Đọc hiểu văn bản cơ bản part 4

Exercise 1: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your
answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Most languages have several levels of vocabulary that may be used by the same
speakers. In English, at least three have been identified and described.

   Standard usage includes those words and expressions understood, used, and
accepted by a majority of the speakers of a language in any situation regardless of the
levels of formality. As such, these words and expressions are well defined and listed in
standard dictionaries. Colloquialisms, on the other hand, are familiar words and idioms
that are understood by almost all speakers of a language and used in informal speech
or writing, but not considered acceptable for more formal situations. Almost all
idiomatic expressions are colloquial language. Slang, however, refers to words and
expressions understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as
appropriate formal usage by the majority. Colloquial expressions and even slang may
be found in standard dictionaries but will be so identified. Both Colloquial usage and
slang are more common in speech than in writing. Colloquial speech often passes into
standard speech. Some slang also passes into standard speech, but other slang
expressions enjoy momentary popularity followed by obscurity. In some cases, the
majority never accepts certain slang phrases but nevertheless retains them in their
collective memories. Every generation seems to require its own set of words to
describe familiar objects and events.

   It has been pointed out by a number of linguists that three cultural conditions are
necessary for the creation of a large body of slang expressions. First, the introduction
and acceptance of new objects and situations in the society; second, a diverse
population with a large number of subgroups; third, association among the subgroups
and the majority population.

   Finally, it is worth noting that the terms "standard", "colloquial" and "slang" exist only
as abstract labels for scholars who study language. Only a tiny number of the speakers
of any language will be aware that they are using colloquial or slang expressions. Most
speakers of English will, during appropriate situations, select and use all three types of
expressions.
Question 1: Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?

A: Standard speech     B: Idiomatic phrases

C: Dictionary usage     D: Different types of vocabulary

Question 2: How is slang defined by the author?

A: Words and phrases understood by the majority but not found in standard
dictionaries.

B: Words and phrases accepted by the majority for formal usage.

C: Words and phrases that are understood by a restricted group of speakers.

D: Words and phrases understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as
formal usage.

Question 3: The word "obscurity" could best be replaced by __________

A: qualification     B: tolerance     C: disappearance     D: influence

Question 4: The word "them" refers to __________

A: slang phrases     B: memories     C: the majority     D: words

Question 5: The statement: "Colloquialisms, on the other hand, are familiar words and
idioms that are understood by almost all speakers of a language and used in informal
speech or writing, but not considered acceptable for more formal situations." means:

A: Most of the speakers of a language can use both formal and informal speech in
appropriate situations.

B: Familiar situations that are experienced by most people are called colloquialisms.

C: Familiar words and phrases are found in both speech and writing in formal settings.

D: Informal language contains colloquialisms, which are not found in more formal
language.

Question 6: Which of the following is true of standard usage?

A: It can be used in formal or informal settings.

B: It is only understood be the upper classes.

C: It limited to written language.

D: It is constantly changing.

Question 7: The author mentions all of the following as requirements for slang
expressions to be created EXCEPT

A: new situations     B: a new generation

C: interaction among diverse groups     D: a number of linguists

Question 8: It can be inferred from the passage that the author

A: approves of colloquial speech in some situations, but not slang

B: approves of slang and colloquial speech in appropriate situations

C: does not approve of either slang or colloquial speech in any situation

D: does not approve of colloquial usage in writing

Exercise 2: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your
answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

   Mandatory volunteering made many members of Maryland's high school class of 97

grumble with indignation. They didn't like a new requirement that made them take part
in the school's community service program. Future seniors, however, probably won't be
as resistant now that the program has broken in. Some, like John Maloney, already
have completed their required hours of approved community service. The Bowie High
School sophomore earned his hours in eighth grade by volunteering two nights a week
at the Larkin-Chase Nursing and Restorative Center in Bowie.He played shuffle board,
cards, and other games with the senior citizens. He also helped plan parties for them
and visited their rooms to keep them company.

   John, fifteen, is not finished volunteering. Once a week he videotapes animals at the
Prince George's County animal shelter in Forestville. His footage is shown on the
Bowie public access television channel in hopes of finding homes for the animals.
"Volunteering is better than just sitting around," says John, "and I like animals; I don't
want to see them put to sleep." He's not the only volunteer in his family. His sister,
Melissa, an eighth grader, has completed her hours also volunteering at Larkin-Chase.

"It is a good idea to have kids go out into the community, but it's frustrating to have to
write essays about the works," she said. It makes you feel like you're doing it for the
requirement and not for yourself." The high school's service learning office, run by Beth
Ansley, provides information on organizations seeking volunteers so that students will
have an easier time fulfilling their hours.

   "It's ridiculous that people are opposing the requirements," said Amy Rouse, who this
summer has worked at the Ronald McDonald House and has helped to rebuild a
church in Clinton.

   "So many people won't do the service unless it's mandatory," Rouse said, "but once
they start doing it, they'll really like it and hopefully it will become a part of their lives -
like it has become a part of mine."

Question 1: The best title of the passage could be ______.

A: "Students Who Volunteer to Work with Senior Citizens"

B: "Students Who Earn Extra Money after School"

C: "A Volunteer Program at Bowie High School"

D: "The High School Class of 1977"

Question 2: The word "frustrating" in paragraph 7 is closest in meaning to ______.

A: interesting     B: happy     C: satisfying     D: upset

Question 3: The word "it" in paragraph 7 refers to ______.

A: completing requirements     B: writing essays

C: doing volunteer work     D: A. going out in the community

Question 4: From paragraphs 6 and 7, we can infer that Melissa Maloney ______.
A: volunteers because it's a requirement

B: is frustrated by her volunteer job

C: volunteers because it makes her feel good

D: doesn't like to write essays about her volunteer work

Question 5: According to the last two paragraphs, Amy Rouse thinks that ______.

A: most people don't like volunteering, so they don't want to do it

B: most people will discover they enjoy volunteering if they try it

C: the volunteer program shouldn't be mandatory

D: people should be able to choose whether they want to volunteer

Question 6: Which of the following volunteer activities is NOT mentioned in the

passage?

A: Videotaping animals in a shelter.     B: Rebuilding a church.

C: Tutoring children.     D: Visiting elderly people.

Question 7: In the passage, the author gives the explanation of the concept of
mandatory volunteer programs by ______.

A: describing one volunteer program

B: classifying different types of volunteer programs

C: arguing in favor of volunteer programs

D: comparing two volunteer programs

Exercise 3: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your
answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

   The mineral particles found in soil range in size from microscopic clay particles to
large boulders. The most abundant particles - sand, silt, and clay - are the focus of
examination in studies of soil texture. Texture is the term used to describe the line
composite sizes of particles in a soil sample, typically several representative handfuls .
To measure soil texture, the sand, silt, and clay particles are sorted out by size and
weight. The weights of each size are then expressed as a percentage of the sample
weight.

In the field, soil texture can be estimated by extracting a handful of sod and squeezing
the damp soil into three basic shapes; (1) cast, a lump formed by squeezing a sample
in a clenched fist; (2) thread, a pencil shape formed by rolling soil between the palms;
and (3) ribbon, a flatfish shape formed by squeezing a small sample between the
thumb and index finger. The behavioral characteristics of the soil when molded into
each of these shapes, if they can be formed at all, provides the basis for a general
textural classification. The behavior of the soil in the hand test is determined by the
amount of clay in the sample. Clay particles are highly cohesive, and when dampened ,
behave as a plastic. Therefore the higher the clay content in a sample, the more
refined and durable the shapes into which it can be molded.

   Another method of determining soil texture involves the use of devices called
sediment sieves, screens built with a specified mesh size. When the soil is filtered
through a group of sieves, each with a different mesh size, the particles become
grouped in corresponding size categories. Each category can be weighed to make a
textural determination. Although sieves work well for silt, sand, and larger particles,
they are not appropriate for clay particles. Clay is far too small to sieve accurately;
therefore, in soils with a high proportion of clay, the fine particles are measured on the
basis of their settling velocity when suspended in water. Since clays settle so slowly,
they are easily segregated from sand and silt. The water can be drawn off and
evaporated, leaving a residue of clay, which can be weighed.

Question 1: The author mentions "several representative handfuls" in the passage in

order to show ______.

A: the range of soil samples     B: the requirements for an adequate soil sam

C: the process by which soil is weighed     D: how small soil particles are

Question 2: It can be inferred that the names of the three basic shapes mentioned in
paragraph 2 reflect ______.

A: the way the soil is extracted

B: the need to check more than one handful

C: the difficulty of forming different shapes

D: the results of squeezing the soil

Question 3: The word "dampened" in the passage is closest in meaning to _____.

A: damaged     B: stretched     C: moistened     D: examined

Question 4: It can be inferred from the passage that a soil sample with little or no clay
in it ______.

A: does not have a durable shape     B: is not very heavy

C: does not have a classifiable texture     D: may not hold its shape when molded

Question 5: The word "they" in the passage refers to ______.

A: larger particles     B: sieves     C: categories     D: clay particles

Question 6: It can be inferred from the passage that the sediment sieve has an
advantage over the hand test in determining soil texture because ______.

A: the sieve allows for a more exact measure

B: less training is required to use the sieve

C: using the sieve takes less time

D: the sieve can measure clay

Question 7: During the procedure described in paragraph 3, when clay particles are
placed into water they ______.

A: stick to the sides of the water container     B: dissolve quickly

C: take some time to sink to the bottom     D: separate into different sizes

Question 8: The word "fine" in the passage is closest in meaning to ______.

A: many     B: excellent     C: tiny     D: various

Exercise 4: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your
answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

   Thanksgiving is celebrated in the US on the fourth Thursday in November. For many

Americans it is the most important holiday apart from Christmas. Schools, offices and
most businesses close for Thanksgiving, and many people make the whole weekend a
vacation.

   Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to North
America. In 1620 the ship the Mayflowers arrived, bringing about 150 people who
today are usually called Pilgrims. They arrived at the beginning of a very hard winter
and could not find enough to eat, so many of them died. But in the following summer
Native Americans showed them what foods were safe to eat, so that they could save
food for the next winter. They held a big celebration to thank God and the Native
Americans for the fact that they had survived.

   Today people celebrate Thanksgiving to remember these early days. The most
important part of the celebration is a traditional dinner with foods that come from North
America. The meal includes turkey, sweet potatoes (also called yams) and cranberries,
which are made into a kind of sauce or jelly. The turkey is filled with stuffing or
dressing, and many families have their own special recipe. Dessert is pumpkin made
into a pie.

   On Thanksgiving there are special television programs and sports events. In New
York there is the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade, when a long line of people wearing
fancy costumes march through the streets with large balloons in the shape of
imaginary characters. Thanksgiving is considered the beginning of the Christmas
period, and the next day many people go out to shop for Christmas presents.

Question 1: What is the purpose of the passage?

A. To compare how Thanksgiving was celebrated in the past and today.

B. To give an overview of a popular celebration in the US.

C. To explain the existence of a celebration in the US.

D. To introduce a Native American culture.

Question 2: In the United States, Thanksgiving is ______.

A. a religious celebration held by Christians only.

B. celebrated as a public holiday.

C. more important than Christmas.

D. apart from Christmas.

Question 3: According to the passage, Pilgrims are ______.

A. people who traveled to America by ships

B. trips that religious people make to a holy place

C. people who left their home and went to live in North America in 1620s

D. Native Americans who live in North America

Question 4: All of the following statements are mentioned EXCEPT ______.

A. People celebrate Thanksgiving to thank God.

B. People usually have traditional dinners on Thanksgiving.

C. There are lots of entertainments on Thanksgiving.

D. People go to churches for religious services on Thanksgiving.

Question 5: Which of the following statements is not TRUE about Thanksgiving

______?

A. turkey, yams and pumpkin pies are served.

B. people join in the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade.

C. people wear colored costumes marching through the streets.

D. people go out to shop for Christmas presents

Question 6: In the second paragraph, the pronoun "them" refers to which of the
following?

A. Pilgrims     B. the Mayflowers     C. Native Americans     D. Schools

Question 7: Which of the following is NOT true?

A. In the US, Thanksgiving is not a national holiday; it's a religious holiday.

B. Christmas comes less than a month after Thanksgiving.

C. Thanksgiving was originally celebrated by the first Europeans in North America to

thank God for their survival.

D. The Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade is colorful and exciting

Exercise 5: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your
answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

   A rather surprising geographical feature of Antarctica is that a huge freshwater lake,
one of the world’s largest and deepest, lies hidden there under four kilometers of ice.
Now known as Lake Vostok, this huge body of water is located under the ice block that
comprises Antarctica. The lake is able to exist in its unfrozen state beneath this block
of ice because its waters are warmed by geothermal heat from the earth’s core. The
thick glacier above Lake Vostok actually insulates it from the frigid temperatures on the
surface.

   The lake was first discovered in the 1970s while a research team was conducting an
aerial survey of the area. Radio waves from the survey equipment penetrated the ice
and revealed a body of water of indeterminate size. It was not until much more recently
that data collected by satellite made scientists aware of the tremendous size of the
lake; the satellite-borne radar detected an extremely flat region where the ice remains
level because it is floating on the water of the lake.

   The discovery of such a huge freshwater lake trapped under Antarctica is of interest
to the scientific community because of the potential that the lake contains ancient
microbes that have survived for thousands of years, unaffected by factors such as
nuclear fallout and elevated ultraviolet light that have affected organisms in more
exposed areas. The downside of the discovery, however, lies in the difficulty of
conducting research on the lake in such a harsh climate and in the problems
associated with obtaining uncontaminated samples from the lake without actually
exposing the lake to contamination. Scientists are looking for possible ways to
accomplish this.

Question 1: The word “hidden” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.

A. undrinkable     B. untouched     C. unexploitable     D. undiscovered

Question 2: What is true of Lake Vostok?

A. It is completely frozen.     B. It is saltwater lake.

C. It is beneath a thick slab of ice.     D. It is heated by the sun.

Question 3: Which of the following is closest in meaning to “frigid” in paragraph 1?

A. extremely cold     B. easily broken     C. quite harsh     D. lukewarm

Question 4: All of the following are true about the 1970 survey of Antarctica EXCEPT
that it______.

A. was conducted by air     B. made use of radio waves

C. could not determine the lake’s exact size     D. was controlled by a satellite

Question 5: It can be inferred from the passage that the ice would not be flat if______.

A. there were no lake underneath     B. the lake were not so big

C. Antarctica were not so cold     D. radio waves were not used

Question 6: The word “microbes” in paragraph 3 could best be replaced by which of

the following?

A. Pieces of dust     B. Tiny bubbles     C. Tiny organisms     D. Rays of light

Question 7: Lake Vostok is potentially important to scientists because it________.

A. can be studied using radio waves

B. may contain uncontaminated microbes

C. may have elevated levels of ultraviolet light

D. has already been contaminated

Question 8: The purpose of the passage is to ________.

A. explain how Lake Vostok was discovered

B. provide satellite data concerning Antarctica

C. discuss future plans for Lake Vostok

D. present an unexpected aspect of Antarctica’s geography

Exercise 6: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your
answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

   In developing countries, where three fourths of the world's population live, sixty
percent of the people who can’t read and write are women. Being illiterate doesn’t
mean they are not intelligent. It does mean it is difficult for them to change their lives.
They produce more than half of the food. In Africa eighty percent of all agricultural work
is done by women. There are many programs to help poor countries develop their
agriculture. However, for years, these programs provided money and training for men.

   In parts of Africa, this is a typical day for a village woman. At 4:45 a.m, she gets up,
washes and eats. It takes her a half hour to walk to the fields, and she works there until
3:00 p.m. She collects firewood and gets home at 4:00. She spends the next hour and
a half preparing food to cook. Then she collects water for another hour. From 6:30 to
8:30 she cooks. After dinner, she spends an hour washing the dishes and her children.
She goes to bed at 9:30 p.m.

   International organizations and programs run by developed nations are starting to

help women, as well as men, improve their agricultural production. Governments have
already passed some laws affecting women because of the UN Decade for Women.
The UN report will affect the changes now happening in the family and society.

Question 1: What does the word "run" in the last paragraph mean?

A. move quickly     B. push     C. managed     D. organized

Question 2: Why do people say women produce more than half of the food in Africa?

A. because 60 percent of women are illiterate.

B. because 80 percent of all agricultural work is done by women.

C. most women are not intelligent.

D. all are correct.

Question 3: Why do people say that African women’s lives are hard?

A. Because these women are busy with housework.

B. Because they work all day in the fields.

C. both A and B are correct.

D. Because they are illiterate.

Question 4: A typical African woman spends _______ collecting firewood every day.

A. 3 hour     B. 2 hours     C. 1 hour     D. 4 hours

Question 5: Which of these statements is NOT TRUE?

A. Women’s roles in the family and society are changing nowadays.

B. It is difficult for women to change their lives because of their illiteracy.

C. In the past only men in poor countries got benefit from many international programs.

D. Because they are illiterate, women are not intelligent.

Question 6: By whom (what) was the Decade for Women organized?

A. by the United Nations Organization.     B. by developing countries

C. by the World Health Organization.     D. by many African countries.

Question 7: The passage would most likely be followed by details about _______.

A. changes in life between men and women in the family and in the society
B. negative effects of the UNO law

C. positive effects of the roles of women

D. women and men's roles in their family

Exercise 7: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your
answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

   In Science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related.
A theory often involves an imaginary model that helps scientists picture the way an
observed event could be produced. A good example of this is found in the kinetic
molecular theory, in which gases are pictured as being made up of many small
particles that are in constant motion.

   After a theory has been publicized, scientists design experiments to test the theory. If
observations confirm the scientists’ predictions, the theory is supported. If observations
do not confirm the predictions, the scientists must search further. There may be a fault
in the experiment, or the theory may have to be revised or rejected.

   Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as collecting information

and performing experiments. Facts by themselves arc not science. As the
mathematician Jules Henri Poincare said: "Science is built with facts just as a house is
built with bricks, but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile
of bricks can be called a house."

   Most scientists start an investigation by finding out what other scientists have learned
about a particular problem. After known facts have been gathered, the scientist comes
to the part of the investigation that requires considerable imagination. Possible
solutions to the problem are formulated. These possible solutions are called
hypotheses. In a way, any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown. It extends the
scientist's thinking beyond the known facts. The scientist plans experiments, performs
calculations, and makes observations to test hypotheses. For without hypotheses,
further investigation lacks purpose and direction. When hypotheses are confirmed, they
are incorporated into theories.

Question 1: Which of the following is the main subject of the passage?

A. The importance of models in scientific theories.

B. The sorts of facts that scientists find most interesting.

C. The ways that scientists perform different types of experiments.

D. The place of theory and hypothesis in scientific investigation.

Question 2: The word "related" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _______.

A. described     B. identified     C. connected     D. completed

Question 3: According to the second paragraph, a useful theory is one that helps
scientists to _______.

A. observe events     B. publicize new findings

C. make predictions     D. find errors in past experiments

Question 4: The word "supported" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _______.

A. upheld     B. finished     C. adjusted     D. investigated

Question 5: “Bricks” are mentioned in paragraph 3 to indicate how _______.

A. science is more than a collection of facts

B. scientific experiments have led to improved technology

C. mathematicians approach science

D. building a house is like performing experiments

Question 6: In the fourth paragraph, the author implies that imagination is most
important to scientists when they _______.

A. formulate possible solutions to a problem

B. evaluate previous work on a problem

C. close an investigation

D. gather known facts

Question 7: In the last paragraph, what does the author imply is a major function of
hypotheses?

A. Linking together different theories.

B. Communicating a scientist's thoughts to others.

C. Providing direction for scientific research.

D. Sifting through known facts.

Question 8: Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?

A. Theories are simply imaginary models of past events.

B. A scientist's most difficult task is testing hypotheses.

C. A good scientist needs to be creative.

D. It is better to revise a hypothesis than to reject it.

Exercise 8: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your
answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

   Although speech is the most advanced form of communication, there are many ways
of communicating without using speech. Signals, signs, symbols, and gestures may be
found in every known culture. The basic function of signal is to impinge upon the
environment in such a way that it attracts attention, as, for example, the dots and
dashes of a telegraph circuit. Coded to refer to speech, the potential for communication
is very great. Less adaptable to the codification of words, signs also contain meaning in
and of themselves. A stop sign or a barber pole conveys meaning quickly and
conveniently.

   Symbols are more difficult to describe than either signals or signs because of their
intricate relationship with the receiver’s cultural perceptions. In some cultures,
applauding in a theater provides performers with an auditory symbol of approval.
Gestures such as waving and handshaking also communicate certain cultural
messages.
   Although signals, signs, symbols, and gestures are very useful, they do have a major
disadvantage in communication. They usually do not allow ideas to be shared without
the sender being directly adjacent to the receiver. Without an exchange of ideas,
interaction comes to a halt. As a result, means of communication intended to be used
for long distances and extended periods must be based upon speech. To radio,
television, and the telephone, one must add fax, paging systems, electronic mail, and
the Internet, and no one doubts but that there are more means of communication on
the horizon.

Question 1: Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A. Gestures     B. Signs and signals     C. Speech     D. Communication

Question 2: According to this passage, what is a signal?

A. A form of communication that interrupts the environment.

B. The most difficult form of communication to describe.

C. A form of communication which may be used across long distances.

D. The form of communication most related to cultural perception.

Question 3: The word “it” in paragraph 1 refers to ____________.

A. way     B. environment     C. function     D. signal

Question 4: The word “intricate” in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by

___________.

A. inefficient     B. complicated     C. historical     D. uncertain

Question 5: Applauding was cited as an example of ____________.

A. a signal     B. a sign     C. a gesture     D. a symbol

Question 6: Why were the telephone, radio, and television invented?

A. Because people were unable to understand signs, signals, and symbols.

B. Because people believed that signs, signals, and symbols were obsolete.
C. Because people wanted to communicate across long distances.

D. Because people wanted new forms of communication.

Question 7: It may be concluded from this passage that ____________.

A. Only some cultures have signs, signals, and symbols.

B. Signs, signals, symbols, and gestures are forms of communication.

C. Symbols are very easy to define and interrupt.

D. Waving and handshaking are not related to culture.

Exercise 9: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your
answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

   Smallpox was the first widespread disease to be eliminated by human intervention.

Known as a highly contagious viral disease, it broke out in Europe, causing the deaths
of millions of people until the vaccination was invented by Edward Jenner around 1800.
In many nations, it was a terror, a fatal disease until very recently. Its victims suffer
high fever, vomiting and painful, itchy, pustules that left scars. In villages and cities all
over the world, people were worried about suffering smallpox.In May, 1966, the World
Health Organization (WHO), an agency of the United Nations was authorized to initiate
a global campaign to eradicate smallpox. The goal was to eliminate the disease in one
decade. At the time, the disease posed a serious threat to people in more than thirty
nations. Because similar projects for malaria and yellow fever had failed, few believed
that smallpox could actually be eradicated but eleven years after the initial organization
of the campaign, no cases were reported in the field.The strategy was not only to
provide mass vaccinations but also to isolate patients with active smallpox in order to
contain the spread of the disease and to break the chain of human transmission.
Rewards for reporting smallpox assisted in motivating the public to aid health workers.
One by one, each small-pox victim was sought out, removed from contact with others
and treated. At the same time, the entire village where the victim had lived was
vaccinated.By April of 1978 WHO officials announced that they had isolated the last
known case of the disease but health workers continued to search for new cases for
additional years to be completely sure. In May, 1980, a formal statement was made to
the global community. Today smallpox is no longer a threat to humanity. Routine
vaccinations have been stopped worldwide.

Question 1: Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A. The eradication of smallpox     B. The World Health Organization

C. Infectious disease     D. Smallpox vaccinations

Question 2: The word “contagious” is closest in meaning to ___________.

A. courteous     B. arresting     C. numerous     D. catching

Question 3: The global community considered the smallpox ___________.

A. a minor illness     B. a deadly illness     C. a mental illness     D. a rare illness

Question 4: The word “threat” in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by ___________.

A. risk     B. debate     C. announce     D. bother

Question 5: According to the passage, what way was used to eliminate the spread of
smallpox?

A. Vaccination of entire villages

B. Treatment of individual victims

C. Isolation of victims and mass vaccinations

D. Extensive reporting of outbreaks

Question 6: How was the public motivated to help the health workers?

A. By educating them.

B. By rewarding them for reporting smallpox cases.

C. By isolating them from others.

D. By giving them vaccinations.

Question 7: Which one of the statements doesn’t refer to smallpox?

A. Previous project had failed.

B. People are no longer vaccinated for it.

C. The WHO set up a worldwide campaign to eradicate the disease.

D. It was a fatal threat.

Question 8: It can be inferred from the passage that ___________.

A. yellow fever have been reported this year.

B. no new cases of smallpox have been reported this year.

C. smallpox victims no longer die when they contact the disease.

D. smallpox is not transmitted from one person to another.

Exercise 10: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your
answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

   The American type of football was developed in the 19th century from soccer and
rugby football. Played by professionals, amateurs, college and high school students, or
young children, football in American is one of the most popular sports besides
basketball and baseball. It attracts millions of fans each fall and people are very
supportive of their favourite teams. The football playing field of today is rectangular in
shape and measures 100 yards long and 53.5 yards wide. White lines are painted on
the playing field to mark off the distances to the end zone. The games is divided into
four quarters, each fifteen minutes long. The first two quarters are known as the first
half. There is a rest period between two halves which usually last about fifteen minutes.
Each team has eleven players. Each team has offensive players who play when the
team has possession of the ball and defensive players who play when the other team
has the possession of the ball. Because of the body contact players have during the
game, helmets are worn to protect their head and face area, whereas pads are worn to
protect the shoulders, arms, and legs. Also, there are officials carrying whistles and
flags to make certain that the rules of the game are followed during the game. The
football is made of leather and is brown in colour. It is shaped much like an oval and
has white rings near each end of the football. These rings help the players see the ball
when it is thrown or someone is running with it. The eight stitches on the top of the
football help the players to grip the ball when throwing or passing. The most famous
game of the year is Super Bowl that is played in January or February. It is televised
around the world and is watched by millions of people each year.

Question 1: What do officials do during the game of football?

A. build up excitement among the fans     B. supervise the game

C. take up tickets     D. spectate the game

Question 2: As mentioned in the text, who are the most active when their team has the
ball?

A. offensive players     B. defensive players     C. the officials     D. the fans

Question 3: Playing American football is the most similar to playing.

A. rugby football     B. basketball     C. baseball     D. volleyball

Question 4: What do pads help the players to protect?

A. their legs and arms     B. their heads     C. the whole body     D. their faces

Question 5: Which is the most popular sport in the US?

A. Rugby football    B. Soccer     C. American football     D. It's not mentioned

Question 6: When is the most famous football game held annually?

A. in the fall     B. January     C. February     D. January or February

Question 7: Why are there white rings on each end of the football?

A. to mark off the distances to the end zone     B. to help players run

C. to help players score     D. to help players see the ball

Question 8: The word "grip" in the passage means to

A. avoid something     B. take something away

C. old something tightly     D. detect something