
Engineering Practices 000.250.3725 and 000.250.9830 for acceptance.
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2.6 Preparation For Shipping
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A. Shipping Box
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Prefabricated piping shall be sectionalized for shipping and handling and shall conform to
a box size established for the project.
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Note!!! If Fluor Daniel does not indicate field weld locations on the isometric drawings,
Fabricator shall set the shipping size based on the type of shipment (truck, sea
van (container), or other) and handling requirements.
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B. Cleaning
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Pipe requiring special cleaning and protection shall be noted on the piping drawing.
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C. Painting
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Surface preparation and painting shall be in accordance with Welding Engineering

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D. Piece Marking
1. Refer to Attachment 01. Piece mark numbers and field welds for shop fabricated
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piping are indicated on the piping drawings. Fabricated pieces shall be identified by
the appropriate piece mark number and color code as indicated on the piping
drawings. Piece marking and color coding shall be as listed in Attachment 01. Piece
mark letters and numbers shall be painted white.
2. For austenitic stainless steel and nickel materials, the marking paint or ink shall not
contain any chlorides, metal, or metal salts such as zinc, lead, or copper which cause
corrosive attack upon heating.
3. Stamping of piece mark numbers on carbon steel pipe with steel die low-stress
stamps is permitted if done lightly and carefully, so as to minimize notch effect, and
so that the marking is not deep enough to cause cracks or to reduce wall thickness
below the minimum allowed. Stamping alloy pipe is not permitted without Fluor
Daniel authorization.
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Page 12 of 13
E. Protection
Piping for domestic shipping shall be protected as follows:
1. Flange faces shall be cleaned, coated with rust preventative, and protected with
plastic flange covers secured to the flange. Other methods and products for flange
protection may be acceptable, subject to prior Fluor Daniel approval.
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2. Threaded or socketweld connections shall be cleaned and plugged, or capped with
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metal or plastic protectors.
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3. The open ends of pipe shall be protected with metal or plastic caps.
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4. A metal cap secured by a steel strap around the pipe shall be used to protect open end
Weldolets.
5.
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Austenitic stainless and nickel pipe shall not be exposed to salt or salt spray.
Protection also shall be provided when shipping by truck in areas where road salt is
used.
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6. Fabricated piece marks shall be carefully loaded with the proper amount of dunnage
and ample tie-downs to protect each piece during shipping. Tie-downs shall be
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nylon straps; chains or cable are prohibited.

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7. After required examination and inspection, shop fabricated carbon, alloy, and
stainless steel pipe for export shipment shall be protected in accordance with project
specifications.
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8. When the fabricated spools are ready for shipment, the following procedures shall be
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followed:
a. Attach 2 copies of packing list to shipment. Information required on the packing

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list includes the following:
• Fluor Daniel PO number

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• Date of shipment
• Name of carrier
• List of pieces shipped
• Weight of shipment
• Company name of shipper and shipping point
• Name and location of consignee
b. Additional copies of the packing lists shall be sent to the Fluor Daniel office
responsible for the order and the consignee at the jobsite.
• [:: Address of the Fluor Daniel office responsible for the order. ::]
• [:: Address of the consignee at the jobsite. ::]
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3.0 EXECUTION
Not applicable.
4.0 ATTACHMENTS
Attachment 01: (18Jan00)
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Piece Marking And Color Coding
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End Of Specification
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Project Name This copy is intended for use solely with Date 18Jan00
Attachment 01 - Sheet 1 of 1
The following sample designates the piece marking for shop fabricated piping:
21 - 242 AA1C - 2 B
WBS* Number 21 - 242 AA1C - 2 B
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Line Number 21 - 242 AA1C - 2 B
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Line Class 21 - 242 AA1C - 2 B
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Mark Number and
Drawing Sheet Number 21 - 242 AA1C - 2 B
Sequence Letter 21 - 242 AA1C - 2 B ip

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Provide 6 inch Wide Color Band to (if required) the right of the piece marking.
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The following sample schedule designates colors by area and color coding and marking.
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WBS* Number Facility Color

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11 Feed Prep. Green

12 Distillation Green
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21 Reactor White
30 Purification Purple
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40 Utilities Orange
50 Offsites Blue
60 Pipeway Brown
70 Shipping Facilities Light Blue
* WBS (Work Breakdown Structure)
00025050025a01.doc Piping Engineering
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Lead Engineer
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Project Manager:
Client Approval:
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Record of Revisions
No.
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Page 3 of 13
1.0 GENERAL
1.1 Summary
1. This specification prescribes the supply of required materials and the fabrication of
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pressure piping in accordance with applicable drawings.
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2. Wherever a difference exists between this specification and the drawings, the
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drawings shall govern. No deviation shall be made from this specification without
written authorization from Fluor Daniel.
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B. Terminology
1.
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The following terms are defined as stated, unless otherwise indicated:
Shop Fabricate: Fabrication performed at a Supplier's shop, normally remote from

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the jobsite.
2. Field Fabricate: Fabrication performed at the jobsite, either in a field shop or at the
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installation site area.

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3. Field Assembly Items : Includes items from small branches or bolt-on components to
shop fabricated pieces such as vents, drains, instrument connections, valves, gaskets,
bolts, and in-line instruments.
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C. Related Specifications
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• 000.250.50003: Piping-Material Specification Line Class

• 000.250.50030: Geographic Color Coding
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• 000.250.50201: Pipe Support Elements

• 000.285.85002: Welding - Piping Shop / Field Fabrication
• 000.285.86210: Painting
D. Related Technical Requirements
1. The following practices prescribe items of related Work:
• 000.250.3725: Material Engineering - Acceptance Criteria: 125 To

250 Microinch Ra Flange Surface Finish
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• 000.250.9810: Dimensional Chart - Dimensions - Fittings, Flanges, And

Valves
• 000.250.9814: Dimensional Chart - Dimensions - Two And Three Weld

Mitered Elbows
• 000.250.9818: Symbols For Piping Drawings And Isometrics - Fittings And

Flanges
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• 000.250.9830: Acceptance Criteria - Flange Face
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• 000.250.9835: Application Of Pipe Fabrication Tolerances
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2. Design Documents
a. Detail and specification numbers referenced in this specification are Fluor
b.
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Daniel practices and specifications, respectively.
Symbols for fittings and flanges, and accessories are shown in Piping
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Engineering Practice 000.250.9818.
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c. Detail drawings and dimensional charts are shown in Piping Engineering

Practice 000.250.9810.
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d. Acceptance criteria and evaluation of special finish flange facing damage are
shown in Piping Engineering Practice 000.250.9830.
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e. Detail drawings showing items such as shoes, anchors, and field supports to be
used by the Shop Fabricator, with the Project Piping Engineering Specification
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000.250.50201, Attachment 03.
• Piping fabrication detail numbers are structured as follows:

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5 FS1C - * (Size Code)

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Detail Number
Fluor Daniel Prime Account Number
This detail number will appear on the piping isometric.
• Attachment 03 is an index which lists the pipe fabrication details included in the Shop Fabricator's scope of
work when called for on the project isometric or orthographic drawings.
1.2 References
The publications listed below form part of this specification. Each publication shall be the latest
revision and addendum in effect on the date this specification is issued for construction unless
noted otherwise. Except as modified by the requirements specified herein or the details of the
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drawings, Work included in this specification shall conform to the applicable provisions of these
publications.
A. ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers)
1. B31.3 Chemical Plant and Petroleum Refinery Piping
Note!!! The limits of piping governed by codes other than ASME B31.3 shall be
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indicated on the piping drawings, and piping shall be fabricated in
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accordance with those codes.
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B. PFI (Piping Fabrication Institute)
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1. Standard ES3 (reaffirmed 1992)
C. Where fabrication criteria in this specification is affected by city, county, state, or federal
1.3 Drawing Preparation Requirements

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requirements, this specification shall be modified as necessary to ensure compliance.
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A. Piping isometric drawings shall show all welded and assembly items,
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B. Field fabricated portions of shop fabricated lines shall be indicated by encirclement and
so noted. Shop fabricator shall not supply or fabricate piping that is so indicated.
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C. Drawings shall have the dimensions shown only in inches when dimensions are less than
one foot.
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D. Except for ring joint flanges, dimension, coordinate, and elevation references shall be to
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the centerline of pipe and the contact face of flanges. Ring joint flanges are dimensioned
to the extreme face of flange and not to the contact surface of the groove.
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E. Dimensions locating Latrolets shall be to the intersecting points of the centerline of pipe
and the projected centerline of the Latrolet.
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F. Where CS (Cold Spring) or PS (Prespring) is required, the dimension shown on the

piping drawing shall include the required amount subtracted or added. The piping shall
be fabricated to the dimension shown.
G. Reducers shall be concentric unless otherwise noted.
H. Spool piece fabrication drawings prepared by Fabricator shall incorporate engineering

information from the Fluor Daniel drawings.
1.4 Submittals
A. General
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Project Name Piping Design Layout Training. Date 21Aug01
Revision
Documents produced by the shop and for use by the shop to produce, control, and
manage this work are subject to review or approval by responsible representatives of
Fluor Daniel or its Client as follows:
1. Shop Manufacturing Procedure
Any document produced by the shop engineering group as instructions to the shop
floor shall be submitted to Fluor Daniel for review and comment to ensure proper
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interpretation of relevant technical requirements.
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2. Shop Welding Procedures
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Shop welding procedures to be used on this Work shall be submitted to Fluor Daniel
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for review and comment prior to welding.
3. Shop NDE (Nondestructive Examination) Procedures
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NDE procedures to be used by the shop on this Work shall be submitted to Fluor
Daniel for review and comment prior to performing any NDE.
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4. Shop Drawings
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Shop drawings produced from the Fluor Daniel drawings and intended for the shop's
use in the fabrication process shall be submitted to Fluor Daniel at the same time
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they are released to the cutting floor. This submittal shall not imply that fabrication
is to be delayed in any way. The purpose is to allow Fluor Daniel the option and
ability to perform spot checks as a form of quality control.
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5. Special (Nonstock) POs (Purchase Orders)

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POs for materials that are considered special (not normally carried as shop stock)
shall be submitted to Fluor Daniel.
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6. Production Schedules and Status Reports

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Prior to the initiation of Work, the shop shall produce and submit a realistic
production schedule. Throughout the duration of Work, the shop shall prepare and
submit weekly status reports and schedule updates.
A. General
Approved Fluor Daniel fabrication and welding guidelines and methods shall be used in
compliance with project requirements. Project Piping Engineers and Design Supervisors
shall monitor and review the activities of the fabrication shops to ensure that applicable
codes, standards, and procedures are being followed to meet project quality goals.
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1. Fluor Daniel inspectors shall examine and inspect the final product to ensure that
Fluor Daniel and Client quality criteria has been met.
2. Fabricator shall examine and inspect piping components for damage and improper
manufacturing prior to beginning fabrication, in accordance with ASME B31.3
Paragraph 341. After fabrication has been completed, components shall be re-
examined and reinspected for possible damage. Repairs shall be made before
shipping.
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3. Fabricator shall be responsible for fabrication accuracy; each piece is subject to
check by Fluor Daniel and Client. The release of pipe fabrications from the shop by
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the Fluor Daniel inspector does not relieve Fabricator of responsibility.
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2.0 PRODUCTS
2.1 Materials
A.
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Piping materials shall be in accordance with Piping Engineering Specification
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000.250.50003. Deviations shall be noted on the piping drawings.
Substitutions, including thicker wall materials, are not permitted without written
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B.
authorization from Fluor Daniel Piping Material Engineer. When minimum wall or
guaranteed minimum wall piping is specified and is procured by Fabricator, Fabricator
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shall advise Fluor Daniel of the nominal (average) wall thickness to be furnished, prior to
procurement.
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C. Unless noted otherwise in the PO, Fabricator shall furnish piping, fittings, flanges, and
other components welded directly to the spool. Nonpressure attachments shall be
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provided as noted in Section 1.2B.5. Fabricator shall not supply field assembly items.
2.2 Material Receiving And Storage

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A. Material provided by Fluor Daniel, allocated from stock, or purchased for this project
shall be stored in an area specifically assigned to this project where exposure to heat, dirt,
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and contamination are avoided.
B. Pipe and fittings shall be segregated by material type and schedule within the storage
area.
C. Stainless steel, aluminum, and high alloy piping shall be stored under cover and clear of
the ground. Contact with ferritic steel is not permitted. Contamination from ferritic
sources is not acceptable. Slings and hooks shall be protected by a plastic insulation or
nylon. Storage banding for pipe shall be of a noncontaminating and compatible material.
2.3 Prefabrication Cleaning
A. Piping and fittings shall be cleaned free from debris, grease, oil, and loose foreign
material prior to fabrication.
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B. Each weld lane shall be cleaned before the weld is started. The weld cleaning shall be
accomplished by wire brushing or grinding. The cleaned area shall be free from rust,
scale, or mill coating.
2.4 Fabrication
A. Piping
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1. Welding, weld examination, and weld heat treatment shall be in strict accordance
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with Welding Engineering Specification 000.285.85002.
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2. Fabricator shall shape or bevel the joints to be field welded.
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3. Adjacent sections of longitudinal welded pipe that are joined by butt welding shall
have the longitudinal weld seams positioned so that they are at least 30 degrees apart
above the horizontal centerline.
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Wherever possible, Fabricator shall not position the longitudinal weld seam on the
top or bottom of the line so that branch connections such as couplings and stub-ons
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are located on the seam.
B. Internal Misalignment
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1. Internal misalignment criteria shall be governed by the following:

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a. Pipe-to-pipe or pipe-to-fitting NPS (Nominal Pipe Size) 24 and smaller: 1/16 of

an inch deviation.
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b. Pipe-to-pipe or pipe-to-fitting NPS 26 and larger: 1/8 of an inch deviation.

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2. If the deviation factors are exceeded, one of the following procedures shall be used:
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a. Rotate the pipe or fittings to reduce misalignment to the acceptable tolerances

(before attempting any of the following methods).
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b. Use spreaders or internal or external lineup clamps to correct moderate out-of-

round condition.
c. Backweld the root pass.
d. Taper the wall of the component internally, after obtaining approval from Fluor
Daniel, to ensure wall thickness is not reduced below the minimum required by
the code.
C. Flanges and Fittings
1. Flange bolt holes are to be oriented as follows, unless otherwise indicated on the
piping drawings:
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a. Flange face vertical: Bolt holes to straddle vertical centerline.
b. Flange face horizontal: Bolt holes to straddle north-south centerline.
Note!!! Fabricator shall ensure that this information is included on the fabrication
drawings.
2. Where jack screws (such as at a spectacle blind) are called for on a piping drawing,
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the shop Fabricator shall drill, tap, and supply jackscrews as indicated on
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000.250.9820.
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3. Orifice flanges shall be fabricated with the taps in the exact orientation shown on the
piping drawings. The up and down stream sections of pipe to which the orifice
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flanges are attached may be standard mill run pipe, but each piece shall be a choice
hand-selected piece, and the interior of the pipe shall be round, smooth, and free
from blisters and scale; welds shall be ground flush. Field welds shall be kept at a
4.
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maximum distance from the face of the orifice.
Where line taps are required, first attach the connection fitting; then, the hole for
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each line tap shall be drilled square to the axial centerline, clean, sharp, and free
from burrs, wire edges, or other irregularities.
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5. Slip-on flanges shall be welded inside and outside. Refer to Figure 328.5.2B of
ASME B31.3. The weld shall be applied so that the flange face shall be free of weld
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spatter and does not require refacing.
6. For acceptance criteria and evaluation of special finish flange facing damage, refer to
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Piping Engineering Practice 000.250.9830.

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D. Reinforcing Pads
Reinforcing pads shall be installed only where called for on the piping drawing. Pad
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material shall be the same as the pipe material, unless otherwise authorized by Fluor
Daniel. Drawing shall specify size and pad thickness. It is preferable to have pad shapes
similar, but the pad size may be altered, provided an equivalent cross-sectional area is
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maintained and code requirements are met. Each pad, or each piece, if the pad is made
from more than one piece, shall have a 1/8 of an inch vent hole, drilled and tapped
1/8 NPT (American National Taper Pipe Thread) prior to installation (at the side and not
at the crotch) of the pad. Each pad or each piece shall be pressure tested with shop air.
After pressure test, the vent shall be filled with a grease compound.
E. Nonpressure Attachments
1. Nonpressure attachments shall be installed in accordance with detail sheets as

referenced on the piping drawings. The material for nonpressure attachment welds
shall be in accordance with Welding Engineering Specification 000.285.85002,
unless specified otherwise on the piping drawings.
2. Piping requiring PWHT (Post-Weld Heat Treatment) shall have nonpressure

attachments installed by Fabricator. Piping not requiring PWHT shall only have the
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nonpressure attachments installed by Fabricator when located dimensionally on

piping drawings. PWHT requirements are indicated in Welding Engineering
F. Bending and Straightening
1. Minor deviations in dimensions shall be corrected before heat treatment.
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2. Small residual deviations remaining after heat treatment may only be corrected by
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cold straightening, after obtaining the consent of Fluor Daniel Inspector. Hot
straightening after heat treatment is not permitted (except nonpressure attachments).
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3. Piping bends, when shown on the piping drawings, shall indicate the required bend
in
radius. Wall thickness includes an 8 percent maximum allowance for thinning. Do
not thin the pipe wall to less than the minimum required thickness.
4.
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Completed bends shall be free from harmful defects and in accordance with ASME
B31.3, Paragraph 332.
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G. Stub-On Branch Connections
Unless otherwise noted, stub-ons shall be according to ASME B31.3, Figure 328.5.4, A,
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B, C; and Figure 328.5.4D, Items (1) or (3).

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H. Fabrication Tolerances
1. The fabrication tolerances for fabricated piping shall be in accordance with PFI
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Standard ES3; refer to Piping Engineering Practice 000.250.9835. When closer

tolerances are required, they shall be noted on the piping drawings.
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2. Fabrication tolerances may be exceeded to a maximum of 1/2 of an inch for vent and
drain connection locations, dummy support lengths, temperature connection, or
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pressure tap locations, providing the deviation does not affect an in-line item.
3. The symbol FFW (Field-Fit Weld) shall be used when the exact piping dimension
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cannot be predetermined, to allow the field proper erection of 2 spool pieces.

Fabricator shall add 9 inches to the calculated length of one of the spools and shall
terminate the same spool with plain or flame-cut end. The field shall trim and bevel
as required. Piping drawings shall show only the calculated length.
4. The fabrication tolerances for piping sizes over NPS 24 may require special
consideration. The requirements shall be reviewed for each project, with special
attention being given to refractory lined pipe.
2.5 Examination And Tests
A. Shop pressure testing, if required, is noted on the piping drawings, with the required test
pressure.
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B. Examination for welding shall be according to Welding Engineering Specification

000.285.85002.
C. Flanges with special finish facing shall have a gasket contact surface finish of 125 to
250 microinch Ra. Piping Engineering Practice 000.250.3725 shall be used to determine
acceptance of this surface finish. Refer to Piping Engineering Practice 000.250.9830 for
allowable facing damage.
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D. A visual examination of each special finish flange surface shall take place before coating
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with rust preventative and before the protective flange cover is attached; refer to Piping
Engineering Practices 000.250.3725 and 000.250.9830 for acceptance.
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2.6 Preparation For Shipping
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A. Shipping Box
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Prefabricated piping shall be sectionalized for shipping and handling and shall conform to
a box size established for the project.
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Note!!! If Fluor Daniel does not indicate field weld locations on the isometric drawings,
Fabricator shall set the shipping size based on the type of shipment (truck, sea
van (container), or other) and handling requirements.
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B. Cleaning
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Pipe requiring special cleaning and protection shall be noted on the piping drawing.
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C. Painting
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Surface preparation and painting shall be in accordance with Welding Engineering

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D. Piece Marking
1. Refer to Attachment 01. Piece mark numbers and field welds for shop fabricated
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piping are indicated on the piping drawings. Fabricated pieces shall be identified by
the appropriate piece mark number and color code as indicated on the piping
drawings. Piece marking and color coding shall be as listed in Attachment 01. Piece
mark letters and numbers shall be painted white.
2. For austenitic stainless steel and nickel materials, the marking paint or ink shall not
contain any chlorides, metal, or metal salts such as zinc, lead, or copper which cause
corrosive attack upon heating.
3. Stamping of piece mark numbers on carbon steel pipe with steel die low-stress
stamps is permitted if done lightly and carefully, so as to minimize notch effect, and
so that the marking is not deep enough to cause cracks or to reduce wall thickness
below the minimum allowed. Stamping alloy pipe is not permitted without Fluor
Daniel authorization.
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Page 12 of 13
E. Protection
Piping for domestic shipping shall be protected as follows:
1. Flange faces shall be cleaned, coated with rust preventative, and protected with
plastic flange covers secured to the flange. Other methods and products for flange
protection may be acceptable, subject to prior Fluor Daniel approval.
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2. Threaded or socketweld connections shall be cleaned and plugged, or capped with
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metal or plastic protectors.
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3. The open ends of pipe shall be protected with metal or plastic caps.
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4. A metal cap secured by a steel strap around the pipe shall be used to protect open end
Weldolets.
5.
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Austenitic stainless and nickel pipe shall not be exposed to salt or salt spray.
Protection also shall be provided when shipping by truck in areas where road salt is
used.
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6. Fabricated piece marks shall be carefully loaded with the proper amount of dunnage
and ample tie-downs to protect each piece during shipping. Tie-downs shall be
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nylon straps; chains or cable are prohibited.

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7. After required examination and inspection, shop fabricated carbon, alloy, and
stainless steel pipe for export shipment shall be protected in accordance with project
specifications.
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8. When the fabricated spools are ready for shipment, the following procedures shall be
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followed:
a. Attach 2 copies of packing list to shipment. Information required on the packing

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list includes the following:
• Fluor Daniel PO number

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• Date of shipment
• Name of carrier
• List of pieces shipped
• Weight of shipment
• Company name of shipper and shipping point
• Name and location of consignee
b. Additional copies of the packing lists shall be sent to the Fluor Daniel office
responsible for the order and the consignee at the jobsite.
• [:: Address of the Fluor Daniel office responsible for the order. ::]
• [:: Address of the consignee at the jobsite. ::]
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3.0 EXECUTION
Not applicable.
4.0 ATTACHMENTS
Attachment 01: (18Jan00)
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End Of Specification
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Project Name This copy is intended for use solely with Date 18Jan00
Attachment 01 - Sheet 1 of 1
The following sample designates the piece marking for shop fabricated piping:
21 - 242 AA1C - 2 B
WBS* Number 21 - 242 AA1C - 2 B
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Line Number 21 - 242 AA1C - 2 B
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Line Class 21 - 242 AA1C - 2 B
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Mark Number and
Drawing Sheet Number 21 - 242 AA1C - 2 B
Sequence Letter 21 - 242 AA1C - 2 B ip

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Provide 6 inch Wide Color Band to (if required) the right of the piece marking.
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The following sample schedule designates colors by area and color coding and marking.
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WBS* Number Facility Color

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11 Feed Prep. Green

12 Distillation Green
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21 Reactor White
30 Purification Purple
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40 Utilities Orange
50 Offsites Blue
60 Pipeway Brown
70 Shipping Facilities Light Blue
* WBS (Work Breakdown Structure)
00025050025a01.doc Piping Engineering
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Practice 000 250 2031
This copy is intended for use solely with Date 11feb00
PLANT ARRANGEMENT - VALVE ACCESSIBILITY AND CLEARANCE
PURPOSE
This practice describes the Fluor Daniel method for determining valve accessibility
and operating clearances.
SCOPE
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This practice includes information on the following areas:
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• Vertical Stem Valves
• Horizontal Stem Valves
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• Average Man Clearances
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APPLICATION
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This practice should be used on all projects. It is intended as a guideline only. It is
the responsibility of both the Designer and Checker to follow this practice where
practical.
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ATTACHMENTS
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Valve Accessibility And Clearance - Vertical Stem
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Valve Accessibility And Clearance - Horizontal Stem

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Average Man Clearances

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LESSON 5
PUMPS & TURBINES TEST
Page 1 of 3
15/11/2002 Rev. 0
PUMPS AND TURBINES TEST
Number in Parenthesis Indicates Name _____________________________

Point Value on Each Question
1. List the three classes of pumps:

(9 pts)
A. B. __ C. __________________
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2. Which class pump is most commonly used? _______________________________
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(4 pts)
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3. List two types of pump drivers:
(6 pts)
A.
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B. _______________________
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4. Flexibility or stress check is one of the most important factors in routing pump piping.
(8 pts)
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TRUE FALSE
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Explain: _______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
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5. Pump suction lines should always have:

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(3 pts)
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CHECK VALVE STRAINER FLANGES

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6. Chain operators are required if bottom of handwheel is over 7'-0" from high point of finished
surface:
(3 pts)
TRUE FALSE
7. The minimum operating clearance between pumps is:

(3 pts)
4'-0" 2'-0" 2'-6"
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LESSON 5
Page 2 of 3
15/11/2002 Rev. 0
8. Why are check valves used on discharge of centrifugal pumps?

(3 pts)
9. All in-line pumps require a foundation.

(8 pts)
TRUE FALSE
Why ______________________________________________________________________
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______________________________________________________________________
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______________________________________________________________________
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10. Draw a freehand, isometric sketch of steam piping to a turbine on manual control non-freezing
conditions.
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(12pts)
Steam Inlet Side Steam Exhaust Side
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11. Discharge piping of which class of pump would be more likely to require hold-downs?
(8 pts)
Why? ___________________________________________________________________
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12. Steam supply and exhaust lines to turbines are normally taken off the bottom of the header.
(8 pts)
TRUE FALSE
Why? _________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
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LESSON 5
Page 3 of 3
15/11/2002 Rev. 0
13. Valve handwheels at pumps should normally be located:

(3 pts)
Toward equipment where suction is taken.
Within the perimeter of the pump.
Toward the front of the pump.
14. Which piping arrangements are correct for pump suction? (Check correct answers in block.)
(6 pts)
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15. Give sources of information which show whether or not a pump requires cooling water to auxiliary
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connections.
(6 pts)
1 ____________________________________________________________________
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2. ___________________________________________________________________ .
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16. In tank storage area, pumps are normally located:

(3 pts)
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Outside the diked area.
Inside the diked area.

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17. When making a pump study, check off the three main points to consider.
(3 pts)
Source of suction.
Pipe size.
Flexibility.
Clearances.
Underground piping.
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LESSON 5
PUMPS & TURBINES TEST – GRADING MASTER
Page 1 of 3
15/11/2002 Rev. 0
PUMPS AND TURBINES - GRADING MASTER
Number in Parenthesis Indicates Name _________________________________

Point Value on Each Question
1. List the three classes of pumps:

(9 pts)
A. CENTRIFUGAL B. ROTARY C. RECIPROCATING
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2. Which class pump is most commonly used? CENTRIFUGAL
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(4 pts)
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3. List two types of pump drivers:
(6 pts)
A. ELECTRIC MOTOR B.
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STEAM TURBINE
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4. Flexibility or stress check is one of the most important factors in routing pump piping.
(8 pts)
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TRUE FALSE
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Explain: PIPING FLEXIBILITY AFFECTS PUMP LOCATION. THE PIPING HAS TO BE

FLEXIBLE TO KEEP FROM OVERSTRESSING THE PUMP CONNECTION.
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5. Pump suction lines should always have (multiple selection possible)

(3 pts)
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CHECK VALVE STRAINER FLANGES

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6. Chain operators are required if bottom of handwheel is over 7'-0" from high point of finished
surface:
(3 pts)
TRUE FALSE
7. The minimum operating clearance between pumps is:

(3 pts)
4'-0" 2'-0" 2'-6"
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LESSON 5
Page 2 of 3
15/11/2002 Rev. 0
8. Why are check valves used on discharge of centrifugal pumps?

(3 pts)
TO PREVENT BACKFLOW THAT COULD CAUSE DAMAGE TO THE PUMP AND
DRIVER.
9. All in-line pumps require a foundation.

(8 pts)
TRUE FALSE
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Why? PIPING CAN SUPPORT LIGHTWEIGHT INLINE PUMPS. HEAVY PUMPS WILL
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REQUIRE A FOUNDATION.
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10. Draw a freehand, isometric sketch of steam piping to a turbine on manual control non-freezing
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conditions.
(12 pts)
Steam Inlet Side Steam Exhaust Side
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11. Discharge piping of which class of pump would be more likely to require hold-downs?
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(8 pts)
RECIPROCATING PUMP
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Why?
THIS TYPE OF PUMPING ACTION CAUSES PULSATING FLOW IN THE LINE, IN
TURN CAUSING THE LINE TO VIBRATE/SHAKE, THUS REQUIRING HOLD-
DOWNS.
12. Steam supply and exhaust lines to turbines are normally taken off the bottom of the header.
(8 pts)
TRUE FALSE
Why? SUPPLY & RETURN LINES SHOULD ALWAYS COME OFF THE TOP OF THE
HEADER. THIS ASSURES GETTING THE DRIEST STEAM POSSIBLE FROM THE
HEADER.
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LESSON 5
Page 3 of 3
15/11/2002 Rev. 0
13. Valve handwheels at pumps should normally be located:

(3 pts)
Toward equipment where suction is taken.
Within the perimeter of the pump.
Toward the front of the pump.
14. Which piping arrangements are correct for pump suction? (Check correct answers in block.)
(6 pts)
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15. Give sources of information which show whether or not a pump requires cooling water to auxiliary
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connections.
(6 pts)
1. P & IDs .
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2. DATA SHEETS .
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16. In tank storage area, pumps are normally located:

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(3 pts)
Outside the diked area.
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Inside the diked area.
17. When making a pump study, check off the three main points to consider.
(3 pts)
Source of suction.
Pipe size.
Flexibility.
Clearances.
Underground piping.
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FLUOR Lesson05 - Pumps Turbins

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FLUOR Lesson05 - Pumps Turbins

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PIPING DESIGN LAYOUT TRAINING

5. PUMPS & TURBINES

• To know the types of pump drivers.

the standards used on your contract may differ.

• To know procedures for checking foreign prints of pumps and turbines.

5.1.2 Lesson Study Plan

The following information is provided to support this lesson:

5.1.3 Study Aid

5.1.4 Proficiency Testing

5.2 CLASSES OF PUMPS

Plunger (Simplex and Duplex)

5.2.1 Centrifugal Pumps

Typical In-line Vertical Pump

5.2.2 Rotary Pumps

Figure #5-4A Figure #5-4B

5.2.3 Reciprocating Pumps

5.3 PUMP DRIVERS

5.3.1 Electric Motor

5.3.2 Steam Turbine

5.4 PUMP LOCATION

Review "Design Requirements - Pumps" Spec 000.250.50001.

5.5 MAIN CONSIDERATIONS IN MAKING A PUMP STUDY

5.5.1 Suction Source

Pump Piping from Low Suction Source

Piping flexibility affects pump location.

may be considerably different from Fluor's standards.

5.6 PUMP SUCTION PIPING

Pump Suction types: Top

1. Cavitates the pump

5.6.1 Pumps in the Tankage Area

For location of pumps in the tank farm area:

1. Group together if economical

2. Make accessible for maintenance and operation

3. Locate outside of berm area

5.6.2 Settlement and Flexibility

Adding enough pipe in the system.

5.6.3 Support of Piping

In the tankage area, the supporting of piping is normally by:

5.6.4 Flexibility of Suction Lines

5.6.5 Pump Suction Strainers

5.6.6 Line Reduction at Pumps

5.7 SUPPORTING OF TOP SUCTION PUMP PIPING

5.8 SUPPORTING OF END SUCTION PUMP PIPING

If there is no settlement problem, then field support from grade or paving.

5.9 MULTI-SERVICE PUMPS

5.10 VALVE HANDWHEELS

5.11 PUMP DISCHARGE PIPING

load (See Figure #5-22, Centrifugal Pump Top Suction/Top Discharge).

5.11.1 Support of Discharge Piping

The two most common methods of support are:

5.11.2 Flexibility of Discharge Piping

5.12 SIDE SUCTION AND SIDE DISCHARGE PUMP

5.13 VERTICAL PUMP (WET WELL PUMP)

1. Cooling tower basins

2. Storm and oily water sewer collection sumps

3. Cooling water reservoirs for specific equipment

5.14 BARREL OR CAN PUMP (DRY WELL PUMP)

5.15 IN-LINE PUMP