Inquiries, Investigations

and Immersion
Quarter 3 – Module 5 :
Synthesizing Review of Related
Literature
Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 5: Synthesizing Review of Related Literature
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

SENIOR HS MODULE DEVELOPMENT TEAM

Author : Maria Gladys D. Herrera

Co-Author – Language Editor : Samantha F. Batalla
Co-Author – Content Evaluator : May S. Flores
Co-Author – Illustrator : Maria Gladys D. Herrera
Co-Author – Layout Artist : Maria Gladys D. Herrera

Team Leaders:
School Head : Marijoy B. Mendoza,EdD
LRMDS Coordinator : Karl Tabernero

SDO-BATAAN MANAGEMENT TEAM:

Schools Division Superintendent : Romeo M. Alip, PhD, CESO V
OIC- Asst. Schools Division Superintendent : William Roderick R. Fallorin, CESE
Chief Education Supervisor, CID : Milagros M. Peñaflor, PhD
Education Program Supervisor, LRMDS : Edgar E. Garcia, MITE
Education Program Supervisor, AP/ADM : Romeo M. Layug
Education Program Supervisor, Senior HS : Danilo C. Caysido
Project Development Officer II, LRMDS : Joan T. Briz
Division Librarian II, LRMDS : Rosita P. Serrano

REGIONAL OFFICE 3 MANAGEMENT TEAM:

Regional Director : May B. Eclar, PhD, CESO III
Chief Education Supervisor, CLMD : Librada M. Rubio, PhD
Education Program Supervisor, LRMS : Ma. Editha R. Caparas, EdD
Education Program Supervisor, ADM : Nestor P. Nuesca, EdD

Printed in the Philippines by the Department of Education – Schools Division of Bataan

Office Address: Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City,
Bataan Telefax: (047) 237-2102
E-mail Address: bataan@deped.gov.ph
 Inquiries,
Investigations and
Immersion
Quarter 3 – Module 5:
Synthesizing Review of Related
Literature
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you
will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they
can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the nature of Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language
used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to
follow the standard sequence of the course.

This is comprised of two different lessons that are congruent to one another. These
are the following:

At the end of the lessons, you are expected to:

1. evaluate the information cited on your RRL;

2. identify the gaps, themes, and ideas conveyed by the sources on your RRL;
and
3. write down the synthesis of your Review of Related Literature.

3
 What I Know
Write T if the statement is True and F if otherwise. Write your answers on your
notebook.

1. Synthesis is a combination of different ideas to form a new whole.

2. A synthesis of a research paper is about concisely summarizing and linking

different sources to get the idea of the literature review.

3. Synthesizing the collection of sources gathered in the research paper is not

essential in conducting research.

4. Synthesis and analysis usually go together when you are synthesizing your
Review of Related Literature.

5. Synthesis determines the question, “Which sources overlap or share the same
opinion/findings?”

6. A synthesis answers the question, “Have the researcher found any common
traits or themes in the research literature?”

7. Synthesizing Review of Related Literature should not just tell us what the
research tells us but should also identify what the research does not tell us.

8. Synthesis draws conclusion about the findings in the literature so that you
can identify how the literature addresses your research question.

9. In the process of synthesizing the literature review of the researcher, “the new
whole” are the findings that the researcher gathered and read.

10. The conclusion that the researcher draw from the gathered findings of the
researcher is called the “new whole”.
 Lesson Synthesizing Review of
1 Related Literature
As a researcher and a writer of an academic paper, it is just right to know the proper
way of synthesizing findings coming from sources that researchers will put on their
manuscript.

What’s In

A researcher’s manuscript contains body of knowledge that came from different

reputable, reliable, and factual sources of information. The researcher is also
responsible in scrutinizing every angle of information on it whether how will it
answer the research questions available on her manuscript.

Using the crossword puzzle, find out the ten references that a researcher may use in
citing sources. Write your answer on your notebook.

N E W S P A P E R Q D E A

A N T J O U R N A L C F Z

B C M H U V E F P A B G Y

C Y L N E W D G O W A H X
D C K O T S C H N S Z I W

E L J P S X I I M R Y J V

B O O K S Y B S L S X K U
F P A A M E N D M E N T S

M E M O R A N D U M S L T

G D I Q R Z A J K T W M R

D I S S E R T A T I O N Q
H A R T I C L E S U V O P

Notes to the Teacher

to accomplish their academic paper easily while it targets the goals set by the Department of Education. The activities are crafted as flexible as it can be in order to
 What’s New

Read carefully the given citations used by the researcher on her study entitled The
Online Distance Learning: Its Impact to Students Performance.
According to Panigrahi et.al. (2018) proposed that the integration of
virtual communities to online learning platforms may cause a better outcome
and engagement. Also, Picciano (2002) found out in his study that the success of
many online course is dependent upon the nature of student to student and
student to faculty interaction. Moreover, in the study of Salamat et.al. (2018)
they highlighted that e-learning provides time flexibility to the students and it
motivates students to do their work without the help of others. Furthermore,
through their study they have found out that the students feel more comfortable
when they are using the internet. Salamat et.al (2018) concluded the e-learning
system in education is effective for students.
Source: Herrera, M.G. (2021). Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion-Q3-M4-Citation
of Review of Related Literature. Department of Education. Philippines.

1. Did the researcher use the American Psychological Association (APA) citation
style? Prove your answer in two (2) to three(3) sentences. (5pts)
2. What do you think are the commonalities and differences of the information
that the researcher mentioned above? (5pts)

What is It
As the researcher progresses on the paper that she writes, it is just right that she
must conduct a synthesis of RRL for her to be able to identify the strength and
weaknesses of each of the sources that she has cite on her manuscript. Most of the
student-researcher nowadays takes a hard time to scholarly synthesize an
information.

Let us discuss in a comprehensible way on how you will synthesize all the
information that you have on your Review of Related Literature.

Synthesizing an RRL must demonstrate a critical analysis of the papers or sources

that the researcher collected, as well as, it must show the ability of the researcher to
integrate the results of her analysis on Chapter II. A synthesis must also be
evaluated and weighed critically. Moreover, it is an advanced reading technique or
skill that requires critical analysis, creativity, and insightful mind of a researcher. It
also contrasts and combines information and ideas from the gathered sources of the
researcher. It also gives an integration of information from different sources to
highlight important points of connection and relatedness, to address similarities and
differences and draw conclusion. Synthesizing a collection of RRL combines parts
and elements from a variety of sources into one unified and integrated entity.

How to synthesize a review of Related Literature?

In a person’s daily routine, they always experience synthesizing information from

different sources, such as from the stories you have heard from a new source and
discussions about the same topic with others.

Below are the steps on how to synthesize a Review of Related Literature.

1. Digest the material and understand the content of the sources.

In this process, you have to determine and identify similarities among the articles by
group in terms of concepts, patterns, and relationship. You may ask these questions
within yourself.

-Did the author used similar conceptual and theoretical framework, sample
participants, methodologies, or instruments and procedures to collect data?

-How and in what way are the findings similar?

-Are there any studies that served as an extension of another study?

Remember you should be noting not only the articles that are similar but how they
are similar.

2. Review and critically analyze the sources.

This second step may determine the differences and contradictions among the
articles by group. You can ask these questions to yourself.

-Did the authors used different conceptual and theoretical framework, sample
participants, methodologies, or instruments and procedures to collect data?

-How and in what ways are the findings different and contradictory?

3. Synthesize the content of the information that you have gathered.

It means going beyond your critique to determine the relationships or patterns
among sources, identifying then comparing and contrasting common concepts or
themes.

This step determines general observations and conclusions about each topic given
the relationship inferred from the group of articles within each topic. It also
determines the existence of any reoccurring concepts, relationships, patterns, or
themes and if any of these are in need of further inquiry.

For instance, on your three different sources you have found out different themes
such as theme A, theme B, and theme C. You might compare and contrast things on
those three themes that emerged on your sources. Consequently, it may also happen
that there is one seminal study done that all other researchers expanded upon. If
you will to ask if there are overall themes that are used in a review of related
literature, the answer is whatever the theme or pattern appeared on your
information gathered, try to infer beyond what was indicated on your collection of
sources. In order for you to have a well-developed synthesis of your study, one
must use their ability
 of having the “higher ordered thinking skills”. Through your HOTS you will be able
to write objectively and constructively. Also, you can provide ideas clearly, logically
organized, and focused writing.

Note: A key element to make a good synthesis of review of related literature is the
integration, which is about making connections between and among ideas and
concepts. It is about applying what you have researching within a larger framework,
thereby providing you a new way of looking onto a phenomenon.

Here is a diagram which will help you synthesize and analyze your literature
review.

What is the background of

the researcher’s participant?.

-accessibility on the internet

Purpose Method Results

To address the Using m- learning apps and use of cloud services.

Online literature review
Panigrahi et.al. (2018) attrition issue
and increase the learning outcome

To examine performance in an online course in relationship

Data to student’s
of Measures interaction.
of interaction andApresence
strong positive relationship
and measures between students perception of their interaction in the course
of performance
Picciano (2002)

Example of Synthesis of Review of Related Literature

The studies mentioned above, focussed on finding out the connection of

students performance while students were engaged in an online class. They further
noted that while a student has an access to education using online media, it may
gleaned that a student can perform well on his academics. In addition, both of the
studies above shown that there is really an impact between students’ performance
and online distance learning.
 What’s More
Classify the given statements about synthesizing literature using the table below.
Write your answers on your notebook.

1. It must compare and contrast each of the contents of the information that
the researcher puts on her Review of Related Literature subject.
2. It must just provide a copy and paste material of the source.
3. It must demonstrate a profound explanation of the researcher’s collection of
gathered information
4. A synthesis is a mere statement of “All of the three aforementioned
paragraphs are a good research paper”.
5. A synthesis of the review of related literature must develop the higher order
thinking skills of the researcher.
What makes a well-developed synthesis? What didn’t help to make a well-developed
synthesis?

What I Have Learned

Fill in the blanks with the word that will best fit in the sentence. Write your answers
on your notebook.

Synthesizing an RRL demonstrates a (1) of the papers or sources that the

researcher collected, as well as, it must show the ability of the researcher to (2) the
results of her analysis on her Chapter II. A (3) must also evaluated and weighed
critically. Moreover, it is an advanced reading technique or skill that requires critical
analysis, (4) , and (5) mind of a researcher. It also (6) and (7)
information and ideas from the gathered sources of the researcher. It also gives an
(8) of information from different sources to highlight important (9) and
(10) , to address similarities and differences and draw conclusion. Synthesizing a
collection of RRL combines parts and elements from a variety of sources into one unified
and integrated entity.
 What I Can Do

Using your Research Working Title from your previous modules, fill in the given
chart below. Copy and answer this activity on your notebook.

Write here your research question #1. Purpose Method Results

Write here your sourceWhat

#1.was the intention of the author of the source?
What methodology was used?What was the proposed solution of the source?

Write here your sourceWhat

#2.was the intention of the author of the source? What was the proposed solution of the source?
What methodology was used?

Write here your What was the intention of the author of the source?
What methodology was used?What was the proposed solution of the source?
source #3.

Reflective Question:
From the three sources that you have cited and written in the chart above, create
your synthesis of review of related literature. Write your answers on your notebook.
 Assessment

Write T if the statement is true and F if otherwise. Write your answers on your
notebook.
1. A synthesis tries to determine the connection of the researcher’s review of
related literature.
2. Integration of parts of the researcher’s information gathered into a whole new
idea is a characteristic of synthesis of RRL.
3. Synthesis is a combination of different ideas to form a new whole.
4. In synthesizing a collection of ideas, the researcher must identify the
methodology used, participants, and instruments used in the study of another
researcher.
5. A synthesis of a research paper is about concisely summarizing and linking
different sources to get the idea of the literature review.
6. Synthesizing the collection of sources gathered in the research paper is not
essential in conducting research.
7. Synthesis and analysis usually goes together when you are synthesizing your
Review of Related Literature.
8. Synthesis determines the question, “Which sources overlap or share the same
opinion/findings?”
9. A synthesis answers the question, “Have the researcher found any common
traits or themes in the research literature?”
10. Synthesizing Review of Related Literature should not just tell us what the
research tells us but should also identify what the research does not tell us.

Additional Activities

With your Research Working Title, synthesize your review of related

literature. Write your synthesis on your notebook.
Rubrics for the What I Can Do and Additional Activity Part

Excellent Good Fair Poor

(8-10) (5-7) (3-4) (1-2)
Balanced viewpoint
(Objective, balanced view point
from various perspective)
Coherent Theme
(Each cited studies are related to
the study and to other studies)
Depth and Breadth of Research
(Variety of study and attention to
detail about the topic)
Analysis
(Collection of studies analyzed for
differences and commonalities
about the topic)
Balanced viewpoint
(Objective, balanced view point
from various perspective)
Conclusion and Synthesis
(Information synthesized and
brought to the logical conclusion)
Organization and Alignment
(Information are logically
organized with good flow. Issues
are threaded throughout the
paper)
Mechanics
(Correct spelling, punctuation,
sentence structure, word usage)
APA
(Correct use of APA in the body of
the study)
References
(References correctly typed,
appropriate number and quality)
Source: Hadley,K. (n.d). Literature review rubric. Retrieved from
https://faculty.weber.edu/kristinhadley/med6000/Literature%20Review%20
Rubric.pdf
Answer Key
 References
Herrera,M.G.(2021). Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion-QIII-MIV- Citation of
Review of Related Literature. Department of Education. Philippines.

La Jolla, G. (2021). What types of references are appropriate?. Department of

Psychology. Regents of University of California.

Taylor, C. (n.d.). What is synthesis?. University of Manitoba. Retrieved from January

29,2021.https://umanitoba.ca/faculties/nursing/students/What_is_synthesi
s.pdf

SAGE Publications (2019). Developing and Presenting Your Literature Review. SAGE
Publication, p. 157-160.

Panigrahi, R.,Srivastava, S.R., Sharma, D. (2018). Online learning: adaptation,

continuance, and learning outcome. International Journal of Information 43,1-
14.doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.05.005

Picciano, A.G. (2002). Beyond students’ perception: issues of interaction, presence

and performance in an online course. Journal of Asynchronous Learning
Networks, 6(1),33.doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2006.11.007
Salamat, L., Ahmad,G., Bakht,I., & Saifi,I.L. (2018). Effects of e-learning on students’
academic learning at university level. Asian Innovative Journal of Social
Sciences and Humanities, 2(2),1-12.

Hadley,K. (n.d). Literature review rubric. Retrieved from

https://faculty.weber.edu/kristinhadley/med6000/Literature%20Review%20
Rubric.pdf

or feedback, please write or call:

Education – Region III,

n of Bataan - Curriculum Implementation Division Learning Resources Management and Development Section (L

tol Compound, Balanga City, Bataan Telefax: (047) 237-2102