This document contains an exercise with 4 questions about monopoly pricing and profit maximization. Question 1 asks about setting optimal prices and quantities for BMW in Europe and the US markets. Question 2 examines a fitness club setting prices under single-price and two-part tariff schemes. Question 3 discusses yield management and price discrimination in airline ticket pricing. Question 4 provides demand and cost functions for a firm and asks to determine the profit-maximizing level of advertising.
This document contains an exercise with 4 questions about monopoly pricing and profit maximization. Question 1 asks about setting optimal prices and quantities for BMW in Europe and the US markets. Question 2 examines a fitness club setting prices under single-price and two-part tariff schemes. Question 3 discusses yield management and price discrimination in airline ticket pricing. Question 4 provides demand and cost functions for a firm and asks to determine the profit-maximizing level of advertising.
This document contains an exercise with 4 questions about monopoly pricing and profit maximization. Question 1 asks about setting optimal prices and quantities for BMW in Europe and the US markets. Question 2 examines a fitness club setting prices under single-price and two-part tariff schemes. Question 3 discusses yield management and price discrimination in airline ticket pricing. Question 4 provides demand and cost functions for a firm and asks to determine the profit-maximizing level of advertising.
1. Suppose
that
BMW
can
produce
any
quantity
of
cars
at
a
constant
marginal
cost
equal
to
$20,000
and
a
fixed
cost
of
$10
billion.
You
are
asked
to
advise
the
CEO
as
to
what
prices
and
quantities
BMW
should
set
for
sales
in
Europe
and
in
the
United
States.
The
demand
for
BMWs
in
each
market
is
given
by:
𝑄" = 4.000.000 − 100𝑃"
𝑄+ = 1.000.000 − 20𝑃+
where
the
subscript
E
denotes
Europe,
the
subscript
U
denotes
the
United
States.
Assume
that
BMW
can
restrict
U.S.
sales
to
authorized
BMW
dealers
only.
a. What
quantity
of
BMWs
should
the
firm
sell
in
each
market,
and
what
should
the
price
be
in
each
market?
What
should
the
total
profit
be?
b.
If
BMW
were
forced
to
charge
the
same
price
in
each
market,
what
would
be
the
quantity
sold
in
each
market,
the
equilibrium
price,
and
the
company’s
profit?
2. UTS
2016/2017
Best
Fitness
Club
is
a
monopolist
company
that
provides
fitness
services
to
100
clients.
Although
the
clients
have
different
wealth
levels,
their
demands
for
the
hourly
fitness
services
can
be
combined
and
represented
by
one
aggregate
demand
function.
The
aggregate
annual
demand
for
fitness
facing
Best
Fitness
Club
is
Q
=
10,000
-‐
100P
where
Q
is
the
total
hours
of
fitness
services
per
year
and
P
is
the
hourly
rate
charged
per
person
for
the
services
(in
thousand
Rupiah),
and
the
firm's
total
cost
(in
thousand
Rupiah)
of
providing
the
fitness
service
is
TC
=
80Q,
which
is
the
firm’s
total
cost
per
year.
The
firm
wants
to
establish
a
two-‐part
tariff
monopolist
scheme
for
charging
the
clients,
and
the
fees
include
an
annual
fixed
entry
fee
plus
an
hourly
rate
usage
fee
per
person.
a. Under
the
two-‐part
tariff
scheme:
what
is
the
firm's
marginal
cost
of
providing
fitness
services?
b. What
is
the
demand
curve
for
a
representative
client
under
the
two-‐part
tariff
scheme?
c. Under
two-‐part
tariff
scheme,
what
are
the
profit
maximizing
levels
for
the
annual
fixed
entry
fee
and
hourly
rate?
d. What
is
the
firm's
aggregate
annual
profit
under
the
two-‐part
tariff
scheme?
e. Suppose
Best
Fitness
Club
is
a
single-‐price
monopoly
on
fitness
services.
What
are
the
profit
maximizing
hourly
rate
(price)
and
quantity
under
a
single-‐price
monopoly?
f. How
does
the
profit
earned
under
the
single-‐price
monopoly
compare
to
the
profit
earned
under
the
two-‐part
tariff
scheme?
3. UTS
2018/2019
Di
dunia
penerbangan,
harga
tiket
terbedakan
sedemikian
rupa
sehingga
penumpang
yang
membayar
harga
tiket
secara
penuh
duduk
bersebelahan
dengan
penumpang
yang
membayar
lebih
murah
meskipun
fasilitas
kursi
dan
layanan
yang
diberikan
sesungguhnya
sama.
a. Faktor-‐faktor
apakah
yang
biasanya
digunakan
maskapai
untuk
melakukaN
pembedaan
harga
tiket
untuk
penumpang
yang
menikmati
fasilitas
kursi
dan
layanan
yang
sama?
(bobot
5)
b. Andaikan
konsumen
suatu
maskapai
penerbangan
dapat
dikelompokkan
menjadi:
penumpang
dengan
tujuan
bisnis
dan
penumpang
umum,
dimana
masing-‐masing
memiliki
elastisitas
permintaan
terhadap
perubahan
harga
yang
berbeda.
Jelaskan
dengan
menggunakan
pendekatan
grafis
bagaimana
perusahaan
dapat
menerapkan
kebijakan
pembedaan
harga
tiket
yang
dikenakan
kepada
masing-‐masing
kelompok
penumpang.
Pembedaan
harga
tingkat
berapa
yang
berlaku
dalam
kasus
ini?
(bobot
5)
c. Perusahaan
dengan
kekuatan
monopoli
(monopoly
power)
dapat
menetapkan
harga
produknya
dengan
menggunakan
formula
baku
(golden
rule
of
pricing):
𝑀𝐶 𝑃 =
1 1 +
𝐸 dimana,
P
=
harga,
MC
=
biaya
marjinal,
dan
E
=
elastisitas
permintaan
terhadap
perubahan
harga.
Jelaskan
pemahaman
Anda
terhadap
formula
di
atas,
terutama
kondisi
yang
mendasarinya
dan
implikasinya
pada
hubungan
antara
harga
dengan
elastisitas
permintaan
terhadap
perubahan
harga!
(bobot
5)
d. Misalkan
untuk
suatu
rute
penerbangan,
elastisitas
permintaan
terhadap
perubahan
harga
untuk
penumpang
bisnis
adalah
Eb
=
-‐1,5,
sedangkan
untuk
penumpang
umum
adalah
Er
=
-‐
3,0.
Biaya
total
untuk
mengoperasikan
pesawat
adalah
TC
=
50.000.000
+
200.000Q.
Dengan
menggunakan
formula
pada
pertanyaan
(c),
tentukan
berapa
harga
tiket
yang
dikenakan
bagi
masing-‐ masing
kelompok
penumpang.
(bobot
10)
4. Consider
a
firm
with
monopoly
power
that
faces
the
demand
curve
𝑃 = 100 − 3𝑄 + 4𝐴3.4
and
has
the
cost
function
𝐶 = 4𝑄5 + 10𝑄 + 𝐴
where
A
is
the
level
of
advertising
expenditures,
and
P
and
Q
are
price
and
output.
a. Find
the
values
of
A,
Q,
and
P
that
maximize
the
firm’s
profit.
b. Calculate
the
Lerner
index,
L
=
(P
–
MC)/P,
for
this
firm
at
its
profit-‐
maximizing
levels
of
A,
Q,
and
P.