/keZ fujis{krk] xaxkteuh rgthc vkf.

k brj cjap dkgh

1947 lkyh Hkkjr Lora= >kyk rksp eqGh /keZ fujis{k Eg.kwu- vkiY;k lafo/kkuk e/ks ek= /keZ
fujis{krk g~;k laKs pk okij uOgrk >kyk- 1976 lkyh bafnjk xka/khauh rks lafo/kkukr Qkj 'kh ppkZ u
djrk tksMwu ?ksryk- /keZ fujis{krk gs Hkkjrkpsp oSf'k"V~; ukgh- vesfjdk] dWuMk] ;wjksi ps ns'k gs loZ
/keZ fujis{kp vkgsr- R;kauk R;k /keZ fujis{krspk dkgh =kl i.k tk.kor ukgh- i.k Hkkjrkyk ek=
fdR;sd o"kkZiklwu R;kpk =kl gksrp vkgs- ;kps dkj.k /keZ fujis{k i.kk e/ks izR;sd i{kkyk FkksMh
rMtksM djkoh ykxrs rs fganw vkf.k eqlykekuka e/ks gks.ks v'kD; izk; gksr pkyys vkgs- fganwaph
ifjfLFkrh ^^/kjys rj pkors vkf.k lksMys rj iGrs^^ v'kh >kysyh vkgs-
ckck lkgsc vkacsMdjkauh 1940 lkyh fyfgysY;k vkiY;k ikfdLrku vkf.k Hkkjrkps foHkktu
g~;k iqLrdkr vls er O;Dr dsys gksrs fd ikfVZ'ku Qkj nq[kn ?kVuk vlsy vkf.k tj vls >kysp
rj ukbZyktkus Hkkjrkyk fganw vkf.k eqlyekukaph vsd xV~Bk vnyk cny djkoh ykxsy- vkf.k R;kpk
i;kZ; ukgh- R;kauh nk[kyk i.k fnyk gksrk fd xzhl vkf.k rqdhZus vls ?kMowu vk.kys gksrs- loZ eqfLye
rqdhZ yk vkf.k lxGs f[kz'pu xzhl yk- tj brdk NksVk ns'k gs d: 'kdyk rj Hkkjrkyk dka te.kkj
ukgh \
QkG.kh >kyh rh ftukaP;k f}jk"Vªk P;k fl)kark P;k vkxzgk eqGs- fganw vkf.k eqlyeku d/kh gh
vsd= i.kkus lq[kkus ukanw 'kd.kkj ukgh- vla ftUukaps vxnh Bke er gksrs- lkojdj lq)k ;k ckcrhr
ftuka'kh vlger gksrs] vls ukgha- xka/kh ek= fganw eqfLye vSD;k cíy frrdsp vkxzgh gksrs ¼nqjkxzgh
gksrs vls Eg.kk;yk i.k gjdr ukgh½- xka/kh gs fganwaps usrs vkgsr vkf.k ehp QDr eqlyekukauk U;k;
feGowu nsÅ 'kdrks vlk ftukapk gsdk gksrk- xka/kh uk [kk=h gksrh fd eqlyeku R;kaps usr`Ro
Lohdkjrhy o R;kauk vf[ky HkkjrkrY;k fganw vkf.k eqlyekukaP;k vsdf=r usr`Rok ph egRodka{kk
gksrh i.k rh d/kh gh iw.kZ i.ks QGkl vkyh ukgh-
;k xksa/kGkr 1940 i;Zar ts ftUuk] fganw eqfLye vSD;k lkBh iz;Rujr gksrs rs vpkud osxG~;k
ikfdLrku ph ekx.kh d: ykxys vkf.k 'ksoVh rh R;kauh izR;{kkr lk/; i.k dsyh-1939 lkyh izkarh;
fuoM.kwdka e/ks dkaxzsl yk fot;k ph [kk=h gksrh] rh ns[khy eqfLyeka P;k enrh f'kok;] rjh R;kauh
yhx 'kh gkr feGo.kh dsyh- vis{ks izek.kas mÙkj izns'kkar yhx yk QDr 6 VDds lhV~l feGkY;k-
dkaxzsl LocGk oj cgqerkr gksrh- ftuka uh ;qrh >kysyh vkgs vls lkaxwu ea=h eaMGkr yhx ps 2
lnL; vlkos v'kh ekx.kh dsyh- cgqerk P;k ;'kk us vka/kGs >kysY;k usg:a uh R;kaP;k rksaMk yk ikus
iqlyh vkf.k yhx us vkiys vfLrRo p dkaxzsl e/ks folftZr djkos vlk vieku tud izLrko
ekaMyk- ftUuk lkgftd p HkMdys o Eg.kkys fd] ^fganw^ dkaxzsl tj fnysY;k 'kCnk yk tkxr ukgh
rj eqlyekukauh ^fganw^ dkaxzsl oj fo'okl rjh dlk Bsokok \
ftUukauh yhxP;k lnL; ok<fo.;k lkBh pax cka/kyk- lnL;rk 'kqYd 5 :- iklwu [kkyh 4
(1)
vk.;koj vk.kys- e'khnha e/kwu izpkj izlkj djfoyk vkf.k yhx ph lnL; la[;k izpaM izek.kkar
ok<yh- QkG.kh ph chts bFksp jksoyh xsyh- T;k eqlyekukauk fuoM.kwdk e/ks Hkkjr Hkjkr 6 VDds p
tkxk feGkY;k gksR;k rs yhx P;k >saM~;k [kkyh vsd= vkys vkf.k R;kaP;k enrh f'kok; fuoM.kwd
ftadrk ;s.ks v'kD; gksÅu clys- gh fLFkrh vktrkxk;r lq:p vkgs- bLyke pk jktdkj.kk oj pk
izHkko v'kk jhfr us Li"V gksÅ ykxyk-
bLyke e/ks] ns'k gh ladYiukp ukgh- R;kauk /keZ gk vsdp vk/kkj ekU; vkgs- Hkkjrh;
eqlyekuk yk] vifjfpr vlyk rjh lmnh vjc pk fdaok ikfdLrku pk eqlyeku p] R;kaP;k fi<~;k
u fi<~;ka ph vksG[k vlysY;k xSj eqlyekuk is{kk tkLr toG pk okVrks] rks g~;kp eqGs- bLyke e/ks
^^ns'kk^^ vSoth ^^mEek^^ ghp ladYiuk xzkg~; vkgs- Eg.kuwp Hkkjrh; eqlyeku] eqlyeku izFke vkf.k
Hkkjrh; fdaok ikfdLrkuh fdaok baMksusf'k;u uarj vlrkr- gs vpkud >kysys ukgh] fu;kstu iwoZd
?kMowu vk.kys xsys vkgs- g~;kps dkj.k vSfrgkfld vkgs- bLyke pk mn; >kyk rsOgka izpaM VksGh ;q)sa
pkyw gksrh- o fofo/k iwtk izdkj pkyw gksrsp vkf.k g~;k fo:) y<k nsÅu bLyke yk mHks djk;ps
Eg.kts 'kL= vkf.k cGtcjh vko';dp gksrh- rh R;kauh dsyh Eg.kwu R;krwu p dMosi.kk] bLyke yk
laiw.kZ leiZ.k] tsgkn oxSjsaP;k ladYiuk mRiUu >kY;k- eqlyekukaP;k dMos i.kkps gs leFkZu ukgh
QDr R;k ekxph dkj.k ijaijk vkgs-
/keZ izlkj] vsd rj fopkjkauh fdaok 'kL=cGkus] /kkd niV'kk nk[kowu djrk ;srks- fopkjkaus
djk;ps EgVys rj fopkj rso<s izxYHk ikfgts] okn fooknkauk iq:u vl.kkjs ikfgts] izcG ;qfDrokn
ikfgts- loZ i{kka'kh lk/kd ck/kd ppkZ gks.ks vko';d vkgs- R;kaph mÙkjs vko';d vkgsr- g~;k
lxG~;k lkBh ykx.kkjk osG vkf.k ckSf)d {kerk] fopkjkaph [kksyh] bLyke P;k iz.ksR;ka dMs ulkoh
¼vtwu gh ukgh½ Eg.kwu R;kauh nqlÚ;k ekxkZpk voyac dsyk- vkf.k 'kL= cGkus bLyke pk izlkj dsyk
xsyk- R;kauk izpaM ;'k gh feGkys-
bLyke P;k fgjO;k jaxkus lkjs tx >ikV~;kus jaxwu dk<ys- brdk us= nhid izlkj brj
dksBY;k gh /kekZ pk >kyk ukgh- vki.k txkP;k fofo/k /kekZ P;k vuq;k;ka ph VDds okjh cf?kryh rj
y{kkr ;sbZy fd vkt txkar nj 100 ek.klakiSdh 31 f[kz'pu] 25 eqlyeku] 15 fganw vkf.k 6-5 ckS)
vkgsr- mjysY;k brjka e/ks ukfLrd] tSu] 'kh[k] f'kaVks] cgkbZ vkf.k brj loZ /kehZ; vkgsr-
bLyke /kekZ e/;s ek= er erkarj] iz'u dj.ks] fopkj dj.ks] dkyk izek.ks cny fdaok lq/kkj.kk
dj.ks ;kph lks; p ukgh- czsu okWf'kax gk ;k /kekZpk ewG xkHkk vkgs gs y{kkar ?;k;ykp gos] dqjk.kk e/ks
ts lkafxrysys vkgs rsp lR; vkgs vkf.k lR;p jkg.kkj vkgs] R;kar cny laHkor ukgh] vki.k] vkiyk
/keZxazFk] vkiys jhfr fjokt vkf.k vkiys dk;ns dkuwu txkar lokZar Js"Bp vkgsr v'kh loZ
eqfLyekaph laiw.kZ [kk=hp vlrs- R;k eqGs eqlyekuka 'kh eqíslqn ppkZ gksÅp 'kdr ukgh- >ksiysY;k yk
vsd osG tkxs djrk ;sbZy i.k >kksisps lkasx ?ksrysY;k ps dk; dj.kkj \ eqlyekukaP;k ckcrhr xSj
eqfLyekauk th grcyrk okVrs fdaok gh eaMGh vls dka djrkr vlk ;{k iz'u mHkk jkgrks ;kps dkj.k
(2)
gsp vkgs- R;kaph f'k{k.k i)rh igk- enj';ka e/ks dk; vkf.k dls f'kdfoys tkrs R;k dMs y{k fnys
Eg.kts y{kkar ;sbZy fd ;sFks uohu fopkjkauk Fkkjkp ukgh-
vls gh ukgh fd loZp eqlyeku vf'kf{kr vkgsr- cjsp mPp fo|k foHkwf"kr vkgsr- rs fopkj
i.k d: 'kdrkr] ekaMw gh 'kdrkr i.k R;kauk gs fopkjkarh iVrs fd ts pkyys vkgs rsp bLyke lkBh
Bhd vkgs- R;kar cny udks Eg.kwu cgqla[;] vkMeqB~;k] vf'kf{kr vkf.k /keZ Hkkousus HkkjysY;k
vkiY;k /keZ ca/kw leksj rs usgehp uers ?ksrkr- ts dks.kh fgaer nk[kowu osxGs fopkj ekaMrkr R;kauk
Bkjp dsys tkrs- v'kh cjhp mnkgj.ks vkgsr-
g~;k loZ ik'oZHkwfeoj] eksnhauh ts ?kMowu vk.kk;pk iz;Ru dsyk vkgs- rks vfr ekuoh;p
Eg.krk ;sbZy- R;kauh lkSnh fizal 'kh i.k lwr tqGoys- btjkbyP;k usR;ukgw 'kh i.k tqGoys- vkf.k
uarj p ikfdLrku P;k fojks/kkr Bke Hkwfedk ?ksryh-
dye 370] rhu rykd] CAA, jke eafnj gh R;kph BGd mnkgj.ks vkgsr- eqlyeku vkrwu
eksnhapk fdrh izpaM fojks/k djhr vlrhy R;kph vki.k dYiuk d: 'kdrks- iwohZ EgVY;k izek.ks
dks.kR;k gh eqlyekuk yk] ns'kk is{kk /kekZ ph ckaf/kydh T;kLr izcG okVrs- QDr rhu rykd P;k
uohu dk;|keqGs eqfLye efgyk ernkj lq[kkoY;k vlkO;kr vkf.k R;k dnkfpr Hkktik dMs oGw
'kdrhy- dkj.k R;k [kjks[kjp /kekZ P;k tqyeh dk;|ka eqGs izpaM =klkr gksR;k- i.k gk tj&rj pk
iz'u vkgs- erisV~;kp mÙkj nsrhy-
bLyke e/ks 'kklu nksu izdkjs ekuys tkrs- vsd Eg.kts nkj&my&bLyke & tsFks 'kkld
eqfLye vlrks- nqljs Eg.kts nkj&my&gjc & tsFks 'kkld xSj eqfLye vlrks- nksUgh izdkjka e/ks
'kkflr O;fDraph Eg.kts rsFkhy izts ph dÙkZO;s osx osxGh lkafxryh xsyh vkgsr- ts eqlyeku
nkj&my&bLyke e/ks vkgsr] R;kauh ;su dsu izdkjs.k laiw.kZ iztk eqfLye Ogkoh ;k lkBh iz;Ru'khy
jkgk;ps vkgs-
dk'ehj e/kwu 5 yk[k iafMrkaps 1990 lkyh iyk;u] ikfdLrku e/khy fganw ph 1947 lkyh 22
VDds vlysyh la[;k vkrk 6 Vô;ka i;Zar [kkyh ;s.ks] HkkjrkP;k izpaM enrh us Lokra«; feGfoysY;k
ckaxykns'k e/kwu] fganw ps gks.kkj lrr iyk;u] vklke vkf.k caxky e/ks gks.kkjk CAA pk izpaM fojks/k
g~;k ekxs gh gsp dkj.k vkgs- tj dk CAA ykxw >kY;k oj vQxkfuLrku] ikfdLrku] ckaxykns'k]
cywfpLrku ;sFkhy foLFkkfir vkf.k diV] NG vkf.k i{kikr lkslhr vlysY;k fganwauk] Hkkjrkus
vkiyh ukxfjdrk nsÅu lkekwou ?ksrys ¼vkf.k rs rls Ogk;ykp ikfgts½ rj rs tsFks olrh djrhy
R;k izkarkps Demographic Equation cnysy- fganw ps izfr'kr ok<sy vkf.k eqfLyekaps deh gksbZy-
useds gsp rj eqfLey lektk yk udks vkgs- vkf.k gk fojks/k nk[kfo.;k dfjrk fuoM.kqdka is{kk T;kLr
lq;ksX; osG dks.krh\
vse- ts- vdcj g~;k iz[;kr ys[kdk ps " In the Shade of Swords" gs iqLrd
^^nkj&my&gjc^^ vkf.k ^^nkj&my&bLyke^^ cíy P;k ladYiuk vxnh Li"V 'kCnkr ekaMrs-
(3)
 nkj&my&gjc lkBh bLyke ph v'kh f'kdo.k vkgs fd rqeph la[;k vsdw.k tula[;s P;k
5% gwu deh vlsy rj uhV xksMhxqykch us jgk- ljdkj yk iw.kZ lgdk;Z djk- rqEgh 10 rs 15 VDds
vlykr rj vkiys vfLrRo nk[kowu ns.;k lkBh lrr fØ;k'khy jgk- 20 Vô;k P;k oj xsykr fd
vkiY;k lkBh osxG~;k fu;ekaph ekx.kh djk vkf.k injkr ikMwu ?;k vkf.k 30% P;k toGikl vkyk
vkykr fd 'kklukr lgHkkxh Ogk- ?kkrikr djk- tu dY;k.kkph dkes gksÅ nsÅ udk vkf.k lEiw.kZ
ns'kk ps bLykeh dj.k dls gksbZy rs igk-
Hkkjrkar l/;k 22% eqlyeku vkgsr- g~;k o:u dk; rks cks/k fganwuh ?ksryk ikfgts- jf'k;k]
vkWLVªsfy;k vkf.k Ýkal ;kauh eqfLyeka P;k g~;k izo`Ùkh ph ukasn ?ksryh vkgs vkf.k rs dkjokbZ i.k djhr
vkgs- phu e/khy MbZxj eqfLyeka ojrh Qkj vR;kpkj gksr vkgsr v'kh eqfLye txrkr vksjM pkywp
vkgs- vkiY;k euk lkj[ks LoSj okxw fnys ukgh rj vkeP;k oj vR;kpkj gksr vkgsr vls izkatG i.ks
okV.kkjk gk lekt vkgs- rs loZ laiw.kZ i.ks czsuokW'k >kysys vkgsr- R;k lektk dMwu lnln~foosd
cqf)] rdZ 'kkL=] ekuoh Hkkouk R;kapk fopkj gks.ks eqGkarp v'kD; vkgs-
jf'k;k ps iariz/kku] vkWLVªsfy;kps izeq[k vkf.k Ýkal P;k jk"Vªirhauh rj [kMlkowu R;kaP;k
ns'kkrY;k eqfLyekauk lkaxwu Vkdys vkgs fd] ^^'kjh;r dk;|kps ykM ;sFks pkyw fnys tk.kkj ukghr-
vkEgh rqEgkyk vkea=.k nsÅu ;sFks cksykoysys ukgh- rqEgh ukuk [kViVh d:u] vtZ fouaR;k d:u]
/kMiMr ;sFks vkyk vkgkr- rqEgkyk 'kjh;r P;k dk;|kaph brdh gkSl vlyh rj T;k ns'kkar gk
dk;nk ykxw vkgs rsFks tk- ;sFks jkgw udk- ;sFks vkeP;k ns'kkr jgk;ph bPNk vlsy rj ;sFkhy dk;ns
ikGkosp ykxrhy- 'kjh;r pk vkxzg /kjrk ;s.kkj ukgh-^^ ;k Li"V vkf.k ;ksX; izfrfØ;s lkj[kh
izfrfØ;k vkiY;k ns'kkar d/khp fnyh xsysyh ukgh- vkf.k fnyh i.k tkÅ 'kd.kkj ukgh- dkj.k gs
fi<~;k u fi<~;k bFksp jkgkr vkgsr- vkiY;kyk rq"Vh dj.kkph lo; ykxysyh vkgs- tjh dk¡xzsl gh
rq"Vh dj.kkph uhfr jkcohr vlyh rjh g~;k lkBh QDr dk¡xzsl ykp nks"kh Bjork ;s.kkj ukgh- gk
erkapk iz'u vkgs- T;kyk lÙksr fVdwu jgk;ps vkgs R;kyk gs dsY;k f'kok; xR;arj ukgh- lÙks lkBh
ek;korh] eqyk;e flax] vf[kys'k ;kno ykyw izlkn] eerk cWuthZ lokZauh gsp dsys vkgs- Hkktik osxGs
dkgh dj.;kpk /kkMlh iz;Ru djhr vkgs- i.k rs gh lko/kkurs usp vkf.k rs ;ksX; i.k vkgs- MksD;kar
jk[k ?kkywu gk gtkj o"kZ tquk iz'u lqV.kkj ukgh- FkksMs fo'ys"k.k dsys rj g~;kph 2 dkj.ksa Li"V
gksrkr- vsd Eg.kts eqlyekuka ph ers vsd xëk vlrkr- /kekZP;k ukaokoj ts ts R;kauk lkafxrys tkrs
rs rs loZ rs vSdrkrp- Lora= fopkj dj.;k ph o rs ekaM.;k ph R;kaph 'kDrh gsrq iqjLlj nkcwu
Vkdyh xsyh vkgs- ^^la?kkS 'kfDr dfy;qxs^^ vls vki.k fganw Eg.krks [kjs] i.k R;kps rarksrar ikyu ek=
eqfLye djrkr Eg.kwu R;kaps otu T;k ikjM~;kar iMsy rks i{k ftadrks- nqljs dkj.k Eg.kts
eqfLyekph Vôsokjh [kwi deh vlyh rj R;kaP;k vsd xëk erkaus i.k Qkjlk Qjd iM.kkj ukgha i.k
nqnSZokus vkrk rh ifjfLFkrh jkfgysyh ukgha- eqlyekukaph Vôsokjh v'kh vkgs fd R;kaph vsdxëk ersa
fu.kkZ;d Bjrkr- Demographic lehdj.kas cny.;k pk tks iz;Ru eqfLyeka dMwu vklke] caxky]
(4)
dk'ehj e/ks n'kdkuqn'kds gksr vkgs R;kps dkj.k gsp vkgs- gs vls gksrs ;k lkBh dks.kkykp nks"k nsrk
;sr ukgh- fganw vkf.k bLyke /kekZP;k ewG fopkj lj.khrykp gk Qjd vkgs- eqfLye lekt dêj]
T;kLr la?kfVr] /kekZ ph ?kê idM vl.kkjk] vsdla?k vkf.k Lora= fopkj dj.;kph dqor gsrw iqjLlj
i.ks ?kkyowu clysyk lekt vkgs- fganw lekt R;k ekukus T;kLr eksdG~;k fopkjkapk] yofpd
fopkjkapk] Lor% P;k nsorkaph] jhfr fjoktkaph] /kkfeZd :<haph Fkêk glr [ksGr lgu djwu ?ks.;kP;k
ekufldrs pk vkgs- ek= "Oh My God" fdaok ^^ihds^^ lkj[;k fp=iVka e/ks] fganw nsorkaps foÑr :i
nk[koys xsys] rj HkMdrks i.k fganw jkst nsoGkar nso n'kZuk dfjrk tkrkr dka \?kjkr jkst iwtk
djrkr dka \ nsokps vsd rjh Lrks= fu;fer i.ks iB.k djrkr dka \ vkiys /keZxzaFk] osn] mifu"kns
czkã.ks] vkj.;ds bR;knha cíy tk.krkr dka \ fdrh fganwP;k ?kjkr xhrk] jkek;.k] Kkus'ojh] vHkax
xkFkk] nklcks/k bR;knhaph vsd rjh izr vlrs \vki.k fganw] Lor% oj vU;k; gksrks Eg.kwu Nkrh fiVwu
?ksrks i.k Lor%P;k ik;k [kkyh dk; tGr; bdMs y{k nsr ukgh- Lor%P;k Hkk"ks cíy vfHkeku ckGxr
ukgh- rh okijhr ukgh- fryk le`) dj.;kpk iz;Ru djhr ukgh- ts rqepsp vkgs ;kph rqEgh dkGth
?ksryh ukgh] rj brj dks.kkyk R;kps dk; lks;js lqrd \ rqeP;k vkbZpk eku rqEgh Bsor ukgh ex
brjkauh Bsoyk ikfgts vlk fopkj eukr ;srksp dlk \ vlks] gk okn lai.kkj ukgh- Eg.kwup Lokeh
foosdkuUn Eg.kkys gksrs fd] txkyk lq/kjok;P;k vxksnj Lor% lq/kjk- vlks] T;kus R;kus Lor%P;k
euk'kh gk izkatG fopkj djkok-
vkacsMdjkauh foHkktuk uarj fganw&eqfLye /kehZ; turs ph vnyk cny] ;kstuk vk[kwu dsyh
ikfgts vlk fopkj ekaMyk gksrk- vkiY;k iSdh cÚ;kp yksdkauk lqIri.kas vls gh okVrs fd eqfLyekauk
/kekZP;k vk/kkjkoj vsd osxGk ns'k feGkyk gksrk uk \ ex loZ eqlyekukauk frdMs dka ukgh ikBfoys
xsys- eqfLyekaph dk;eph dVdV xsyh vlrh-
fganw eqlyekukaP;k ljfelGh yk] 'krdkapk bfrgkl vkgs- vdjkO;k yk 'krdkr eqfLyeka ps
vkØe.k >kys rsOgka iklwu eqfLyeka pk papw izos'k lq: >kyk- 13 O;k 'krdk uarj rj 200 o"kkZar yks/kh]
lwjh bR;knh 5 eqfLye lYrurh >kY;k- lksGkO;k 'krdkar eqxykaps lkezkT; lq: >kys Eg.kts fganw
jkts rj gksrsp i.k eqlyekuh 'kklu i.k lrr lq:p jkfgys vkf.k fganw eqfLyeka ph ljfelG gksrp
jkfgyh- ykywpkus fdaok /kkdniV'kk us /kekZarj.ksa gksrp jkfgyh vkf.k eqfLye izfr'kr ok<rp jkfgys-
v'kh vusd 'krdkaph ljfelG] dkagh n'kdkar osx osxGh djrk ;s.;klkj[kh ukgh-
?kjkarY;k QMrkGkar] LoPN QMD;kuh rkasM ?kê cka/kwu can dsysY;k cj.khr] vla[; eaqX;k
ykxysY;k vlkO;kr- cÚ;kp e:u iMysY;k i.k vlkO;kr] r'kh HkkjrkP;k fganw&eqlyekuka ph
ifjfLFkrh vkgs R;kP;k rwu ftaor fdaok e`r eqaX;k cktwyk dk<rk ;s.ks v'kD;p vkgs uk \
vsd osG letk vls ?kMowu tjh vk.krk vkys rjh R;kus varxZr dyg Fkkacsy dk \ eqGhp
ukgh- eqlyeku Hkkjrkr ;k;P;k vxksnj 'kSo vkf.k oS".koka e/ks ;q)s Ogk;php- eqlyekuka e/ks rjh
dksBs vsdh vlrs f'k;k@lqUuh vsdesdkaps jDr lkaMk;yk r;kj p vlrkrp- vsdw.k dk; ekuokyk
(5)
dyg] okn vkaoMrkrp- /keZ ulyk rj Hkk"kk] izkar bR;knh oj HkkaMrkr R;keqGs eqlyeku ;sFkwu xsys
rjh dyg] HkkaM.ks dkgh deh Ogk;ph ukghar- myV eqlyekukaP;k vfLrRok eqGs fganw FkksMs rjh
la?kfVr jkgrkr- ikfdLrku yk vsdla/k jkg.;klkBh vkiY;k turs leksj Hkkjrkph Hkhfr fdaok
R;kpk ckxqy cqok mHkk djkokp ykxrks-
fganw jk"Vª gh ladYiuk [kwi jE; okVrs i.k fganw jk"Vª Eg.kts useds dk; ;kpk vxksnj fopkj
dsyk ikfgts- QDr fganwps] QDr fganwalkBh vkf.k fganw/kekZ /kkfjr vls jk"Vª vlw 'kd.kkj ukgh- dkj.k
eqGkrp fganw /keZ gk loZlekos'kh vkgs- ^^olq/kSo dqVqacde~^^ gh vkiyh vkLFkk vkgs QDr Hkkjrkusp
d/khp] dks.kR;k gh /kekZ P;k vuq;k;ka uk Lohdkj.;kl udkj fnysyk ukgh- vxnh T;w lq)k] T;kauk
2000 o"ksZ lHkLr txkus dksBs gh Fkkjk fnyk ukgh] rs ns[khy xsY;k gtkj o"kkZa iklwu Hkkjrkr lq[ksuSo
ukanr vkgsr- dkj.k vkiyk lukru /keZ uO;k uO;k ladYiuka uk lq)k lkekowu ?ks.;k brdk yofpd
vkgs vkf.k rks rlk vkgs Eg.kwup gtkjks o"ksZ fVdwu vkgs- gs FkksMs baxzth Hkk"ks lkj[ks vkgs- nqlÚ;k Hkk"ks
ps 'kCn vkiY;kr lekowu ?ksÅu rh Hkk"kk txr jkfgyh] le`) gksr jkfgyh-
fganw jk"VªkP;k ladYiusr vkiY;k lukru /kekZpk loZ lekos'kd i.kk vkf.k yofpdrk yk
frykatfy nsÅu pky.kkj ukgh- fganw jk"Vª >kysp rj xsyh 'krdkuq'krds rq"Vhdj.k ts pkyw vkgs
¼vkf.k rs rls gksbZyp gs vki.k oj ikfgysp vkgs½ R;karyk vkGk dnkafpr ?kkyrk ;sbZy- e'khnhaP;k
bekeka uk fnys rj rls ekuns; eafnjk P;k iqtkÚ;kauk i.k nsrk ;sbZy- oDQ cksMZ] enjls] ppsZl ;kaph
laiÙkh ljdkj tek gksbZy fdaok eafnj] eBka ph i.k ljdkjh fu;a=.kkrwu Lora= gksbZy- enjls] dk;
vkf.k dls f'kdforkr ;k oj y{k Bsork ;sbZy- brds >kys vkf.k lokZalkBh leku vkpkj lafgrk
(UCC) ykxw >kyh rjh iq"dG lk/; gksbZy vls okVrs- fganw jk"Vªkph ladYiuk] g~;kP;k Qkj iq<s
nkeV.kas fgrkog gks.kkj ukgha dkj.k /kekZf/kf"Br ns'kka uk vkiys vfLrRo fVdfor vkY;klps nk[kys
ukghar-
v[kaM Hkkjrk ps LoIu gh vkiY;k iSdh cjsp ikgkr vlrkr- LoIu jatu Nkup vlrs i.k
R;karhy vMp.kha dMs vki.k d/kh y{k fnys vkgs dka \ekSykuk vCnqy dyke vk>kn gs vfr'k;
fo}ku] mnkjer oknh vkf.k QkG.kh yk usgeh fojks/k dj.kkjs] dk¡xzsl P;k ftUuk fojks/kh xVkaps usrs
gksrs- ftukauh f}jk"Vª fl)karkph tGtGhr Hkk"ksr ikBjk[k.kh d:u ikfdLrku ph ekx.kh dsyh gksrh-
R;kauk vk>knka uh usgeh fojks/k dsyk gksrk- R;kaP;k 1946 e/khy vsd Hkk"k.kkpk xksokjk c?k.;k lkj[kk
vkgs-
^^ftukauk gs dka letr ukgh fd osxG~;k ikfdLrku ph ekx.kh d:u rs eqfLyekaps izpaM
vghr p djhr vkgsr- lxGs eqlyeku dkgh ikfdLrkukar LFkykarfjr gks.kkj ukgh gs uDdh- ex ;sFks
vlysY;k eqlyekuka P;k enrh yk dks.k ;sbZy \ ikfdLrkukarY;k eqlyekuka uk [kwi tjh okVys rjh
R;kauk enr djrk ;s.kkj ukgh- eqlyeku g~;k nksu ns'kkar okVys tkrhy- rs nqcGs iMrhy- ftuk
osxG~;k ikfdLrku ph ekx.kh d:u ns'kkph QkG.kh djhr ukghar i.k QDr eqlyekuka ph QkG.kh
(6)
djhr vkgs- vYyk us R;kauk ln~cq)h |koh-^^ gs Hkk"k.k ;w V~;wc oj i.k miyC/k vkgs- uhV fopkj dsyk
rj ;kpk [kksy vFkZ fu?krks- vk>knka uk ns'kkP;k Hkw Hkkxkph QkG.kh gksÅ u;s vls okVr gksrs fd
eqfLyeka ph QkG.kh gksÅu rs detksj iMw u;s vls okVr gksrs gs uhV ls dGr ukgh- Qkjp pkrq;Ziw.kZ
Hkk"k.k vkgs- gs rj [kjsp-
v[kaM Hkkjrkps LoIu ikg.kkÚ;kauh lq)k g~;k xks"Vh pk lk/kd ck/kd fopkj dsyk ikfgts fd
vkiY;k ijaijkxr nkScZY;k eqGs vkiY;kyk 22 Vôs eqlyekukauk lkaHkkG.ks dBh.k okVr vkys rj
v[kaM Hkkjrkrys 40 Vôs eqlyeku vkiY;kyk isyorhy dk \fganw tekr detksj vkgs vls ulwu]
R;kaph ewG o`fÙk vkØed gksÅp 'kdr ukgh] gs [kjs dkj.k vkgs-
eqfLye laLÑfr] mnwZ Hkk"kk bR;knhaph ok< >kyh] tksikluk >kyh rh izkeq[;kus mÙkj Hkkjrkr
fo'ks"k d:u xaxk vkf.k ;equk g~;k u|kauh tksiklysY;k nksvkc izkarkr ¼vkc Eg.kts ik.kh- nksu
u|kaP;k ik.;kus le`) dsysyk izkar Eg.kts nksvkc½- rgthc Eg.kts okx.kqdhph i)r vkf.k xaxk
teuh rgthc Eg.kts R;k izkarkr fodflr ikoysyh fganw eqfLyekaph vkilkar okx.;k cksy.;k ph
vknj ;qDr i)r- eqfLye 'kkld vkf.k fganw njckjh ekudjh vkf.k iztk g~;kaP;kr nsok.k ?ksok.k cjhp
gksr gksrh- lkfgR;] dyk] xk;u] oknu] 'kk;jh bR;knha P;k vaxkus rh cgj.ksa i.k LokHkkfod p gksrs-
tqywe] vR;kpkj /kekZarj.k oxSjs i.k pkywp gksrs i.k rs vkiys izkjC/k fdaok iwoZ lafpr letwu cgqla[;
fganw xIip jkgkops] tkR;k vkf.k /kekZP;k f'kdo.kh eqGs fganw lgu'khy gksrsp- eqdkV~;kus lgu
djk;ps- i.k vls gksr xsY;keqGs eqfLyeka P;k eukar gh Hkkouk ?kj d:u clyh fd vkiyk tUep
'kklu dj.;k lkBh Eg.kwu >kyk vkgs- rh Hkkouk gtkj o"kkZuarj vkt gh ftoar vkgs Eg.kwu vkt gh
Hkkjrkr rs vYila[;d vlys rjh R;kapk rksjk cÚ;kp osGk 'kkludR;kZa lkj[kkp vlrks- vkeph
^^uektkph osG >kyh fd vkEgh jLrk vMowu lq)k uekt i<w-^^ ^^vkEgkyk >Vdk ehV [kk;ph vuqKk
ukgh Eg.kwu izR;sd [kk| inkFkkZoj gyky lfVZfQds'ku vlysp ikfgts vlk R;kapk gsdk^^] ^^vkEgh
'kfj;r f'kok; nqljk dk;nk tqeku.kkj ukgh gh vjsjkoh ph Hkk"kk^^ R;kapk lqIr vgadkjp n'kZfors-
bLyke QDr vjsjkoh] ^^ge djs lks dk;nk^^ f'kdforks-
Militancy f'kdorks] vgaeU;rk f'kdorks g~;k myV lukru /kekZph f'kdo.k {kek'khyrs ph]
lfg".kqrs ph vkgs vkf.k gk fojks/kkHkkl d/kh gh feV.kkj ukgh-
bLyke ph Hkyke.k dj.kkjs] rks vsd 'kkafr iljo.kkjk /keZ vkgs vls vkotwZu lkaxrkr] nk[kys
i.k nsrkr- 'kks/kY;k oj v'kk ^vk;rk^] dqjk.kkar lkiMrkr p i.k R;k r'kk dksBs gh lkiMw 'kdrhy-
vkiY;k dMs lq)k ^^vfgalk ijeks /keZ^^ vkf.k ^^ekeuqLej ;q/n~; p^^ vls nksUgh nk[kys lkiMrkrp-
R;k xks"Vhapk R;k /kekZps] R;kaps vuq;k;h dk;Z vFkZ dk<rkr] dls ikyu djrkr] rs egRokps Bjrs-
ljldV fgnaw pkx a ys vkf.k ljldV el q yeku okbVZ vls Eg.krk ;rs ulY;k ps gs vd
s iez[qk dkj.k vkgs-
eksMsu i.k okd.kkj ukgh] vls Eg.k.kkÚ;kaps vki.k dkSrqd djrks i.k vls Eg.k.kkjs p eksMwu
i.k iMrkr- gs gh foljrk dkek u;s- oknG vkys fd] yOgkGh okdrkr Eg.kwu eksMr ukgh- fganw /keZ
(7)
'krdkuq'krds fVdyk vkgs ;kps vsd dkj.k gk ewG pk ykofpd i.kk i.k vkgs- vkt cÚ;kpnk rks
fganw /keZ l{ke ulY;kps i.k Hkklorks-
bLyke P;k izlkj ra=kr okpysys QDr 2 ns'k vkgsr Lisu vkf.k Hkkjr] ts bLyke P;k
vkf/kiR;k [kkyh jkgwu ns[khy T;kaps laiw.kZ bLykeh dj.k >kys ukgh- b.Mksusf'k;k ldV nf{k.k iwoZ
vkf'k;k vkf.k e/; iwosZrys fdR;sd ns'k bLykehp gksÅu xsys- vkrk dkagh ns'kka e/ks bLykfed
jktoVh yk fojks/k lq)k lq: >kysyk vkgs-
lmnh vjc us 'kkys; ikB~;Øekr] jkek;.k] egkHkkjrkpk varHkkZo dsyk vkgs- nqcbZ e/ks fganw
eafnjs cka/kyh xsyh vkgsr- baMksusf'k;k lkj[;k] txkrY;k lokZar T;kLr eqlyeku jkgkr vlysY;k
ns'kk P;k uksVka oj Jh xtkuuk ps fp= vkgs] R;kaP;k izeq[k foeku daiuh ps ukaop eqGh x:M vsvjt
vkgs- jkek;.kk yk rs vkiyk jk"Vªh; xzaFk ekurkr] dspd u`R;ka e/kwu jkek;.kk rys izlax eafpr dsys
tkrkr-
dkagh fuoMd vkf.k vk'okld ?kVuk i.k ?kMrp vlrkr- gh okoVG ukgha i.k >qGwd vkgs-
tj g~;kps oknGkar :ikarj >kys rj dnkafpr bLyke pk ixMk txk o:u ukghlk ns[khy gksbZy-
bLyke eksMwu i.k iMw 'kdrks i.k g~;kps uDdh mÙkj ek= Hkfo";krhy dkagh n'kdsp nsrhy-

&&&

(8)