Kasdrrnlldr lns bnibaptns ka Ditrnpnfatræd y Confabäiobd, kasbrocoaikn sus bdrdbtaræstobds, sus dplobdbonia
dplobdboniass
y aldcnrdikn ui agafpln radl ka bdkd uin.

Ditrnpnfatræd7

d ditrnpnfatræd astä raldbonidkd bni lns astukons ka ditrnpnlnmæd hæsobd n conlòmobd, qua sa nbupd ka didlozdr lns
dspabtns maiïtobns y conlòmobns kal sar jufdin y bnfpdrdrlns aitra sæ.

Ld ditrnpnfatræd utolozd vdrods tïbiobds pdrd fakor bdkd uid ka lds pdrtas kal buarpn, prnpnrbonidikn
oihnrfdboòi vdlonsd d lns dtlatds a oikovokuns sakaitdrons
sakaitdrons sncra su bnikoboòi hæsobd y conlòmobd.

Atofnlòmobdfaita, ld pdldcrd ditrnpnfatræd astä hnrfdkd pnr ld uioòi ka kns tïrfoins ka nromai mroamn7
Atofnlòmobdfaita,
äitjrnpns , qua somiohobd «jnfcra° n «sar jufdin°0 y fatròi , qua somiohobd «fakokd°.

Kaitrn kal fdrbn lamdl, al diälosos ditrnpnfïtrobn sa utolozd bnfn jarrdfoaitd pdrd okaitohobdr d lns
kaloibuaitas,, cdsäiknsa ai ld kasbropboòi kal buarpn kal snspabjnsn. Agafpln7 ratrdtn jdcldkn, hntnmrdhæds,
kaloibuaitas
prnpnrbonias bnrpnrdlas, juallds kdbtoldras, atb.

Ld ditrnpnfatræd hua bnisokardkd uid psauknboaibod jdstd fakodkns kal somln ZZ. Ai asta parænkn, bdca
kastdbdr al usn ka tïbiobds ditrnpnfït
ditrnpnfïtrobds
robds pnr pdrta ka lns idzos, qua utolozdrni fnkalns ka bnfpdrdboòi ka
buarpns pdrd trdtdr ka kostoimuor aitra oikovokuns drons y in drons, d trdvïs kal Kapdrtdfaitn
Kapdrtdfaitn pdrd al
Asbldrabofoaitn ka ld Uncldboòi y ld Unlætobd ka Coaiastdr Sdbodl.
 

Confabäiobd7

Kobjn ka astd fdiard, puaka qua sa poaisa qua ld confabäiobd

confabäiobd in toaia saitokn dlmuin, parn fubjn fäs dllä
astd kosboploid jd dyukdkn d rasnlvar fubjns prnclafds
prnclafds kal buarpn jufdin. Ld parsnid as fnvofoaitn.
Roafpra astdfns jdboaikn dbtovokdkas
dbtovokdkas qua bnisostai ai or ka ui ldkn pdrd ntrn n ka astdr fnvoïiknins sam÷i
ln raquoard dqualln ai ln qua dikdfns oifarsns ai asta fnfaitn. Ai budlquoar bdsn, fnvarins ins sorva pdrd
astdr ai bnitdbtn bni lds bnsds n pdrd d iuastrn puitn ka kastoin.

Al fnvofoaitn as uid radlokdk y sa kd ai fubjns äfcotns ka iuastrd vokd, yd sad pnrqua vdfns ka uid puitd d
ntrd ka ld boukdk n pnrqua iabasotdfns
iabasotdfns bnmar dlmn qua astä puastn ai ui soton qua in as al suyn n qua in
taikræd qua astdr puastn djæ y kasadfns bdfcodrln. Ai tnkds astds sotudbonias al fnvofoaitn as iabasdron y
dita asta, puakai nburror dlmuids oibokaibods qua sa puakai llamdr d bnivartor ai lasonias orrapdrdclas

¾Buälas sni lds proibopdlas vdrodclas ditrnpnfïtrobds bnisokardkds

bnisokardkds pdrd al kosaôn ka puastns ka trdcdgn>

Bdca kastdbdr qua ld vdrodcla

v drodcla ditrnpnfïtrobd
ditrnpnfïtrobd rabnfaikdkd
rabnfaikdkd raspnika dl brotaron ka topn ka trdcdgn y tdfcoïi dl
topn ka kosaôn, as kabor, kosaôn pdrd uid parsnid, prnfakon, axtrafns n pdrd ui oitarvdln dgustdcla.

Ai ld tdcld 3 sa fuastrdi lds pnsturds y vdrodclas ditrnpnfïtrobds rabnfaikdkds sam÷i al topn ka kosaôn pnr
bdkd puastn ka trdcdgn. Luamn ka okaitohobdr lns prnbasns palomrnsns y ka bninbar ld parbapboòi ka lns
trdcdgdknras sncra ïstns, sa aibnitrdrni iovalas ka parbapboòi dl roasmn qua nsboldi aitra ?% y 24%, soaikn al
fäs dltn pdrd lds tdrads ka fdiagn fdiudl ka bdrmds y ld parbapboòi fäs cdgd pdrd lds tdrads bni jarrdfoait
jarrdfoaitds
ds
fdiudlas, bnisokaräiknsa
bnisokaräiknsa qua huarni dplobdkns lns fosfns oistrufaitns dl tntdl ka ld fuastrd salabbonidkd.

D su vaz, yd avdludkds lds bnikobonias ka kosaôn ka bdkd puastn ka trdcdgn y bnitrdstdkn bni lds bnikobonias
rabnfaikdkds ai ld tdcld 3, sa bnibluya qua, ka 23 kofaisonias ralavditas avdludkds ai tnkns lns puastns ka
trdcdgn, sòln al 43,1 % sa aibuaitrdi aitra lns pdräfatrns inrfdlas ka kosaôn, as kabor, in raquoarai dbtudboòi
n fnkohobdboòi sam÷i ld pnsturd y topn ka kosaôn rabnfaikdkn. D bnitoiudboòi, sa prasaitdi lns rasultdkns ka
lns diälosos ka roasmns kosarmniòfobns
kosarmniòfobns ai lds tdrads avdludkds. 
 

Kasdrrnlla ui budkrn bnfpdrdtovn aitra Ditrnpnfatræd Astätobd y Ditrnpnfatræd Koiäfobd.

 

Aldcnrdr ui oihnmrdfd kal bnibaptn Confabäiobd ka Fnvofoaitns, utolozdikn ld jarrdfoaitd ]ac ka

su praharaibod.
 

Kahoid Confabäiobd Drtobuldr y faibonia tnkds lds vdrodclas qua oitarvoaiai ai ïstd.

Ld Confabäiobd jd sokn kahoiokd ka fubjds fdiards7

Lds cdsas fabäiobds ka ld conlnmæd, ld dbtovokdk fusbuldr, al astukon ka lns proibopons y raldbonias ofplobdkds

Ld dplobdboòi ka lds layas fabäiobds d lds astrubturds vovds, aspabodlfaita dl dpdrdtn lnbnfntnr kal buarpn
jufdin

As ld boaibod qua axdfoid lds huarzds oitarids y axtarids qua dbt÷di sncra al buarpn jufdin y al ahabtn qua
allds prnkubai

Ld trdsldboòi (n fnvofoaitn loiadr) toaia lumdr budikn ui buarpn; fuava tnkds suss us pdrtas ka fdiard qua tnkds
rabnrrai al fosfn aspdbon, ai ld fosfd korabboòi ai al fosfn oitarvdln ka toafpn. Qid fdiard ka katarfoidr
so al fnvofoaitn ka ui buarpn ai pdrtobuldr as ka topn trdisldtnron as bnisokardr al fnvofoaitn ka uid læiad
kocugdkd drcotrdrodfaita sncra al buarpn. Ro kurdita al fnvofoaitn ld læiad parfdiaba bni ld fosfd lnimotuk y
fnvofoaitn as trdsldtnron. 
soafpra astä pdrdlald d ld pnsoboòi oiobodl, sa puaka bnibluor qua al fnvofoaitn

Al fnvofoaitn rntdtnron (n fnvofoaitn dimuldr) toaia lumdr budikn tnkds lds pdrtas ka ui buarpn sa fuavai d
ln ldrmn ka uid trdyabtnrod borbuldr dlrakaknr
dlrakaknr ka uid læiad (bnisokardkd bnfn aga ka rntdboòi), bni al fosfn
äimuln, dl fosfn toafpn. Asta aga ka rntdboòi puaka n in pdsdr pnr al buarpn, parn soafpra as parpaikobuldr dl
pldin ka rntdboòi.

Asbdldras y vabtnras

Ra kainfoidi bditokdkas asbdldras

asbdldras dquallds qua sòln pnsaai ui i÷farn qua oikobd ld bditokdk y uid uiokdk ka
fakokd. Dso pnr agafpln, ;5 locrds, 15 idrdigds, 45 jnfcras, atb., sni fdmiotukas asbdldras pnrqua bufplai
bni lds kns bnikobonias aiufardkds. Udrd sufdr bditokdkas asbdldras sòln sa kaca taiar ai buaitd qua lds
uiokdkas ka fakokds sadi omudlas. Dsæ, bni lds bditokdkas ditaronrfaita aiufardkds, in pnkrædi sufdrsa
tnkds yd qua pnsaai uiokdkas ka fakokd koharaitas. Uarn so al bdsn huasa ;5 locrds, =5 locrds y 31 locrds, ld sufd

ka allds saræd 421 locrds. Ai maiardl, lns prnbasns fdtafätobns ka bditokdkas asbdldras sni lns fosfns prnbasns
fdtafätobns inrfdlas ka sufd, rastd, fultoplobdboòi y kovosoòi.
 

XAB[NSAR7 Ra kainfoidi vabtnras d lds bditokdkas qua pnsaai budtrn bnikobonias7 ui i÷farn qua oikobd
bditokdk, uid uiokdk ka fakokd, uid korabboòi y ui saitokn. Dsæ, ld huarzd as uid vdrodcla vabtnrodl pnrqua kaca
oikobdr lds uiokdkas ka fakokd, ld korabboòi y saitokn ai al budl sa agarba. Qid huarzd ka 45 Iawtni jdbod drrocd,
pnsaa lds budtrn bnikobonias7 ui i÷farn (45), uid uiokdk ka fakokd (iawtni), uid korabboòi (vartobdl) y ui
saitokn (jdbod dcdgn).
 

Qi parbaitol axprasd al pnrbaitdga ka oikovokuns ka uid pncldboòi kdkd bni uid kofaisoòi bnrpnrdl omudl n
fainr d ui katarfoidkn vdlnr. Al parbaitol as uid fakokd ka pnsoboòi.

Ro kovokofns
oikobd uid kostrocuboòi
al pnrbaitdga ka bdsns ai
pnr455 pdrtas
kacdgn kalomudlas y sa nrkaidi ai nrkai braboaita
vdlnr kdkn. braboaita ka 4 d 455, bdkd puitn

As kabor, qua sni vdlnras qua bnfpraikai d ui pnrbaitdga katarfoidkn kal bniguitn ka ld kostrocuboòi. Dsæ, al
parbaitol 31 (U31 ò U31) bnrraspnika d ui vdlnr tdl qua bnfpraika dl 31% kal bniguitn ka ld pncldboòi buyd
kostrocuboòi sa bnisokard0 as kabor, al 31% ka lns oikovokuns ka ld pncldboòi bnisokardkd toaia, pdrd ld vdrodcla ka
qua sa trdta, ui vdlnr oiharonr n omudl dl U31 ka asd vdrodcla.

Bnfn as ka aspardr, al U15 sa bnrraspnika bni ld fakodid ka ld pncldboòi. Ro ld kostrocuboòi as Inrfdl purd,
tdfcoïi sa bnrraspnika bni ld fakod y ld fnkd.

Al bnibaptn ka parbaitol as fuy ÷tol yd qua ins parfota sofplohobdr

sofplohobdr budikn jdcldfns kal pnrbaitdga ka parsnids
qua vdfns d taiar ai buaitd pdrd al kosaôn.

Unr agafpln, budikn ins raharofns d ld tdlld y jdcldfns kal U1, ïsta bnrraspnika d ui oikovokun ka tdlld
paquaôd y quoara kabor qua sòln ui 1% ka ld pncldboòi toaiai asd tdlld n fains.

Ro ins raharofns dl U15, ln qua kabofns as qua pnr kacdgn ka asa vdlnr sa aibuaitrd ld fotdk ka ld pncldboòi,
foaitrds qua budikn jdcldfns kal U?1, sa astä koboaikn qua pnr kacdgn ka asta puitn astä sotudkn al ?1% ka ld
pncldboòi, as kabor, bdso tnkd ld pncldboòi.

Lds lasonias f÷sbuln-asqualïtobds

f÷sbuln-asqualïtobds raldbonidkds bni al trdcdgn sni bdkd vaz fäs hrabuaitas.
hrabuaitas. Rni lasonias qua
dhabtdi d lns f÷sbulns, taiknias, juasns, lomdfaitns n kosbns ooitarvart
itarvartacrdlas.
acrdlas.

Ld fdynræd ka lds lasonias f÷sbuln-asqualïtobds

f÷sbuln-asqualïtobds in sa prnkubai pnr dbbokaitas n dmrasonias ÷iobds n dosldkds,
soin bnfn rasultdkn ka trdufdtosfns paquaôns y rapatokns. Ld aspabodlozdboòi ka fubjns trdcdgns jd

nromoidkn7
oibrafaitns ai al rotfn ka trdcdgn,

bnibaitrdboòi ka huarzds ai lds fdins, fuôabds y jnfcrns,

pnsturds hnrzdkds y fditaiokds bdusditas ka ashuarzns astätobns ai kovarsns f÷sbulns.

Astns hdbtnras sni lns bdusditas ka iufarnsns prnclafds ai crdzns, bualln y jnfcrns. Al fdiagn ka bdrmds
pasdkds y ai bnikobonias oidkabudkds as, pnr ntrn ldkn, uin ka lns proibopdlas bdusditas ka lasonias ai ld
aspdlkd.
 

Lds pnsturds, huarzds n bdrmds oidkabudkds puakai kacarsa tditntditn d lds bnikobonias kal puastn ka trdcdgn y d lds
bdrdbtaræstobds
bdrdbtaræstobds ka ld tdrad (rotfn, nrmdiozdboòi, atb.),
atb.), bnfn d lds bnikobonias ka sdluk parsnidlas, lns jäcotns ka
trdcdgn u ntrns
n trns hdbtnras parsnidlas.

Atdpds ka lns trdstnrins f÷sbuln-asqualïtobns

Lds lasonias f÷sbuln-asqualïtobds dsnbodkds d prnclafds armniòfobns toaiai uid mrdvakdk dôdkokd bni
raspabtn d ntrns prnclafds kal puastn ka trdcdgn7 lds fnlastods y prnclafds in sa prasaitdi oifakodtdfaita,
soin qua tdrkdi ui toafpn. Astn jdba qua in sa las kï tditd ofpnrtdibod, jdstd qua llamd ui fnfaitn ai al qua
dpdrabai fnlastods kurdkards
kurdkards n uid lasoòi.

Astds lasonias sni maiardlfaita ka dpdroboòi laitd y ka bdräbtar oinhaisovn ai dpdroaibod, pnr ln qua sa suala
ominrdr al sæitnfd jdstd qua sa jdba bròiobn y dpdraba al kdôn parfdiaita.

Ai uid profard atdpd sa fdiohoastd knlnr y bdisdibon kurdita lds jnrds ka trdcdgn, kasdpdraboaik
kasdpdraboaiknn huard ka
ïsta0 in sa rakuba al raikofoaitn ai al trdcdgn, puaka kurdr safdids a oiblusn fasas, y as uid atdpd ravarsocla.
Ai hdsas pnstaronras, lns sæitnfds dpdrabai dl afpazdr al trdcdgn y bnitoi÷di pnr ld inbja, dltardikn al suaôn y
kosfoiuyaikn
kosfoiuyaikn ld bdpdbokdk ka trdcdgn rapatotovn0 llamd d dpdrabar knlnr oiblusn bni fnvofoaitns in rapatotovns
 

y sa jdba kohæbol radlozdr tdrads, oiblusn lds fäs trovodlas. Ro lns prnclafds sa katabtdi ai ld profard atdpd,
puakai snlubonidrsa maiardlfaita
maiardlfaita fakodita fakokds armniòfobds0 ai atdpds fäs dvdizdkds, sa jdba
iabasdrod ld dtaiboòi fïkobd.

Lds lasonias f÷sbuln-asqualïtobds

f÷sbuln-asqualïtobds fäs bnfuias

[rdufdtosfns
[rdufdtosfns dbufuldtovns aspabæhobns ai fdin y fuôabd

[aikoiotos7 as uid oihldfdboòi ka ui taikòi kacokd, aitra ntrds bdusds pnsoclas, d qua astä rapatokdfaita ai
taisoòi, kncldkn, ai bnitdbtn bni uid suparhoboa kurd n snfatokn d vocrdbonias.

[ainsoinvotos7 ai asta bdsn sa prnkuba axbasovn læquokn soinvodl pnr pdrta ka ld vdoid taikoinsd, qua sa dbufuld
prnkuboaikn tufahdbboòi
tufahdbboòi y knlnr. Lds bdusds sni ld dplobdboòi rapatokd ka huarzd bni ld fuôabd ai pnsturds ka
hnrzdkds.

Mdimloòi7 joibjdzòi ka uid vdoid ka ui taikòi, qua sa llaid ka læquokn soinvodl0 al ärad dhabtdkd sa joibjd
prnkuboaikn ui cultn cdgn ld poal, maiardlfaita ai ld pdrta knrsdl n rdkodl ka ld fuôabd.

Ræikrnfa kal t÷ial bdrpodin7 sa nromoid pnr ld bnfprasoòi

bnfprasoòi kal iarvon fakodin ai al t÷ial bdrpodin ka ld

fuôabd. Lns sæitnfds sni knlnr, aitufabofoaitn y jnrfomuan ka pdrta ka ld fdin. Lds bdusds sa raldbonidi
bni lns ashuarzns rapatokns ka ld fuôabd ai pnsturds hnrzdkds.

[rdufdtosfns
[rdufdtosfns dbufuldtovns aspabæhobns ai crdzn y bnkn

Apobnikolotos7 bni al kasmdsta n usn axbasovn, lns taiknias kal bnkn sa orrotdi prnkuboaikn knlnr d ln ldrmn kal
crdzn. Lds dbtovokdkas qua puakai kasaibdkaidr asta sæikrnfa sni fnvofoaitns ka ofpdbtn n sdbukokds,
supoidboòi n prnidboòi rapatokd kal crdzn, y fnvofoai
fnvofoaitns
tns ka axtaisoòi hnrzdkns ka ld fuôabd. Al ‚bnkn kal
taiostd‟ as ui agafpln ka apobnikolotos0 lns sæitnfds
s æitnfds dpdrabai ai al apobòikoln.

Ræikrnfa kal t÷ial rdkodl7 dpdraba dl dtrdpdrsa parohïrobdfaita al iarvon rdkodl y sa nromoid pnr fnvofoaitns
rntdtnrons rapatokns
rapatokns kal crdzn, hlaxoòi rapatokd ka ld fuôabd bni prnidboòi n axtaisoòi ka ld fuôabd bni
supoidboòi.

[rdufdtosfns
[rdufdtosfns dbufuldtovns aspabæhobns ai jnfcrns y bualln

[aikoiotos kal fdimuotn ka rntdknras7 al fdimuotn ka rntdknras ln hnrfdi budtrn taiknias qua sa uiai ai ld
drtobuldboòi kal jnfcrn. Lns trdstnrins dpdrabai ai trdcdgns knika lns bnkns kacai astdr ai pnsoboòi alavdkd.
 

Ræikrnfa barvobdl pnr taisoòi7 sa nromoid pnr taisonias rapatokds kal f÷sbuln alavdknr ka ld asbäpuld y kal
mrupn ka hocrds fusbuldras kal trdpabon ai ld znid kal bualln. Dpdraba dl radlozdr trdcdgns pnr aibofd kal ioval
ka ld bdcazd rapatokd n snstaiokdfaita, budikn al bualln sa fditoaia kncldkn jdbod kaldita, n dl trdispnrtdr
ncgatns pasdkns.