Soluciones Advanced

From Advanced Mechanics of Materials and Applied Elasticity, 6/e, by Ansel C. Ugural and Saul K.
Fenster (9780135793886)
Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
CONTENTS
Chapter 1 Analysis of Stress 1
Chapter 2 Strain and Material Properties 48
Chapter 3 Problem in Elasticity 83
Chapter 4 Failure Criteria 111
Chapter 5 Bending of Beams 133
Chapter 6 Torsion of Prismatic Bars 166
Chapter 7 Numerical Methods 186
Chapter 8 Thick-Walled Cylinders and Rotating Disks 227
Chapter 9 Beams on Elastic Foundations 248
Chapter 10 Applications of Energy Methods 259
Chapter 11 Stability of Columns 284
Chapter 12 Plastic Behavior of Materials 309
Chapter 13 Stresses in Plates and Shells 335
ii
From Advanced Mechanics of Materials and Applied Elasticity, 6/e, by Ansel C. Ugural and Saul K. Fenster (9780135793886)
NOTES TO THE INSTRUCTOR
The Solutions Manual to accompany the text Advanced Mechanics of Materials and
Applied Elasticity supplements the study of stress and deformation analyses developed in the
book. The main objective of the manual is to provide efficient solutions for problems dealing
with variously loaded members. This manual can also serve to guide the instructor in the
assignments of problems, in grading these problems, and in preparing lecture materials as well
as examination questions. Every effort has been made to have a solutions manual that can cut
through the clutter and is self - explanatory as possible thus reducing the work on the instructor.
It is written and class tested by the author, Ansel Ugural.
As indicated in its preface, the text is designed for the senior and/or first year graduate
level courses in stress analysis. In order to accommodate courses of varying emphasis,
considerably more material has been presented in the book than can be covered effectively in a
single three-credit course. The instructor has the choice of assigning a variety of problems in
each chapter. Answers to selected problems are given at the end of the text. A description of the
topics covered is given in the introduction of each chapter throughout the text. It is hoped that
the foregoing materials will help instructor in organizing his or her course to best fit the needs of
his or her students.
Ansel C. Ugural
Holmdel, NJ
iii
CHAPTER 1
SOLUTION (1.1)
We have
A = 50 × 75 = 3.75(10−3 ) m 2 , θ = 50o , and σ x = P A .
Equations (1.11), with θ = 50o :
σ x ' = 700(10 3 ) = σ x cos 2 50o = 0.413σ x = 110.18P
or P = 6.35 kN
and
τ x ' y ' 560(10
= = 3
) σ x sin 50o =
cos 50o 0.492
= σ x 131.2 P
Solving
P = 4.27 kN = Pall
______________________________________________________________________________________
SOLUTION (1.2)
Normal stress is
125(103 )
σ x= P
A= = 50 MPa
0.05×0.05
( a ) Equations (1.11), with θ = 20o :

=σ x ' 50
= cos 2 20o 44.15 MPa
τ x' y' =
−50sin 20o cos 20o =
−16.08 MPa
σ y ' 50 cos 2 (20o +=
= 90o ) 5.849 MPa
5.849 MPa
y’
44.15 MPa
16.08 MPa x’
20 o
x
θ = 45o :
( b ) Equations (1.11), with
=σ x ' 50
= cos 2 45o 25 MPa
τ x' y' =
−50sin 45o cos 45o =
−25 MPa
σ y ' 50 cos 2 (45o +=
= 90o ) 25 MPa
25 MPa
25 MPa
x’
y’
25 MPa
45 o
x
______________________________________________________________________________________
1
______________________________________________________________________________________
SOLUTION (1.3)
From Eq. (1.11a),

σx'
σx = cos 2 θ
= −75
cos 2 30o
= −100 MPa
For θ = 50 , Eqs. (1.11) give then
o
σ x' =−100 cos 2 50o = −41.32 MPa

41.32 MPa
τ x ' y ' = −( −100) sin 50o cos 50o 58.68 MPa
= 49.24 MPa 50 o
Similarly, for θ = 140 :
o
σ x' = −100 cos 2 140o =

−58.68 MPa
τ x ' y ' = −49.24 MPa 49.24 MPa
______________________________________________________________________________________
SOLUTION (1.4)
Refer to Fig. 1.6c. Equations (1.11) by substituting the double angle-trigonometric relations,
or Eqs. (1.18) with σ y = 0 and τ xy = 0 , become
σ x ' = 12 σ x + 12 σ x cos 2θ and τ x ' y ' = 12 σ x sin 2θ

or
20 = P
2A (1 + cos 2θ ) and 10 = P
2A sin 2θ
The foregoing lead to

2 sin 2θ − cos 2θ = 1 (a)
By introducing trigonometric identities, Eq. (a) becomes

4 sin θ cos θ − 2 cos 2 θ = 0 or tan θ = 1 2 . Hence
θ = 26.56o
Thus,
=20 P
2(1300) (1 + 0.6)
gives
P = 32.5 kN
It can be shown that use of Mohr’s circle yields readily the same result.
______________________________________________________________________________________
SOLUTION (1.5)
Equations (1.12):
P −150(103 )
σ1 = = = −76.4 MPa
A π 2
(50)
4
P
τ max
= = 38.2 MPa
2A
______________________________________________________________________________________
2
______________________________________________________________________________________
SOLUTION (1.6)
Shaded transverse area:

A 2=
= = 1.5(103 ) mm 2
at 2(10)(75)
Metal is capable of supporting the load

P =σ A =90(106 )(1.5 ×10−3 ) =135 kN
Apply Eqs. (1.11):
P
σ x ' 25(10
= = 6
) −3
(cos 2 55o ) , P = 114 kN
1.5(10 )
P
τ x' y' = 12(106 ) = − −3
sin 55o cos 55o , P = 38.3 kN
1.5(10 )
Thus,
Pall = 38.3 kN
______________________________________________________________________________________
SOLUTION (1.7)
Use Eqs. (1.11):

P
σ x ' 20(10
= = 6
) −3
(cos 2 40o ) , P = 51.1 kN
1.5(10 )
P
τ x' y' = 8(106 ) = − sin 40o cos 40o , P = 24.4 kN
1.5(10−3 )
Thus,
Pall = 24.4 kN
______________________________________________________________________________________
SOLUTION (1.8)
A =15 × 30 = 450 mm 2
Apply Eqs. (1.11):

120(103 )
=σ x' = (cos 2 40o ) 156 MPa
450 ×10−6
120(103 )
τ x' y' =− sin 40o cos 40o =
−131 MPa
450 ×10−6
______________________________________________________________________________________
SOLUTION (1.9)
−6
We have A = 450(10 ) m2 . Use Eqs. (1.11):
3
−100(10 )
σ x' = −6
(cos 2 60o ) = −55.6 MPa
450 ×10
−100(103 )
τ x' y' =
− −6
sin 60o cos 60o = 96.2 MPa
450 ×10
______________________________________________________________________________________
3
______________________________________________________________________________________
SOLUTION (1.10)
θ = 40o + 90o = 130o

3
150(10 )
σx = A =
P
− π (0.08 2
− 0.07 )
−31.83 MPa
=2
Equations (1.11):
σ x' =
−31.83cos 2 130o =
−13.15 MPa
τ x ' y ' = 31.83sin130o cos130o = −15.67 MPa
x’
13.15 MPa
130 o
15.67 MPa
x
Plane of weld
y’
______________________________________________________________________________________
SOLUTION (1.11)
Use Eqs. (1.14),

( 2 x ) + ( −2 xy ) + ( x ) + Fx = 0
( − y 2 ) + ( −2 yz + x ) + (0) + Fy = 0
( z − 4 xy ) + (0) + ( −2 z ) + Fz = 0
Solving, we have (in MN m3 ):

Fx = −3x + 2 xy Fy =− x + y 2 + 2 yz Fz = 4 xy + z (a)
Substituting x=-0.01 m, y=0.03 m, and z=0.06 m, Eqs. (a) yield the following values
=Fx 29.4
= kN m3 Fy 14.5
= kN m3 Fz 58.8 kN m3
Resultant body force is thus

F= Fx2 + Fy2 + Fz2 = 67.32 kN m3
______________________________________________________________________________________
SOLUTION (1.12)
Equations (1.14):
− 2c1 y − 2c1 y + 0 + 0 = 0, 4c1 y ≠ 0
0 + c3 z + 0 + 0 = 0, c3 z ≠ 0
0+0+0+0=0
No. Eqs. (1.14) are not satisfied.
______________________________________________________________________________________
4
______________________________________________________________________________________
SOLUTION (1.13)
( a ) No. Eqs. (1.14) are not satisfied.

( b ) Yes. Eqs. (1.14) are satisfied.
______________________________________________________________________________________
SOLUTION (1.14)
Eqs. (1.14) for the given stress field yield:

Fx = Fy = Fz = 0
______________________________________________________________________________________
SOLUTION (1.15)
y
y’ τ x ' y ' ∆A
σ x ' ∆A
40 ∆A cos20o
20o x’
50 ∆A cos20o
20o
x
50 ∆A sin20o
60 ∆A sin20o
∑ Fx ' 0 :
= σ x ' ∆A + 40 cos 2 20o − 60∆A sin 2 20o
−2(50∆A sin 20o cos 20o ) =
0
σ x' =
−35.32 + 7.02 + 32.14 =
3.8 MPa
∑=
F y' 0 : τ x ' y ' ∆A − 40∆A sin 20o cos 20o
−60∆A sin 20o cos 20o − 50∆A cos 2 20o
+50∆A sin 2 20o = 0
τ x' y' = 12.86 + 19.28 + 44.15 − 5.85 = 70.4 MPa
______________________________________________________________________________________
SOLUTION (1.16)
50 ∆A cos25o
15 ∆A cos25o y’
15 ∆A sin25o 25o τ x ' y ' ∆A

90 ∆A sin25o σ x ' ∆A
x’
∑=
F x' 0 : σ x ' ∆A + 50∆A cos 25 2 o
−90∆A sin 2 25o − 2(15∆A sin 25o cos 25o ) =

0
σ x' =
−41.07 + 16.07 + 11.49 = −13.5 MPa
(CONT.)
______________________________________________________________________________________
5
______________________________________________________________________________________
1.16 (CONT.)
∑=
F y' 0 : τ x ' y ' ∆A − 50∆A sin 25o cos 25o
−90∆A sin 25o cos 25o − 15∆A cos 2 25o +15∆A sin 2 25o =
0
τ x ' y ' = 19.15 + 34.47 + 12.32 − 2.68 = 63.3 MPa
______________________________________________________________________________________
SOLUTION (1.17)
y’ τ x' y'
σ x'
50 MPa 20 o
x’ θ =20o
60 MPa θ x
80 MPa
1 1
σ x' = (−40 + 60) + (−40 − 60) cos 40o + 50sin 40o
2 2
= 10 − 38.3 + 32.1 =3.8 MPa
1
τ x' y' = − (−40 − 60) sin 40o + 50 cos 40o
2
= 32.14 + 38.3 = 70.4 MPa
______________________________________________________________________________________
SOLUTION (1.18)
σ x'
x’ τ x' y'
θ 90 MPa
25 o
x θ =115o
y’ 15 MPa
50 MPa
1 1
σ x '= (90 − 50) + (90 + 50) cos 230o − 15sin 230o
2 2
= 20 − 45 + 11.5 =−13.5 MPa
1
τ x' y' = − (90 + 50) sin 230o − 15cos 230o
2
= 53.62 + 9.64 = 63.3 MPa
______________________________________________________________________________________
6
______________________________________________________________________________________
SOLUTION (1.19)
Transform from θ = 40oθ = 0 . For convenience in computations, Let

to
σx =
−160 MPa, σy = −80 MPa, τ xy =
40 MPa and θ = −40o
Then
1 1
σ x'= (σ x + σ y ) + (σ x − σ y ) cos 2θ + τ xy sin 2θ
2 2
1 1
= (−160 − 80) + (−160 + 80) cos(−80o ) + 40sin(−80o )
2 2
= −166.3 MPa
1
τ x' y' =
− (σ x − σ y ) sin 2θ + τ xy cos 2θ
2
1
= − (−160 + 80) sin(−80o ) + 40 cos(−80o )
2
= −32.4 MPa
So σ y' =
σ x + σ y − σ x' =
−160 − 80 + 166.3 =
−73.7 MPa
For θ = 0o : y 73.7 MPa
32.4 MPa
166.3 MPa
x
______________________________________________________________________________________
SOLUTION (1.20)
−1 4
=θ tan = 53.1o
3
45 + 90 45 − 90
=σ x' + cos106.2o
2 2
= 67.5 + 6.28 = 73.8 MPa
45 − 90
τ x' y' =− sin106.2o =21.6 MPa
2
21.6 MPa 73.8 MPa
x’
y’
53.1o
x
______________________________________________________________________________________
7
______________________________________________________________________________________
SOLUTION (1.21)
τ xy 0=
= θ 70o
σ − 60
(a) τ x' y' =−30 =− sin140o σ = 153.3 MPa
2
σ + 60 σ − 60
(b) σ=
x' 80
= + cos140o σ = 231 MPa
2 2
______________________________________________________________________________________
SOLUTION (1.22)
Equations(1.18) with θ = 60o , σ x = 110 MPa , σ y = 0 , τ xy = 50 MPa give
σ x' = o o
2 (110) + 2 (110) cos120 + 50sin120 =
1 1
70.8 MPa
τ x' y' =
− 12 (110) sin120o + 50 cos120o =
−72.6 MPa
σ y' = o o
2 (110) − 2 (110) cos120 − 50sin120 =
1 1
39.2 MPa
______________________________________________________________________________________
SOLUTION (1.23)
Equations(1.18) with θ = 30o , σ x = 110 MPa , σ y = 0 , τ xy = 50 MPa result in
σ x ' =(110) + 55cos 60 + 50sin 60 =

1
2
o
125.8 MPa o
τ x' y' =
− 12 (110) sin 60o + 50 cos 60o =
−22.6 MPa
σ y' = o o
2 (110) − 55cos 60 − 50sin 60 =
1
−15.8 MPa
______________________________________________________________________________________
SOLUTION (1.24)
We have
σ x'
x’
τ x' y'
θ = 25 + 90 = 115o θ 10 MPa
σ x = −10 MPa
25 o
x
σ y = 30 MPa y’
τ xy = 0
30 MPa
1 1
(a) σ x ' = (σ x + σ y ) + (σ x − σ y ) cos 2θ
2 2
1 1
= (−10 + 30) + (−10 − 30) cos 230o = 22.86 MPa
2 2
Thus,
σ=
w σ=
x' 22.86 MPa
(CONT.)
______________________________________________________________________________________
8
______________________________________________________________________________________
1.24 (CONT.)
1
(b) τ x' y' =
− (σ x − σ y ) sin 2θ
2
1
=− (−10 − 30) sin 230o =−15.32 MPa
2
So τw
τ w = τ x ' y ' = −15.32 MPa
______________________________________________________________________________________
SOLUTION (1.25)
0 + 50 0 − 50 2
(a) σ1 =
80 =+ ( ) +τ 2
2 2
τ = 49 MPa
−50 2
(b) τ=
max ( ) + 49
= 2
55 MPa
2
50
σ=' = 25 MPa
2
0 − 50
2θ s =tan −1[− ] =27 o
2(49)
50
τ x ' y ' = sin 27o + 49 cos 27o = 55 MPa
2
Thus,
θ s ' = 13.5o
25 MPa
y’
25 MPa
x’
13.5o
x
55 MPa
______________________________________________________________________________________
SOLUTION (1.26)
80 MPa
40 MPa
θ =-30o
x
(CONT.)
______________________________________________________________________________________
9
______________________________________________________________________________________
1.26 (CONT.)
40 + 80 40 − 80
σx = + cos(−60o ) = 60 − 10 = 50 MPa
2 2
σ y = 60 + 10 = 70 MPa
40 − 80
τ xy =
− sin(−60o ) =
−17.32 MPa
2
70 MPa 70 MPa
50 MPa 50 MPa
+ =
17.32 MPa 20 MPa 2.68 MPa
50 + 70 50 − 70 2
σ 1,2 =
± ( ) + 2.68=2
60 ± 10.35
2 2
=σ 1 70.35
= MPa σ 2 49.65 MPa
2(2.68)
2θ p = tan −1[ ] = −15o
50 − 70
50 − 70
σ x ' =60 + cos(−15o ) + 2.68sin(−15o )
2
=60 − 9.66 − 0.694 =49.65 MPa
Thus,
θ p " = −7.5o
x
7.5o
49.65 MPa
70.35 MPa
______________________________________________________________________________________
SOLUTION (1.27)
60 MPa τ
(MPa)
10 (60, 50)
50 MPa
O R
20 o
40 MPa α C σ (MPa)
(-40, -50) 40o
(CONT.)
x’
______________________________________________________________________________________
10
______________________________________________________________________________________
1.27 (CONT.)
−1 50
=α tan
= 45o
50
1
R =(50 + 502 ) 2 =70.7
2
=τ x ' y ' sin

= 85o (70.7) 70.4 MPa
σ x' =
10 − cos85o (70.7) =
3.84 MPa
______________________________________________________________________________________
SOLUTION (1.28)
τ (MPa)
50 MPa σ’=20
y’
15 MPa R (90, 15)
25 o
O α
90 MPa (-50, -15) C σ (MPa)
62.1o
x
(σx’, τ x’y’)
x’
−1 15
=α tan
= 12.1o
70 y’ 13.5 MPa
1 63.3 MPa
R =(152 + 702 ) 2 =71.6
90 MPa
=τ x ' y ' 71.6sin
= 62.1o 63.3 MPa 25o
x
σ x' =
−71.6 cos 62.1o + 20 x’ 15 MPa
= −13.5 MPa 50 MPa
______________________________________________________________________________________
SOLUTION (1.29)
τ (MPa)
σ ' =67.5 R =22.5

x’
R
45 MPa 45 90
53.1 o
O C σ (MPa)
x
90 MPa 106.2o 73.8o
x’
(σx’, −τ x’ y’ )
(CONT.)
______________________________________________________________________________________
11
______________________________________________________________________________________
1.29 (CONT.)
=τ x ' y ' 22.5sin

= 73.8o 21.6 MPa
σ x' =
67.5 + 22.5cos 73.8o =
73.8 MPa
Sketch of results is as shown in solution of Prob. 1.20.
______________________________________________________________________________________
SOLUTION (1.30)
τ (MPa)
(a) x’
60 MPa 1
R
= (σ − 60)
140o 2
x’ σ
σ 70 o O 60 C R σ (MPa)
x
σ − 60
τ x' y' =−30 = sin(−40o ); σ=
153.3 MPa
2
σ − 60
(b) σ x ' =80 =60 + [1 − cos(−40o )]
2
σ = 231 MPa
______________________________________________________________________________________
SOLUTION (1.31)
( a ) From Mohr’s circle, Fig. (a):

σ1 = 121 MPa σ2 = −71 MPa τ max =
96 MPa
θ p ' = −19.3o θ s ' = 25.7 o
τ
(MPa) τmax
A(100,60)
2θ p '
σ2 O σ1 σ (MPa)
C
Figure (a)
By applying Eq. (1.20):

1
σ 1,2 =  22,500 + 3600  =±

2 ± 4
50
25 96
2
or σ 1 = 121 MPa σ 2 = −71 MPa

Using Eq. (1.19):
tan 2θ p = − 12
15 = −0.8
θ p ' = −19.3o θ s ' = 25.7 o

(CONT.)
______________________________________________________________________________________
12
______________________________________________________________________________________
1.31 (CONT.)
( b ) From Mohr’s circle, Fig. (b):

σ1 =
200 MPa σ2 =
−50 MPa τ max =
125 MPa
θ p ' = 26.55o θ s ' = 71.55o
τ
(MPa) τmax
σ2 σ1 σ (MPa)
O C 2θp’
A(150,-100)
Figure (b)
Through the use of Eq. (1.20),

σ 1, 2 = 75 ± [22,4500 + 10,000] = 75 ± 125
1
2
or
σ 1 = 200 MPa σ 2 = −50 MPa
Using Eq. (1.19), tan 2θ p = 4 3 :
=θ p ' 26.57
= o
θ s ' 71.57o
______________________________________________________________________________________
SOLUTION (1.32)
Referring to Mohr’s circle, Fig. 1.15:

σ x ' = σ +2σ + σ −2σ cos 2θ
1 2 1 2
(a)
σ y ' = σ +2σ − σ −2σ cos 2θ
1 2 1 2
τ x ' y ' = σ −2σ sin 2θ

1 2
(b)
From Eqs. (a),

σ x' + σ y' = σ 1 + σ 2
By using cos 2 2θ + sin 2 2θ = 1 , and Eqs. (a) and (b), we have
σ x ' ⋅ σ y ' − τ x2' y ' = σ 1 ⋅ σ 2 = const .
______________________________________________________________________________________
SOLUTION (1.33)
We have
2τ xy 2( −70)
tan 2θ p = σ x −σ y = 50 − ( −190) = −0.583
2θ p = −30.24o and θ p = −15.12o
(CONT.)
______________________________________________________________________________________
13
______________________________________________________________________________________
1.33 (CONT.)
Equations (1.18):
σ x ' = 50−2190 + 50+2190 cos( −30.26o ) − 70 sin( −30.26o )
= −70 + 103.65 + 35.275 = 68.93 MPa = σ1
σ y' = σ x + σ y − σ x' = −208.9 MPa = σ2
208.9 MPa
15.13o
68.92 MPa
______________________________________________________________________________________
SOLUTION (1.34)
σ x −σ y 2
τ max = ( 2 ) + τ xy2
Substituting the given values
140 2 = ( 60+2100 ) + τ xy2
2
or
τ xy ,max = 114.89 MPa
______________________________________________________________________________________
SOLUTION (1.35)
Transform from θ = 60o to θ = 0o with σ x' =

−20 MPa, σ y ' =
60 MPa ,
τ x ' y ' = −22 MPa , and θ = −60o . Use Eqs. (1.18):
σ x = −202+ 60 + −202−60 cos 2(−60o ) − 22sin 2(−60o ) = 59 MPa

σy = σ x' + σ y' − σ x = −19 MPa
τ xy = −23.6 MPa
y 19 MPa
23.6 MPa
59 MPa
x
______________________________________________________________________________________
14
______________________________________________________________________________________
SOLUTION (1.36)
14 MPa σycos60o
σy τxy τxycos60o
σxsin60o
30 MPa
60 o 30 MPa Area =1
τxysin60o
Figure (a) Figure (b)
( a ) Figure (a):
=σ y 14sin
= 60o 12.12 MPa
=τ xy 14
= cos 60o 7 MPa
Figure (b):
∑F y = 12.12 cos 60o − τ xy sin 60o = 0
or
τ xy = 7 MPa (as before)
∑F x = −σ x sin 60o + 30 + 7 cos 60o = 0

or
σ x = 38.68 MPa
( b ) Equation (1.20) is therefore:

[ ]
1
σ 1, 2 = 38.68+12.12
2 ± ( 38.682−12.12 ) 2 + 7 2 2
=
or σ 1 40.41
= MPa, σ 2 10.39 MPa
Also,
θ p = 12 tan −1 38.682 (−712) .12 = 13.9 o
Note: Eq. (1.18a) gives, σ x ' = 40.41 MPa .
Thus,
θ p ' = 13.9 o
10.39 MPa
40.41 MPa
x’
x
θp’
______________________________________________________________________________________
15
______________________________________________________________________________________
SOLUTION (1.37)
σy
τxy
σx Figure (a)
Figure (a):
=σ x 100
= cos 45o 70.7 MPa
=σ y 100sin
= 45o 70.7 MPa
=τ xy 100
= cos 45o 70.7 MPa
Now, Eqs. (1.18) give (Fig. b):

σ=
x'
o
70.7 + 0 + 70.7 sin 240= 9.47 MPa
τ x ' y ' =−0 + 70.7 cos 240o =−35.35 MPa
σ=
y'
o
70.7 − 0 − 70.7 sin 240= 131.9 MPa
y σy σx’ τx’y’
σy’
x’ τxy
Figure (b)
σx n
30o
x
y’ m
______________________________________________________________________________________
SOLUTION (1.38)
σy =
−70sin 30o =
−35 MPa
=τ xy 70
= cos 30o 60.6 MPa
( a ) Figure (a):
∑F x = −150 + 0.5σ x + 60.6(0.866) = 0
or σ x = 195 MPa
35cos30o
60.6cos30o
30o 60.6sin30o Figure (a)
150 MPa
σxsin30 o
Area=1
(CONT.)
______________________________________________________________________________________
16

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From Advanced Mechanics of Materials and Applied Elasticity, 6/e, by Ansel C. Ugural and Saul K.

Chapter 1 Analysis of Stress 1

Chapter 2 Strain and Material Properties 48

Chapter 3 Problem in Elasticity 83

Chapter 4 Failure Criteria 111

Chapter 5 Bending of Beams 133

Chapter 6 Torsion of Prismatic Bars 166

Chapter 7 Numerical Methods 186

Chapter 8 Thick-Walled Cylinders and Rotating Disks 227

Chapter 9 Beams on Elastic Foundations 248

Chapter 10 Applications of Energy Methods 259

Chapter 11 Stability of Columns 284

Chapter 12 Plastic Behavior of Materials 309

Chapter 13 Stresses in Plates and Shells 335

( a ) Equations (1.11), with θ = 20o :

From Eq. (1.11a),

σ x' =−100 cos 2 50o = −41.32 MPa

σ x' = −100 cos 2 140o =

σ x ' = 12 σ x + 12 σ x cos 2θ and τ x ' y ' = 12 σ x sin 2θ

The foregoing lead to

By introducing trigonometric identities, Eq. (a) becomes

Shaded transverse area:

Metal is capable of supporting the load

Use Eqs. (1.11):

Apply Eqs. (1.11):

θ = 40o + 90o = 130o

Use Eqs. (1.14),

Solving, we have (in MN m3 ):

Resultant body force is thus

( a ) No. Eqs. (1.14) are not satisfied.

Eqs. (1.14) for the given stress field yield:

15 ∆A sin25o 25o τ x ' y ' ∆A

−90∆A sin 2 25o − 2(15∆A sin 25o cos 25o ) =

Transform from θ = 40oθ = 0 . For convenience in computations, Let

For θ = 0o : y 73.7 MPa

Equations(1.18) with θ = 60o , σ x = 110 MPa , σ y = 0 , τ xy = 50 MPa give

Equations(1.18) with θ = 30o , σ x = 110 MPa , σ y = 0 , τ xy = 50 MPa result in

σ x ' =(110) + 55cos 60 + 50sin 60 =

17.32 MPa 20 MPa 2.68 MPa

=τ x ' y ' sin

σ ' =67.5 R =22.5

=τ x ' y ' 22.5sin

( a ) From Mohr’s circle, Fig. (a):

By applying Eq. (1.20):

σ 1,2 =  22,500 + 3600  =±

or σ 1 = 121 MPa σ 2 = −71 MPa

θ p ' = −19.3o θ s ' = 25.7 o

( b ) From Mohr’s circle, Fig. (b):

Through the use of Eq. (1.20),

Referring to Mohr’s circle, Fig. 1.15:

τ x ' y ' = σ −2σ sin 2θ

From Eqs. (a),

Transform from θ = 60o to θ = 0o with σ x' =

σ x = −202+ 60 + −202−60 cos 2(−60o ) − 22sin 2(−60o ) = 59 MPa

Figure (a) Figure (b)

∑F x = −σ x sin 60o + 30 + 7 cos 60o = 0

( b ) Equation (1.20) is therefore:

Now, Eqs. (1.18) give (Fig. b):

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