Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Ocaña National High School
S.Y. 2020-2021

Effectivity of Different Animal Manure on the Growth of

Eggplant (Solanum melongena)

_____________________________________________________________________________

Mentor:
Farrah G. Madrio

Researcher:
Jellah Franzene M. Paninsoro
CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Eggplant, Solanum melongena L., is a Solanaceae crop widely grown in the subtropics
and tropics areas. It is a good source of soluble sugars, protein, anthocyanin, phenolic, and
glycoalkaloidcompounds. The phenolic antioxidants in eggplant has hepatoprotective effect
(Akanitapichat et al. 2010).

Eggplant characteristic feature is a root system of a medium range and its demand for
water is greatest during the blooming and fruit-forming periods (AdamczewskaSowińska et al.
2016). Eggplant is sensitive to frost and the growth of young plants is constrained by
temperatures below 16°C (61ºF). The growth of eggplant may slow down when the temperature
is too high (> 30°C about 86ºF), or in the absence of enough water, or in excessive humidity
combined with a high temperature. High temperature and evenly distributed rainfall throughout
the vegetation period are favorable conditions for eggplant yield (Adamczewska-Sowińska et al.
2016). The fruit shape range includes spherical, oblong, ovoid, oval, long and many intermediate
shapes. The mean fruit weight is in the range of 200–300 g. Newer Asian types have weights of
20–40 g (Hassan et al. 2015; Caruso et al. 2017). The global production of eggplant is around 50
million tons annually, with a net value of more than $10 billion a year, which makes it the fifth
most economically important Solanaceous crop after potato, tomato, pepper, and tobacco (FAO
2014; Taher et al. 2017).

It is extensively grown in the Philippines making it as one of the most important

vegetables in the country. Eggplant production accounts about 28 percent of the total volume of
top vegetables grown in the country which attained the highest value among leading vegetables.
The area devoted to eggplant production is more than 1,875 hectares composed of farms ranging
from 0.5 to 2.0 hectares with an average yield of 18.4 MT/ha which is about the half of the
average yield in Asia and the world (BAS, 2011).
 Organic manures play a direct role in soil fertility, microbial population, improves plant
growth by providing micro and macronutrients in available form, which eventually increased
productivity. The use of soil amendments in agricultural production systems is an affordable way
to improve crop yield and quality. Antonious et al. (2008) reported that sewage sludge mixed
with yard waste compost provided the highest marketable yield and greatest number of eggplant
fruits compared to the no-mulch bare soil. Azarmi et al. (2008) reported that the addition of
vermicomposting to agricultural soil increased tomato yield and elemental content of tomato as
compared to no-mulch control treatments. Laczi et al. (2016) found that the best yield of the
Chinese cabbage was obtained when horse manure was used as a soil amendment. In addition,
recent studies indicated that biochar (a product of burning wood by a process known as
pyrolysis) used as a soil amendment could increase plant nutrients, soil cation exchange capacity
(CEC), soil organic matter, soil microbial activities, and nutrients availability (Haipeng et al.
2017).

This study will be conducted with native soil; Goat Manure, Fish Manure and Cow
Manure. The soil in each of the seven treatments will also be mixed with biochar and planted
with eggplant. The addition of organic material in the form of biogas waste into the soil is
expected to increase the yield of eggplant. This experiment aims at determining the best animal
manure to be used.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

1. What is the yield of eggplant when treated with:

a. Goat manure

b. Fish manure

c. Cow manure

2. What kind of animal manure is best when growing eggplants?

STATEMENT OF THE HYPOTHESIS

If there is a difference on the growth of eggplant while using different animal manure,

therefore:

Ha: There is a significant relationship between the growth and yield of eggplant and the usage of

different types of animal manure

Ho: There is no significant relationship between the growth and yield of eggplant and the usage

of different types of animal manure

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study is beneficial to the following entities:

Farmers. It can help on increasing their income, since eggplant is one of the most important

vegetable here in the country and is a necessity to every home.

Community. It can help the people to find eggplants on a cheaper price yet high in quality.

SCOPE OF THE LIMITATION

This study only focuses on testing the growth of Eggplant (Solanum melongena) upon using

different animal manure. The experimentation will be conducted at Poblacion, Sibonga, Cebu.
DEFINITION OF TERMS

 Eggplant-

 Animal manure-

 Biochar -

 Buzzer- A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device.

 The 1k Resistor- A resistor reduces the flow of current.

 330-ohm resistor- The purpose of resistor is to drop voltage that is not required to

operate the LED.

 LED- Is a semiconductor device that emits a light when an electric current passws

through it.

 1N4148 diode-The 1n4148 is a standard silicon switching signal diode.

 Breadboard- A printed circuit board mechanically supports and electrically

connects electrical using conductive tracks connecting jumper.

 Wire- Attach one red jumper cable clamp to the positive terminal on the dead

battery.

 9v Battery- Is a common size battery that was introduced for the early transistor

radios.

 Motion Sensor- A motion detector is an electrical device that utilizes a sensor to

detect nearby motion.

 Ultrasonic Sensor- Is a device that generate or sense ultrasound energy.

 CHAPTER II:

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

According to Sowinska and Krygier (2013), eggplants contain low calorie and high

nutrient. It is a good source of calcium, phosporus, potassium, iron, protein, folic acid and

vitamins A and B. It is high in fiber and low in fat, calories and sodium.

The increasing demand of eggplants has gone alone with the rapid growth of the

population. This is due to the increasing awareness toward the benefit of vegetables in fulfilling

the nutrient of the family. In Indonesia, the country’s eggplant production for the past years has

decreased. In 2013, the national production of eggplants reduced 509, 380 ton from 519,481 ton

in 2011 (Directorate General of Holticulture, 2014). One of the main causes of such reduction is

the decreasing fertility of the soil and organic matters in the soil.

According to Wassem et al.(2013), the use of inorganic fertilizer in long-term has

reduced physical, chemical and biological traits, as well as organic matters in the soil, and of

course, they will affect efficiency of nutrients absorption. Excessive application of inorganic

fertilizer would contaminate environment and the food yield that may harm human health

(Jagatheeswari, 2013). Therefore, some efforts are required to fulfill a part of nutrients and

improve the physical, chemical and biological traits of the soil through the application of organic

fertilizers.
 The growth and the yield of eggplants are strongly influenced by the condition of soil and

its fertilizer. Any damage to the quality can cause unproductive plants according to its potential

results. The addition of organic material like animal manure into the soil is expected to increase

the yield and growth of eggplant.

CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY

Materials:

The researchers will gather the following materials that are necessarily needed for the

experiment such as Arduino Uno, Coil, 10nF capacitor, Buzzer, The 1k resistor, 330-ohm

resistor, LED, 1n4148 diode, breadboard, connecting jumper wire, 9v battery, Motion sensor,

Ultrasonic sensor.

Procedure:

I. Preparation of the Arduino kit

Get an Arduino board, Download the Arduino environment, install the

USB drivers, connect the board and upload the program.

II. Putting all the micro on breadboard

Plug the three pins of your sensor into three different rows on your

Breadboard. Connect the wire from the 5v on your Arduino to row containing the

5v pin on your sensor. Connect a wire from A0 on your breadboard row

Containing the pin marked with an S. Lastly, insert the ultrasonic and motion

Sensors.

III. Programming and encoding

The researchers open thee Arduino app to encode and program to control

Detector. After which, the researchers will try to detect rats if it is working.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Ocaña National High School
S.Y. 2020-2021

Effectivity of Different Animal Manure on the Growth of

Eggplant (Solanum melongena)

_____________________________________________________________________________

Mentor:
Farrah G. Madrio

Researcher:
Jellah Franzene M. Paninsoro