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Various Methods of Oil Recovery: By:-Geikaran Patel ROLL NO:-U10CH025
Various Methods of Oil Recovery: By:-Geikaran Patel ROLL NO:-U10CH025
RECOVERY
BY:-GEIKARAN PATEL
ROLL NO:-U10CH025
Methods of Recovery
.
2) In-situ burning is another form of TEOR, but
instead of steam, some of the oil is burned to
heat the surrounding oil.
Occasionally, detergents are also used to
decrease oil viscosity as a tertiary oil recovery
method.
• 3) carbon dioxide flooding.
• Tertiary recovery allows another 5% to 15%
of the reservoir's oil to be recovered.
• Tertiary recovery begins when secondary oil
recovery isn't enough to continue adequate
production, but only when the oil can still be
extracted profitably. This depends on the cost
of the extraction method and the current
price of crude oil. When prices are
high, previously unprofitable wells are
brought back into production and when they
are low, production is curtailed
Other Tertiary Recovery Methods
• Cyclic Steam Stimulation
• This method, also known as the Huff
and Puff method, consists of 3 stages:
• 1)injection,
• 2)soaking
• 3) production.
• Steam is first injected into a well for a
certain amount of time to heat the oil
in the surrounding reservoir to a
temperature at which it flows. After it
is decided enough steam has been
injected, the steam is usually left to
"soak" for some time after (typically
not more than a few days). Then oil is
produced out of the same well, at first
by natural flow (since the steam
injection will have increased the
reservoir pressure) and then by
artificial lift. Production will decrease
as the oil cools down, and once
production reaches an economically
determined level the steps are
repeated again.
• The process can be quite
effective, especially in the first few cycles.
However, it is typically only able to recover
approximately 20% of the Original Oil in
Place (OOIP), compared to steam flooding
which has been reported to recover over
50% of OOIP. It is quite common for wells
to be produced in the cyclic steam manner
for a few cycles before being put on a
steam flooding regime with other wells.
• The mechanism was accidentally
discovered by Shell while it was doing a
steam flood in Venezuela and one of its
steam injectors blew out and ended up
producing oil at much higher rates than a
conventional production well in a similar
environment.
Steam Flooding
• Steam Flooding
• In a steam flood, sometimes known as a
steam drive, some wells are used as steam
injection wells and other wells are used for
oil production. Two mechanisms are at
work to improve the amount of oil
recovered. The first is to heat the oil to
higher temperatures and to thereby
decrease its viscosity so that it more easily
flows through the formation toward the
producing wells. A second mechanism is
the physical displacement employing in a
manner similar to water flooding, in which
oil is meant to be pushed to the production
wells. While more steam is needed for this
method than for the cyclic method, it is
typically more effective at recovering a
larger portion of the oil.
• A form of steam flooding that has become
popular in the Alberta tar sands is steam
assisted gravity drainage (SAGD), in which
two horizontal wells are drilled, one a few
meters above the other, and steam is
injected into the upper one. The intent is
to reduce the viscosity of the bitumen to
the point where gravity will pull it down
into the producing well.
polymer flooding
Description
Polymer augmented water flooding consists of
adding water soluble polymers to the water
before it is injected into the reservoir.
Mechanisms That Improve Recovery Efficiency
Mobility control (improves volumetric sweep
efficiency).
Limitations
High oil viscosities require a higher polymer
concentration. Results are normally better if
the polymer flood is started before the water-
oil ratio
becomes excessively high.
Clays increase polymer adsorption.
Some heterogeneity is acceptable, but avoid
extensive fractures. If fractures are present,
the cross linked or gelled polymer techniques
may be applicable.
Challenges
Lower infectivity than with water can adversely
affect oil production rates in the early stages
of the polymer flood.
Acryl amide-type polymers loose viscosity due
to sheer degradation, or it increases in
salinity and divalent ions.
Xanthus gum polymers cost more, are subject
to microbial degradation, and have a
greater potential for wellbore plugging.
Screening Parameters
Gravity >18º API
Viscosity <200 cp
Composition not critical
Oil saturation >10% PV mobile oil
Formation type sandstone/carbonate
Net thickness not critical
Average permeability >20 mad
Transmissibility not critical
Depth <9,000 feet
Temperature <225ºF
Microbial injection
Introduction
How much additional oil can be produced? Up to 60% oil in place after primary
recovery
MEOR Mechanisms
Bioproduct Effect
Acids Modification of reservoir rock
Improvement of porosity and permeability