In all societies relations between people are regulated by prescriptive laws .

Some of them are

customs – that is, informal rules of social and moral behaviour. Customs need not to be made by
governments, and they need not to be written down. We learn how we are expected to behave in
society through the instructions of family and teachers, the advice of friends, and our own
experience in communication with other people. Thus moral rules and ethics remind us that it is
immoral to covet, to tell lies, or to defame the dead. Sometimes we can break these rules without
suffering any penalty. But if we continually break the rules, or break a very important one, we
may lose our friends or their respect. The law, however, is not concerned with these matters and
leaves them to the individual’s moral choice and the pressure of public opinion results no legal
action.

Match the words with their meanings, in case you fail, consult a dictionary:

1. A punishment for breaking a rule or law. (D) a) conduct (n)

2. To describe clearly and exactly what something is, or what something b) obedience
means.(G) c) compulsion
3. This is the way someone behave in particular situations. (A) d) penalty
4. It is when people or animals do what they are told or ordered to. (B) e) to enable
5. To form the basis of something (of a theory, behaviour, doctrine, etc.) f) to prosecute
(H) g) to define
6. To initiate and conduct a legal action against somebody. (F) h) to underlie
7. If somebody uses it in order to get you to do something, they force you
to do it, for example, by threatening to punish you.(C)
8. To give someone an ability or opportunity to do something.(E)
Work in pairs: one student is to answer the following questions, trying not to look at the
text; his/her partner is to commentate.

1) What is the principle mechanism for keeping order among Navajo?

The principle mechanism for keep the order amon Navajo would makes all
members of a family, or even of a clan, responsible for the good behaviour of any
individual member.
2) What is a matter of important consideration for all of them?
The matter of importan consideration is maintaining the good name of the family
within the community
3) What are the reasons for possible conflicts?
There are two kind of reason for possible conflicts. First Disputes over the
possessions of farmland and the second is disputes arising from poor marital
relations were especially common in earliest times.
4) How do Navajo prefer to settle disputes?
There’s a system of Navajo that called tribal courts to settle the disputes, but most
of them still prefer use negotiations between the kin groups involved.
5) What methods of enforcing conformity exist among Apache?
The methods are gossip and indirect critism
6) What factors influence social behaviour of Apache?
The stories that repeated by elders and used a positive model to demonstrate or
imagine the story behaviour.