Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Аронсон, Пратканис. Эпоха Пропаганды. Механизмы Убеждения, Повседневное Использование и Злоупотребление
Аронсон, Пратканис. Эпоха Пропаганды. Механизмы Убеждения, Повседневное Использование и Злоупотребление
� � � )
http://ihtik.da.ru
Ihtik@ufacom.ru
��� � � � � � ., � � � � � ���� �. �.
��� � � ��� � � � � � � � : ��� � � � � � � ��� � � � � � , ��� � � � � � � � � �
��� � � � � � � � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � � � � � � . ��� � � � � . ���. -
� � � .: � � � � � - � � � � � � � � , 2003. - 384 � . � ( � � � � � �
ISBN 5-93878-046-2
ISBN 0-7167-3108-8 ( � � � � . )
��� � � � � � � � � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � � �
��� � � �
AGE OF PROPAGANDA:
The Everyday Use and Abuse of Persuasion
Revised Edition
W. H. Freeman and company
NEW YORK
2001
��� � � ��� � � � � � � � :
��� � � � � � � ��� � � � � � , ��� � � � � � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � � � � �
��� � � � �. � � � � � � � � � , � � � � � � ��� � � � �
��� � � � � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � , ��� � � - ��� �
��� � � � ��� � � � � � � � � � � ��� � � � �
��� � �- ��� � � � � � �
��� � � � - ��� � � � �ʻ
��� � ��
��� � �- ��� � �
2003
��� � � � � � � �
�� ��� � � � �
*** Aronson, E. & Pratkanis, A. R (Eds.). (1993). Social Psychology. (Vols. 1 � 3).
Cheltenham, Gloucestershire: Edward Elgar Publishing. � � � � � . � � � � � .
* � .: � � � - � � � � � , � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � , 2000. � � .
110. ** � � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � , 2000, � 1 � 2. � � .
13.
** � � . : ��� � � � � � � � �. � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ��� � � � :
��� � � � �� ��� � � � � � � � � . ��� ��� � � � � � ��� � � � � ,
��� � � � �� � ��� � � � � � � � � � � ��� � � . ���. � ��� �. � ��� � � �
��� � � � � � : � � � � , 1995; � � � � � � �. �. � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
��� � � ��� � � � � � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � � � � � ��� � � � � � :
��� � � � � � ��� � � � � � , ��� � � � � � � � � ��� � � � � � // � � � � � �
��� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � . 1997. � 1. � . 102 � 109; � � � � � � �.
�. � � � � � � � �� ��� � � �. �. � � � � � � � � � � �� ��� � � � � �
��� � � � � � � � � " � // � � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � . 1999.
� 3; � � � � � � ., � � � � � � � � � � � ., � � � � � � � � � � � ., � � � � � � .,
��� � � � � � �. �. � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ��� � � � :
��� � � � � � � � � � ��� � � // � � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � � � �
� � � � � � � � � , 2000, � 1 � 2. � � . 57 � 87; � � � � � � �.
��� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ��� � � � : ��� � � � � ��� ��� � � � � � � � .
��� � � � � � , ��� � � � � � ��� � � � ��� � � ��� � � � � (� � � � � � � ��
��� � � ��� � � � � � ��� � � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ) //
��� � � � ��� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � , 2000, � 1 � 2. � � . 88 � 93;
��� � � � �. � � � � � � � � � � � � �� ��� � � � � � � � � � � � � � ��� � � � :
��� � � � � � � � � � � ��� � � � , ��� � � � � � ��� � � � � , ��� � � �
� � � � � � . � � � � . : � � � � � - � � � � � � � � , 2001. � � � � � � � � � � , � � � �
��� � � � � � � � � � � ��� � � � � � � ��� � � � � ��� � � � � � ��� � � � � �
��� � � � : ��� � � � � � � �� ��� � � � � : ��� � � � ��� � � � �
��� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � � � � � � . � � � � � � . �.
��� � � � � � ; ��� � � � - ��� � � � �. � � � � � - � � � � � � � � � � � � � :
��� � � � � � � � � � ��� � � � ��� � �; ��� � � � �. � � � � � � �
��� � � � � � � ��� � � � � � � ��� � � � � : ��� � � � � � � � � �� ��� � � � ,
��� � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � � � �� ��� � � � � � � � � � � ��� � � � � ; �
��� � � � � � � ��� � � � .
*** � � � � � � ., ��� � � � � � � � � ., � � � � � � � � � � � ., � � � � � � .,
��� � � � � � �. �. � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ��� � � � :
��� � � � � � � � � � ��� � � // � � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � � � �
��� � � � � � � , 2000, � 1 � 2. � � . 67.
* ��� � � �. � � � � � ��� � � // � � � � � � ., � � � � � � �. � � � � � � � � �
�� ��� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � . � � � � .: � � � � � , 2000. � � .
260 � 276.
*** � � . : Conway, Flo and Siegelman, Jim. Snapping: America's Epidemic of Sudden
Personality Change. Second Edition. Stillpoint Press, NY, 1995; � � � � � � �. �.
��� � � � � � ��� � � � ��� � � � � ��� � � � � (� � � � � � � � � � � � �
� � � � � � � ) // � � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � . 1996. � 5. �
� . 90 � 91.
��� � � � � �. � . � � � � � � � � � . � � � � � � � � � � � � � � .
(� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ) . � � � � � � � � � , 1989. � � � � � � �
�. �. � � � ��� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � . � � � , � � � � � � � � , 1997.
��� � � � � �. � � � � � � � � � � � � . � � � .: � � � � � � � ��� � � � � � ���,
1998. � � � � � � � � �. � ., � � � � � � � � . � ., � � � � � � � � �. � . � � � � �
� � � � � � � � � . � � � . 1997.
��- �� � � � � , �� � � � � � � � � ��� � � � � � ��� � � � � � ��
��� � � � � � � ��� � � � � � � ��� � � � � � . � ��� � � � ��� � � � � � ,
��� ��� � ��� � � � ��� � � � � � � � � ��� � � ��� � � � � � � � �
��� � � � �� ��� � �� ��� � � � � ��� � � � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � � �
��� �� ��� � � � � � � � ��� � �- �� ��� � � � � ��� � � � � . ��� � ���
��� � � � ��� � ��� � � � � � � � ��� � ��� �, ��� � � � ��� � � � � �
��� � � � � � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � ��� � � � � ��� � � � � � ��� � � �
��� ��� � � � � � � . �� ��� � � � � � � �� ��� � � � � �� ��� � � � � �
��� � � ��� � � � � � � � � � � � � ��� � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � , ���
��� � � � � � � � ��� � � � � ��� � � � � � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � � � � �
��� � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � ��� � � � � � � ? ���- �� �� ��� � � � � �
��� ��� � � � � ��� � � � � � ��� � � � � � ��� � ��� � � (� � � � � � �
��� � ��� � �, ��� � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � � � ��� � � � � ), � ��� �-
�� �� ��� � � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � �
��� � � � � � � � � � ��� � � � � ��� � � �� ��� � � � ��� � � � � � � � �
��� � � � � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � � � � ���
��� � � � � � �� �� ���, � �� ��� � � � � � � ��� � � ��� ��� �
��� � �. ��� ��� � � ��� � � ��� � � ��� � � � � � � ��� � � ��� � �
��� � � � � � � � � ��� � � �� � � � . ��, �� � � � � ��� � � � � � � � � � � �
��� � � � � � � � � � � � ��� � � ��� � � � , �� ��� � � � ��� � � � ��� � �
��� � ��� � � � � � � , ��� � ��� ��� � � � � � ��� � � - ��
��� � � � � � � � � ��� � � � � ��� � � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � � � � � �
��� � � � � � � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � � � ��� � � � � � ��� ��� � � � � � ,
��� � � ��� ��� � ��� � � � � ��� � � ��� � � � � ��� � � � � � .
��� � � � � ��� � � � ,
��� � � � � ��� � � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � , ��� � � �
��� � � � ���� � � � � ��� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � . �. �.
��� � � � ���� � �.
��� � � � ��� � � � � � , ��� � � � 2001 � .
��� � � � � � � � � � � � � � ��� � � � �
��� � � � � � � � � � � ��� � � � � � �
��� � � � � � � � � � ��� � � � �
��� � 1: � � � � � � � � � � ��� �
��� � 2: � � � � � � � � � � � � � ��� � � � � � �
��� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ��� � � � � �
** � � � � � , � � � � � � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � ��� � � � �
��� � � � � � � � � � , ��� � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � ��� � � � � � �
��� � � � � ��� � ��� � � � � � � � . � ��� �. ��� � � .
��� � � � � � � ��� � � � � � �
��� � � � OTMAHOK*
��� � � � � � � � ��� � � � �
�, � � � � � � � ��, �� � � � � � � � � � � �� ��� � � � ��
��� � � � � � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � � � ��� � � � . ��� � � � � � , ��� � �
� Amway � , � � � � � � � � � � � � ��� � � � � � � , ��� � � � ��� � � � � �
��� � � � � � � � � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � , ��� � � � � � � ��� � �
��� � � � � �� ��� � � � � ��� � � � ��� � � � ��� � � � � � ��� � � �
��� � � � � �� ��� � � � � ��� � � � � ��� � � � ��� � � � � �
��� � � � � ��� ��� � � � � � ��� � ��� � � � � ��� � ��� � ���
��� � � � � � � � ��� � � ��� � � ��� � � � � � � �� ��� �. ��� � � � �
�� ��� � � � , � ��� ��� � � � � � � � , ��� � � � � � � � � � � ��, � ��
��� � � � ��� � � � ��� � � � � � � � � � ��� � �� � � � 6.
��� �- ��� � � � � *
��� � � � � , ��� � �
� ��� � � � � ��� � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � � � �
��� � � �
�� �� ��� � � � ��� � � � � , ��� � � � ��� � � � ��� � � � � �
��� � � �� ��� � � � � � . �� ��� � ��� � � � � � �� ��� � � � �
��� � � �
�� ��� � ��� � � ��� � � � ��� � � � � � - ��� � � � � � � � � .
��� � � ��� � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � � ��� � � � � � ��� � � � � � ,
��� � �� ��� � � � � � � � � � � � � � : � � � [� � � � � � � � ] � � � � � � � � � �
��� � ��� � �, � ��� � � ��� � � � � ��� � � � � � � ��� � � � � � �
��� � �� �.
��� � � �
��� ��� � � � ��� � � � � � , ��� � � � ��� � � � � �
��� � � �
��� ��� � � � � � � � � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � � � ��� � � �
��� � � �
��� ��� � � � � � � � ��� � � � � ��� � � � � ���. ���
��� � � ��� � � � � � � � , ��� � � � � , ��� � � �
� ��� � � � � � � � ,
��� � � �
���� � ��� � � � � � � � , ��� � � � � � � � � �� ��� � ��
��� � � �
��� ��� � � � � � � � � ��� � � � � ��� � � � � ��� ���
��� � � �
���� � � ��� � � � � � � � ��� � � . ��� � � � � � � � ���
��� � � ����,
� ��� ��� � � ��� � � � � � ��� � � � � �
��� � � �
���� � � � � ��� � � � � , ��� � � ��� � � � , � ��� � � � � � � ,
��� � � �� ��� � � � � � � � � ��� � � � � � ��� � � ��� � ���.
��� � ��� ��� �, ��� � � � ��� � �, ��� � � � � � � ��� ��� � �
��� � ������ � ��� � � � � � : ��� � � � , ��� � � � � � ��� � � ��� �
�� �. �� ���? �� � � � � � � � ? �. �� � � � � ��� � � � � ��� � � �
��� � ������ � �.
��� � � � � ��� � � � � � � � �
��� � � � � � � � � � � � 10 � � � � � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � � (� � � 4%
��� � � � � � � � � � � ��� � � � � � ) ��� � � � � � ��� � � �
��� � � � � � � � � � ��� � � � � � � . ��� ��� � ��� � � � �
��� � � ����� ��� � � � � � (� � � � � � � � � � , � � � � � � � � �� �� ���
��� � � ��� � � � � � � � � � �� ��� � � ��� ��� � � � � � ��� � � �
� � � ), ��� �� ��� � � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � � , � ��� � � � ��� � � ,
��� � � ��� ��� � � � � � � � � � � ��� � � � , ��� � � � � � , ��
��� � � ����� � � ��� � � � � ��� � � � � ���. ��� �� ��� � � �
��� � � �� ��� � � � � � � � � ��� � � � ? ��� � � � � ��� � � � �
��� � � ��� �� ��� ��� � � � � ��� � � � � � � ��� � � � � � : ���, ���
��� � � ����� � ��� � � � � � � � � � , � ��, �� � �� � � � � �
��� � � ����� ��� ��� � � � � ��� � � � � ��� � � , ��� � � � � � ,
��� � ��� � � � � � � ��� ��� � � � � ��� � � � � � ��� � � � � � . ��� � �
��� � � ����� � � ��� � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � ���, ��� ��� ��� �
��� � � ����� � � ��� � � � � � � � � ��� � � ��� � � ��� � � � � � .