ITFN 1502 Home Assignment 2

100 Points

Name: Mark Stephens

_______________________________

1. What is white noise and how does it affect a signal? What is impulse noise and
why is it the most disruptive? What is crosstalk and how does it affect a signal?

Ans.

a. White noise is a continuous noise that is always present in transmission devices

and electronic devices to some degree. It affects digital and analog signals by
causing interference that causes a signal to become fuzzy.

b. Impulse noise, also referred to as a noise spike, is a non-continuous noise that

occurs randomly and causes interference in a digital or analog signal. Since the
spike is random, it is difficult to detect. It is also a challenge to remove the noise
without compromising the signal.

c. Crosstalk is unwanted coupling between two different signal paths. Crosstalk

affects the signal by creating interference between the two signal paths.

2. How many separate channels does a T-1 multiplexor combine into one stream?
What types of applications might use frequency division multiplexing? Time
division multiplexing? Dense wavelength division multiplexing?
Ans.

a. A T-1 multiplexor combines 24 separate channels into a single stream.

 b. Frequency division multiplexing is used in applications such as broadcast
television and radio, cable television, and cell phones.

c. Time division multiplexing is used in applications like telephone service.

d. Dense wavelength division multiplexing can be used in applications such as

delivering Internet services and broadband media services.

3. What type of signals are used by Frequency Division Multiplexing? List three
common examples of frequency division multiplexing.
Ans.

a. Frequency division multiplexing uses discrete analog (digital) or analog signals.

1. Cable television
2. Cell phones
3. Radio

4. Twenty-four voice signals are to be multiplexed and transmitted over twisted pair.
What is the total bandwidth required if frequency division multiplexing is used?
What is the bandwidth required (in bps) if synchronous time division multiplexing
is used, if we use the standard analog-to-digital sampling rate, and if each sample
is converted into an 8-bit value? Show your calculation.
Ans.

a. If we assume the human voice has an approximate bandwidth of 4kHz

then you would need a total bandwidth of 96kHz to transmit 24 signals
using FDM.
 b. Sample frequency needs to be 8kHz since the bandwidth for the voice is
4kHz. Synchronous time division uses frames and grabs 1 byte from each
of the 24 channels to package each frame, which would equal 192 bits plus
we need to add an extra bit for control, bringing the total to 193 for the
frame. We then take 8000 times 193 to get a rate of 1.544 Mbps.

5. What is the difference between even parity and odd parity? What is the even
parity of: 1 0 1 0 1 1 1? What is its odd parity? Explain longitudinal parity with an
example.
Ans.

c. With even parity, the 0 or 1 added to the string produces an even number
of binary 1s. With odd parity, the 0 or 1 added to the string produces an
odd number of binary 1s.
d. The even parity would be 1 and the odd parity would be 0.
e. Longitudinal parity adds a parity bit to each character and then adds a row
of parity bits after a block of characters.

Ex.
6. Complete D2L quizzes Hw2.1 and Hw2.2, which are based upon chapter 5 and chapter
6 animates.

7. Fill in the missing columns of the following cabling table

T568-A Cabling

Pin# Pair# Function Wire Color Used with Used with 100
10/100 BASE-T4 and
BASE-T 1000 BASE-T
Ethernet? Ethernet?
1 3 Transmit white/green yes yes
2 3 Transmit green/white yes yes
3 2 Receive white/orange yes yes
4 1 Not used blue/white no yes
5 1 Not used white/blue no yes
6 2 Receive orange/white yes yes
7 4 Not used white/brown no yes
8 4 Not used brown/white no yes