Number 1

Trapezoidal Rule
𝐽=∫25_1^2▒ 〖 1/𝑥 𝑑𝑥 〗
Solving True Value,
𝐽=∫1_1^2▒ 〖 1/𝑥 𝑑𝑥 〗
𝐽=ln⁡(𝑥) |_1^2
𝐽=ln⁡〖 (2)−ln⁡(1) 〗
𝑱=𝟎.𝟔𝟗𝟑𝟏𝟓 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔

Using Trapezoidal Rule,

𝐽=∫1_(𝑥_𝑜)^(𝑥_1)▒ 〖𝑓 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 〗≈ℎ /2[𝑓
(𝑥_0 )+𝑓(𝑥_1)]
Subinterval,
ℎ=𝑥_1−𝑥_0

x f(x) = 1/x h=2-1=1

Lower lim, x0 1 1.00000
Upper lim, x1 2 0.50000

Approximating,

𝐽=∫1_(𝑥_𝑜)^(𝑥_1)▒ 〖 1/𝑥 𝑑𝑥 〗≈ 1/2[1.00000+0.50000)]

J = 0.75000 units

% 𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟=|(𝑇𝑉−𝐸𝑉)/𝑇𝑉|∗100
% 𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟=|(0.69315−0.75000)/0.69315|∗100

% abs error = 8.20169 %

 Simpson's 1/3 Rule
𝐽=∫25_1^2▒ 〖 1/𝑥 𝑑𝑥 〗
Solving True Value,
𝐽=∫1_1^2▒ 〖 1/𝑥 𝑑𝑥 〗
𝐽=ln⁡(𝑥) |_1^2
𝐽=ln⁡〖 (2)−ln⁡(1) 〗
𝑱=𝟎.𝟔𝟗𝟑𝟏𝟓 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔

Using Simpson's 1/3 Rule,

𝐽=∫1_(𝑥_𝑜)^(𝑥_2)▒ 〖𝑓 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 〗≈ℎ /3[𝑓(𝑥_0 )
+4𝑓(𝑥_1 )+𝑓(𝑥_2)]
Subinterval,
ℎ=(𝑥_2−𝑥_0)/2
New reference point,
𝑥_1=ℎ+𝑥_0

x f(x) = 1/x h = (2-1)/2 = 0.5

Lower lim, x0 1 1.00000 x1 = 0.5 + 1 = 1.5
New ref val, x1 1.5 0.66667
Upper lim, x2 2 0.50000

Approximating,
𝐽=∫1_(𝑥_𝑜)^(𝑥_2)▒ 〖 1/𝑥
𝑑𝑥 〗≈ 0.5/3[1.00000+4(0.66667)+0.50000]

J = 0.69444 units

% 𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟=|(𝑇𝑉−𝐸𝑉)/𝑇𝑉|∗100
% 𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟=|(0.69315−0.69444)/0.69315|∗100

% abs error = 0.18675 %

 Simpson's 3/8 Rule
𝐽=∫25_1^2▒ 〖 1/𝑥 𝑑𝑥 〗
Solving True Value,
𝐽=∫1_1^2▒ 〖 1/𝑥 𝑑𝑥 〗
𝐽=ln⁡(𝑥) |_1^2
𝐽=ln⁡〖 (2)−ln⁡(1) 〗
𝑱=𝟎.𝟔𝟗𝟑𝟏𝟓 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔

Using Simpson's 3/8 Rule,

𝐽=∫1_(𝑥_𝑜)^(𝑥_2)▒ 〖𝑓 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 〗≈ 3ℎ/8[𝑓(𝑥_0 )+3𝑓(𝑥_1 )
+3𝑓(𝑥_2 )+𝑓(𝑥_3)]
Subinterval,
ℎ=(𝑥_3−𝑥_0)/3
New reference point,
𝑥_1=ℎ+𝑥_0 ; 𝑥_2=ℎ+𝑥_1

x f(x) = 1/x h = (2-1)/3 = 0.33333

Lower lim, x0 1 1.00000 x1 = 0.33333+1 = 1.33333
New ref val, x1 1.33333 0.75000 x2 = 0.33333+1.33333 = 1.66666
New ref val, x2 1.66666 0.60000
Upper lim, x2 2 0.50000

Approximating,
𝐽=∫1_(𝑥_𝑜)^(𝑥_2)▒ 〖 1/𝑥
𝑑𝑥 〗≈ 3(0.33333)/8[1.0000+3(0.75000)+3(0.60000)+0.50000]

J = 0.69374 units

% 𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟=|(𝑇𝑉−𝐸𝑉)/𝑇𝑉|∗100
% 𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟=|(0.69315−0.69374)/0.69315|∗100

% abs error = 0.08556 %

 Five-Point Quadrature Rule
𝐽=∫25_1^2▒ 〖 1/𝑥 𝑑𝑥 〗
Solving True Value,
𝐽=∫1_1^2▒ 〖 1/𝑥 𝑑𝑥 〗
𝐽=ln⁡(𝑥) |_1^2
𝐽=ln⁡〖 (2)−ln⁡(1) 〗
𝑱=𝟎.𝟔𝟗𝟑𝟏𝟓 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔

Using Five-Point Quadrature Rule,

𝐽=∫1_(𝑥_𝑜)^(𝑥_4)▒ 〖𝑓 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 〗≈ℎ /3[𝑓(𝑥_0 )+4𝑓(𝑥_1 )+2𝑓(𝑥_2 )
+4𝑓(𝑥_3 )+𝑓(𝑥_4)]
Subinterval,
ℎ=(𝑥_4−𝑥_0)/4
New reference point,
𝑥_1=ℎ+𝑥_0 ; 𝑥_2=ℎ+𝑥_(1 );𝑥_3=ℎ+𝑥_(2 );𝑥_4=ℎ+𝑥_3

x f(x) = 1/x h = (2-1)/4 = 0.25000

Lower lim, x0 1 1.00000 x1 = 0.25000+1 = 1.25000
New ref val, x1 1.25000 0.80000 x2 = 0.25000+1.25000 = 1.50000
New ref val, x2 1.50000 0.66667 x3 = 0.25000+1.50000 = 1.75000
New ref val, x3 1.75000 0.57143
Upper lim, x4 2 0.50000

Approximating,
+0.50000] 𝐽=∫1_(𝑥_𝑜)^(𝑥_4)▒ 〖 1/𝑥
𝑑𝑥 〗≈ 0.25000/3[1.00000+4(0.80000)+2(0.66667)+4(0.57143)+0.50000]

J = 0.69325 units

% 𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟=|(𝑇𝑉−𝐸𝑉)/𝑇𝑉|∗100
% 𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟=|(0.69315−0.69325)/0.69315|∗100

% abs error = 0.01500 %

 Summary of Results
Method True Value Approx. Value % abs error
Trapezoidal Rule 0.75000 8.20169
Simpson's 1/3 Rule 0.69444 0.18675
0.69315
Simpson's 3/8 Rule 0.69374 0.08556
Quadrature Rule 0.69325 0.01500

2𝑓(𝑥_2 )

57143)+0.50000]
Number 2
Trapezoidal Rule
𝐽=∫25_0^1▒ 〖𝑥𝑒𝑥𝑝 (−𝑥^2)𝑑𝑥 〗
Solving True Value,
𝐽=∫1_0^1▒ 〖𝑥𝑒𝑥𝑝 (−𝑥^2)𝑑𝑥 〗
𝐽= 〖 (−𝑒^( 〖−𝑥〗 ^2 )/2)| 〗 _0^1
𝐽=1/2−𝑒^(−1)/2
𝑱=𝟎.𝟑𝟏𝟔𝟎𝟔 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔

Using Trapezoidal Rule,

𝐽=∫1_(𝑥_𝑜)^(𝑥_1)▒ 〖𝑓 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 〗≈ℎ /2[𝑓
(𝑥_0 )+𝑓(𝑥_1)]
Subinterval,
ℎ=𝑥_1−𝑥_0

x f(x) = xexp(-x^2) h=1-0=1

Lower lim, x0 0 0.00000
Upper lim, x1 1 0.36788

Approximating, % 𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟=|(𝑇𝑉−𝐸𝑉)/𝑇𝑉|∗100

% 𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟=|(0.31606−0.32091)/0.31606|∗
𝐽=∫1_(𝑥_𝑜)^(𝑥_1)▒ 〖 𝑥𝑒𝑥𝑝 (-𝑥^2)𝑑𝑥 〗≈ 1/2[0.00000+0.36788]

J = 0.18394 units

% 𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟=|(𝑇𝑉−𝐸𝑉)/𝑇𝑉|∗100
% 𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟=|(0.31606−0.18394)/0.31606|∗100

% abs error = 41.80228 %

 Simpson's 1/3 Rule
𝐽=∫1_0^1▒ 〖𝑥𝑒𝑥𝑝 (−𝑥^2)𝑑𝑥 〗
Solving True Value,
𝐽=∫1_0^1▒ 〖𝑥𝑒𝑥𝑝 (−𝑥^2)𝑑𝑥 〗
𝐽= 〖 (−𝑒^( 〖−𝑥〗 ^2 )/2)| 〗 _0^1
𝐽=1/2−𝑒^(−1)/2
𝑱=𝟎.𝟑𝟏𝟔𝟎𝟔 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔

Using Simpson's 1/3 Rule,

𝐽=∫1_(𝑥_𝑜)^(𝑥_2)▒ 〖𝑓 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 〗≈ℎ /3[𝑓(𝑥_0 )
+4𝑓(𝑥_1 )+𝑓(𝑥_2)]
Subinterval,
ℎ=(𝑥_2−𝑥_0)/2
New reference point,
𝑥_1=ℎ+𝑥_0

x f(x) = xexp(-x^2) h = (1-0)/2 = 0.5

Lower lim, x0 0 0.00000 x1 = 0.5 + 0 = 0.5
New ref val, x1 0.5 0.38940
Upper lim, x2 1 0.36788

Approximating,
𝐽=∫1_(𝑥_𝑜)^(𝑥_2)▒ 〖𝑥𝑒𝑥𝑝 (−𝑥^2)𝑑𝑥 〗≈ 0.5/3[0.00000+4(0.38940)+
0.36788]

J = 0.32091 units

% 𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟=|(𝑇𝑉−𝐸𝑉)/𝑇𝑉|∗100
% 𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟=|(0.31606−0.32091)/0.31606|∗100 % 𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟=|(𝑇𝑉−𝐸𝑉)/𝑇𝑉|∗100
% 𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟=|(0.31606−0.31813)/0.31606

% abs error = 1.53563 %

 Simpson's 3/8 Rule
𝐽=∫1_0^1▒ 〖𝑥𝑒𝑥𝑝 (−𝑥^2)𝑑𝑥 〗
Solving True Value,
𝐽=∫1_0^1▒ 〖𝑥𝑒𝑥𝑝 (−𝑥^2)𝑑𝑥 〗
𝐽= 〖 (−𝑒^( 〖−𝑥〗 ^2 )/2)| 〗 _0^1
𝐽=1/2−𝑒^(−1)/2
𝑱=𝟎.𝟑𝟏𝟔𝟎𝟔 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔

Using Simpson's 3/8 Rule,

𝐽=∫1_(𝑥_𝑜)^(𝑥_2)▒ 〖𝑓 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 〗≈ 3ℎ/8[𝑓(𝑥_0 )+3𝑓(𝑥_1 )
+3𝑓(𝑥_2 )+𝑓(𝑥_3)]
Subinterval,
ℎ=(𝑥_3−𝑥_0)/3
New reference point,
𝑥_1=ℎ+𝑥_0 ; 𝑥_2=ℎ+𝑥_1

x f(x) = xexp(-x^2) h = (1-0)/3 = 0.33333

Lower lim, x0 0 0.00000 x1 = 0.33333+0 = 0.33333
New ref val, x1 0.33333 0.29828 x2 = 0.33333+0.33333 = 0.66666
New ref val, x2 0.66666 0.42745
Upper lim, x2 1 0.36788

Approximating,
𝐽=∫1_(𝑥_𝑜)^(𝑥_2)▒ 〖𝑥𝑒𝑥𝑝 (−𝑥^2)𝑑𝑥 〗≈ 3(0.33333)/8[0.0000+3(0.29828)+3(0.42745)
+0.36788]

J = 0.31813 units

% 𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟=|(𝑇𝑉−𝐸𝑉)/𝑇𝑉|∗100
% 𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟=|(0.31606−0.31813)/0.31606|∗100 % 𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟=|(𝑇𝑉−𝐸𝑉)/𝑇𝑉|∗100
% 𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟=|(0.31606−0.31609

% abs error = 0.65516 %

 Five-Point Quadrature Rule
𝐽=∫1_0^1▒ 〖𝑥𝑒𝑥𝑝 (−𝑥^2)𝑑𝑥 〗
Solving True Value,
𝐽=∫1_0^1▒ 〖𝑥𝑒𝑥𝑝 (−𝑥^2)𝑑𝑥 〗
𝐽= 〖 (−𝑒^( 〖−𝑥〗 ^2 )/2)| 〗 _0^1
𝐽=1/2−𝑒^(−1)/2
𝑱=𝟎.𝟑𝟏𝟔𝟎𝟔 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔

Using Five-Point Quadrature Rule,

𝐽=∫1_(𝑥_𝑜)^(𝑥_4)▒ 〖𝑓 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 〗≈ℎ /3[𝑓(𝑥_0 )+4𝑓(𝑥_1 )+2𝑓(𝑥_2 )
+4𝑓(𝑥_3 )+𝑓(𝑥_4)]
Subinterval,
ℎ=(𝑥_4−𝑥_0)/4
New reference point,
𝑥_1=ℎ+𝑥_0 ; 𝑥_2=ℎ+𝑥_(1 );𝑥_3=ℎ+𝑥_(2 );𝑥_4=ℎ+𝑥_3

x f(x) = xexp(-x^2) h = (1-0)/4 = 0.25000

Lower lim, x0 0 0.00000 x1 = 0.25000+0= 0.25000
New ref val, x1 0.25000 0.23485 x2 = 0.25000+0.25000 = 0.50000
New ref val, x2 0.50000 0.38940 x3 = 0.25000+0.50000 = 0.75000
New ref val, x3 0.75000 0.42734
Upper lim, x4 1 0.36788

Approximating,
𝐽=∫1_(𝑥_𝑜)^(𝑥_4)▒ 〖𝑥𝑒𝑥𝑝 (−𝑥^2)𝑑𝑥 〗≈ 0.25000/3[0.00000+4(0.23485)+2(0.38940)+4(0.42734)+0.36
788]

J = 0.31629 units

% 𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟=|(𝑇𝑉−𝐸𝑉)/𝑇𝑉|∗100
% 𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟=|(0.31606−0.31609)/0.31606|∗100

% abs error = 0.07176 %

 Summary of Results
Method True Value Approx. Value % abs error
Trapezoidal Rule 0.18394 41.80228
Simpson's 1/3 Rule 0.32091 1.53563
0.31606
Simpson's 3/8 Rule 0.31813 0.65516
Quadrature Rule 0.31629 0.07176

2734)+0.36