“60, = COORG BE ATA” AIT SGT Real Numbers and Inequalities fa E cacaR igre Bratt at fey ASAT ora Rata ANT aa ATA GTR FAS Hee 3f6 | aa ARTO EG Bafa act Te Feu Was Sattert woes | ory Fert wags asta SPBi-a7 airioe tot at A AIT ATT MPF | Feo stat SS et | HeTta Behe wer raf wl aBee eat wa ea) BT 1000-44 Fay Fest ORR APTA wAIeT (Vulgar fraction) 48a sR) RTF * (750—690)-4 HCA SASH ates BSS 500-1 meg farors afseaet OETA Heehts MAT OF | Rea aitea oR ear (John Wallies) (1616-1703) “a ara stem Praca asta (Pierre “Bouguer) 3a 1670 se 1734 Ret Weert wPTEIA HS (< aaa 3b) WAT S| RII" The Analytical Arts Applied to Solving “Algebraic Equations" ire 7m sitio unis Bari =feai5 (Thomas Harriot, 1560-1621) FRG4 @ HASH fe (< alae >) aRH FAT 1631 SICH ae eA | sh-craeé. = ST (Cauchy-Schwarz inequality) Faria oprTenraat > reset SR ae yt wire Ror Rafe =A a weTicaT Tage Ace A a Piece 8 ahea meeps fafea Bec’ eat eacw sAtaca | = ates nea Sart flees aa ate tac | 8 ART FT BETTI PHS Te SAT GAT SACS ARTA | = maT tera eta eal, SN. G etc PACS *INACA | 8 GS TAS HATS GTS] AHI! FATS AACA. 8 bets HafeTS SPITS WAI PALS ACA . ATTA AHS SAAS AMT FATS ARCA | IF DEY SAMOS ATCA APRN ATA FAS Aa 2 BR percere catstetM SPT! lal FATS TTS | “OR pase ci comers crib TIT ATT FACS, PACA | am + cstef eta (Georg Cantor) ST WHI, vBe 1 GF fabrtan, aire 2 ort 2 RRL eat ar @, AeA ASOT aE ARGt BS BAS APM (more numbers) | FER CRIA GH, ETH ye TET FATT FEAT aR Fey se) Aa TIE (cardinal) 2%. S515% (ordinal) GAA 35, , OF, ... APS AIT ase OITA brficos Poicat ae atat SCA | * FSR eons se, Stor ents ‘AAARV ae ASIA (transcendental) | SH id SIMs FACT TTA ANE | RT 2 FSR SF (co) 8h SITES | SO: bay oT A stee eM Fei gy OS WF | S808 Fees ome #19 8a | Ws wu, seyy atte ota > S-D 2 TSANG! @ TIA AT Bes > D-2 6 0 : Bee eigen Sie eat 78-8 2 OTT 6 WATS PMS Tenf > MD-@ 1 HATA Oe are bers TARTS PRTC 1-2 ee Date TARTS SPT ATA, APT Ta oPRl, Gareataret > Md-9 6 2 wRNAA-1(A) > MIB 2 Oe De SADIE ATR ANIC SA, HR Pat cAI PTET Mae PR DrERAS coh eps eS. > *d-S0 : Barer > NS-y9 98 99s BEperA-10B)Bows fe free a atts 1.13 Aeht ls Stas MTA BAAS (Real Numbers and Subsets of Real Numbers) ated Fe Pas HS erat ey one ache, wretee Hedy, Oi eet, B-setrrs ‘qefoieeht, Bee HAH, MUS AHA Re TS OT AAT HHT HV TAA ATE CATT | FAH (Integer): THT ITE TAH, VATS HPAI oT Pew POA AB SS | AAA « GHOCH Z wat eer Sat VA SAR Z = f..—3,-2,- 1,02, 3,1 MSHS AUT (Natural number); ASA TAS A HAICH WOHTH ACT TA VA) ASA AEs Feats AGTH IN Bat rad Fa VMAS IN = (1, 2,3)... | SFIS SATE Brees AEH MHPRPS za, Hare WTS HLH] HATHA ALITG At AT | HEAT TER APRA CABLE Zs wlal eM Fa BT”. Zo = IN = {1, 2, 3, I E-aeers oFiet (Non negative integer): “5 (0) 78 AFA MEAS HMC S-AHAE APAHT FeT| FH SATS PATE CHOC Z 29 A ISM FAB, Z 20 = {0, 1, 2,3, .} = {0} UZ >! > Gifts Fett (Prime number): 1 TAS @ AAA Bess HeIt AT a AeHt @ 1 wat EteG, @ TRAC ATS FANT A AA | Se TIS AeA GIDTS P Utah eet Fal BA | Sale, P = {2, 3, 5, 7, JU; 13, 17, 19, 23,0}. SNRs Hes GIB ara Fey CALA WAHT | ‘ese eet (Negative number): “FF (0) BCT cad AeaiAS at Metts AAT | QA: -1,=2, 4,32, 0.211, -0.62, -4.12034506 cree Bona ‘WTS ALT (Negative integer): “AT (0) Sere Ald aetaeasics Sets eae Set SA FSM AATF WATT ABZ eg FA, Z cg > (0 ae 3-29 FF | 3a Het (Rational number): @ 7A AVIS f SRA SFT A A, (GAIA p, q € Z aA q #0) 2 HBA AICS AM RAT FE A | FHA YA AHA CHS Q al Ft FAL | aH, Q= 2p, ge zen qeoh @ ED -phreara cat, Ramet ore aS A HE a oF neat RR RI kim wrt an, weet PT AR we AT CH: B = A=] ag a 2 8 =F (al pre AA) | HAT A (OAR Reha CAE ADH AIPis OHSS ACD, TI Sate (fractions) Ros APS | Gi) whe g = 1 ea ea, B eters sree gem TA SPIO AN Gif) Ome FH HT A Satet BIT AAT | ‘SEEM ACT (Lrrational number): ot =e AIT Estee eet eal AA AT (TA, pqezs RTT aR g 4 0), 2 RR Tee OT eel A | HT SET TA CATT Q! wal PL Fal WH Gls, Q’ = fk ox E R GR x ¢ Qh}, wa set Hela CS ye HeHt se SAT PreeTT SETA Feet |gat ARTS CTTST sparen: V2, V3, V5.7, VT, wa eA, w) ee SHE ACT | ome CH, BAT HeeNTTE He were rar ace I HT HTS at gE we! (CAs) =A ee 2 0.14 RH wai) en f= 0.54 54 Shove oe oe = 0.54 (STIS HAA) | aortic SR TCR Hm HT tT AT, A HTS TS eH ct ITA et “aa at | RA, of = 1.414213562 «-- ---, w= 3,141592654 «= BB | ‘ast ARIA GIG (Set of real numbers): 74 FM FR AT ARI PT HIS CHOC TSA NAIA ad set | Selig QUT FET A ATH HY as oH ST HT | TSA HATA Gabe R wal 1atgR=QUQ’ cba ee eee SE SEIT Oy = OnTy4 Boor =O =e SRE RATT CHB 3 Q) 2 7) 2 C > © SA ABR ga ASAT evra Saco a AHS PTA: Juale Soca pores lat TET YeRLe NEZEQERIRR=QUQ’ NeEZ ZcQQCRARKQ «5 1 23.12, 23,-2 jePreant (Z) 3,-2,-1,0, 23ers . _— ow Bi 20h-05,53,25,25, 32 wpa Sater 5,3.13,=3.42,- 05 1.3, 3.12, 3121212... 2,3,5,7, 11,13,8 Sea Ae RE om ea er -5,2,V35007,22, 1,123 «+--+ 243, 0.24 enn IN Z CQ CR BRT AI | 1.1.1 Stas Heesta UHihaSes aeayt (Geometrical Interpretation of Real Numbers) FS TES HTS OA HGP COE MS aaAls Baa SAPS (9 Fifes carenbcw aReateTet a BA At (real line) FAA omen f= 1.732... . ial | [on e= 2.718... m= 3.14159... 2 P [Aa {7 Sah IIE 0 1 Q 2 3 off, Gen fice Fares gs ast Hae X'OX, Gen O yafey | yah O c 0 (ET) Feld Gray cavAT Sea, O Ga VIA WAM ANIA WATE Aj, Ad, As, s.. PRTC AATEC 1, 2,3, ... FRU BPA ae TAVASHA, O AGT AY, AD, A's, ou fermafeice Betery -1;-2, -3, ... 1 13 meer Samar Facaoat-aH wre,3,3 2 sera X'OX cA MAIC OS AL, ALS An, Ar Aj Srp we eas saga, 5-3, 2 neenafit watacs O ae Ar AY Als, ADR AY fag art TAPS | Yale ASI FI AGI, XOX Gris Baa wahes aa AAS fey cam aq O aU first ‘eeteger rrree cree ara Facet HRT Setar eat FACIAL aT AT WH, PA; L OX a4 OA, = A,P = 1; SR, OA,P aid Tah wafeay fase | GTO a wa ofsee OP = OAT + AP =P +P = 1/2 a8 am ENE fica ae geott SIs, aT OX Q Rage cer Fa TAA, OQ = 2, Fash SET Heh | qEae, Q RYE as aa ATT aor Sea (bea Bias SAID SPM Fe, AA: 4/3, e, 1, V2, 3, aA Fels Sas eats Berl sare, ea weg AeriklShr gctaler Slee Berl at fre Ser aay eases Sart oy | PeriSts tale iss al at fre art: ses AeA GH R ga Testa gata iss arf AS CAN (+) Gee YAM (,) at Bra rsa lat: cat: se]aS4 FRAG SPOT Vara tte ara; 3"! =} ER337S33F1 le @ ab ato ab eR@atbeR aR aT aut FR AM: 2,3 ERW2+3=5ER TR Closure Law |(ii) a,b R @AabeR SRA GPM: 2,3 ER .2.3=6ER Re oe Fae an |G) abe R@atb=bta ‘affam BR See OMA, 3 eRe 2+353+2 aca (Gi) a,b, © R WA ab=ba Lan eo 3 " OPA: 2,3 ¢ R WAI =3.2 ree re inane Ga, b, ce R BA (a+b) +c=at(b4c) ment Ta ACATEHT T4, Bane GRA: 2, 3H Rv. (2+3)44=2+ (344) ae i (ii) a, b, CER AI (ab)c = abe) vical Law AL fae arm: 2, 3,4 ER’. (234 = 23.4) ta () ae RBtat0=0+a=a a percer se GP: 3 €R.34+0=0+3=3 eres ‘y. (@)a @R&al=lana aie Meniity GPR: 3. R31 =13=3 hail (i) a e@ R&A —ae R @iat(—a) = (-a) +a=0 a @a:2 eR Wa, ER ata Rotter ota f 24(-2)=(-2) +220 Existence of |(ii) a7! = eR aa’ inverse. seta feetiores aig oa fae Distributive Law () a,b,c eR A a(b +c) ab tac GPR 2,3,4eR +4)=2.3+24=6+8=14 (i) a, b,c ER Ba (b+ c)a=batca GA: 2,3,4eR 2.3 +4)2=3.2442=648=14 aon Fae Bee A Uniqueness Law la, bjo, de R Ra=bec=d Bi, atc=b+da4Rac=bd [srrrrer fae ‘@afee Herd (Order axioms): 0; : Wa, be R ASH a>bNa=bTab Sb>cW OA a>c; TA ab WA, ate>b+oRWAs 04: Wi a, by, dE R FRa> bae>d Wo, ate>b+dwas Os: Aa, bce R RRa>b ¢ c> 0 BBA ac> be; SAH a> b Re <0 WA, ac 0;.b > 0H BA, ab>O RA! ER 4 85 a 20X41v _ Boer ie fase ag 1.2.1 TBI Als BACT CHT SHA Mehta earASiSe eertoat_ SISA Fela ser BASS Ass Hehia aT Banh GA Het aA AT | PCH AT HITS BAGH Z ae cote teenie yah See Ret wie cust @ seme SMC Fay RCT | @ SR AR: CF 6 pT af HOF ZY Ue TT abe ZAUTatbeZ @Rabe Z Gi) FATE AR; creme yer efeara AIR Z Crba Sora ACTEM TS Sale AHA a, b,c ZA Fiat (b+ c)=(a+b)+ c HR a(be) = (ab)e Gil) TETHT SEAM: Z as CRE ANTS 6 STI OO PATA At, He a © Z aa op a+0=O+a=agRal=La=a vy) Petters Seite: yen Z as cra austere Fea Ra udie HE ae Zea oy extbae — a CET Tew) Fa aS a + Ca) = Ca) + a= 0.13 Z aa -1 6 1 FSO OH CAT TACT Ta Fete Za FAIA GR | CHA: Qe Z oa AstHs Reais 4 at oy axe} xie i Rghez (v) Far FAR: CATER @ oom elfeaa aI Z a Sarma RRMA adie He a, b eZ aa Wat b=b+aaarab=ba (vi) 355 AR, cHer afeura Big gem ea aE Z oa Bamayft. acy adie HT a,b,c e Z M3 Sha (b+c)=ab+acwar(b+c)la=batca (vil) GTS A: Ba, b, c,d eZ GRa=b, c= dB, WHat+c=—b+d aac =bd. BC HPA SATS Bera eels Oca Sta Hee ParhPR UCIT FA Carat: crite a, If fae ag etre 3 eis VR CET eT) NaS ACA SA, m Bf ah gt aatb eS Bf eT | SY AG AA A, «J SAT HT | HBT AaB TTS ot n STR, AEE n2 16a p @ gq oar FRCS AF eet | ‘ a, Vmi= 5 = p=viiig =p mq (af aa] =F =ma AIRY p's q Waa FAAS, BE p? @ q THA ARATE | TAI, q > 1 (poate Ea A AG TTS FET Feel ari =A | BARAT, mg Wat ATR IF eet BS AT 2 “Bre mg eee AT RTS a a SA mg orem aa So Gra Heegt OS TA, Belle fm on 2m et or eT | MyaS ALT 8 SPHTST a 1.2.2 TSI Media spialers Sart fees sersioa att (Some proofs of axioms of real numbers properties) (a) WHALE Rg AIT BTSHF GAT | Ott: WET SA, TSA eas CD IR-9 0 ae O! BRAG arta SESS GZ, GA APAX € RAT X+0=x RX +O =X, ARG A x eR TTT x + 0 =x; Bae ors ceca, 0 +0 =0" SNA, CLAS APA x CR AF A x + 0’ =x, Fare fata oew, 0+ 0" =0 (i) 8 (ii) FR RS AR, 0" = 0, [> As FAI, 0 +0= 040] FSAI, TSI ALI CG R-4 AIA TOTS GAA | (b) TSTAVIA CT R-9 PICA MOTE TAT | ates TA BAR, aq Aah OH Rd c GAR e HRB Acs SCOAS BITE, OM AA x € RGU xe =x ARR xe! =x, CRY AFA x O'R GA OT xe = x; Uae ROTI CFT e’e =e! ORS, ARS AHI xER GT GAT xe"= x, Fae AT CHT ee! = €. (i) ¢ Gi) "RWS AR e' =e, [-- My WHI, ee ee] ; BUG, TST FHT AP R~9 SO TEAS OAT | (oT OH R-9 atta Reales Ba IT | OM; AT HA, ATS ARES HAT KT TT Roo BRA aes eT y @ z Fara, @A xt+ysy+x=0 GRxtZ=z2t+x=0 URGE, 2=2+0 [ars Sroncra Ofay ATS! FR] =zt+(x+y) — [(i) ¥ll =(2#x)ty — [lets Heres Fale] =0+y (Gi) a] =y [arcs sconces Gag Arret FRR “zy WS, ass AeA CAB R- AIA alos Goitmea GAT | @. Aer TeH CB R-9 Sie Rete Ba oT | ems; Wea SR, ACOTS OAT TSS AT x OTR WRI ste et y 6 2 PA GA xy=yx=1 FR XZ= zx = 1 GORE z= 2.1 (aes Seerces Starr PR] = x(xy) (@) At) = @oy [sets carers FRR] sly (Gi) ra] =y [atest SeEAes way TT FR] z=y URag, TH ATA. AD R-9 Wea Fralos Boras Gy |v Bow He fear tq “a3 Hale Cnterval). : ft a 6 b FRB Tea Fees AR a b} Cate BARRA = b 4, -() an ats orbs Baten Ate, ay Ae at TOSS ts BART TILE A | (il) GF Gat Onda Brteat Me, wa Rafa a GaYE Reis YA GAYE A | 1.2.5 HSI AIT CG F}Fot “F (Completeness property of real numbers) areas Ha OD aT eget BARS ses ets Brora cate aT ART x € R TA ae ral FD a ag Pasie ates eas Baca aa erry RARE < R UTA 1a CTE area mera sPsor eof aa Baty: Fa eis GC Hse of AMG AT | GW: WA A, S = {xx © QURO o fg (Z)= 22> 3, Foy Se Sake § ea BAS oF | st15-8 AAS (Inequalities) SPST aa. oteate “UfSs ACIS AAP (Mathematical expression) at Ae, afsaty At ufos aaa STIS APTS (Order Relation) Fem aca | sHfSiferwErs UPTO '<' (less than), '>' (greater than), 's' (less than or equal), '2' (greater than or equal) Soph} wre eShs Bat APT Fa 2> 1 OMT 1 <2 GF TE AR 2, 1 CHF AW HT 1, 2 CCS CAP) GIA, x > O VPVG x aH ATT TCA BAT HSL RAG x? > 0 TCHS x = 0 FAS AHA VWSI WC OY AST) HHT! F STR ACT Sere CaP TIe Fre ATI atecne CHTTOI eT FPA CHICAT Feast ST AIC ST Res a cae ters TS Rot aca | die AAG CI at weer FETA HRT AIT CAT SPTTET Bre aa | SpTTeT sifcw Rona Fer HAT SA TTR | CATA contains, IS, aT BHT Pate, FeRBTT S VEE ifs Vreingy Wer ACOs SEAS GMS SepraPey GAGA HAT TA FATT |ARS ALIS CPST @2x-y<4 (ii)2x-ys4 5 ze EY ® Gah nf (Properdige? Adatison): abceR Goa @AhabB Waate>bte BHRA: CRP 2 <3, TRA, 241<3 41 MRGATRYS> 4, OAS HLS 441 @ Aencta &F (Properties of Subtruction): 4, b,c eR 4s 5A5- (3H a bw a—c>b-c ‘Wate: ABI <3, SA, 2-13 — 1 ae TRB 4 33, UE 42> 32 @)- eta of (Properties of Multiplication): a, b,c € R 4 Wy- (DAM a OW, SA ac be Beateat: (i) AAG 2<3 A (2) (4) <3) (4) (ii) CRG, 2 < 3 IRA (2) (4) (3) (-4) ©) wis «nf (Properties of Division) : a,b, c « Kua try (x a 3RQ Swe ie Se te PTET HAS sor ers RecA Aa Q) aia, b,c oR a a= b-a>0 ‘atata, b,c E R ARB bac—b>0 4) 88 (ii) GAIT FEHR, (b— a) + (C= b)> 0 +0 =>c-a>0 => crata>Ota [Soritma GIT a] =>cra a <4 . Q@ afia,b,ceR@,aa=b-a>0 => b-atc> Orc lSoaITF c IA +a] =>bte>are wateac0 Qt: a,b € Rgae WPF TPH, aa=>b-a>0 => (b-a).c>c.0,Ic>0 > be-ac>0. => be —ac + ac > 0 + ac SEIT ac AN Rel) =>be>ac : yeac be, We <0 (4) afta, b,c, de RB, atea-b<0 @aeco-d (ato)<(b+d)+(b+d)<0 + (b+ d) [BemATF (b + d) eat vatex0,b>omert >t © sata; GIB. a,b ER GAR a> 0, b> OCR a Fa wl “ab BBG: a,b eR BA a 0): a> O WA, -a<0 HAJ al=a=p—lal=—a [also Unis, 0 Oe] al=-a>-lal=a 2 -lal=a<0<-a=|a| adie, —|a|=a 0): az 0°, |al=a Baa FHS FE (TAT a a secon (ii) @ 8 Gi) RISA, |al2a38 VO We ab eR AW, |af=a’ ent : a> 0 WA, 'a|=a—> [al lata <0@A, |a|=-a—> (pe (i) FAS AR fa P= a? wegen, |— a P= (— a) =a? Bw te far ig al aR|ab|=|a]]b] (Pir cat: 30; at: Catz od] , is laPaat spay, |aP ais, | ab |? = (ab)* [(ii) Ae stat] =a'b'=|af|bf=( ais, fab = ((a |b? a||b)P RE | ab | oe" a: || b | Boras errs, eae Bor TF AS aL TITS AA gS wa M1, | ab|=|a||b| Fa, b eR AH; (i) |atb|< PR Gt: 98, Ob; AI: Al: 90, 99, 09, o€; i: CAI: 98, 92, 30; Gi) | a=b Jal+|b| [or Gate '90, ob, Ob; Fi Gz 98, 92, 30, ob, o@; tr 9Y, 90, 09; A? Gt BY, 38, 90,08] Slal+ }b| [Dlr Gl: 94, WAIB d2-D0; Br Cl: 0d; T Gl: do] ear: () a] + |b) =\aP+2 a] [bl+|biF =at+2|ab|+b? [elaP=a%[ bP =b, |a||b|=| ab ] => (Ja|+(b |)? >a? + 2ab +b? [-- | ab |2 ab] => (lal+]b)P2 (+ by => (a+) d)P2 (abd = a+ bP < (lal + v fa b|< jal + fb) a Gi) a+b | <|a]+|b | > b eat afeaes —p TN, | a+ (-b) | < ja|+|C»)| |a-b]s|a/+|b] gira venir, ja-bl= att: |al=|(a—b)+blsfa-b FelCby=|b 1] la|—|b]| [pa 30-95 TI: Cat: 39; Az Cals 9@, ob; IAP CA: 32, 03] [+]b] >lal-tb]slaxb} =pja-bl>fal-[b] NO @ Hts, |b|=|(b-a)+a|<|b—al+al=|a—b|+]ah[- |b-al=|-@-b)|=|a-b]] = |a-bl2[b|-la] =]a-bl2- isis ja—b|sla|—|b] co) @ @ (ii) US HZ, -|a—b/||al—|b|} 2ares AOS STS xe Hal: OF OTS TUS SU eats gay is GSE AP Go Get aA OTN AID Naat AG, CAB at rar (less than or equal), 48 1 4A (greater than or equal) Seat eeMGS AHL GWA; X<7,X>7,XS7,X27,xX€7,X £7,% 7 BM | Dore THIS SHCT ax > by WH a> OC ax ab x>2 aaa (2, 2) FR TT b acoomanam (x, 2) ree ses ote | Pea = 0 OEE oe COAT THT ERAT az b= 0 44RD <0 4A TS HST | le] FT: x > 9 OTTO SEY A Bicee Satan HRs fre | Gifts SP (Compound inequalities):.a 3 Gab wa SPE | AAT AAT aA x > 0 Me CAT ETT ABT | CEA SPAST (Unconditional inequalities): & 7S GME] WHYS VACA ATS AAT ST FOS HS GHATS FT A | Bat x + 1 > x Gels HSB WT SAA AB x GI ACTS ACTS TA FATT | * her aes Folre ae bas TERS PIO CE ACAIOT | IK Nay RAT PTT AAP ICS FT OA Mears Heayl GAT Yo At GIT SAT SPTTO fire mC UAT | Os Gor Tas BHT SPOR fee 1c at | lyl ‘aR; (a) a> b= b> 7 Ix=1 FAM: 3x 2 > 2x — 1 => 3x-2=2x52x-1-2x [SemIeF (—2x) AIT eal] > x52>-1 DX-242>- 142° [Borer 2 AIA sea] “XD ] FAN: x > 1 We aa aa: x 923K +1yy Boowa aS RT oy ‘ 1 ‘Weare. 2, Ta a AR HTT CHD RANT AMD: x SX TT Sater xsgxtl 1 1 1 aix-dxpxsl => 29x S21 [Bear 2 3 ara] seg S2 Free ate IB: S= {x ER: x<2} xs2 FRITTA: 2-1 OND 23 HT HTT eee TAT GH eT le: x <5 + 4 ~ + [Eeteae a sare en ee sere eat meat ete ADS 9 x(x + sere: ED. 4 (7 SRI ey Ree UH ee Cora A x, CE 1) RR (x =_2), oF Rafa WeeG Bafta BRR eae Bide! forts wees yaia fos saree aa aida fe ATS = [1s [saat sai [orients | «-2) | + ~ z + + " P 0 2A - Fea aa GAB: Sx ER: - 1 2} Reagan: -15 FAA CAB REA (20,2) U (8, 00)-1 Sarna SPO Fate orca foal orca Bet AT |x| 0 4a CRC wa —a -2-2-45-22 HAMA FH AR HAT HD FRAGA CFA | 2.ra Sosa We RE ag (38) [eer pen eae ei eee rte : Gog > 2; (x5) [gab o-y9; Utz cats 905 Bz Als 90; Piz cats, 28, 90; 7 A: 38, o@; BE I: 09] 1 rly sata: moa? 2(- x#3) 1 At, |3x-5] <5 1 1 4-7 SK- 559 AG, 1 A OG +5<3x-S45<5 +5 2 3 u 4, 3 <3x<5 2) 2 4m? = 2q " sq =m... ... Gi) aaa, 2m’, 2 wal FRSTET, FEaKe ?, 2 eat ety Beis, g, 2 wat STET | staal (i) 8 (fi) LS GTA TH A, pe q Beas 2 tat fwroy, a etataet Fara | cor AT po GF WH 1 StS cata Heat Bee aE | 22, RUT ES tT AT Ware /2 rae ee F.: GaRETA ate eat wa 3, 5,7, Tl Borne aE Feet | Bret-11, ata eR MOA AA a. 0=0 Tot: Gtr'98, ob; At: Gay 98; Fr Gt: SY; GT: oF] etait: AEE Le R, 14051 lanes acer] al, [etera Sera Fate] 7, [a ntetel at, [aceta WEA] a, -atat+a0=-at+a laresa araTeI Fae] @,-Cata)+a0=-ata [eaters Herat FAR] a, 0+a0=0 force Fates] * a0=0 [extent seSAs] ‘Brrea-12, at ay b e R WA, Hae A (a+b)=—a-b . facut: ss] ett: a, b € R A -a, -b eR ©. (a+b) +(-a—b)=(-a—b) + (a+b) (careers, Fafa Fate] > (atb)+Card)=[Ca+ Cb) + +b) _ [Reatets sarge; =(-a)+[@b)+(at+b)] — lane ae PR] =(-a)+[(Cb) + (b+a)] leacts fafa fa) =(-a)+[{(-b) +b} Ha) [earra Feces FRR =(-a)+[0+a] lamers erste] =(-a)+a latcrs aTSHs] =0 : leas Retsto] ~ (a+b) F(Ca—b)=0 . 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S. weer 4, FATT o, CEM eT, ABT ART > Serre ete Bourg Eyam: 1. P= x —2], fx) =x aes g(x) = 3x +2: F-65510 ce aM fired RCT ae a p< tam orate ay, x? =4)<22 4 TR RATA NG) 0) SL + 1 @ Og 4 sea at aE 5. T™ {x ER: 7 + 6x—x°<0} SRS = {x EIR : Sx? - 16x +3 <0} B |x| > x Ga a ID felg aa | x T aa ry @ Saftey eta sa a Set oe me Ree anf pen} eB ={ 5 sn enpaRt cib eae qa) =x— 1a we) = Boat wea tO sel + a a B ae fen aa ® Ho] <3 a pe? = I|

0 a ater ag eae FN GID FRUTERATA CANS | 1 at Bae xe fC era Be Rar ar pa A TTT CATE 8, FX) =x GB Me, CONIA x e R = Ufa 2 RTP a TTA BPI rx, A. P> 0 Ge Q > 0 SAD PIA TMT CGA TAT OA FA | 14. ffx) = 28+ 3 aa g(x) =Vx %, xaa a FORA f= g WA? AL | foo) | <7 FM A HTT HG FAUT CAT CAN | 1, erst ea 23) THB STH ASTAT Bow “IS FS te 1S. PQ) =x~ 4 €Qy)=y-3 PREF =. ae R rae a, fa? =lal. PR). x+6 S52 * Q Gay > 0 SME R HIE | to QO= PCO) PO) Sgr A ae ATE AT MAGICAL CANE * 3P@)- A095 sa sroreitoa RR 16.x=a+5,aeR . *. DaeRR, aemtet a @, [pql = |p| al 7131 a lal <7 BA orate cy, pe 25] < 769! a+ 10a +26 K+2°x-3 - Sie cd DAMES x, y € Q sae xy2—yV3=0 = |x +2) <2 4x eZ aa WHE S| a SHF-9 a SoU caters As TANT, CAB ATER CTS a, Cilss waria wea rie @, x-y=0 Me TGS Sag Ih BRA SHE x A A ATA GAB ATT ANG = a,b,c eR Ratb=a+cW At HA, b=c a. GSTS GOTH IE ake AS ELT CAS FEI SHTS ET Teale OTTO AIT oer | ot, wgASL STA CREPA A RH stmt FA CI, |A? — 3672] < 2807 19. f= x(X +1) 4% g(x) =x- 2 AB eT | g(x) |< 5 4a TaN GAB Feta a | } f(x) > g(x) Rar SPRITE ae oT Pfs a | st CRANG CH, A(x) < g(x) +.2 a COR Shae HAT TT p> fata cate asters ort errAher erat 20. f(x) =x— 1 @tetx ER) (or. at. 341 %. 5252- 71) <8 OIC SN BH es 94 «iol 5 8. Liga er Orda eRTOrors Ma HCA HINT Se AT | 21, ARASTCAAA APRICTAK) < 0 a FAT A | a. gee Prner armaad AT S OPTST ee Beart 1 @S=feRx<4; EET 1 (i) S= {x ER:x<-l} UfeER:x>7}; 1012345678 (Hi) S= {x ER: x <1 Gea x > 8}; 0123456789 1 rae ere —ot Gv) S= fk ER!xs3 BeIx 21} ars (vy) fre sxs—Sowm,texs @W) i (i) 0 3; 7K ER Gi) ; eH ER 3, @01 +2 Gi)2 (iv) (} W) AB, B 4 (vi) Gm, 1] U {0} U[1,~) (vil) — 1 <$x53-(vill) 0x <2 . 4. [0,1]; aeRO Lal a]ao 4/4 8/5. 4]6 2[7 4/8. 4[% [10 a]tL [2 213. s[14 S|” Hs, we lt6, Q 107. 1 (18. +19. [20. + [21. w[22. 21/23. 91/24. 94/25. ]26, 4 [27 4/28. = 29. @ 130. 2131. 4 |32. 4 (33. + |34. % (35. 336. &/37. © (38, &/39. (40. 141. 42. 4 43. q[4d. 91145, @(46..< 147. 1/48. 2149.1 [50. @|51. [52.51 [53. 54. $]55. 71|56. 4 57, a |58. 4 (59. 4/60. 761. %1[62. «63. + [64. 2/65. ¢ 1 _ 45 1. F, | 5x +8] <6 4-1 2, eet RO ae Bafta 0 14 12,4, FAIA CAB, S = frer: “9 3} ante o, 5={ve RixsZ sex 6 PaeagTeTa : 2 —2-10 1.2034 23 a5 6 6 16. ALAN OTB, S = fx ERI 1 6 Bea x 916-9: BADR HOT 6 eT TAGE afogH, sib ARORA (AYA) eR AAS (GNI) > 1S-9; APA ober AT, Shaidao; wba meat tof > o1d-8: ofba aeehtt cut, Rome, Stee sera mies ag > od-¢, w 6 9: Bara, wLATA-3(A) > aide OBA Aebra aT eae RTA TTT > afd» 9 90; Bareacraten, weNer-3(3) > AS-D9 6 92: ara98 g ewes “ee EH ta | . ARS we 3.1 BABA Feit oe CTIRS afdyt (Complex Numbers and Geometrical Representation of Complex Numbers) BA a 0 b ASS TH a+ ib SEAR Ce Of aT a OMB A ae CoAT i= 1 a Fea WII Get ee b Ce Bale Bet Te AT! A z= a + ib BH, OH ZA AST IF ACH Re(z) se Ha BRITE Iz) BEI, Re(z) = a. lm(z) = b ar eee aT A ACTS AT Se a= OR, CIC pe rae Feet aT | BTA, As Ge b = O AA, OF ARIS ALT MT UGA HET a + ib GF (a,b) FAT (ordered pair) SHAS AAP Fal A FEM, 1 + i= (1,2);0 +i = (0, 1); 2-3i= (2, -3) Baath afb TE AB ESS HA CREA Arte AB ot fea aHTTH BANA: 3, ah iba Aeins TITRE IAG GTTETS (x, y) Reors Bret sat COS ie, GNA Fes aR aT meet aatt Ry, Se CRA FRA HEIRS Fe GA ed aalé fq ors cert sat aaa FOO CH TAS Sal = GABA HATA CTS CAL ACR x-SPF AAA AIA GE Cae y SF TAR Reali Sata A HAAS GIT La | GAIT ACH AUT CHA AAT (x, 0) GA ASI Uifbea eT SPT OBA AAS x-Se Fat acweoT Fy, ae Gat MSR ANCL TST TSA AT | ENT Be FOC x-SOF Aa TS cae AT HCH AOS ATS TA Rae ASHE Hee orig etcopsd 0 n—0=n-tan' | Y x yO x (@pn-s-ivsx 0,y<0 =6=-tan" || ¥% SX | : ¥ ees | ‘Bates 1 + i as AVA ae OTN Feta aa arent: af, 2= 1 +i 2=Xx + iy GHANA Pt Wa, x= 1, y= 1 1 2A APA, fe) =f FY = THT = 2 AR z OF MIA, 6 = tan” © = wx'(f) = tan (tan ) x 2 Aga = 2. ae Ba NG = Ffoe FRAT 4 SIO, 1 -i,-1 +i 1-5 ‘i arora Oba epie ABA = 4/2 aa WT SICH AateRET — pate - ofa ACM 1 —i vata fa hag yy y =a) oer: os Sas FEM ABA ONICT Fin ea ae ora forma AIRICT CANS; (3) @ i Gil) 14310 Gv) 3 -i 3.2.1 0fbat eels Cotes USA (Polar form of Complex numbers) 2= x + iy WA 2 @ SoS arenas afos Ae eT A) Ga foqa SSA HATE (x, y) 19 coral -aree (x, 6) BCA, x =r cosOyy =r sin® (SRA-3,2 OATH) | z=xtiy= rcosO + ir sin =x(cos6 +i sind) = re" cm z a cotter SEPT AT A | aa =A TS oR O= tan 2); re OE 2 ea RETA 6 BHI | ‘BBA: Gos + i sind =e” Mak cosd — i sind =e" a3 ya CRMC A (Kuler's formula) Aer *Hads | ‘Bales: 2 = 2 + 3i Oia Aeapiioa carey BISA z =r (cosO + i sind) Gra r= JF +3" = 13 eR OS tan" ) 3.2.2 afb meat alr, Firat, Jet 9 rt A Net ape WY Pk (Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of complex numbers) Git; BBB wbA ART zy = x1 + iy) GAZ = Xe + lye GA ANT 2, + 2, CF PafaoTA ‘aewathe PAT RH) + Zo = (xy + iyi) + Oo + iy) = ur x2) + i (a + ya) ‘Vateat; — 1+ i @ 3+ 4i aa CHIT (- 1 +:3) +124 4)=2+ 61 Pee: SBet Heyl z= x1-h iy) ACF Za = xy + iye aa Feats z, — 2, Pater AAS FA Ae 2 — Ze = (Xi + dyn) — (2 + ya) = Orr Xa) +i (Yi — yo) ‘Baer: — 1 + 2i cars 3 + 4i we ema (- 1 - 3) +1 (24) =-4-2) a won cee was By agGe ness at gies co Pum eS ews At ZZ = (xp+ iys) (Xo + ys) = (eixe — yiya) + i Kiy2 + x21) Buea: — 1 +216 3 + 4i aH APA (— 3-8) +i (446) =- 114 2i fa \yeax-b 4 VCaCd) B86 a =a x ye 1 Yabo «T=: fea y= b=yai xb i=Vab i? =—Jab [ Ay ies A ibe aT 2 = x + ys BRR an x + ips gS I Cw ROSIE EES A 2y xt iy, _ x + yiy2) ~ HOuys ~ x93 . asa CRANE 2p = Xo + Xt iy xe tyr %= Xo + yree ‘Butea: 3 + 4i Bat — 14-21 AT SIG gi Cotter Seca CRT cone rca RA abe RR 2, = re A |= Te ATM, FRAN, EF STATE RE: 12 py = gir = net 18, 2 — m= He™ He, tea = 1 © 2 Prt 2d Famn VS tn E , jan! ana) a gunned — fel? n= G 3 Wai oda Heald AST (Equality of two eBante numbers) r= xe iyy 070g + iy, OT BA HH a Ha, 2) Ze RA AH A HT AA = xo yi WAI soft wom ae sy g sis wees Se lB cia OTH FETS 01 #02) ZL EL gies -e2y te a: @) m2 4s eR HD +3i (i) 2) =2 + 3i RZ =3-+ 21M, ae, Re(z,) # Re(2n) 8 Im(21) # Im(z2) HS-2 3.3 OAR Ufba east (Conjugate Complex Numbers) afta meats aes cree wel Rete Beal ay Va, at ib 4a Fee a — ib Yt Pa ANB, a? = ?b? = P+ DER, AW Geld ses Fee | Fa ata aba Feasts a WBA Feat wIat Ys AC ATT # RA HeeoT A OTe HM TATA eae eet A A | ‘a+ ib area ib STA Heat Ribs asthe erated ORO Oba Meet \ GY eee a ger BA eer ea 2 8 7a AAPA Cas + 23)s EATER (2s — as FI (az, eae rem (1) aRE ac HR OH FT| NM ACT HAR, 21 = x1 Py) MAK Zp = Xo + tyr BTV, f+ = (6 BD Gat Ce tai ae a “2 — 20 = (1 + iyi) ~ (9 + in) = Ger= Xa) + i (V1 — Yds TAD He TE Sta A | n= Satin GH = (x1 = YiY) +i Gays + Kays), WH A wb GI aT A | % _Xit iyi _ (xi tiys) (ois) (xixot yiy? ‘Yaka — Yo 2 mts Gt iy) ae) i? 3) eae a \@B) caren wre ofa mec n= chy ae aa OSA CTT att; 3a a, Sfacrib = x Ore, a+ ib =x" ‘UAH x TSA AGT A BLA x" @ gate aaa Ae | FEAT GS wba Test (a+ ib) ote aq AT (x") GAA RA AA, AW GPs | TS, x GAG VHGA FeAl VA | Te GalG Sida Hegre 1-3 (ASIC ATER) Feo OBA Ret wa | oa gets obs Teas Te cal eHfba Ae | Gaeat wba eet z = x + iy aa Ss Bs Ts Pret AT MSA Biba AeHihe aes afb ret RL Qiatets 2? = (x + iy =? - y?) +i Qxy Gat wba FANT | B= (x tly) =x°+ 3x (iy) 3x (iy) + Gy? = (8= 3xy’) + iGxy = 7) ast afba FT | LISS SPH LA 2" eA afer ANT TACT AICS | RTT n CATACAT SATTS eboTeeHT ‘er SOT ea AP (EIT) A (OTE) eR «of @z=x+ iy &, (@)|z)2|z @zP= (@) 2=x+iy CRA, Z=x—iy,-2=-x~iy GR=Z=—x + iy 2 [2p=\e Fy ae |Z] =x + Cy =e ry [n2l=VCxy +E Ve Fy re |-2 |= Om ry =\eae Pak |z|=|2{=|-z|= |-Zp @) |2P=x4y |ZP=x+y3[=2P=2+y|-ZP axe ey? 427 =(x + iy) (x-iyy=x?+y* "aR |z/=|Zf=|-zP=|-ZP =z (ii) zy 6 x RG aba Met RA, | 2, + I<] zn | +| 29 | BAM: | 21 +22 P=@i+z) Gm) [es |zP=22] = (41 +%) Zi +%) [aa =2, +2] = UZ + ae + 29 + 2% =|z P+] 2 P+2Re 33) [+ 21%. + 22) = 2Re (2:7,)]afoa ATT we 2 + 2aP S| 2 Pe [zo P+2 lar Zl Ce Re(2) siz) =laeP¥| 22 P+2 | 21 |b2el Ce | 21 Zel=| zi [220] =laP+|2oP+2120ll zl [ofall 1 = (21 |+] 2 IF | 21% 20] S| 21 | +| 20 | BA, PAPAS SP raLsfere eats Fa A @). | 21+ 22.4 |S] |+| 2% |+| z51 OW) [atat~+2/sfal+|elF=+lzal (iii) | 2° 22 |S lz} [zo] att: |zp2P=(@-n) xm) [-l2P=22] = Qe) @, -%) [oz FH=Z + Fa] SAEs ~ BZ tay Zz = lei) — (iat ZZ) + leah? Cola? = ZZ] = lei — (Z1Z2 + Giza) + leak? =7] = 2Re(aZ2) + jaol? Ps wx Fy > —Re@)< kell = faa ~ zal laa + 22h leah = nS z2) < (ail + lzal)? => [ai zal $ esl + [zal (vl -—22 1212 | +1221 i: Fee a | (v) [ez = [zal [zal : aatt: off, zj = x1 + iy) P38 zy =X tir CRA, 2122 1% — Yaya hiQuiyst may) 3 " te 8, f2rz2l? = (1x2 — Yaya) + Gaye + aYL)”= Oa? + POR y= (eil)*(lzal)" lerzol = [zal fal eee, GRID by Bae are ET ICH EIT RCT ATT ie wares: az 20 I OA low , -1se4=1 =z. 4} a) _ fal l= asl- = tala zal ‘wate, “afer cayta eT YT IC NAICS SIRT AT | (vii) arg (2322) = arg 21 + atB 22 | amt aay 2) = xy, + iy) Sea = Xo t iy2 2. rta = (ama —Y1¥2) + Gays + YD) wu . Sy kiya t Xa Ot Xa XL = tant H+ ta it +argzy J ang (aie) = tam yiy2 |_ in arg 21 + arg XX.serod TS FRC tg ernet; (i exe, : Zo x tiv, _ (x tiy) iy soko yiya) +i Gay =) say ear Ze X2tiy2 (xq +iys) (x2—iye) oa x24 92 ied = arg 2 — alg Zp Stan) SY X92 pan} xo . are (3) =tan xikeF yin 1+¢s XyX2 WM 1. Zi, 2, 238 2g Rn IO ® lxtals Sfaley lA peal ee isl cal Bareaceta ARIAT (i) S (ii) Ia TV ABTS FA | 2. Zak iy BA [z— 2,5 3 wat Reo sarap Alsat Pek ea | fe For Alaa Rote were 3. Ze x + iy WA [2+ 2il> 3 Tat AOS OTe reer focaT TRI CANE | ait5-8 3.5 Uda Tethis cate, Frat, Ste Its SUAS afqt (Geometrical Representation of the Addition, Subtraction, Division and Multiplication of Complex Numbers) 3.5.1 Cfo meh AIT cae Facatcs STS ao ae oa, wfbar FST Zz, x; + iy, LAR 2 = Xo + iy, BOA AeITAT TASH Poe Q fy wat ‘afbs OPRQ salt arate oer aa, HAI OP eae OQ Ftahates AAs ag Fert Fea | P,Q SR fy RS x-SUA GA ASH PA, QBS RC Ae Ue | ORE A @ Be SST II AAS (x1, 0) 8 (a, 0) etc, OC = OX eH ea, OR 63 1H BREF | = OX af ea, (OP aa 7a SfSeF) + (PR oa a Ofer") = OX 47 78, (OP 4a Te UTETHA) + (OQ as FH BST); [@tRS OQ: | PR 42 OQ = PRI AVA |Z3] # [2a] =OA+O0B =x) +x: SI, OY 64 e9g ay ofSrRt BEST BA BIC CARI I, RC =y, + y2 Fa, RAAB x, + xp aa CHB y, + y2 die, R faye Maes (x; + x2, yi + y2) Farge wafber atest = G4 4X) + i (Yi + ys) =O ti y) + Otis) =z +z Pal, Oba HET R fea, Pe Q Peqea aia Abo Oba HeepraLTa CUT IM LS |‘afer ASOT SAC, OQ'SP Frakes Geer afi ais AAR aReaN Tet OQ’ aR OP. SRIGT — Za = — Xa = iy, OBA Hea OY Fry AAS wea | oda ATTA GT RH CATT TA CR, WB aH S FER Pe Q Regan wat ye Mera RemsrER etept Sra wR ST TOOT PATTER (4 Xo, Yr — Yo) | i < fegfba BB STH = (x — x9) + i (9 — y_) =O + iy) — G+ PY) = 21 — RAR OHH HOM S Fab, Pe Q Regan eter ASo ober mecgracad Pacanet eteerH CA | fea as HR, OR < OP + PR4, OR0 3. z= 223i wee efba a =am Aig O/2) ee | [PrenB caté-g039 esa ORAA-A(9)] GRAY OLAS o areas ores Ff sa: avai;a>0 4. Ricoa iba sieesiifercs ComreTA ATTA @14N3i Gi) — i fag 00-09; 20-991 ( SO A+iB States at Fa: 5 142) Hi 1 +2 @U1+2HQ+3)B+4i) G73 ai Gii) +i 55 3 (0) (LY tern 2 sa oF eA om HAM CH Orrae Swed aS SH ty 6 @ shew ants Ren ea ted ones aE Gort cr, FE ofp ea ag V3 ae G | 343i LtSi ili) re” = pate 6 0 aa a rete Fa | [cab 99-301 7. (i) (at ib) (c + id) =x + iy WA, crate Gi, (a ib) (¢- id) = x - iy! raw 8 Bee Gi) fae b TEs eT gee a? 41 ey, wee Orato OF, x GAB TBE AR TT ~ib sites Bry aa | [ots cat: 3¥) 30) 398, 09; 4 Gs 09; ME GA: 98, 32, obs FA CAs, Be AI: 995 Fl: 38, 90, ob; Fi Gt: 98, I: Gil: ob, O&; AAPA Ct: 98] é “Gin? = 228 en, Grate , (c? + dx? 2(ac + bd) xy + (a? + b?)y*=01 FxCaB 08-00; $: cal: 985. GI: ob, o@; fitz Al: 98, 395 Fr Gt: 38, OB; A: Gl: 0, 09; SEPT AT: 93] Fg (iv) x + iy =", PPE ear crete O2 +32 2nn = 2 ; GAIA n € IN. a a feos(-4) + so(-8), Zao; even —_— : 4 171 _, 133 5. )-40+5i @-4+i2 wy -Si 4 ow i-i ipa Hid wi)-i 6 @ ian (2) Gi sR O=n— ton : 2 8 deg, Se (ii) FTA, 4x — 6y + 5=0 Gill) F, x? +? =9 (iv) 4x = 2y +3 =0 (v) 20x?+ 36y? = 1125 (vi) 2 9. (xii)x=-3,y=4 tS—b 3.6 Croat HeAta VATA AAR HCH TAIT ‘Square Roots of Complex Numbers and.Cubic Roots of Unity) 3 ef, Trib eat oie Boe entity, GRIT x 8 y SS HIT | ate, \fa + ib =x + iy At, a + ib = (x + iy) Bon He af eal] a+ ib=(o= y?) + 2ixy aay sa GR 2xy =b 8, OC yl = Py P+ avy? P+b* [(i) 6 (ii) Te aT] Setyelrne RP 2 en (iii) CRG, x 6 y-Gaib aise Feet, Bw x? + y? TS Fe Bee, fa" + be ATTY 8 Gi) care aR, de al TB) aac ytd (Casa re) 1 axnafh ener}? eey-2 fp Caryerey}?ree ‘eoror oe RE GO ca ar PTS cy, b eat, x gee y TAR BRIE | 1 i ‘] cover fe ote =| {yee reD} +ifSea ve P)} . SIR, b Ses we, x aae y Readts eyw ws, 1 © 4 z scree reset | yeas CaverP)} | A He: Baits aio Tai o Rem afore Tiga ela at 3 — 4 3.6. 5 , 6.2 IPI TTT (Cubic roots of iS [+ ixt T= - af 2ix_(-a+ip+ati 7 2 “(+ a=iB)(l +0 + ip) + CU +iB =a) (1 +i8 + oy my, ix Canter) aol +ipP =o? 1 +218 + 2p? 0? T4204? 78 “Ts2a+a ape | = 14218 = (EBD _ 1+ 218 — (a? +B) . THaotett pe ~ 1420+ oF +B Barwa ae ax oa (ate)-88foal FETT dS 1+2ip2) “Trager b+ ptoal = 2B iB 2(1+a)" 1+o xT Aix ea aatd ares aA (enti) BAH, TUTE: z= — 15 — 85 Gad Ob FRAT RZ? + 2i-3)z+ (5-1) = 0 afb fame AAT | UPR: f(x) = 3x +4 Gat wer | 3. Vaan ar 3. HTT Az [£)P — 3](%)| = 10 A. TORS eH Fours Aleta APTN 2, © zp GRATE | > [zal CH «= SE a PT IED ‘alah fora crete | FINI: , CTS ICR, z= — 15 — 81 4, 2= 1-81-16 = (1)'—2. 1. 4i+ (41 = (1-4? 2 Vz= 404i) a, CREAT BIER, f(x) = 3x +4 2 = lal> [zl . a BiMAR 2 = 145 2 — 3i)(1~i) ‘ 2-3i- 2i+32< 2-5i-3 G FE a a fol = ve Pan fie = Greg fergie pate pyet waPeS, see O = n+ tan” | =n+ tan (5) ara fice ABAP s UNS craton AAT y lool a* +0!) cotta") 16 Fat: Gt ob; % Gt: 0@; % Ge 93] &) (oto) +(t+o-o) =-16 ie re ays (hoet a=— 16 (ii) (1-0) (1-0) 0-04 1-0) 59 Gill) (1+ 0-02) (@ + = 1) @ 41-0) =— [pad ob-30; UI: Gl: Se, 39; (xiv) (1 - 00%) (I - 0? + 0%) (1-0 + 0) ~ 2n Beans 1a = 2" fcr . @ (at bot co?) + (aw +b+ co") + (ao + ba" He)’ = OFA at AA, a =o 5 Gs 931 Ab=F to) [grat 93] (i) (an? +b + cw) Fao + b + cw)’ = 0 RA ST FA, aelougao=batome=z(0+b) fei caté-099 ga RAMA) FHT Gli) WH a+ b+ c= 0 ITA HAS A, (a+ bo + co’) + (a+ bo” +c00)*= 27abe Fafa Catt-g059 era ForTAeT-9 (1) SIA; Oi: i: 3¢; Fi: GI: 20,08; » Eel 30, 09; 4: de] (vy) 2 + 2+ 1 = 0 Alea CET OBA FM w WA, HAS A(T + 30 + 7)? MAK (1+ @ +307)? aiPracaa erPe1 16 ae care — 4. (v) care eB METH «, At (— 143)" + (1-3) ea a fe a ator caté-2039 oat SAARC) (Wi) x=p tq, y=p+ oq HRz=p+ OG WA, HMNGA, x+y? +7? =3 (p> +q°) Gator, Att, odatry @ ) = ag + ay + aH + Aye Fz: ts 39) Pon X2" SA, O16 FAC, Py + Py + Pot = 3". Qi) (L4x+x°) = Pot Pix + Px? + . [b: ct; oF] 1, 2-31 Oia FeM car DEST TAA Sea? =. et aOgSR at, fae x aay 2. 21-3 afta nena EeG caratbe, *. (-2,-3) a 2,3) 3. (3,2) a (3,2) a- 1-1 Ab aa TH eS? a ao ai aa 4. =] 1 Oa aes FETA So? ‘ ace! a0 1 a 2 ( =1 +31 aa Bs BITS sw? an uF a 2 a | 6. z=-iF1 WAZ=? | = -i-1 qoitl te izl W -it1 7. am ober Heat @ OT EAH witha meagre ARS feage eet? S. aatis a, afta tate a wad 8. \i=Fe7 BC-) MI) AG) ei VB 1 yp i) . 3 (1-i) 9. x= 141 WAX? GAA FO? <2 a0 1, Qi W242i 10, aCaH FPS TA « WA (1 +0) (1+ 0) (1 +0") (1 +o) a AAO? #0 wo A @ X.@? UL. 1-1 GAOT fCTD qo? * 45° Aop= 90° ". 135° W 180° QQ) si erat fog reme S, Uy 4. se 1, rai Y OHefoa FRTT : oe i wen ow wee a -1 0 ¥, wae 14. 2= xen OREN Te OT TYEE = -1 a0 a ai 16x +i x! — 2x) 42x? aa ate Coa? -1 4.0 a1 wi So Livin nein es aaa o> pe #1 a 2 ai a 142 (Gi) y 9 a ora + iy aE HT ATHY ce ale a. ee oi, tetra a. PHT a) + 218A -2| aa Fo? . NS a. V5 a, Bi a5 19. x= 90 set es aba ag ar 1 a li 100 ye 2a So ii @ iii Mi, ii @ ii 1 1,@e Z) fra Gra as? 3, ie a. iS iii a. ii @ ill Sd ii 8 ii 23. ere eee err i TET iii, TTS ATT a. iii a, ii 8 iii qi 3 isi a, i Sill A, ii ii Bit 9 iii i, z+Z3te4 ii, [zit (2) Sa ii, (Ze7) wae art ais? FSi Ai iii A, ii 8 iii Wi, ii 8 iiibb ‘Swos te faEhe ay Pepa weer aes (26 9 27) me atTHa BeR He: ea X=1+i Gey =3—2) Yo ofa mea | 26. x + iy BPA Feat cart ope GaP aw? ayer a Pah a. gah a. Opt 27 xy NAS Fo? tan? C ) % tan” G , a, wan'(3) x Uemea® (28 ¢ 29) aR ataa Gea nthe: 1, 0, 0 Gate Sats wa | 28, TRE caterer SSP %..0 a1 to Xo 29.4 b+ ag a eer . % -o t -@? AL @ WO FACoH Beals wEATICs (30. 31) Ae etceia Baa Ate: 234i GR 2, =— 1 7S OBA FEAT | 30, 21.22 45 TTT BS? s 4/2 x 2y2 a 2 wi 31. 2 as ore carte : case a -45° 0 135° = -135° % YA BINS (32 8.33) Ae eteeta Bea HIS: = 2-3) ab ober reat RZ os OA iBT RATT | $932. [2] a a 13 A [2] Ga A se % VB a. =f a 5 Was 33. |z—2| a an orate ‘ 61 Si M4 6 ‘fricoa wreya BICAIICS (346 35) Ae ates Bea The: x + px tq = OMS ix + 1—x?= 0-68 lsat fot eae 34, p+ q= Fe? BS 1ti a 13% alti ® -Al-i 35. p+ pq + q? 4a aI aE? el a ti WH 2+i Freoa SHA BIAS (36 © 37) Ae era Bea He: p=3C1 WS) eq=d 1 Sen 36. (p+ gq) Ga AIR CeratB? % 4 tol top aq 37. Vp + @ aa 3a eB? Bi ai 11 % pqafer eT 5 ed fred OTA UIC (38 6 39) Ae etcets Bey He: 222-22 i eat wba aft . 38. 2 +Z SAA PIR Feet ay 3. afte a see A, Bret Zo 39. (Gea) A RB, me —4y2i a. —2yf2i a, 22 a 43 ‘ D> faea fraformercas wf oars aghdtOh ott (a a= Him VE+i Rhea? ae ait — oR sel Sn e z Sn BT = 3 2 12 WE we -F Te, yr 825 ave Dad Ry EE Fea 1 5 2 Beis) YW + Qrsi 1% 4G) © 2Ct Hi! i) AS +i) Hyped pt i) 42. ga feats staat ate aH 5 Fas RRR conte eat 3e-901 3 we 3 i 3i_v2 3i 2 3 wi ati Mes age Sa" @- Cott? (n HAT Af Hee) fan. . 9¢-sb] a1 a w-1 (32 «avr Is. f@. 99-3] ‘ 3. ar) adi a1 BA1ti 45. x=46 + 5i) Ba, 2x? + 2x” — 7x + 70 AIA SS? Eat. Fe. se-3¥] % -1 4.0 a1 m2 46. Za 1 Hi GRR a= 2+ i RE Pe AE fat, Ry sa-sel = tan'2 a. 25 a, Sy2 & V0 47. 2=x + iy GR [22 — 1|= 2-2] WA, x’ + =O? Ea, 99-90 B-1 to1 * 0 a2 48.2 +x + 1=0 MAX? MF AM FS? Mat, 99-20] m0 al a -1 x -11 49, 2,=3 +25 Rm =3 212 + 2%) + 2° AAA FS? RA. 30-0). %. 21 a, 22 a, 23 a m4 50. 2=x+ iy 2M |z-5|= iat PRE a A IR A, Re ‘ 39-db] =, (0,5) a (5, 0) st, (0,-5) & (-5, 0) SL. (14 ai)? fbr arPitba ori (argument) RI, a AAA WW? Mt Ba. W, se-90] eB 1442 a. -142 A, 22/2 uw, S242 52. 2=x+iy SA |z—5|+ [2F5|= 16 OM aA Io. AR 3-3] *. Circle +. Parabola +, Hyperbola 1, EllipseSoo won ate RE ay i A Fl 85 “ay a1 w=2 54. (1+ i)* ea a FS? fot & sea] S. =2i A 2i a 4 a4 SRT AE TARE A. é ~ @)1= 01 ~ 0) — 0) aa TBH? _ fo, 0-38) * 18 46 4-9 a9 56. 1+"? + «557 = 9 Fara suse) ; * 0 Xo a1 a2 Se rey SST ox, (1+ @-@°) (@ + @ +1) (07 + 1 — @) 44H FS? (ot, 30-33] 48 “1. 0 ad @t erceh eat woo ene ox o+o?+(+o-0)= Fe? or. f%. 0@-8 Uf. 9-94) eo4 a4 4, -3 43 59, GAT GOT ATT o A, (1+ oO Bote“ +1-0) A AA— 01.8, 08-00) = 4 a8 4 a -8 60. i? = e -2i a 2i to -2 ¥ 2 G1. 2 =2 +i Rm = 341 VA, ZZ A ALAP— [ot yo-s8; oF se-sa] s, 6 a, 52 a7 a 5y3 GF TVA S TTS — [or f. se-sul 1-@e7 z a 3n = 1,0 15 tlt a 63. 9 tnt a BS He BI (T=! = 12 tea 30-39) ws 2 43 a ‘4 306 3 AT FS? (ot, B09-o8] int 1 1-5 Ss Lt a Lei 1-2 H2 65. X= —-1 +i WAH? + 3x? + 4x +7 GHIA BO? [ot A, o-ov] S 6 Fi 4 8 ApS B09 + 2i {rai A A FS? [TeB ov-on; 4, R, su-D4] 3. R04) a #02) a. #R@*i x Bariofed ASTT 30>: lt+i 61.8= WA, a® AA TT Be fae 95-38] * I * sei a 68. AQP IND eager Haad 93-90; 1. 90298) % a 2 43 BiinGawes I cool 4 £3 a. £42 a +3 70. iar SAAT G ATS AeTHTA— ot. . 98-3¢] 0,0 ai, F RGF m2, Q-i" es (4 GARI HAIG? [gc y0-38] v4 565 va WB = 5, a5 ay 4% Q+iy te | | GAT CHTATG?, FB 99-38] w i 27 alli 565 . a 9, «4S @Ba- ai aa aye HATE? [erat 50-93] 1 = £Q-¥) a. £[6ie+22- iB 2 1 1 aa [o8+22-i@2 2] ete 74. ae a ea TARE CAAT? Eg oP-30, 3-1 ‘4 Bate Bo a. +4) x +(3934) 75. [x —1 + iy|+ [x + L + iy} 4 Be edhe seca aA? tad vo-se) B xtya7 a ade Yer tl oO8. a 76. 8 + 4/5 as ag CTA? [grad 30-281 % +G-2i) a, 46/10 V2i) 1. 20/1042) % £421) 71? Aegieeets Fat P= 2 faa on-d0] ae, aD ai @s i? aa ar corto? fh -1 a a1 wi 79. Foe Oar agar 50-99; Wr, . su-3a] a4 a £4 x 4i 18. FT =r ners Bw pa a £\2 HOtdOR Swed te RS ty > servlet ett Le 552i, 2=243i, 44 + 3i, = 2-21 DAD OA AAT | ® 2 ee A+ iB wie sort a | 3. 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