“Apostrofies”

1- ‘S (for singular)
2- S’ (for plural)
3- It’s(it is or it has) ( it’s + verb yb2a sah)
4- Its (pronoun) (its + noun yb2a sah)
5- Its’(wrong)
6- Who’s (who is , who has) (who’s + verb)
7- Whose (pronoun)(whose + verb)
Parallelism
Verb+ed (el verb el ba3deh bardo yb2a bl ed)
Ex : He watched and playing basket ball.
Playing(nsheel el ing w n7ot ed)
Pronoun Reference
1) sentence starts with pronoun(they , you , he , she , it )
Habos 3al choices and choose the first noun y2ablny fl
answers..
If you find a pronoun underlined in the passage (eg:
They), choose the first noun you see in the choices.
If you don’t find any noun , check whether the pronoun
agrees with the antecedent or not.
Eg: The teachers are sitting in their staff room.
A-No change
B- His
 C- Her
D-Its
The choice here will be no change as their refers to the
teachers. Plural noun suits the plural antecedent
teachers.

noun:(the children)(nada)
2)The pronoun has to be the same like the noun.
Ex: These are the children, I’m dancing with them.
Colon , semi colon , coma , dash
(Colon : )law el abl el colon complete sentence
bkhtarha 3ala tol.
(Coma , ) joins an incomplete sentence with a
complete sentence or vice versa .incomp , comp.

If there is a comma joining an incomplete sentence with

an incomplete sentence, this sentence is wrong it is a
comma splice error. A comma doesn’t join two
incomplete sentences. So choose el sentence el sada
ya3ny gomla men gheer punctuation khales.
 (_) or , ——, or - _ - (lazm el sentence law sheltha
mt2sarsh 3al gomla
(—— ) el dash heya heya el colon ya3ny lazm el
sentence el ablaha tb2a complete. ( comp-comp.)
(Semi colon ) same like the full stop.
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Transitions
-Also or And = adding information [ moreover ,
furthermore , in addition , additionally , also , too ,
as well]
-So=in the passage
Cause and effect [ therefore , consequently, thus ,
hence, as a result , because, accordingly ]
Show similarity: similarly, likewise , by the same
token , in the same way

-Gives a summary or restatement = In conclusion, in

summary , to sum up , in short , in other words
Shows order or sequance = Subsequently, previously,
afterwards, next , then , eventually, before.
-Gives emphasize to a poiny by adding a specific detail /
case = indeed , to illustrate , for instance , for example ,
as a matter of fact.
-But or Yet = presents an opposing point or ballances a
previous statement [However, fortunately, on the other
hand , conversely, where as , while , in contrast , on the
contrary]
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Note :
- And without a coma joins 2 subjects aw two verbs
- Law la2et pronoun adawar 3ala awel esm y2ablny w
law mal2tsh n5tar no change.
- 2 complete sentence without fan boys yb2a ya nwslha
ya nefslha ( awl sentence a5erha full stop 3ady)
-abl colon lazm yb2a fe complete sentence law msh
complete mn5trhash.
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