University of Anbar

Engineering Faculty
Electrical Engineering Department

Lectures
in
Management and Leadership Skills
and
Recipes Commander
‫ﻣﮭــــﺎرات اﻹدارة واﻟﻘﯾـــﺎدة‬
‫وﺻﻔـــﺎت اﻟﻘﺎﺋـــد‬

Dr. Adil H. Nawar

‫‪----Lecture 2‬ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮة ‪۲‬‬

‫ﻣﻘدﻣﺔ ‪:‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻣﺎھﯾﺔ اﻟﻘﯾﺎدة‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻟﻘﯾﺎدة واﻻدارة) اﻟﻌﻧﺎﺻر ‪ ---‬اﻟﻣﺗطﻠﺑﺎت(‬ ‫•‬
‫اھﻣﯾﺔ اﻟﻘﯾﺎدة‬ ‫•‬
 Introduction
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﯿﺎدة واﻻدارة‬
Leadership is important as an important and influential •
part of management after planning. But the leader is
the one who leads the process of organizing the work
whatever, and coordinates between its units and
members. To be successful, he has to make his
administration more dynamic and dynamic. It is the
leader who bears the brunt of responsibility for
achieving goals.
‫• ﺗﻌد اﻟﻘﯾﺎدة ﻣن اﻻھﻣﯾﺔ ﺑﻣﻛﺎن ﻛﺟزء ھﺎم وﻣؤﺛر ﻓﻲ اﻻدارة ﺑﻌد اﻟﺗﺧطﯾط‬
‫ وﯾﻧﺳﻖ ﺑﯾن‬، ‫ واﻣﺎ اﻟﻘﺎﺋد ﻓﮭو اﻟذي ﯾﻘود ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺔ ﺗﻧظﯾم اﻟﻌﻣل اﯾﺎ ﻛﺎن‬.
‫ وﻟﻛﻲ ﯾﻛون ﻧﺎﺟﺣﺎ ﻻﺑد ﻟﮫ ﻣن ان ﯾﺟﻌل ﻓﻲ ادارﺗﮫ‬. ‫وﺣداﺗﮫ وأﻋﺿﺎﺋﮫ‬
‫ واﻟﻘﺎﺋد ھو اﻟذي ﺗﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺗﻘﮫ اﻟﻌبء اﻻﻛﺑر ﻣن‬.‫اﻛﺛر دﯾﻧﺎﻣﯾﻛﯾﺔ وﺣرﻛﺔ‬
. ‫ﻣﺳؤوﻟﯾﺔ ﺗﺣﻘﯾﻖ اﻻھداف‬
• Therefore, the leadership means the
exceptional abilities and abilities available to
the person in the leadership position through
which he can direct his influence and
influence them in order to achieve the
planned and planned goals.
‫ اﻟﻘدرات واﻹﻣﻛﺎﻧﺎت اﻻﺳﺗﺛﻧﺎﺋﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﺗوﻓرة‬-- ‫• اذن اﻟﻘﯾﺎدة ﺗﻌﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺷﺧص اﻟﻣوﺟود ﻓﻲ ﻣوﻗﻊ اﻟﻘﯾﺎدة واﻟﺗﻲ ﻣن ﺧﻼﻟﮭﺎ ﯾﺳﺗطﯾﻊ‬
‫ﺗوﺟﯾﮫ ﻣﻌﯾﺗﮫ واﻟﺗﺄﺛﯾر ﻓﯾﮭم اﺑﺗﻐﺎء ﻟﺗﺣﻘﯾﻖ اﻻھداف اﻟﻣرﺻودة‬
. ‫واﻟﻣﺧطط ﻟﮭﺎ‬
 Why talk about leadership:
‫ﻟﻤﺎذا اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺚ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻘﯿﺎدة‬
1) Different societies have to lead their own •
direction, and organize and coordinate between
all groups of society and its activities. This
leadership paints the society with its face and
gives it its distinctive character, that good is good
and evil is evil.
‫ وﺗﺗوﻟﻰ اﻟﺗﻧظﯾم‬، ‫ﻻﺑد ﻟﻠﻣﺟﺗﻣﻌﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﺧﺗﻼﻓﮭﺎ ﻣن ﻗﯾﺎدة ﺗوﺟﮭﮭﺎ‬-۱
‫ وھذه اﻟﻘﯾﺎدة ﺗﺻﺑﻎ‬. ‫واﻟﺗﻧﺳﯾﻖ ﺑﯾن ﺟﻣﯾﻊ ﻓﺋﺎت اﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ وﻣﻧﺎﺷطﯾﮫ‬
‫ إن ﺧﯾرا ً ﻓﺧﯾر وإن‬، ‫اﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ ﺑوﺟﮭﺗﮭﺎ وﺗﺿﻔﻲ ﻋﻠﯾﮫ طﺎﺑﻌﮭﺎ اﻟﻣﻣﯾز‬
‫ﺷرا ً ﻓﺷر‬
 2) The Muslim community is still subject to •
good and good nature, and the crisis of
Muslim societies in the first place is a crisis of
men who have ratified what they have
committed to God, and this issue in which the
urge to inspire and mobilize the courage to be
effective leaders useful in their communities
narrow and wide.
‫ ﻻزال اﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﻣﺟﺑوﻻً ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺧﯾر ﺳﻠﯾم اﻟﻔطرة‬-۲
‫ وأزﻣﺔ اﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻌﺎت اﻹﺳﻼﻣﯾﺔ ﺑﺎﻟدرﺟﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ھﻲ‬، ‫إﻟﻰ ﺣد ﻛﺑﯾر‬
‫ وﻣوﺿوﻋﻧﺎ ھذا ﻓﯾﮫ‬، ‫أزﻣﺔ رﺟﺎل ﺻدﻗوا ﻣﺎ ﻋﺎھدوا ﷲ ﻋﻠﯾﮫ‬
‫ﺣث ﻟﻠﮭﻣم واﺳﺗﻧﮭﺎض ﻟﻠﻌزاﺋم ﻛﻲ ﻧﻛون اﻟﻘﺎدة اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﯾن اﻟﻧﺎﻓﻌﯾن‬
.‫ﻓﻲ ﻣﺟﺗﻣﻌﺎﺗﮭم اﻟﺿﯾﻘﺔ واﻟواﺳﻌﺔ‬
 3) Stimulation and moving the resident in the soul to •
continue the effort and in the training, education,
research, practice and application until we achieve the
successful leader in ourselves first and then we take
the matter of the child and his owner and
until we achieve the peak of leadership (‫ﻣﺗرﺑﻲ‬Educator(
in any place can serve the call to God Almighty.
‫ إﺛﺎرة اﻟﻛﺎﻣن وﺗﺣرﯾك اﻟﺳﺎﻛن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻧﻔوس ﻻﺳﺗﻣرار اﻟﺟﮭد واﻟﺑذل ﻓﻲ‬-۳
‫اﻟﺗدرﯾب واﻟﺗﻌﻠﯾم واﻟﺑﺣث واﻟﻣﻣﺎرﺳﺔ واﻟﺗطﺑﯾﻖ ﺣﺗﻰ ﻧﺣﻘﻖ اﻟﻘﺎﺋد اﻟﻧﺎﺟﺢ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ب ﺣﺗﻰ ﻧﺗﺳﻧم ذروة‬ ٍ ‫أﻧﻔﺳﻧﺎ أوﻻً ﺛم ﻓﯾﻣن ﻧﺗوﻟﻰ أﻣره ﻣن وﻟد وﺻﺎﺣب وﻣﺗر‬
. ‫اﻟﻘﯾﺎدة ﻓﻲ ﻛل ﻣﻛﺎن ﯾﻣﻛن أن ﺗﺧدم ﺑﮫ اﻟدﻋوة إﻟﻰ ﷲ ﺳﺑﺣﺎﻧﮫ‬
4) Increasing knowledge and linking behavioral and
administrative sciences with their legitimate evidence to
make minds and hearts more reassuring and acceptable
to them.
‫ زﯾﺎدة اﻟﻣﻌرﻓﺔ ورﺑط اﻟﻌﻠوم اﻟﺳﻠوﻛﯾﺔ واﻹدارﯾﺔ ﺑﺄدﻟﺗﮭﺎ اﻟﺷرﻋﯾﺔ ﻟﺗﻛون‬-٤
.‫اﻟﻌﻘول واﻟﻘﻠوب أﻛﺛر اطﻣﺋﻧﺎﻧﺎ وﻗﺑوﻻً ﻟﮭﺎ‬
• What Is Leadership?
• Leadership is the art of motivating a group of
people to act toward achieving a common
goal. In a business setting, this can mean
directing workers and colleagues with a
strategy to meet the company's needs
• ‫اﻟﻘﯾﺎدة ھﻲ ﻓن ﺗﺣﻔﯾز ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ ﻣن اﻟﻧﺎس ﻟﻠﻌﻣل ﻧﺣو ﺗﺣﻘﯾﻖ‬
‫ ﯾﻣﻛن أن ﯾﻌﻧﻲ ھذا ﺗوﺟﯾﮫ‬، ‫ ﻓﻲ ﺑﯾﺋﺔ اﻟﻌﻣل‬.‫ھدف ﻣﺷﺗرك‬
.‫اﻟﻌﻣﺎل واﻟزﻣﻼء ﺑﺎﺳﺗراﺗﯾﺟﯾﺔ ﻟﺗﻠﺑﯾﺔ اﺣﺗﯾﺎﺟﺎت اﻟﺷرﻛﺔ‬
Definition of leadership and leader:
‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ اﻟﻘﯿﺎدة واﻟﻘﺎﺋﺪ‬
"Fuel" in the language of the opposite of "market" is •
said: driving the animal in front of it and marketed
behind it and therefore the place leader in the
forefront as evidence and example and guide.
‫ ﯾﻘود اﻟداﺑﺔ ﻣن أﻣﺎﻣﮭﺎ وﯾﺳوﻗﮭﺎ‬: ‫اﻟﻘود " ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﻧﻘﯾض " اﻟﺳوق " ﯾﻘﺎل‬--
. ‫ﻣن ﺧﻠﻔﮭﺎ وﻋﻠﯾﮫ ﻓﻣﻛﺎن اﻟﻘﺎﺋد ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﻘدﻣﺔ ﻛﺎﻟدﻟﯾل واﻟﻘدوة واﻟﻣرﺷد‬
Leadership: The ability to influence others and guide •
their behavior to achieve common goals. It is therefore
a responsibility to the group to reach the goals set.
‫ ھﻲ اﻟﻘدرة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺗﺄﺛﯾر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻵﺧرﯾن وﺗوﺟﯾﮫ ﺳﻠوﻛﮭم ﻟﺗﺣﻘﯾﻖ‬:‫اﻟﻘﯾﺎدة‬--
‫ ﻓﮭﻲ إذن ﻣﺳؤوﻟﯾﺔ ﺗﺟﺎه اﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ اﻟﻣﻘودة ﻟﻠوﺻول إﻟﻰ‬.‫أھداف ﻣﺷﺗرﻛﺔ‬
. ‫اﻷھداف اﻟﻣرﺳوﻣﺔ‬
 Another definition: a process that aims to •
influence the behavior of individuals and
coordinate their efforts to achieve certain
goals.
‫ ھﻲ ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺔ ﺗﮭدف إﻟﻰ اﻟﺗﺄﺛﯾر ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻠوك اﻷﻓراد‬:‫ ﺗﻌرﯾف آﺧر‬--
.‫وﺗﻧﺳﯾﻖ ﺟﮭودھم ﻟﺗﺣﻘﯾﻖ أھداف ﻣﻌﯾﻧﺔ‬
Leader: A person who uses his influence and •
power to influence the behavior and direction
of individuals around him to achieve specific
goals.
‫ ھو اﻟﺷﺧص اﻟذي ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻧﻔوذه وﻗوﺗﮫ ﻟﯾؤﺛر ﻋﻠﻰ‬:‫ اﻟﻘﺎﺋد‬--
. ‫ﺳﻠوك وﺗوﺟﮭﺎت اﻷﻓراد ﻣن ﺣوﻟﮫ ﻹﻧﺟﺎز أھداف ﻣﺣددة‬
• How Does Leadership Work?‫ﻛﯾف ﺗﻌﻣل اﻟﻘﯾﺎدة‬
• In business, leadership is linked to
performance, and any leadership definition
has to take that into account. Therefore, while
leadership isn't intrinsically linked to profit,
those who are viewed as effective leaders in
corporate contexts are the ones who increase
their company's bottom line.
• ‫ وأي ﺗﻌرﯾف‬، ‫ ﺗرﺗﺑط اﻟﻘﯾﺎدة ﺑﺎﻷداء‬، ‫ﻓﻲ ﻣﺟﺎل اﻷﻋﻣﺎل‬
‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﯾن أن‬، ‫ ﻟذﻟك‬.‫ﻟﻠﻘﯾﺎدة ﯾﺟب أن ﯾﺄﺧذ ذﻟك ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺗﺑﺎر‬
ً ‫اﻟﻘﯾﺎدة ﻻ ﺗرﺗﺑط ارﺗﺑﺎ‬
‫ ﻓﺈن أوﻟﺋك اﻟذﯾن‬، ‫طﺎ ﺟوھرﯾًﺎ ﺑﺎﻟرﺑﺢ‬
‫ﯾُﻧظر إﻟﯾﮭم ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﮭم ﻗﺎدة ﻓﻌﺎﻟون ﻓﻲ ﺳﯾﺎﻗﺎت اﻟﺷرﻛﺔ ھم‬
.‫اﻟذﯾن ﯾزﯾدون أرﺑﺎح اﻟﺷرﻛﺔ‬
• If an individual in a leadership role does not meet profit
expectations set by boards, higher management, or
shareholders, they may be terminated.
• While there are people who seem to be naturally endowed
with more leadership abilities than others, anyone can
learn to become a leader by improving particular skills.
History is full of people who, while having no previous
leadership experience, have stepped to the fore in crises
and persuaded others to follow their suggested course of
action. They possessed traits and qualities that helped
them to step into roles of leadership.
‫• إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻔرد ﻓﻲ دور ﻗﯾﺎدي ﻻ ﯾﻔﻲ ﺑﺗوﻗﻌﺎت اﻟرﺑﺢ اﻟﺗﻲ ﺣددﺗﮭﺎ ﻣﺟﺎﻟس‬
.‫ ﻓﻘد ﯾﺗم إﻧﮭﺎؤھﺎ‬، ‫اﻹدارة أو اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﻠﯾﺎ أو اﻟﻣﺳﺎھﻣون‬
‫ﺻﺎ ﯾﺑدو أﻧﮭم ﯾﺗﻣﺗﻌون ﺑﺷﻛل طﺑﯾﻌﻲ ﺑﻘدرات ﻗﯾﺎدﯾﺔ‬ً ‫• ﻓﻲ ﺣﯾن أن ھﻧﺎك أﺷﺧﺎ‬
‫ ﯾﻣﻛن ﻷي ﺷﺧص أن ﯾﺗﻌﻠم أن ﯾﺻﺑﺢ ﻗﺎﺋدًا ﻣن ﺧﻼل ﺗﺣﺳﯾن‬، ‫أﻛﺛر ﻣن ﻏﯾرھم‬
‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟرﻏم ﻣن ﻋدم وﺟود‬، ‫ اﻟﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﻣﻠﻲء ﺑﺎﻷﺷﺧﺎص اﻟذﯾن‬.‫ﻣﮭﺎرات ﻣﻌﯾﻧﺔ‬
‫ ﻓﻘد ﺻﻌدوا إﻟﻰ اﻟﻣﻘدﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻷزﻣﺎت وأﻗﻧﻌوا اﻵﺧرﯾن‬، ‫ﺧﺑرة ﻗﯾﺎدﯾﺔ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻟﮭم‬
‫ اﻣﺗﻠﻛوا ﺳﻣﺎت وﺻﻔﺎت ﺳﺎﻋدﺗﮭم ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗوﻟﻲ‬.‫ﺑﺎﺗﺑﺎع ﻣﺳﺎر اﻟﻌﻣل اﻟذي اﻗﺗرﺣوه‬
.‫أدوار اﻟﻘﯾﺎدة‬
 ‫أھﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﻘﯿﺎدة‬
‫‪The importance of leadership‬‬
‫)‪• The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him‬‬
‫‪commanded to appoint the leader in the lowest gatherings‬‬
‫‪of mankind when he said: "If three people go out in a book,‬‬
‫‪let them tell one of them." Narrated by Abu Dawood, al-‬‬
‫‪Khattaabi said: The commander of France, Napoleon, said:‬‬
‫‪"An army of rabbits led by a lion, better than an army of‬‬
‫‪black led by a rabbit." Therefore, the importance of‬‬
‫‪leadership lies in:‬‬
‫• ﻻﺑد ﻟﻠﻣﺟﺗﻣﻌﺎت اﻟﺑﺷرﯾﺔ ﻣن ﻗﯾﺎدة ﺗﻧظم ﺷؤوﻧﮭﺎ وﺗﻘﯾم اﻟﻌدل ﺑﯾﻧﮭﺎ ﺣﺗﻰ ﻟﻘد أﻣر‬
‫اﻟﻧﺑﻲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﷲ ﻋﻠﯾﮫ وﺳﻠم ﺑﺗﻌﯾﯾن اﻟﻘﺎﺋد ﻓﻲ أﻗل اﻟﺗﺟﻣﻌﺎت اﻟﺑﺷرﯾﺔ ﺣﯾن ﻗﺎل‬
‫ﻋﻠﯾﮫ اﻟﺻﻼة واﻟﺳﻼم‪ " :‬إذا ﺧرج ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻔر ﻓﻠﯾﺄﻣروا أﺣدھم " رواه أﺑو‬
‫داوود ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﺧطﺎﺑﻲ‪ :‬إﻧﻣﺎ أﻣر ﺑذﻟك ﻟﯾﻛون أﻣرھم ﺟﻣﯾﻌﺎ ً وﻻ ﯾﺗﻔرق ﺑﮭم اﻟرأي‬
‫وﻻ ﯾﻘﻊ ﺑﯾﻧﮭم اﻻﺧﺗﻼف‪.‬وﻷھﻣﯾﺔ اﻟﻘﯾﺎدة ﻗﺎل اﻟﻘﺎﺋد اﻟﻔرﻧﺳﻲ ﻧﺎﺑﻠﯾون ‪" :‬ﺟﯾش ﻣن‬
‫اﻷراﻧب ﯾﻘوده أﺳد ‪ ،‬أﻓﺿل ﻣن ﺟﯾش ﻣن أﺳود ﯾﻘوده أرﻧب " وﻋﻠﯾﮫ ﻓﺄھﻣﯾﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻘﯾﺎدة ﺗﻛﻣن ﻓﻲ‪-:‬‬
 1) It is the link between the employees and the plans of the •
‫أﻧﮭﺎ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ اﻟوﺻول ﺑﯾن اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﯾن وﺑﯾن ﺧطط‬institution and its future visions.
. ‫اﻟﻣؤﺳﺳﺔ وﺗﺻوراﺗﮭﺎ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑﻠﯾﺔ‬
It is a melting pot that incorporates all concepts, strategies and (۲ •
. ‫أﻧﮭﺎ اﻟﺑوﺗﻘﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻧﺻﮭر داﺧﻠﮭﺎ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻣﻔﺎھﯾم واﻻﺳﺗراﺗﯾﺟﯾﺎت واﻟﺳﯾﺎﺳﺎت‬policies.
Strengthening the positive forces in the institution and reducing (۳ •
the negative aspects as much as possible
. ‫ﺗدﻋﯾم اﻟﻘوى اﻻﯾﺟﺎﺑﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣؤﺳﺳﺔ وﺗﻘﻠﯾص اﻟﺟواﻧب اﻟﺳﻠﺑﯾﺔ ﻗدر اﻹﻣﻛﺎن‬ •
to control and solve the problems of work, and resolve (٤ •
differences and weighting between opinions.
. ‫ وﺣﺳم اﻟﺧﻼﻓﺎت واﻟﺗرﺟﯾﺢ ﺑﯾن اﻵراء‬، ‫ﻟﺳﯾطرة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺷﻛﻼت اﻟﻌﻣل وﺣﻠﮭﺎ‬ •
The development, training and care of individuals as the most (٥ •
important resource of the institution, and individuals take the lead
role model.
‫ ﻛﻣﺎ أن اﻷﻓراد ﯾﺗﺧذون ﻣن‬، ‫ﺗﻧﻣﯾﺔ وﺗدرﯾب ورﻋﺎﯾﺔ اﻷﻓراد ﺑﺎﻋﺗﺑﺎرھم أھم ﻣورد ﻟﻠﻣؤﺳﺳﺔ‬ •
. ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋد ﻗدوة ﻟﮭم‬
keep abreast of the surrounding variables and employ them to (٦ •
. ‫ﻣواﻛﺑﺔ اﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾرات اﻟﻣﺣﯾطﺔ وﺗوظﯾﻔﮭﺎ ﻟﺧدﻣﺔ اﻟﻣؤﺳﺳﺔ‬serve the institution.
‫ﺗﺳﮭل ﻟﻠﻣؤﺳﺳﺔ‬Facilitate the organization to achieve the goals set. (۷ •
. ‫ﺗﺣﻘﯾﻖ اﻷھداف اﻟﻣرﺳوﻣﺔ‬
 The requirements of the leadership and its
components:
: ‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻘﯿﺎدة وﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮھﺎ‬
(: ‫ •ﻣﺗطﻠﺑﺎت اﻟﻘﯾﺎدة ھﻲ‬Leadership requirements are:( •
Impact: The ability to make a change or to create a •
conviction.
. ‫ اﻟﻘدرة ﻋﻠﻰ إﺣداث ﺗﻐﯾﯾر ﻣﺎ أو إﯾﺟﺎد ﻗﻧﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﺎ‬:‫أ(اﻟﺗﺄﺛﯾر‬ •
B) Influence: The ability to create or prevent an order, •
which is linked to self-abilities rather than to the status
of the job. •
‫ وھو ﻣرﺗﺑط ﺑﺎﻟﻘدرات اﻟذاﺗﯾﺔ‬،‫ اﻟﻘدرة ﻋﻠﻰ إﺣداث أﻣر أو ﻣﻧﻌﮫ‬:‫ب(اﻟﻧﻔوذ‬ •
.‫وﻟﯾس ﺑﺎﻟﻣرﻛز اﻟوظﯾﻔﻲ‬
C) Legal authority: The right given to the commander •
to act and obey.
.‫ وھﻲ اﻟﺣﻖ اﻟﻣﻌطﻰ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺋد ﻓﻲ أن ﯾﺗﺻرف وﯾطﺎع‬:‫ﺟـ( اﻟﺳﻠطﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﻧوﻧﯾﺔ‬ •
 :‫ •ﻋﻧﺎﺻر اﻟﻘﯾﺎدة ھﻲ‬The elements of leadership are •
1- The existence of a group of individuals.,
‫وﺟود ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ ﻣن اﻻﻓراد‬ •
2-Agree on the objectives of the group seeking to •
reach them.
.‫اﻻﺗﻔﺎق ﻋﻠﻰ أھداف ﻟﻠﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ ﺗﺳﻌﻰ ﻟﻠوﺻول إﻟﯾﮭﺎ‬ •
3-The presence of a leader from the group with •
influence, management thought, correct decision
and ability to positively influence the behavior of
the group.
‫وﺟود ﻗﺎﺋ ٍد ﻣن اﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ ذي ﺗﺄﺛﯾر وﻓﻛر إداري وﻗرار ﺻﺎﺋب‬ •
.‫وﻗدرة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺗﺄﺛﯾر اﻹﯾﺟﺎﺑﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻠوك اﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ‬
 The difference between leadership and
‫ اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻘﯿﺎدة واﻻدارة‬management:
• Talk about leadership is old history, while the •
talk about management began only in the last
decades of the nineteenth century, but leadership
is a branch of management science.
‫ ﺑﯾﻧﻣﺎ اﻟﺣدﯾث ﻋن اﻹدارة ﻟم‬،‫اﻟﺣدﯾث ﻋن اﻟﻘﯾﺎدة ﻗدﯾم ﻗدم اﻟﺗﺎرﯾﺦ‬ •
‫ﯾﺑدأ إﻻ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻘود اﻷﺧﯾرة ﻣن اﻟﻘرن اﻟﺗﺎﺳﻊ ﻋﺷر وﻣﻊ ذﻟك‬
. ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻘﯾﺎدة ﻓرع ﻣن ﻋﻠم اﻹدارة‬
Management focuses on four main processes: • •
planning, organization, direction and supervision,
oversight.
،‫ اﻟﺗﻧظﯾم‬،‫ اﻟﺗﺧطﯾط‬:‫ﺗرﻛز اﻹدارة ﻋﻠﻰ أرﺑﻊ ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺎت رﺋﯾﺳﯾﺔ ھﻲ‬ •
.‫ اﻟرﻗﺎﺑﺔ‬،‫اﻟﺗوﺟﯾﮫ واﻹﺷراف‬
 (۳) ‫ •ﺗرﺗﻛز اﻟﻘﯾﺎدة ﻋﻠﻰ‬Leadership focuses on three main processes: •
‫ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺎت رﺋﯾﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺣدﯾد اﻻﺗﺟﺎه واﻟرؤﯾﺔ‬A) Determination of direction and vision. •
‫ﺣﺷد اﻟﻘوى ﺗﺣت ھذه اﻟرؤﯾﺔ‬B) Mobilize forces under this vision. •
‫اﻟﺗﺣﻔﯾز وﺣﺷد اﻟﮭﻣم‬C) Motivation and motivation. •
Leadership focuses on emotion while management focuses on • •
logic.
.‫اﻟﻘﯾﺎدة ﺗرﻛز ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺎطﻔﺔ ﺑﯾﻧﻣﺎ اﻹدارة ﺗرﻛز ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣﻧطﻖ‬ •
The leadership of the faculties is interested in "choosing the right • •
work" while management is concerned with the particulars and
details "choosing the right way to work".
" ‫ﺗﮭﺗم اﻟﻘﯾﺎدة ﺑﺎﻟﻛﻠﯾﺎت " اﺧﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻌﻣل اﻟﺻﺣﯾﺢ " ﺑﯾﻧﻣﺎ ﺗﮭﺗم اﻹدارة ﺑﺎﻟﺟزﺋﯾﺎت واﻟﺗﻔﺎﺻﯾل‬ •
. " ‫اﺧﺗﯾﺎر اﻟطرﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺻﺣﯾﺣﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻣل‬
Participate in defining the target and create the right atmosphere • •
to achieve, and then ensure that the completion of the required
according to certain criteria and foundations.
‫ ﺛم اﻟﺗﺄﻛد ﻣن إﻧﺟﺎز اﻟﻣطﻠوب‬،‫ﯾﺷﺗرﻛﺎن ﻓﻲ ﺗﺣدﯾد اﻟﮭدف وﺧﻠﻖ اﻟﺟو اﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳب ﻟﺗﺣﻘﯾﻘﮫ‬ •
.‫وﻓﻖ ﻣﻌﺎﯾﯾر وأﺳس ﻣﻌﯾﻧﺔ‬
‫اﻟدﻋم ‪ ،‬اﻟﺗﺣﻔﯾز ‪ ،‬اﻻھداف ‪ ،‬اﻟﻧﺟﺎح‪،‬‬
‫اﻟﻣﺳﺎھﻣﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ او اﻟﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬
• There are basically five primary functions of
management. These are:
:‫ وھﻲ‬.‫• ھﻧﺎك ﺧﻣس وظﺎﺋف أﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ ﻟﻺدارة‬
• 1. Planning ‫اﻟﺗﺧطﯾط‬
• 2. Organizing ‫اﻟﺗﻧظﯾم‬
• 3. Staffing ‫اﻟﺗوظﯾف‬
• 4. Directing ‫اﻻﺧراج‬
• 5. Controlling ‫اﻟﺳﯾطرة‬
• 1. Planning
• A future-oriented job that sets the direction of
the organization. On the basis of which decisions
are made today. It involves predicting the future
as well as trying to control events and being able
to anticipate the long-term effects of current
actions in the future.
‫ اﻟﺗﺧطﯾط‬.۱ •
‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﺎﺳﮭﺎ‬.‫• وظﯾﻔﺔ ﻣوﺟﮭﺔ ﻧﺣو اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل وﺗﺣدد اﺗﺟﺎه اﻟﻣﻧظﻣﺔ‬
‫ إﻧﮭﺎ ﯾﻧطوي ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺗﻧﺑؤ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل وﻛذﻟك‬. ‫ﺗﺗﺧذ اﻟﻘرارات اﻟﯾوم‬
‫ﻣﺣﺎوﻟﺔ اﻟﺳﯾطرة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺣداث واﻟﻘدرة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗوﻗﻊ ﺗﺄﺛﯾرات‬
.‫اﻹﺟراءات اﻟﺣﺎﻟﯾﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣدى اﻟطوﯾل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل‬
• Planning may be effective due to both external and
internal factors. External factors are (lack of resources.
Both capital and materials, the general economic trend
in relation to interest rates and inflation, dynamic
technological developments, increased government
regulation regarding society's interests, unstable
international political environments, etc.) As for the
interior, represented by the foundations of the
infrastructure, the culture and interaction of society
and the level of services.
.‫• وﻗد ﯾﻛون اﻟﺗﺧطﯾط ﻓﻌﺎل ﺑﺗﺄﺛﯾر ﻛل ﻣن اﻟﻌواﻣل اﻟﺧﺎرﺟﯾﺔ واﻟداﺧﻠﯾﺔ‬
، ‫ ﻛل ﻣن رأس اﻟﻣﺎل واﻟﻣواد‬.‫اﻟﻌواﻣل اﻟﺧﺎرﺟﯾﺔ ھﻲ )ﻧﻘص اﻟﻣوارد‬
‫ اﻟﺗطورات‬، ‫اﻻﺗﺟﺎه اﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎدي اﻟﻌﺎم ﻓﯾﻣﺎ ﯾﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺄﺳﻌﺎر اﻟﻔﺎﺋدة واﻟﺗﺿﺧم‬
‫ زﯾﺎدة اﻟﺗﻧظﯾم اﻟﺣﻛوﻣﻲ ﻓﯾﻣﺎ ﯾﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻣﺻﺎﻟﺢ‬، ‫اﻟﺗﻛﻧوﻟوﺟﯾﺔ اﻟدﯾﻧﺎﻣﯾﻛﯾﺔ‬
.‫ إﻟﺦ‬، ‫ اﻟﺑﯾﺋﺎت اﻟﺳﯾﺎﺳﯾﺔ اﻟدوﻟﯾﺔ ﻏﯾر اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘرة‬، ‫اﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ‬
‫• اﻣﺎ اﻟداﺧﻠﯾﺔ ﻣﺗﻣﺛﻠﺔ ﺑﻣرﺗﻛزات اﻟﺑﻧﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﺣﺗﯾﺔ وﺛﻘﺎﻓﺔ وﺗﻔﺎﻋل اﻟﻣﺣﺗﻣﻊ‬
‫وﻣﺳﺗوى اﻟﺧدﻣﺎت‬
• 2. Organizing
• Organizing requires a formal structure of
authority and the direction and flow of such
authority through which work subdivisions are
defined, arranged and coordinated so that each
part relates to the other part in a united and
coherent manner so as to attain the prescribed
objectives.
‫• اﻟﺗﻧظﯾم‬
ً
‫ھﯾﻛﻼ رﺳﻣﯾًﺎ ﻟﻠﺳﻠطﺔ واﺗﺟﺎ ًھﺎ وﺗدﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﮭذه اﻟﺳﻠطﺔ‬ ‫• ﯾﺗطﻠب اﻟﺗﻧظﯾم‬
‫اﻟﺗﻲ ﯾﺗم ﻣن ﺧﻼﻟﮭﺎ ﺗﺣدﯾد ﺗﻘﺳﯾﻣﺎت اﻟﻌﻣل اﻟﻔرﻋﯾﺔ وﺗرﺗﯾﺑﮭﺎ‬
‫وﺗﻧﺳﯾﻘﮭﺎ ﺑﺣﯾث ﯾﻛون ﻛل ﺟزء ﻣﻧﮭﺎ ﯾﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺟزء اﻵﺧر ﺑطرﯾﻘﺔ‬
.‫ﻣوﺣدة وﻣﺗﻣﺎﺳﻛﺔ ﻟﺗﺣﻘﯾﻖ اﻷھداف اﻟﻣﺣددة‬
• 3. Staffing:
• It means maintaining an adequate workforce for
the project at both the managerial and non-
managerial levels. It involves a process of
recruiting, training, developing, compensating
and evaluating employees and maintaining this
workforce with appropriate incentives and
motivations.
‫ اﻟﺗوظﯾف‬.۳ •
‫• ھﻲ ﺗﻌﻧﻲ اﻻﺣﺗﻔﺎظ ﺑﻘوة ﻋﻣل ﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﺷروع ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣﺳﺗوﯾﯾن‬
‫ إﻧﮭﺎ ﺗﻧطوي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺔ ﺗوظﯾف وﺗدرﯾب‬.‫اﻹداري وﻏﯾر اﻹداري‬
‫وﺗطوﯾر وﺗﻌوﯾض وﺗﻘﯾﯾم اﻟﻣوظﻔﯾن واﻟﺣﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ ھذه اﻟﻘوة‬
.‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺣواﻓز واﻟدواﻓﻊ اﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ‬
• 4. Directing
• The directing function is concerned with
leadership, communication, motivation, and
supervision so that the employees perform
their activities in the most efficient manner
possible, in order to achieve the desired goals.
‫ اﻹﺧراج‬.٤ •
‫• ﺗﮭﺗم وظﯾﻔﺔ اﻟﺗوﺟﯾﮫ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﯾﺎدة واﻟﺗواﺻل واﻟﺗﺣﻔﯾز واﻹﺷراف‬
، ‫ﺣﺗﻰ ﯾؤدي اﻟﻣوظﻔون أﻧﺷطﺗﮭم ﺑﺄﻛﺛر اﻟطرق ﻛﻔﺎءة ﻣﻣﻛﻧﺔ‬
.‫ﻣن أﺟل ﺗﺣﻘﯾﻖ اﻷھداف اﻟﻣرﺟوة‬
• 5. Controlling
• The function of control consists of those activities
that are undertaken to ensure that the events do
not deviate from the pre-arranged plans. The
activities consist of establishing standards for
work performance, measuring performance and
comparing it to these set standards and taking
corrective actions as and when needed, to
correct any deviations.
‫ اﻟﺳﯾطرة‬.٥ •
‫• ﺗﺗﻛون وظﯾﻔﺔ اﻟﺗﺣﻛم ﻣن ﺗﻠك اﻷﻧﺷطﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ﯾﺗم اﻟﻘﯾﺎم ﺑﮭﺎ ﻟﻠﺗﺄﻛد ﻣن‬
‫ ﺗﺗﻛون‬.‫أن اﻷﺣداث ﻻ ﺗﻧﺣرف ﻋن اﻟﺧطط اﻟﻣرﺗﺑﺔ ﻣﺳﺑﻘًﺎ‬
‫اﻷﻧﺷطﺔ ﻣن وﺿﻊ ﻣﻌﺎﯾﯾر ﻷداء اﻟﻌﻣل وﻗﯾﺎس اﻷداء وﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺗﮫ‬
‫ﺑﮭذه اﻟﻣﻌﺎﯾﯾر اﻟﻣﺣددة واﺗﺧﺎذ اﻹﺟراءات اﻟﺗﺻﺣﯾﺣﯾﺔ ﻋﻧد اﻟﺣﺎﺟﺔ‬
.‫ﻟﺗﺻﺣﯾﺢ أي اﻧﺣراﻓﺎت‬
• The controlling function involves:
• a. Establishment of standard performance.
• b. Measurement of actual performance.
• c. Measuring actual performance with the pre-
determined standard and finding out the
deviations.
• d. Taking corrective action.
:‫ﺗﺗﺿﻣن وظﯾﻔﺔ اﻟﺗﺣﻛم‬ •
.‫ إﻧﺷﺎء اﻷداء اﻟﻘﯾﺎﺳﻲ‬.‫أ‬ •
.‫ ﻗﯾﺎس اﻷداء اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ‬.‫ب‬ •
‫ ﻗﯾﺎس اﻷداء اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻣﻌﯾﺎر اﻟﻣﺣدد ﻣﺳﺑﻘﺎ ً وﻣﻌرﻓﺔ‬.‫ج‬ •
.‫اﻻﻧﺣراﻓﺎت‬
‫ اﺗﺧﺎذ اﻹﺟراءات اﻟﺗﺻﺣﯾﺣﯾﺔ‬.‫د‬ •