HW 3

Translate the following sentences:

A) Visoka peć je najstarija industrijska peć. To je velika peć u kojoj se željezna ruda koja sadrži mnoge
neželjene primjese zagrijava pod pritiskom tako da se topi i na taj način se proizvodi sirovo gvožđe,
kao i liveno gvožđe.
Moderne visoke peći su obično vrlo velike, a izrađene su od čelika i obložene su šamotnom opekom.
Kroz otvor na vrhu visoke peći dodaju se razni dodatni materijali, poput koksa, kao i topitelj, obično
krečnjak, koji pospješuju proces proizvodnje gvožđa.
Prečišćavanje željezne rude je jako bitan proces u proizvodnji željeza i odvija se u reducirajućoj
atmosferi visoke peći.

The blast furnace is the oldest industrial furnace. It is a large furnace in which iron ore containing
many unwanted impurities is heated under pressure so that it melts and in that way pig iron is
produced, as well as cast iron.
Modern blast furnaces are usually very large, and are made of steel and lined with fireclay bricks.
Through the opening at the top of the blast furnace, various additional materials are added, such as
coke, as well as a smelter, usually limestone, which accelerates the process of iron production.
Iron ore refining is a very important process in iron production and takes place in a reducing blast
furnace atmosphere.

B) Cast irons, alloys of iron that contain 2 to 4 percent carbon, fall into three main groups: gray,
malleable iron and nodular cast iron.
Gray iron can be produced from pig iron by remelting pig iron, thus removing undesirable
contaminants.
Iron which is combined with 0,03 to 1.7% of carbon is steel and it is produced in one of several types
of furnaces by reducing cast iron and scrap steel.
Apart from gray iron and cast iron, wrought iron can be also produced from pig iron. This type of
iron contains the least amount of carbon of any of the ferrous metals which are used commercially.
A system of double bells is used to charge the blast furnace to minimize the escape of blast furnace
gases and dust to the environment.
Wrought iron is an iron alloy with a very low carbon content (less than 0.08%) in contrast to that of
cast iron (2.1% to 4%).

Lijevano željezo, legure željeza koje sadrže 2 do 4 posto ugljika, svrstavaju se u tri glavne skupine:
sivo, kovano željezo i nodularni liv.
Sivo gvožđe može se proizvesti od sirovog gvožđa pretapanjem sirovog gvožđa, uklanjajući na taj
način neželjena onečišćenja.
Gvožđe koje se kombinira sa 0,03 do 1,7% ugljenika je čelik i proizvodi se u jednoj od nekoliko vrsta
peći redukcijom livenog gvožđa i otpadnog čelika.
Osim sivog i livenog gvožđa, kovano gvožđe može se proizvoditi i od sirovog gvožđa. Ova vrsta
željeza sadrži najmanje ugljika od bilo kojeg željeznog metala koji se komercijalno koristi.
Sistem dvostrukih zvona koristi se za punjenje visoke peći kako bi se minimalizovao izlazak gasova i
prašine iz visoke peći u okolinu.
Kovano gvožđe je legura gvožđa sa vrlo niskim sadržajem ugljenika (manje od 0,08%) za razliku od
livenog gvožđa (2,1% do 4%).
Describe the process of steel production in a blast furnace in your own words.

Steel is primarily produced using one of two methods: Blast Furnace or Electric Arc Furnace.The
blast furnace uses coke, iron ore and limestone to produce pig iron.Coal is a key part of the coke-
making process. The coal is crushed and ground into a powder and then charged into an oven where
it is heated to approximately 1800°F in the absence of oxygen. As the oven is heated, the coal begins
to melt so most of the volatile matter such as oil, tar, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulfur are removed.
The cooked coal, called coke, is removed from the oven after 18 to 24 hours of reaction time. The
coke is cooled and screened into pieces ranging from one inch to four inches. The coke is a porous,
hard black rock of concentrated carbon (contains 90 to 93 percent carbon), which has some ash and
sulfur but compared to raw coal is very strong. The strong pieces of coke with a high energy value
provide permeability, heat and gases which are required to reduce and melt the iron ore, pellets and
sinter.