Ndejje University main campus, Environmental engineering 2 Assignment.

Note:
i) To be submitted in a group of 10 members
ii) Must be submitted by 29th April,2021 without fail.
iii) Only typed work shall be allowed and if work is shared (i.e. copy and paste amongst
groups then marks scored shall automatically be shared by number of copies.
(Average shall be taken)
Question one.
A water supply system consisting of two pipes supplies a hospital with water at a normal pressure of 28
m.w.c. The hospital is located between the reservoir and the storage tank. The supply reservoir may be
assumed to be at zero elevation, the storage tank at an elevation of 30 m and the hospital at an elevation of
15m. The discharge pressure of the reservoir is 53 m.w.c. The height of the water in the storage tank is
maintained at 30 m above ground level. The piping installed between the reservoir and the hospital
consists of a 760 m long cast iron pipe of 250 mm diameter. The piping between the storage tank and the
hospital consists of 1200 m long cast iron pipe of 200 mm diameter. For cast iron pipes, use C = 140 for
the pipe
i) Calculate the hydraulic head at the storage tank, reservoir and the hospital.
ii) Determine the flow available for the hospital from the reservoir and the storage tank.
iii) Determine the power demand in kilowatts for this operation if the overall efficiency of the reservoir
pump and motor is 75%. (15 marks)
Question Two
A gravity distribution system is schematized into a 3000 m long transmission main of 400 mm diameter
(k =0.2mm). The water pressure at the end of the main should not drop below 35m above the datum. The
reservoir that feeds the transmission main has a constant water level of 43m above the datum.
i) What is the maximum discharge that can be supplied from the reservoir while satisfying the pressure
condition?
ii) What should be the diameter of an additional pipe (in parallel to the existing one) if the discharge is
increased to 600m3/hr.? (k = 0.2 mm)
iii) Instead of laying a parallel main, a booster pump can be laid in the 400 mm main to ensure that the
pressure is maintained at the required level. Calculate the head to be added by the pump for the flow of
600m3/hr.
iv) What is the pressure requirement of this pump in kW, assuming a pump efficiency of 80%?
(25 marks)

Question Three
A spray aerator was found to remove 10g/m3 of CO2 at an initial carbon dioxide content of 22 g/m3 CO2.
Determine:
i) The efficiency coefficient K.
ii) The effluent concentration of raw water containing 38 g/m3 of carbon dioxide when sprayed under the
same hydraulic conditions. (Assume a saturation concentration Cs = 1.0g/CO2/m3) (10 marks)

Question Four
Two parallel rectangular horizontal flow sedimentation tanks are used to treat river water of flow 1.0m3/s.
The dimensions of the settling zone are length = 50m, width = 12m, depth = 3m. A flow splitter distributes
the flow equally over the two tanks. The influent concentration of the SS is 160g/m3. The particles settle
discretely and the cumulative frequency distribution curve of the settling velocities is approximated by a
straight line passing through the two points (0m/s, 0%) and (108* 10-3m/s, 100%). The dry solids content
of the sludge is 5%( _) and the _s = 2100kg/m3.
For ideal settling conditions,
a) What is the effluent suspended matter concentration?
b) What is the sludge deposition rate in m (depth)/d at distances of
i) 5m
ii) 10m
iii) 40m from the start of the settling zone?
c) Determine the length of the effluent weir to be applied
d) Determine Re and Fr for the horizontal water movement. Comment on your results. (20 marks)

Question Five

A slow sand filter (SSF) has an initial filter bed thickness of 1.1m, and the depth of overlying water is
1.5m. The coefficient of permeability is 1.75 m/h and the filtration rate is 0.2 m/h. The water level
above the crest of the fixed weir in the effluent line is maintained at 0.1 m above the initial top of the
filter bed.
a) Give two (2) reasons why a weir is usually present in the effluent line of an SSF.
b) Explain why the coefficient of uniformity of the filter sand in an SSF is greater than that of the
sand in a rapid gravity (sand) filter (RGF).
c) Give three (3) criteria used to determine when a filter run should be terminated.
d) What is the maximum possible head loss for this SSF? (10 marks)

Question Six
a) Outline 5 differences between slow sand filtration and rapid sand filtration.
b) The effluent of a sedimentation tank is treated by rapid filtration at a rate of 8 m/h. The total
capacity is 0.65m3/s. The filter bed has a thickness of 1.1 m and is composed of sand with
0.80 mm diameter. The depth of the supernatant water is 1.5 m. Initial porosity = 0.4. The
temperature is 20oC.
(i) Selecting a suitable filter area, determine the number of filters to be used. State any
assumptions.
(ii) What is the initial head loss?
(iii) What is the maximum filter resistance?
(iv) Why is the limitation in (iii) considered?
(v) Sketch the Lindquist diagram for this system, showing the head loss for the clean bed and
at the end of the filter run. State any assumptions. (20 marks)